1
πᾶσα σοφία παρὰ κυρίου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐστιν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
All wisdom is from the Lord, and with him it is forever.
The opening thesis locates all wisdom in the Lord himself and establishes divine possession as the chapter's controlling claim.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶσα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐστιν: verbal form rendered 'is' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: preposition rendered 'for' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationαἰῶνα: lexical item rendered 'age' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
2
ἄμμον θαλασσῶν καὶ σταγόνας ὑετοῦ καὶ ἡμέρας αἰῶνος τίς ἐξαριθμήσει
Who will number the sand of the seas, the drops of rain, and the days of eternity?
The first question widens the horizon to immeasurable realities, implying that creaturely calculation cannot master wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἄμμονsandN2 ASF · ἄμμοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἄμμον: lexical item rendered 'sand' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
θαλασσῶνof seasN1S GPF · θάλασσαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationθαλασσῶν: lexical item rendered 'of seas' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
σταγόναςdropsN3N APF · σταγώνaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσταγόνας: lexical item rendered 'drops' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ὑετοῦof rainN2 GSM · ὑετόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationὑετοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of rain' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρας: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αἰῶνοςof eternityN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationαἰῶνος: lexical item rendered 'of eternity' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceτίς: pronominal form rendered 'who' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐξαριθμήσειwill numberVF FAI3S · ἀριθμέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐξαριθμήσει: verbal form rendered 'will number' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
3
ὕψος οὐρανοῦ καὶ πλάτος γῆς καὶ ἄβυσσον καὶ σοφίαν τίς ἐξιχνιάσει
Who will trace out the height of heaven, the breadth of earth, the deep, and wisdom?
A second question pushes the point further by pairing wisdom with heaven, earth, and the deep as realities beyond exhaustive human searching.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: lexical item rendered 'height' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
οὐρανοῦof heavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationοὐρανοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of heaven' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
πλάτοςbreadthN3E ASN · πλάτοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπλάτος: lexical item rendered 'breadth' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
γῆςof earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆς: lexical item rendered 'of earth' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἄβυσσονthe deepN2 ASM · ἄβυσσοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἄβυσσον: lexical item rendered 'the deep' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσοφίαν: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceτίς: pronominal form rendered 'who' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐξιχνιάσειwill trace outVF FAI3S · ἐξιχνιάζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐξιχνιάσει: verbal form rendered 'will trace out' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
4
προτέρα πάντων ἔκτισται σοφία καὶ σύνεσις φρονήσεως ἐξ αἰῶνος
Wisdom was created before all things, and understanding of prudence is from eternity.
The explanation for wisdom's unsearchable character is her priority: she belongs before all created things and reaches back to eternity.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
προτέραpriorA1A NSF · πρότεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροτέρα: lexical item rendered 'prior' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
πάντωνof all thingsA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπάντων: lexical item rendered 'of all things' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἔκτισταιwas createdVT XMI3S · κτίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ perfective state resulting from prior actionἔκτισται: verbal form rendered 'was created' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύνεσις: lexical item rendered 'understanding' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φρονήσεωςof prudenceN3I GSF · φρόνησιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationφρονήσεως: lexical item rendered 'of prudence' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
αἰῶνοςof eternityN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationαἰῶνος: lexical item rendered 'of eternity' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
6
ῥίζα σοφίας τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη καὶ τὰ πανουργεύματα αὐτῆς τίς ἔγνω
To whom has the root of wisdom been revealed, and who has known her devices?
The unit asks who has ever penetrated wisdom's hidden root and devices, reinforcing that her depths depend on revelation rather than self-discovery.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ῥίζαrootN1S NSF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥίζα: lexical item rendered 'root' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφίας: lexical item rendered 'of wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τίνιto whomRI DSM · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestτίνι: pronominal form rendered 'to whom' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀπεκαλύφθηwas revealedVVI API3S · καλύπτω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀπεκαλύφθη: verbal form rendered 'was revealed' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πανουργεύματαdevicesN3M APN · πανούργευμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπανουργεύματα: lexical item rendered 'devices' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'of her' with reference set by the immediate context.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceτίς: pronominal form rendered 'who' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἔγνωknewVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἔγνω: verbal form rendered 'knew' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
8
εἷς ἐστιν σοφός φοβερὸς σφόδρα καθήμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ
One alone is wise, greatly fearsome, seated upon his throne.
The focus narrows from wisdom to the one enthroned God whose solitary wisdom makes reverent fear the proper human response.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἷςoneM NSM · εἷςnumeral modifying the associated noun phrase→ measure or countεἷς: lexical item rendered 'one' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐστιν: verbal form rendered 'is' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφόςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: lexical item rendered 'wise' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φοβερὸςfearsomeA1A NSM · φοβερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφοβερὸς: lexical item rendered 'fearsome' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σφόδραgreatlyD · σφόδραadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: lexical item rendered 'greatly' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καθήμενοςseatedV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextκαθήμενος: verbal form rendered 'seated' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationθρόνου: lexical item rendered 'throne' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
9
κύριος αὐτὸς ἔκτισεν αὐτὴν καὶ εἶδεν καὶ ἐξηρίθμησεν αὐτὴν καὶ ἐξέχεεν αὐτὴν ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ
The Lord himself created her, saw her, numbered her, and poured her out upon all his works.
Because the Lord created and measured wisdom, he alone governs her distribution throughout creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτὸςhimselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceαὐτὸς: pronominal form rendered 'himself' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἔκτισενcreatedVAI AAI3S · κτίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἔκτισεν: verbal form rendered 'created' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeεἶδεν: verbal form rendered 'saw' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐξηρίθμησενnumberedVAI AAI3S · ἀριθμέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐξηρίθμησεν: verbal form rendered 'numbered' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐξέχεενpoured outV2I IAI3S · χέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ imperfect portrayal of ongoing or repeated actionἐξέχεεν: verbal form rendered 'poured out' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπάντα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἔργα: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
10
μετὰ πάσης σαρκὸς κατὰ τὴν δόσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐχορήγησεν αὐτὴν τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν
With all flesh, according to his gift, he supplied her to those who love him.
The previous claim is specified by saying that wisdom is apportioned through all flesh and especially granted to those who love the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
πάσηςallA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπάσης: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σαρκὸςfleshN3K GSF · σάρξgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσαρκὸς: lexical item rendered 'flesh' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: preposition rendered 'according to' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
δόσινgiftN3I ASF · δόσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόσιν: lexical item rendered 'gift' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐχορήγησενsuppliedVAI AAI3S · χορηγέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐχορήγησεν: verbal form rendered 'supplied' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀγαπῶσινlovingV3 · παπδπμ ἀγαπάωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀγαπῶσιν: verbal form rendered 'loving' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτόν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
11
φόβος κυρίου δόξα καὶ καύχημα καὶ εὐφροσύνη καὶ στέφανος ἀγαλλιάματος
Fear of the Lord is glory and boasting and gladness and a crown of rejoicing.
The discourse now defines fear of the Lord by listing the honor and joy that attend it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
καύχημαboastN3M NSN · καύχημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαύχημα: lexical item rendered 'boast' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: lexical item rendered 'gladness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
στέφανοςcrownN2 NSM · στέφανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστέφανος: lexical item rendered 'crown' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἀγαλλιάματοςof rejoicingN3M GSN · ἀγαλλίαμαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀγαλλιάματος: lexical item rendered 'of rejoicing' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
12
φόβος κυρίου τέρψει καρδίαν καὶ δώσει εὐφροσύνην καὶ χαρὰν καὶ μακροημέρευσιν
Fear of the Lord will delight the heart and give gladness and joy and length of days.
A future-oriented saying unfolds the inward and enduring benefits that flow from fearing the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τέρψειwill delightVF FAI3S · τέρπωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultτέρψει: verbal form rendered 'will delight' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκαρδίαν: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
δώσειwill giveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultδώσει: verbal form rendered 'will give' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
εὐφροσύνηνgladnessN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationεὐφροσύνην: lexical item rendered 'gladness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
χαρὰνjoyN1A ASF · χαράaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχαρὰν: lexical item rendered 'joy' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μακροημέρευσινlength of daysN3I ASF · μακροημέρευσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationμακροημέρευσιν: lexical item rendered 'length of days' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
13
τῷ φοβουμένῳ τὸν κύριον εὖ ἔσται ἐπ' ἐσχάτων καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τελευτῆς αὐτοῦ εὐλογηθήσεται
It will be well for the one who fears the Lord at the end, and on the day of his death he will be blessed.
The blessing of fear of the Lord extends to one's end, so the maxim reaches even to the day of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
φοβουμένῳone fearingV2 · πμπδσμ φοβέωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextφοβουμένῳ: verbal form rendered 'one fearing' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκύριον: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
εὖwellD · εὖadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: lexical item rendered 'well' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἔσταιit will beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἔσται: verbal form rendered 'it will be' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐπ'atP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': preposition rendered 'at' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἐσχάτωνthe endA1 GPN · ἔσχατοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἐσχάτων: lexical item rendered 'the end' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἡμέρᾳ: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τελευτῆςof deathN1 GSF · τελευτήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationτελευτῆς: lexical item rendered 'of death' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
εὐλογηθήσεταιhe will be blessedVC FPI3S · εὐλογέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultεὐλογηθήσεται: verbal form rendered 'he will be blessed' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
14
ἀρχὴ σοφίας φοβεῖσθαι τὸν κύριον καὶ μετὰ πιστῶν ἐν μήτρᾳ συνεκτίσθη αὐτοῖς
The beginning of wisdom is to fear the Lord, and with the faithful she was created with them in the womb.
The unit explicitly identifies fear of the Lord as wisdom's beginning and describes it as implanted among the faithful from the start of life.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀρχὴbeginningN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχὴ: lexical item rendered 'beginning' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφίας: lexical item rendered 'of wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φοβεῖσθαιto fearV2 PMN · φοβέωinfinitive expressing the action or aim of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceφοβεῖσθαι: verbal form rendered 'to fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκύριον: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
πιστῶνof the faithfulA1 GPM · πιστόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπιστῶν: lexical item rendered 'of the faithful' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
μήτρᾳwombN1A DSF · μήτραdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμήτρᾳ: lexical item rendered 'womb' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
συνεκτίσθηwas created togetherVSI API3S · κτίζω + συνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeσυνεκτίσθη: verbal form rendered 'was created together' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῖςwith themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: pronominal form rendered 'with them' with reference set by the immediate context.
15
μετὰ ἀνθρώπων θεμέλιον αἰῶνος ἐνόσσευσεν καὶ μετὰ τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτῶν ἐμπιστευθήσεται
Among human beings she nested an eternal foundation, and with their offspring she will be entrusted.
Wisdom's indwelling presence is elaborated as an enduring foundation among human beings and their offspring.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀνθρώπωνof human beingsN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνθρώπων: lexical item rendered 'of human beings' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
θεμέλιονfoundationN2N ASM · θεμέλιονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationθεμέλιον: lexical item rendered 'foundation' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αἰῶνοςof eternityN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationαἰῶνος: lexical item rendered 'of eternity' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐνόσσευσενnestedVAI AAI3S · νοσσεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐνόσσευσεν: verbal form rendered 'nested' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
σπέρματοςof offspringN3M GSN · σπέρμαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσπέρματος: lexical item rendered 'of offspring' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: pronominal form rendered 'of them' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐμπιστευθήσεταιwill be entrustedVC FPI3S · πιστεύω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐμπιστευθήσεται: verbal form rendered 'will be entrusted' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
16
πλησμονὴ σοφίας φοβεῖσθαι τὸν κύριον καὶ μεθύσκει αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῆς
The fullness of wisdom is to fear the Lord, and she intoxicates them with her fruits.
Fear of the Lord is restated as the fullness of wisdom, now pictured as an abundance that satisfies and overwhelms.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πλησμονὴfullnessN1 NSF · πλησμονήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλησμονὴ: lexical item rendered 'fullness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφίας: lexical item rendered 'of wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φοβεῖσθαιto fearV2 PMN · φοβέωinfinitive expressing the action or aim of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceφοβεῖσθαι: verbal form rendered 'to fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκύριον: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μεθύσκειintoxicatesV1 PAI3S · μεθύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceμεθύσκει: verbal form rendered 'intoxicates' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: pronominal form rendered 'them' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
καρπῶνfruitsN2 GPM · καρπόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκαρπῶν: lexical item rendered 'fruits' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'of her' with reference set by the immediate context.
17
πάντα τὸν οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐμπλήσει ἐπιθυμημάτων καὶ τὰ ἀποδοχεῖα ἀπὸ τῶν γενημάτων αὐτῆς
She will fill all their house with desirable things, and the storehouses with her produce.
The image of fullness yields concrete household abundance as wisdom's fruit.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπάντα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationοἶκον: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: pronominal form rendered 'of them' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐμπλήσειwill fillVF FAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐμπλήσει: verbal form rendered 'will fill' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐπιθυμημάτωνdesirable thingsN3M GPN · ἐπιθύμημαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἐπιθυμημάτων: lexical item rendered 'desirable things' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀποδοχεῖαstorehousesN2N APN · ἀποδοχεῖονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀποδοχεῖα: lexical item rendered 'storehouses' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
γενημάτωνproduceN3M GPN · γένημαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγενημάτων: lexical item rendered 'produce' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'of her' with reference set by the immediate context.
18
στέφανος σοφίας φόβος κυρίου ἀναθάλλων εἰρήνην καὶ ὑγίειαν ἰάσεως
The crown of wisdom is fear of the Lord, making peace and the health of healing flourish.
Fear of the Lord is named once more as wisdom's crown, crowned by peace and healing.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
στέφανοςcrownN2 NSM · στέφανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστέφανος: lexical item rendered 'crown' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφίας: lexical item rendered 'of wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἀναθάλλωνmaking flourishV1 · παπνσμ θάλλω + ἀναparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀναθάλλων: verbal form rendered 'making flourish' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationεἰρήνην: lexical item rendered 'peace' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὑγίειανhealthN1A ASF · ὑγίειαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὑγίειαν: lexical item rendered 'health' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἰάσεωςof healingN3I GSF · ἴασιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἰάσεως: lexical item rendered 'of healing' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
19
καὶ εἶδεν καὶ ἐξηρίθμησεν αὐτήν ἐπιστήμην καὶ γνῶσιν συνέσεως ἐξώμβρησεν καὶ δόξαν κρατούντων αὐτῆς ἀνύψωσεν
He saw her and numbered her; he rained down knowledge and understanding, and he exalted the glory of those who hold her fast.
The Lord's measured bestowal of wisdom is revisited to show that knowledge, understanding, and honor all descend from him.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeεἶδεν: verbal form rendered 'saw' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐξηρίθμησενnumberedVAI AAI3S · ἀριθμέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐξηρίθμησεν: verbal form rendered 'numbered' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτήν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐπιστήμηνknowledgeN1 ASF · ἐπιστήμηaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἐπιστήμην: lexical item rendered 'knowledge' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσιν: lexical item rendered 'knowledge' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
συνέσεωςof understandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσυνέσεως: lexical item rendered 'of understanding' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐξώμβρησενrained downVAI AAI3S · ὀμβρέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐξώμβρησεν: verbal form rendered 'rained down' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόξαν: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κρατούντωνof those holding fastV2 · παπγπμ κρατέωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextκρατούντων: verbal form rendered 'of those holding fast' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'of her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀνύψωσενexaltedVAI AAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀνύψωσεν: verbal form rendered 'exalted' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
20
ῥίζα σοφίας φοβεῖσθαι τὸν κύριον καὶ οἱ κλάδοι αὐτῆς μακροημέρευσις
The root of wisdom is to fear the Lord, and her branches are length of days.
The sequence is gathered into one concise image: fear of the Lord is wisdom's root, and enduring life her branches.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ῥίζαrootN1S NSF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥίζα: lexical item rendered 'root' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφίας: lexical item rendered 'of wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φοβεῖσθαιto fearV2 PMN · φοβέωinfinitive expressing the action or aim of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceφοβεῖσθαι: verbal form rendered 'to fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκύριον: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κλάδοιbranchesN2 NPM · κλάδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκλάδοι: lexical item rendered 'branches' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'of her' with reference set by the immediate context.
μακροημέρευσιςlength of daysN3I NSF · μακροημέρευσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακροημέρευσις: lexical item rendered 'length of days' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
22
οὐ δυνήσεται θυμὸς ἄδικος δικαιωθῆναι ἡ γὰρ ῥοπὴ τοῦ θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ πτῶσις αὐτῷ
Unrighteous anger cannot be justified, for the tilt of its anger is its downfall.
Turns from praise to warning by exposing unjust anger as self-defeating and incapable of vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
δυνήσεταιwill be ableVF FMI3S · δύναμαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultδυνήσεται: verbal form rendered 'will be able' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
θυμὸςangerN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμὸς: lexical item rendered 'anger' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἄδικοςunrighteousA1B NSM · ἄδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄδικος: lexical item rendered 'unrighteous' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
δικαιωθῆναιto be justifiedVC APN · δικαιόωinfinitive expressing the action or aim of the clause→ infinitival verbal ideaδικαιωθῆναι: verbal form rendered 'to be justified' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
ῥοπὴtiltN1 NSF · ῥοπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥοπὴ: lexical item rendered 'tilt' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
θυμοῦof angerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationθυμοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of anger' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
πτῶσιςfallN3I NSF · πτῶσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτῶσις: lexical item rendered 'fall' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῷfor himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'for him' with reference set by the immediate context.
23
ἕως καιροῦ ἀνθέξεται μακρόθυμος καὶ ὕστερον αὐτῷ ἀναδώσει εὐφροσύνη
Until the appointed time the patient person will endure, and afterward gladness will be returned to him.
Against destructive anger stands the patient person who endures until the right time and then receives joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: preposition rendered 'until' and governing its phrase in this context.
καιροῦthe appointed timeN2 GSM · καιρόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκαιροῦ: lexical item rendered 'the appointed time' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἀνθέξεταιwill endureVF FMI3S · ἔχω + ἀντιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἀνθέξεται: verbal form rendered 'will endure' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
μακρόθυμοςthe patient oneA1B NSM · μακρόθυμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακρόθυμος: lexical item rendered 'the patient one' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὕστερονafterwardN2N NSN · ὕστεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕστερον: lexical item rendered 'afterward' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῷfor himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'for him' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀναδώσειwill repayVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἀναδώσει: verbal form rendered 'will repay' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: lexical item rendered 'gladness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
24
ἕως καιροῦ κρύψει τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ καὶ χείλη πολλῶν ἐκδιηγήσεται σύνεσιν αὐτοῦ
Until the appointed time he will hide his words, and the lips of many will recount his understanding.
Patient wisdom includes restraint in speech, with understanding disclosed publicly only in its proper season.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: preposition rendered 'until' and governing its phrase in this context.
καιροῦthe appointed timeN2 GSM · καιρόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκαιροῦ: lexical item rendered 'the appointed time' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κρύψειwill hideVF FAI3S · κρύπτωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκρύψει: verbal form rendered 'will hide' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationλόγους: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείλη: lexical item rendered 'lips' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
πολλῶνof manyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπολλῶν: lexical item rendered 'of many' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐκδιηγήσεταιwill recount fullyVF FMI3S · ἡγέομαι + ἐκ + διαfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐκδιηγήσεται: verbal form rendered 'will recount fully' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσύνεσιν: lexical item rendered 'understanding' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
25
ἐν θησαυροῖς σοφίας παραβολαὶ ἐπιστήμης βδέλυγμα δὲ ἁμαρτωλῷ θεοσέβεια
In the treasuries of wisdom are parables of knowledge, but godliness is an abomination to a sinner.
The saying contrasts wisdom's rich treasury with the sinner's revulsion toward true godliness.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
θησαυροῖςtreasuriesN2 DPM · θησαυρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceθησαυροῖς: lexical item rendered 'treasuries' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίαςof wisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσοφίας: lexical item rendered 'of wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
παραβολαὶparablesN1 NPF · παραβοληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαραβολαὶ: lexical item rendered 'parables' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐπιστήμηςof knowledgeN1 GSF · ἐπιστήμηgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἐπιστήμης: lexical item rendered 'of knowledge' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: lexical item rendered 'abomination' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
δὲbutX · δέadversative conjunction marking contrast→ discourse linkageδὲ: connective or conjunction rendered 'but' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἁμαρτωλῷto a sinnerA1B DSM · ἁμαρτωλόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτωλῷ: lexical item rendered 'to a sinner' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
θεοσέβειαgodlinessN1A NSF · θεοσεβείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεοσέβεια: lexical item rendered 'godliness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
26
ἐπιθυμήσας σοφίαν διατήρησον ἐντολάς καὶ κύριος χορηγήσει σοι αὐτήν
If you desire wisdom, keep the commandments, and the Lord will supply her to you.
The practical path to wisdom is stated directly: desire must take the form of commandment-keeping under the Lord's gift.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐπιθυμήσαςhaving desiredVA · ααπνσμ θυμέω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐπιθυμήσας: verbal form rendered 'having desired' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσοφίαν: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
διατήρησονkeepVA AAD2S · τηρέω + διαverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeδιατήρησον: verbal form rendered 'keep' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐντολάςcommandmentsN1A APF · ἐντολήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἐντολάς: lexical item rendered 'commandments' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
χορηγήσειwill supplyVF FAI3S · χορηγέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultχορηγήσει: verbal form rendered 'will supply' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestσοι: pronominal form rendered 'to you' with reference set by the immediate context.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτήν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
27
σοφία γὰρ καὶ παιδεία φόβος κυρίου καὶ ἡ εὐδοκία αὐτοῦ πίστις καὶ πραότης
For wisdom and instruction are fear of the Lord, and his good pleasure is faith and gentleness.
The reason for that exhortation is that wisdom, instruction, faith, and gentleness all belong within the Lord's favoring fear.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
παιδείαinstructionN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: lexical item rendered 'instruction' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
εὐδοκίαgood pleasureN1A NSF · εὐδοκίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐδοκία: lexical item rendered 'good pleasure' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
πίστιςfaithN3I NSF · πίστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπίστις: lexical item rendered 'faith' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
πραότηςgentlenessN3T NSF · πραότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπραότης: lexical item rendered 'gentleness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
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μὴ ἀπειθήσῃς φόβῳ κυρίου καὶ μὴ προσέλθῃς αὐτῷ ἐν καρδίᾳ δισσῇ
Do not disobey the fear of the Lord, and do not come to him with a divided heart.
The closing admonitions begin by forbidding both disobedience and divided-hearted approach to the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἀπειθήσῃςdisobeyVA AAS2S · ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀπειθήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'disobey' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceφόβῳ: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
προσέλθῃςcome nearVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπροσέλθῃς: verbal form rendered 'come near' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
αὐτῷfor himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'for him' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκαρδίᾳ: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
δισσῇdoubleA1 DSF · δισσόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceδισσῇ: lexical item rendered 'double' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
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μὴ ὑποκριθῇς ἐν στόμασιν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἐν τοῖς χείλεσίν σου πρόσεχε
Do not play the hypocrite before people, and keep watch over your lips.
The warning sharpens into a ban on public hypocrisy and careless speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ὑποκριθῇςplay the hypocriteVC APS2S · κρίνω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeὑποκριθῇς: verbal form rendered 'play the hypocrite' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
στόμασινbefore mouthsN3M DPN · στόμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceστόμασιν: lexical item rendered 'before mouths' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἀνθρώπωνof human beingsN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνθρώπων: lexical item rendered 'of human beings' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῖςto theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
χείλεσίνlipsN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceχείλεσίν: lexical item rendered 'lips' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
πρόσεχεpay attentionV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπρόσεχε: verbal form rendered 'pay attention' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
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μὴ ἐξύψου σεαυτόν ἵνα μὴ πέσῃς καὶ ἐπαγάγῃς τῇ ψυχῇ σου ἀτιμίαν καὶ ἀποκαλύψει κύριος τὰ κρυπτά σου καὶ ἐν μέσῳ συναγωγῆς καταβαλεῖ σε ὅτι οὐ προσῆλθες φόβῳ κυρίου καὶ ἡ καρδία σου πλήρης δόλου
Do not exalt yourself, lest you fall and bring dishonor upon your soul, and the Lord reveal your secrets and cast you down in the midst of the assembly, because you did not come in the fear of the Lord and your heart is full of deceit.
The final sentence exposes the end of pride and deceit: the Lord uncovers secrets and humiliates the double-hearted before the assembly.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
ἐξύψουexalt yourselfV4 PMD2S · ὑψόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐξύψου: verbal form rendered 'exalt yourself' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σεαυτόνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσεαυτόν: pronominal form rendered 'yourself' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἵναlestC · ἵναsubordinating conjunction marking purpose or prevention→ discourse linkageἵνα: connective or conjunction rendered 'lest' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
πέσῃςyou fallVA AAS2S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπέσῃς: verbal form rendered 'you fall' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐπαγάγῃςbring uponVB AAS2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐπαγάγῃς: verbal form rendered 'bring upon' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τῇyourRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'your' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceψυχῇ: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀτιμίανdishonorN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμίαν: lexical item rendered 'dishonor' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀποκαλύψειwill revealVF FAI3S · καλύπτω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἀποκαλύψει: verbal form rendered 'will reveal' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κρυπτάsecret thingsA1 APN · κρυπτόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρυπτά: lexical item rendered 'secret things' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμέσῳ: lexical item rendered 'midst' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
συναγωγῆςof the assemblyN1 GSF · συναγωγήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationσυναγωγῆς: lexical item rendered 'of the assembly' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καταβαλεῖwill cast downVF2 FAI3S · βάλλω + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκαταβαλεῖ: verbal form rendered 'will cast down' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσε: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'because' in this chapter's argument flow.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
προσῆλθεςyou came nearVBI AAI2S · ἔρχομαι + προςfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπροσῆλθες: verbal form rendered 'you came near' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceφόβῳ: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction linking the clause or sequence→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
πλήρηςfullA3H NSF · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: lexical item rendered 'full' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.
δόλουof deceitN2 GSM · δόλοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationδόλου: lexical item rendered 'of deceit' in this chapter's wisdom instruction.