1
ὁ ζῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἔκτισεν τὰ πάντα κοινῇ
He who lives forever created all things together.
The opening line grounds the chapter in the everlasting Creator whose comprehensive work frames all later counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ζῶνone livingV3 · παπνσμ ζάωparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseζάω: lexical item rendered 'one living' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'unto' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalαἰών: lexical item rendered 'age' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔκτισενcreatedVAI AAI3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeκτίζω: lexical item rendered 'created' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πάνταall thingsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all things' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κοινῇtogetherA1 DSF · κοινόςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceκοινός: lexical item rendered 'together' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
2
κύριος μόνος δικαιωθήσεται
The Lord alone will be vindicated.
God's uniqueness is sharpened from creation to moral rightness: he alone stands justified.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκύριος: “Lord”; divine title marking God as creator, judge, merciful ruler, and the proper object of reverent response.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceμόνος: lexical item rendered 'alone' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δικαιωθήσεταιwill be vindicatedVC FPI3S · δικαιόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeδικαιόω: lexical item rendered 'will be vindicated' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
4
οὐθενὶ ἐξεποίησεν ἐξαγγεῖλαι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ καὶ τίς ἐξιχνεύσει τὰ μεγαλεῖα αὐτοῦ
He empowered no one to declare his works, and who will trace out his mighty deeds?
Human speech cannot exhaust what God has done or follow out the scale of his acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐθενὶto no oneA3 DSM · οὐδείςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceοὐδείς: lexical item rendered 'to no one' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξεποίησενhe empoweredVAI AAI3S · ποιέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeποιέω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'he empowered' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξαγγεῖλαιto declareVA AAN · ἀγγέλλω + ἐκinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἀγγέλλω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'to declare' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔργον: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'who?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξιχνεύσειwill trace outVF FAI3S · ἰχνεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeἰχνεύω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'will trace out' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μεγαλεῖαmighty deedsA1A APN · μεγαλεῖοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalμεγαλεῖος: lexical item rendered 'mighty deeds' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
5
κράτος μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ τίς ἐξαριθμήσεται καὶ τίς προσθήσει ἐκδιηγήσασθαι τὰ ἐλέη αὐτοῦ
Who can number the might of his majesty, and who can further recount his mercies?
Power and mercy alike overflow human reckoning, so even praise remains partial.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κράτοςthe mightN3E ASN · κράτοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκράτος: lexical item rendered 'the might' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μεγαλωσύνηςof majestyN1 GSF · μεγαλωσύνηgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationμεγαλωσύνη: lexical item rendered 'of majesty' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'who?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξαριθμήσεταιwill be numberedVF FMI3S · ἀριθμέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeἀριθμέω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'will be numbered' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'who?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
προσθήσειwill addVF FAI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeτίθημι + προς: lexical item rendered 'will add' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐκδιηγήσασθαιto recount fullyVA AMN · ἡγέομαι + ἐκ + διαinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseἡγέομαι + ἐκ + δια: lexical item rendered 'to recount fully' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐλέηmerciesN3E APN · ἔλεοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔλεος: “mercy”; compassionate action that in Sirach extends from neighborly care to God’s corrective pity over all flesh.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
6
οὐκ ἔστιν ἐλαττῶσαι οὐδὲ προσθεῖναι καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐξιχνιάσαι τὰ θαυμάσια τοῦ κυρίου
There is no diminishing and no adding, and it is impossible to trace out the wonders of the Lord.
God's marvelous works neither need correction nor yield to investigation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐλαττῶσαιto diminishVA AAN · ἐλαττόωinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἐλαττόω: lexical item rendered 'to diminish' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageοὐδέ: lexical item rendered 'nor' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
προσθεῖναιto addVE AAN · τίθημι + προςinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeτίθημι + προς: lexical item rendered 'to add' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'there is' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξιχνιάσαιto trace outVA AAN · ἰχνιάζω + ἐκinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἰχνιάζω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'to trace out' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
θαυμάσιαwondersA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalθαυμάσιος: lexical item rendered 'wonders' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὁ: lexical item rendered 'of the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; divine title marking God as creator, judge, merciful ruler, and the proper object of reverent response.
7
ὅταν συντελέσῃ ἄνθρωπος τότε ἄρχεται καὶ ὅταν παύσηται τότε ἀπορηθήσεται
When a human being has finished, then he begins, and when he stops, then he is bewildered.
Mortal endeavor never masters the whole; ending one effort only exposes how much remains unclear.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionὅταν: lexical item rendered 'when' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
συντελέσῃfinishesVA AAS3S · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeτελέω + συν: lexical item rendered 'finishes' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἄνθρωποςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἄνθρωπος: “human being”; a recurring term for mortal frailty, moral responsibility, and creaturely limitation.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionτότε: lexical item rendered 'then' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἄρχεταιhe beginsV1 PMI3S · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἄρχω: lexical item rendered 'he begins' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionὅταν: lexical item rendered 'when' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
παύσηταιhe stopsVA AMS3S · παύωparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseπαύω: lexical item rendered 'he stops' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionτότε: lexical item rendered 'then' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀπορηθήσεταιhe will be at a lossVC FPI3S · ἀπορέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeἀπορέω: lexical item rendered 'he will be at a loss' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
8
τί ἄνθρωπος καὶ τί ἡ χρῆσις αὐτοῦ τί τὸ ἀγαθὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ τί τὸ κακὸν αὐτοῦ
What is a human being, and what use is he? What is his good, and what is his evil?
Turns from God's immensity to a searching evaluation of human significance and moral range.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἄνθρωποςis manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἄνθρωπος: “human being”; a recurring term for mortal frailty, moral responsibility, and creaturely limitation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
χρῆσιςuseN3I NSF · χρῆσιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceχρῆσις: lexical item rendered 'use' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 NSN · ἀγαθόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κακὸνevilA1 NSN · κακόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκακός: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
9
ἀριθμὸς ἡμερῶν ἀνθρώπου πολλὰ ἔτη ἑκατόν
The number of a man's days is a hundred years at most.
Human life is deliberately measured and short, even when reckoned generously.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἀριθμὸςthe numberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀριθμός: lexical item rendered 'the number' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἡμερῶνof daysN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'of days' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀνθρώπουof manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἄνθρωπος: “human being”; a recurring term for mortal frailty, moral responsibility, and creaturely limitation.
πολλὰmanyA1 NPN · πολύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἔτος: lexical item rendered 'years' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἑκατόνa hundredM · ἑκατόνadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionἑκατόν: lexical item rendered 'a hundred' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
10
ὡς σταγὼν ὕδατος ἀπὸ θαλάσσης καὶ ψῆφος ἄμμου οὕτως ὀλίγα ἔτη ἐν ἡμέρᾳ αἰῶνος
Like a drop of water from the sea and a grain of sand, so are a few years in a day of eternity.
A vivid proportion compares human lifespan to eternity and thereby relativizes mortal pride.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σταγὼνa dropN3N NSF · σταγώνnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceσταγών: lexical item rendered 'a drop' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὕδατοςof waterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'of water' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
θαλάσσηςthe seaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationθάλασσα: lexical item rendered 'the sea' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ψῆφοςa grainN2 NSF · ψῆφοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceψῆφος: lexical item rendered 'a grain' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἄμμουof sandN2 GSF · ἄμμοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἄμμος: lexical item rendered 'of sand' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'so' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὀλίγαfewA1 NPN · ὀλίγοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceὀλίγος: lexical item rendered 'few' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἔτος: lexical item rendered 'years' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἡμέρᾳa dayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'a day' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αἰῶνοςof eternityN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαἰών: lexical item rendered 'of eternity' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
11
διὰ τοῦτο ἐμακροθύμησεν κύριος ἐπ' αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐξέχεεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ
Therefore the Lord was patient with them and poured out his mercy upon them.
Because human life is so slight, divine long-suffering becomes an act of fitting mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'because of' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐμακροθύμησενhe was patientVAI AAI3S · μακροθυμέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeμακροθυμέω: lexical item rendered 'he was patient' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκύριος: “Lord”; divine title marking God as creator, judge, merciful ruler, and the proper object of reverent response.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξέχεενhe poured outV2I IAI3S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseχέω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'he poured out' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔλεος: “mercy”; compassionate action that in Sirach extends from neighborly care to God’s corrective pity over all flesh.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
12
εἶδεν καὶ ἐπέγνω τὴν καταστροφὴν αὐτῶν ὅτι πονηρά διὰ τοῦτο ἐπλήθυνεν τὸν ἐξιλασμὸν αὐτοῦ
He saw and recognized that their ruin was grievous; therefore he multiplied his atonement.
Divine compassion is not naive: God sees the depth of human collapse and answers it with increased expiation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἶδενhe sawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeὁράω: lexical item rendered 'he saw' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπέγνωrecognizedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'recognized' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καταστροφὴνruinN1 ASF · καταστροφήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκαταστροφή: lexical item rendered 'ruin' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of them' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageὅτι: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πονηράit was grievousA1A NPN · πονηρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπονηρός: lexical item rendered 'it was grievous' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'because of' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπλήθυνενhe multipliedVAI AAI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeπληθύνω: lexical item rendered 'he multiplied' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξιλασμὸνatonementN2 ASM · ἐξιλασμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἐξιλασμός: lexical item rendered 'atonement' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
13
ἔλεος ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἔλεος δὲ κυρίου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα ἐλέγχων καὶ παιδεύων καὶ διδάσκων καὶ ἐπιστρέφων ὡς ποιμὴν τὸ ποίμνιον αὐτοῦ
A human being's mercy is for his neighbor, but the Lord's mercy is upon all flesh, reproving and disciplining and teaching and turning them back, like a shepherd his flock.
Human compassion is local, but divine mercy ranges over all flesh and includes corrective care.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἔλεος: “mercy”; compassionate action that in Sirach extends from neighborly care to God’s corrective pity over all flesh.
ἀνθρώπουof a manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἄνθρωπος: “human being”; a recurring term for mortal frailty, moral responsibility, and creaturely limitation.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionπλησίον: lexical item rendered 'neighbor' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔλεος: “mercy”; compassionate action that in Sirach extends from neighborly care to God’s corrective pity over all flesh.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; divine title marking God as creator, judge, merciful ruler, and the proper object of reverent response.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σάρκαfleshN3K ASF · σάρξaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσάρξ: lexical item rendered 'flesh' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐλέγχωνreprovingV1 · παπνσμ ἐλέγχωparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseἐλέγχω: lexical item rendered 'reproving' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
παιδεύωνdiscipliningV1 · παπνσμ παιδεύωparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseπαιδεύω: lexical item rendered 'disciplining' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
διδάσκωνteachingV1 · παπνσμ διδάσκωparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseδιδάσκω: lexical item rendered 'teaching' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπιστρέφωνturning backV1 · παπνσμ στρέφω + ἐπιparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseπαπνσμ στρέφω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'turning back' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageὡς: lexical item rendered 'as' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ποιμὴνa shepherdN3 NSM · ποιμήνnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceποιμήν: lexical item rendered 'a shepherd' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ποίμνιονflockN2 ASN · ποίμνιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalποίμνιον: lexical item rendered 'flock' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
14
τοὺς ἐκδεχομένους παιδείαν ἐλεᾷ καὶ τοὺς κατασπεύδοντας ἐπὶ τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ
He has mercy on those who receive instruction and on those who eagerly hasten toward his judgments.
Those who welcome correction rather than resist it become the proper objects of divine pity.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τοὺςthoseRA APM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'those' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐκδεχομένουςawaitingV1 · πμπαπμ δέχομαι + ἐκparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseπμπαπμ δέχομαι + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'awaiting' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
παιδείανinstructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπαιδεία: lexical item rendered 'instruction' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐλεᾷhe has mercy onV3 PAI3S · ἐλεάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionἐλεάω: lexical item rendered 'he has mercy on' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τοὺςthoseRA APM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'those' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κατασπεύδονταςhastening eagerlyV1 · παπαπμ σπεύδω + καταparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseπαπαπμ σπεύδω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'hastening eagerly' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπὶtowardP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'toward' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κρίματαjudgmentsN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκρίμα: lexical item rendered 'judgments' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of him' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
15
τέκνον ἐν ἀγαθοῖς μὴ δῷς μῶμον καὶ ἐν πάσῃ δόσει λύπην λόγων
My child, with your good deeds do not add blame, nor with any gift grief from your words.
Beneficence should not be spoiled by reproachful speech or humiliating tone.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονsubstantival or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ local syntactic contributionτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'child' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀγαθοῖςgood thingsA1 DPN · ἀγαθόςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeδίδωμι: lexical item rendered 'give' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μῶμονblameN2 ASM · μῶμοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalμῶμος: lexical item rendered 'blame' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πάσῃeveryA1S DSF · πᾶςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δόσειgiftN3I DSF · δόσιςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceδόσις: lexical item rendered 'gift' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
λύπηνgriefN1 ASF · λύπηaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalλύπη: lexical item rendered 'grief' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
λόγωνof wordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationλόγος: “word”; speech considered for its timing, moral force, and ability either to heal or to humiliate.
16
οὐχὶ καύσωνα ἀναπαύσει δρόσος οὕτως κρείσσων λόγος ἢ δόσις
Does not dew relieve the heat? So a word is better than a gift.
A timely word cools distress the way dew cools scorching heat, making speech sometimes superior to material aid.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐχὶdoes not?D · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'does not?' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καύσωναheatN3W ASM · καύσωνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκαύσων: lexical item rendered 'heat' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀναπαύσειrefreshN3I DSF · ἀνάπαυσιςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἀνάπαυσις: lexical item rendered 'refresh' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δρόσοςdewN2 NSF · δρόσοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδρόσος: lexical item rendered 'dew' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'so' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκρείσσων: lexical item rendered 'better' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
λόγοςa wordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceλόγος: “word”; speech considered for its timing, moral force, and ability either to heal or to humiliate.
ἢthanC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageἤ: lexical item rendered 'than' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δόσιςa giftN3I NSF · δόσιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδόσις: lexical item rendered 'a gift' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
17
οὐκ ἰδοὺ λόγος ὑπὲρ δόμα ἀγαθόν καὶ ἀμφότερα παρὰ ἀνδρὶ κεχαριτωμένῳ
See, is not a word better than a good gift? Yet both belong with a gracious person.
Sirach prefers fitting speech but finally commends the person whose generosity joins deed and manner.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
λόγοςa wordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceλόγος: “word”; speech considered for its timing, moral force, and ability either to heal or to humiliate.
ὑπὲρbetter thanP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingὑπέρ: lexical item rendered 'better than' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δόμαa giftN3M NSN · δόμαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδόμα: lexical item rendered 'a gift' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀγαθόνgoodA1 NSN · ἀγαθόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀμφότεραbothA1A NPN · ἀμφότεροιnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἀμφότεροι: lexical item rendered 'both' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
παρὰwithP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπαρά: lexical item rendered 'with' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀνδρὶa manN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κεχαριτωμένῳgraciousVM · χμπδσμ χαριτόομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseχαριτόομαι: lexical item rendered 'gracious' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
18
μωρὸς ἀχαρίστως ὀνειδιεῖ καὶ δόσις βασκάνου ἐκτήκει ὀφθαλμούς
A fool will reproach ungraciously, and the gift of an envious person makes the eyes waste away.
The opposite of gracious generosity is the resentful giver whose gift wounds instead of helping.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μωρὸςa foolA1A NSM · μωρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceμωρός: lexical item rendered 'a fool' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀχαρίστωςungraciouslyD · ἀχαρίστωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionἀχαρίστως: lexical item rendered 'ungraciously' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὀνειδιεῖwill reproachVF2 FAI3S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeὀνειδίζω: lexical item rendered 'will reproach' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δόσιςa giftN3I NSF · δόσιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceδόσις: lexical item rendered 'a gift' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
βασκάνουof an envious manN2 GSM · βάσκανοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationβάσκανος: lexical item rendered 'of an envious man' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐκτήκειwears awayV1 PAI3S · τήκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionτήκω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'wears away' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
19
πρὶν ἢ λαλῆσαι μάνθανε καὶ πρὸ ἀρρωστίας θεραπεύου
Before you speak, learn, and before sickness, seek treatment.
Preparedness belongs both to speech and to bodily life; wisdom acts before crisis ripens.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionπρίν: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἢthanD · ἤadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionἤ: lexical item rendered 'than' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
λαλῆσαιto speakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeλαλέω: lexical item rendered 'to speak' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μάνθανεlearnV1 PAD2S · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseμανθάνω: lexical item rendered 'learn' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπρό: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀρρωστίαςsicknessN1A GSF · ἀρρωστίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἀρρωστία: lexical item rendered 'sickness' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
θεραπεύουseek treatmentV1 PMD2S · θεραπεύωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseθεραπεύω: lexical item rendered 'seek treatment' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
20
πρὸ κρίσεως ἐξέταζε σεαυτόν καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ἐπισκοπῆς εὑρήσεις ἐξιλασμόν
Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of visitation you will find atonement.
Self-scrutiny before divine scrutiny opens the way to mercy rather than exposure.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπρό: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κρίσεωςjudgmentN3I GSF · κρίσιςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκρίσις: lexical item rendered 'judgment' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξέταζεexamineV1 PAD2S · ἐτάζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseἐτάζω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'examine' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σεαυτόνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσεαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'yourself' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὥρᾳan hourN1A DSF · ὥραdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceὥρα: lexical item rendered 'an hour' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπισκοπῆςof visitationN1 GSF · ἐπισκοπήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐπισκοπή: lexical item rendered 'of visitation' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὑρήσειςyou will findVF FAI2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeεὑρίσκω: lexical item rendered 'you will find' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξιλασμόνatonementN2 ASM · ἐξιλασμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἐξιλασμός: lexical item rendered 'atonement' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
21
πρὶν ἀρρωστῆσαί σε ταπεινώθητι καὶ ἐν καιρῷ ἁμαρτημάτων δεῖξον ἐπιστροφήν
Before you become sick, humble yourself, and in a time of sins show repentance.
Repentance should precede collapse; humility is wisdom's early response to sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionπρίν: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀρρωστῆσαίto become sickVA AAN · ἀρρωστέωinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeἀρρωστέω: lexical item rendered 'to become sick' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ταπεινώθητιbe humbledVC APD2S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseταπεινόω: lexical item rendered 'be humbled' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καιρῷa timeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'a time' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἁμαρτημάτωνof sinsN3M GPN · ἁμάρτημαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἁμάρτημα: lexical item rendered 'of sins' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δεῖξονshowVA AAD2S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseδεικνύω: lexical item rendered 'show' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπιστροφήνrepentanceN1 ASF · ἐπιστροφήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἐπιστροφή: lexical item rendered 'repentance' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
22
μὴ ἐμποδισθῇς τοῦ ἀποδοῦναι εὐχὴν εὐκαίρως καὶ μὴ μείνῃς ἕως θανάτου δικαιωθῆναι
Do not be hindered from paying a vow at the proper time, and do not wait until death to be vindicated.
Delayed obedience is dangerous; vows and reconciliation belong to the present, not the deathbed.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐμποδισθῇςbe hinderedVS APS2S · ποδίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseποδίζω + ἐν: lexical item rendered 'be hindered' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τοῦfrom theRA GSN · ὁgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὁ: lexical item rendered 'from the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀποδοῦναιto payVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἀποinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeδίδωμι + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'to pay' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὐχὴνa vowN1 ASF · εὐχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalεὐχή: lexical item rendered 'a vow' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὐκαίρωςseasonablyD · εὐκαίρωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionεὐκαίρως: lexical item rendered 'seasonably' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μείνῃςremainVA AAS2S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeμένω: lexical item rendered 'remain' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἕως: lexical item rendered 'until' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationθάνατος: lexical item rendered 'death' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δικαιωθῆναιto be justifiedVC APN · δικαιόωinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseδικαιόω: lexical item rendered 'to be justified' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
23
πρὶν εὔξασθαι ἑτοίμασον σεαυτὸν καὶ μὴ γίνου ὡς ἄνθρωπος πειράζων τὸν κύριον
Before you pray, prepare yourself, and do not become like one who tests the Lord.
Prayer must come with moral readiness rather than manipulative presumption.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionπρίν: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὔξασθαιto prayVA AMN · εὔχομαιinfinitive expressing the verbal idea in dependent form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseεὔχομαι: lexical item rendered 'to pray' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἑτοίμασονprepareVA AAD2S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseἑτοιμάζω: lexical item rendered 'prepare' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσεαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'yourself' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
γίνουbecomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseγίγνομαι: lexical item rendered 'become' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageὡς: lexical item rendered 'like' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἄνθρωποςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἄνθρωπος: “human being”; a recurring term for mortal frailty, moral responsibility, and creaturely limitation.
πειράζωνtestingV1 · παπνσμ πειράζωparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseπειράζω: lexical item rendered 'testing' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκύριος: “Lord”; divine title marking God as creator, judge, merciful ruler, and the proper object of reverent response.
24
μνήσθητι θυμοῦ ἐν ἡμέραις τελευτῆς καὶ καιρὸν ἐκδικήσεως ἐν ἀποστροφῇ προσώπου
Remember wrath in days of ending, and a time of vengeance when the face is turned away.
Meditation on death and judgment steadies conduct in the present.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseμιμνήσκω: lexical item rendered 'remember' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
θυμοῦwrathN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationθυμός: lexical item rendered 'wrath' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τελευτῆςof endingN1 GSF · τελευτήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationτελευτή: lexical item rendered 'of ending' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καιρὸνa timeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'a time' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐκδικήσεωςof vengeanceN3I GSF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐκδίκησις: lexical item rendered 'of vengeance' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀποστροφῇturning awayN1 DSF · ἀποστροφήdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἀποστροφή: lexical item rendered 'turning away' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
προσώπουof faceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'of face' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
25
μνήσθητι καιρὸν λιμοῦ ἐν καιρῷ πλησμονῆς πτωχείαν καὶ ἔνδειαν ἐν ἡμέραις πλούτου
Remember a time of famine in a time of plenty, poverty and need in days of wealth.
Abundance should be tempered by memory of reversal, keeping prosperity from breeding arrogance.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseμιμνήσκω: lexical item rendered 'remember' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καιρὸνa timeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'a time' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
λιμοῦof famineN2 GSM · λιμόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationλιμός: lexical item rendered 'of famine' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καιρῷa timeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'a time' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πλησμονῆςof plentyN1 GSF · πλησμονήgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπλησμονή: lexical item rendered 'of plenty' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πτωχείανpovertyN1A ASF · πτωχείαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπτωχεία: lexical item rendered 'poverty' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔνδειανneedN1A ASF · ἔνδειαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἔνδεια: lexical item rendered 'need' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πλούτουof wealthN2 GSM · πλοῦτοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπλοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'of wealth' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
26
ἀπὸ πρωίθεν ἕως ἑσπέρας μεταβάλλει καιρός καὶ πάντα ἐστὶν ταχινὰ ἔναντι κυρίου
From morning to evening the season changes, and all things are swift before the Lord.
Change is constant and rapid under God's sight, so present conditions should never be absolutized.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πρωίθενmorningD · πρωίθενadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionπρωίθεν: lexical item rendered 'morning' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἕως: lexical item rendered 'until' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἑσπέραςeveningN1A GSF · ἑσπέραgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἑσπέρα: lexical item rendered 'evening' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μεταβάλλειchangesV1 PAI3S · βάλλω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionβάλλω + μετα: lexical item rendered 'changes' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καιρόςthe seasonN2 NSM · καιρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'the season' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πάνταall thingsA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all things' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐστὶνareV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'are' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ταχινὰswiftA1 NPN · ταχινόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceταχινός: lexical item rendered 'swift' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἔναντι: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κυρίουthe LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationκύριος: “Lord”; divine title marking God as creator, judge, merciful ruler, and the proper object of reverent response.
27
ἄνθρωπος σοφὸς ἐν παντὶ εὐλαβηθήσεται καὶ ἐν ἡμέραις ἁμαρτιῶν προσέξει ἀπὸ πλημμελείας
A wise person will be cautious in everything, and in days of sins will beware of transgression.
Wisdom expresses itself as reverent vigilance, especially when moral conditions are unstable.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἄνθρωποςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceἄνθρωπος: “human being”; a recurring term for mortal frailty, moral responsibility, and creaturely limitation.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceσοφός: lexical item rendered 'wise' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
παντὶeverythingA3 DSN · πᾶςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'everything' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὐλαβηθήσεταιwill be cautiousVC FPI3S · εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeεὐλαβέομαι: lexical item rendered 'will be cautious' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἁμαρτιῶνof sinsN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἁμαρτία: lexical item rendered 'of sins' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
προσέξειwill take heedVF FAI3S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeἔχω + προς: lexical item rendered 'will take heed' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πλημμελείαςtransgressionN1A GSF · πλημμέλειαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationπλημμέλεια: lexical item rendered 'transgression' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
28
πᾶς συνετὸς ἔγνω σοφίαν καὶ τῷ εὑρόντι αὐτὴν δώσει ἐξομολόγησιν
Every intelligent person has known wisdom, and the one who finds her will offer acknowledgment.
True discovery of wisdom leads not to self-display but to grateful confession.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πᾶςeveryA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
συνετὸςintelligent personA1 NSM · συνετόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceσυνετός: lexical item rendered 'intelligent person' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἔγνωknewVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: lexical item rendered 'knew' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσοφία: “wisdom”; in Sirach this is disciplined, God-oriented understanding expressed in teachable conduct and measured speech.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceὁ: lexical item rendered 'to the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὑρόντιone findingVB · ααπδσμ εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseεὑρίσκω: lexical item rendered 'one finding' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'her' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δώσειwill giveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeδίδωμι: lexical item rendered 'will give' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐξομολόγησινacknowledgmentN3I ASF · ἐξομολόγησιςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἐξομολόγησις: lexical item rendered 'acknowledgment' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
29
συνετοὶ ἐν λόγοις καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐσοφίσαντο καὶ ἀνώμβρησαν παροιμίας ἀκριβεῖς
Those who are intelligent in words have themselves become wise and have rained down precise proverbs.
Wise speech is pictured as fertile and exact, producing sayings that nourish others.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
συνετοὶthe intelligentA1 NPM · συνετόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceσυνετός: lexical item rendered 'the intelligent' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
λόγοιςwordsN2 DPM · λόγοςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceλόγος: “word”; speech considered for its timing, moral force, and ability either to heal or to humiliate.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτοὶthemselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'themselves' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐσοφίσαντοbecame wiseVAI AMI3P · σοφίζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseσοφίζω: lexical item rendered 'became wise' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀνώμβρησανrained forthVAI AAI3P · ὀμβρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeὀμβρέω + ἀνα: lexical item rendered 'rained forth' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
παροιμίαςproverbsN1A APF · παροιμίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalπαροιμία: lexical item rendered 'proverbs' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀκριβεῖςpreciseA3H APF · ἀκριβήςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἀκριβής: lexical item rendered 'precise' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
30
ὀπίσω τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν σου μὴ πορεύου καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ὀρέξεών σου κωλύου
Do not go after your desires, and restrain yourself from your cravings.
The unit now narrows to bodily appetite, insisting on deliberate refusal rather than passive drift.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὀπίσωafterD · ὀπίσωadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ local semantic contributionὀπίσω: lexical item rendered 'after' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπιθυμιῶνdesiresN1A GPF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐπιθυμία: lexical item rendered 'desires' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σουof youRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'of you' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πορεύουgoV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseπορεύομαι: lexical item rendered 'go' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ὀρέξεώνcravingsN3I GPF · ὄρεξιςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὄρεξις: lexical item rendered 'cravings' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σουof youRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'of you' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
κωλύουrestrain yourselfV1 PMD2S · κωλύωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseκωλύω: lexical item rendered 'restrain yourself' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
31
ἐὰν χορηγήσῃς τῇ ψυχῇ σου εὐδοκίαν ἐπιθυμίας ποιήσει σε ἐπίχαρμα τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου
If you supply your soul with what it desires, it will make you a delight to your enemies.
Self-indulgence finally turns a person into an object of mockery rather than satisfaction.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageἐάν: lexical item rendered 'if' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
χορηγήσῃςyou supplyVA AAS2S · χορηγέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a wholeχορηγέω: lexical item rendered 'you supply' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceὁ: lexical item rendered 'to the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceψυχή: “soul” or “self”; the inner life that can be disciplined, indulged, humbled, or exposed to mockery.
σουof youRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'of you' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὐδοκίανapprovalN1A ASF · εὐδοκίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalεὐδοκία: lexical item rendered 'approval' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπιθυμίαςof desireN1A GSF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐπιθυμία: lexical item rendered 'of desire' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ποιήσειit will makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future orientation or projected outcomeποιέω: lexical item rendered 'it will make' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπίχαρμαa delightN3M ASN · ἐπίχαρμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object focus or directional goalἐπίχαρμα: lexical item rendered 'a delight' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationὁ: lexical item rendered 'of the' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐχθρῶνenemiesA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemies' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σουof youRP GS · σύgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationσύ: lexical item rendered 'of you' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
32
μὴ εὐφραίνου ἐπὶ πολλῇ τρυφῇ μὴ προσδεθῇς συμβολῇ αὐτῆς
Do not rejoice over great luxury; do not become bound to its expense.
Lavish enjoyment easily becomes entanglement once its habits and costs take hold.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
εὐφραίνουrejoiceV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseεὐφραίνω: lexical item rendered 'rejoice' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'over' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πολλῇmuchA1 DSF · πολύςdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'much' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
τρυφῇluxuryN1 DSF · τρυφήdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceτρυφή: lexical item rendered 'luxury' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
προσδεθῇςbe boundVC APS2S · δέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseδέω + προς: lexical item rendered 'be bound' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
συμβολῇto the expenseN1 DSF · συμβολήdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceσυμβολή: lexical item rendered 'to the expense' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
αὐτῆςof itRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'of it' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
33
μὴ γίνου πτωχὸς συμβολοκοπῶν ἐκ δανεισμοῦ καὶ οὐδέν σοί ἐστιν ἐν μαρσιππίῳ
Do not become poor by feasting on borrowed funds when you have nothing in your purse.
The closing proverb makes appetite concrete: indulgence financed by debt ends in visible poverty.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the clause or prohibition→ negation or prohibitionμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
γίνουbecomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ local verbal contribution within the clauseγίγνομαι: lexical item rendered 'become' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
πτωχὸςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceπτωχός: lexical item rendered 'poor' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
συμβολοκοπῶνmaking banquet bargainsV2 · παπνσμ συμβολοκοπέωparticiple contributing action or state in adjectival or supplementary form→ local verbal contribution within the clauseσυμβολοκοπέω: lexical item rendered 'making banquet bargains' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
δανεισμοῦborrowingN2 GSM · δανεισμόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation, source, or possession→ qualification or source relationδανεισμός: lexical item rendered 'borrowing' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or contrasted items→ discourse linkageκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
οὐδένnothingA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or highlighted descriptor→ participant or predicate prominenceοὐδείς: lexical item rendered 'nothing' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
σοίto youRP DS · σύdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceσύ: lexical item rendered 'to you' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ present-state or ongoing assertionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.
μαρσιππίῳa purseN2N DSN · μαρσίππιονdative term marking sphere, means, association, or reference→ sphere, means, or referenceμαρσίππιον: lexical item rendered 'a purse' in this chapter's teaching on divine greatness, measured mercy, timely discipline, and self-restraint.