1
τίμα ἰατρὸν πρὸς τὰς χρείας αὐτοῦ τιμαῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔκτισεν κύριος
Honor a physician according to your need for him with the honors due him, for the Lord also created him.
The unit opens by honoring the physician because his vocation belongs to God's created order.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τίμαhonorV3 PAD2S · τιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτιμάω: meaning 'honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰατρὸνphysicianN2 ASM · ἰατρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰατρός: meaning 'physician'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρείαςofficesN1A APF · χρείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρεία: meaning 'offices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τιμαῖςhonorsN1 DPF · τιμήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτιμή: meaning 'honors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔκτισενcreatedVAI AAI3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
παρὰ γὰρ ὑψίστου ἐστὶν ἴασις καὶ παρὰ βασιλέως λήμψεται δόμα
For healing comes from the Most High, and from a king he will receive a gift.
Healing is traced upward to the Most High even while physicians receive public honor below.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λήμψεταιreceiveVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόμαas a giftN3M ASN · δόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόμα: meaning 'as a gift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ἐπιστήμη ἰατροῦ ἀνυψώσει κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔναντι μεγιστάνων θαυμασθήσεται
The physician's skill will lift up his head, and in the presence of great men he will be admired.
Medical skill earns visible esteem in high social settings.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐπιστήμηunderstanding / knowledgeN1 NSF · ἐπιστήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιστήμη: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰατροῦphysicianN2 GSM · ἰατρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰατρός: meaning 'physician'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνυψώσειwill lift upVF FAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'will lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεγιστάνωνnobles / great onesN3 GPM · μεγιστάνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμεγιστάν: meaning 'nobles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θαυμασθήσεταιwill be admiredVS FPI3S · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθαυμάζω: meaning 'will be admired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
κύριος ἔκτισεν ἐκ γῆς φάρμακα καὶ ἀνὴρ φρόνιμος οὐ προσοχθιεῖ αὐτοῖς
The Lord created medicines from the earth, and a prudent man will not be disgusted by them.
Medicines drawn from earth are dignified as part of the Lord's provision rather than dismissed as profane.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔκτισενcreatedVAI AAI3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φάρμακαmedicinesN2N APN · φάρμακονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφάρμακον: meaning 'medicines'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρόνιμοςprudentA1B NSM · φρόνιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσοχθιεῖbe disgustedVF2 FAI3S · ὀχθίζω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀχθίζω + προς: meaning 'be disgusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
οὐκ ἀπὸ ξύλου ἐγλυκάνθη ὕδωρ εἰς τὸ γνωσθῆναι τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτοῦ
Was not water made sweet from wood, so that his power might be known?
The wood-sweetened water episode functions as an analogy showing that created means can display divine power.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ξύλουwood / treeN2N GSN · ξύλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξύλον: meaning 'wood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγλυκάνθηwas made sweetVCI API3S · γλυκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγλυκαίνω: meaning 'was made sweet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνωσθῆναιto be knownVS APN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'to be known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
καὶ αὐτὸς ἔδωκεν ἀνθρώποις ἐπιστήμην ἐνδοξάζεσθαι ἐν τοῖς θαυμασίοις αὐτοῦ
And he himself gave human beings knowledge, to be glorified in his wonders.
Human technical knowledge itself is a divine gift ordered toward God's glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιστήμηνknowledgeN1 ASF · ἐπιστήμηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιστήμη: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνδοξάζεσθαιto be glorifiedV1 PMN · δοξάζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδοξάζω + ἐν: meaning 'to be glorified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμασίοιςwondersA1A DPN · θαυμάσιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐθεράπευσεν καὶ ἦρεν τὸν πόνον αὐτοῦ μυρεψὸς ἐν τούτοις ποιήσει μεῖγμα
By them he healed and removed pain; the perfumer will make a mixture from these.
Healing practices and compounded remedies are named as concrete instruments of relief.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐθεράπευσενhe healedVAI AAI3S · θεραπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθεραπεύω: meaning 'he healed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦρενtook upVAI AAI3S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω: meaning 'took up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόνονaffliction / painN2 ASM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόνος: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μυρεψὸςperfumerN2 NSM · μυρεψόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμυρεψός: meaning 'perfumer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτοιςthisRD DPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεῖγμαmixtureN3M ASN · μεῖγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμεῖγμα: meaning 'mixture'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
καὶ οὐ μὴ συντελεσθῇ ἔργα αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰρήνη παρ' αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἐπὶ προσώπου τῆς γῆς
And his works will never be finished, and peace from him is upon the face of the earth.
The scope widens from individual treatment to the Lord's unfinished works and peace in the world.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντελεσθῇτελεω + συνVS APS3S · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτελέω + συν: meaning 'τελεω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
τέκνον ἐν ἀρρωστήματί σου μὴ παράβλεπε ἀλλ' εὖξαι κυρίῳ καὶ αὐτὸς ἰάσεταί σε
Child, in your sickness do not be negligent, but pray to the Lord, and he himself will heal you.
In sickness the sufferer must begin with prayer rather than negligence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρρωστήματίsicknessN3M DSN · ἀρρώστημαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀρρώστημα: meaning 'sickness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράβλεπεbe negligentV1 PAD2S · βλέπω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + παρα: meaning 'be negligent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὖξαιprayVA AMD2S · εὔχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὔχομαι: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰάσεταίwill healVF FAI3S · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἰάομαι: meaning 'will heal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ἀπόστησον πλημμέλειαν καὶ εὔθυνον χεῖρας καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἁμαρτίας καθάρισον καρδίαν
Turn away from wrongdoing and straighten your hands, and cleanse your heart from every sin.
Moral straightening and repentance accompany the plea for healing.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπόστησονremoveVA AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλημμέλειανtrespassN1A ASF · πλημμέλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλημμέλεια: meaning 'trespass'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὔθυνονstraightenVA AAD2S · εὐθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐθύνω: meaning 'straighten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καθάρισονcleanseVA AAD2S · καθαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαθαρίζω: meaning 'cleanse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
δὸς εὐωδίαν καὶ μνημόσυνον σεμιδάλεως καὶ λίπανον προσφορὰν ὡς μὴ ὑπάρχων
Offer a sweet aroma and a memorial of fine flour, and make your offering generous, as one who no longer has much time.
Cultic response is added, linking prayer to offering without making ritual magical.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐωδίανsweet aromaN1A ASF · εὐωδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐωδία: meaning 'sweet aroma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N ASN · μνημόσυνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σεμιδάλεωςfine flourN3I GSF · σεμίδαλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις: meaning 'fine flour'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίπανονfat offeringVA AAD2S · λιπαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλιπαίνω: meaning 'fat offering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσφορὰνofferingN1A ASF · προσφοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροσφορά: meaning 'offering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπάρχωνexistingV1 · παπνσμ ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'existing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
καὶ ἰατρῷ δὸς τόπον καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔκτισεν κύριος καὶ μὴ ἀποστήτω σου καὶ γὰρ αὐτοῦ χρεία
And give the physician a place, for the Lord also created him, and do not let him leave you, for there is need of him.
The physician is then given his proper place alongside prayer because his work too is divinely instituted.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰατρῷphysicianN2 DSM · ἰατρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰατρός: meaning 'physician'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔκτισενcreatedVAI AAI3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστήτωlet ... departVH AAD3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'let ... depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χρείαneedN1A NSF · χρείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
ἔστιν καιρὸς ὅτε καὶ ἐν χερσὶν αὐτῶν εὐοδία
There is a time when success is also in their hands.
There are seasons when medical success truly lies in physicians' hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καιρὸςseasonN2 NSM · καιρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαιρός: meaning 'season'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐοδίαprosperityN1A NSF · εὐοδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐοδία: meaning 'prosperity'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
14
καὶ γὰρ αὐτοὶ κυρίου δεηθήσονται ἵνα εὐοδώσῃ αὐτοῖς ἀνάπαυσιν καὶ ἴασιν χάριν ἐμβιώσεως
For they too will pray to the Lord that he may grant them relief and healing for the sake of preserving life.
Even physicians remain dependent on the Lord and pray for effective relief and healing.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεηθήσονταιwill pleadVC FPI3P · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέω: meaning 'will plead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐοδώσῃmay grant successVA AAS3S · εὐοδόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὐοδόω: meaning 'may grant success'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνάπαυσινrestN3I ASF · ἀνάπαυσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'rest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴασινἴασινN3I ASF · ἴασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἴασις: meaning 'ἴασιν'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμβιώσεωςway of lifeN3I GSF · ἐμβίωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμβίωσις: meaning 'way of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
ὁ ἁμαρτάνων ἔναντι τοῦ ποιήσαντος αὐτὸν ἐμπέσοι εἰς χεῖρας ἰατροῦ
The one who sins before his Maker may fall into the hands of a physician.
Persistent sin before the Creator is presented as exposing a person to chastening through illness.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτάνωνthe sinnerV1 · παπνσμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'the sinner'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσαντοςdoVA · ααπγσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμπέσοιmay fallVF FAO3S · πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'may fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰατροῦphysicianN2 GSM · ἰατρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰατρός: meaning 'physician'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
τέκνον ἐπὶ νεκρῷ κατάγαγε δάκρυα καὶ ὡς δεινὰ πάσχων ἔναρξαι θρήνου κατὰ δὲ τὴν κρίσιν αὐτοῦ περίστειλον τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ ὑπερίδῃς τὴν ταφὴν αὐτοῦ
Child, over the dead let tears fall, and as one suffering grievously begin lamentation; according to what is due him, wrap up his body, and do not neglect his burial.
The discourse turns to mourning, authorizing tears, lament, wrapping, and burial as due honors.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεκρῷdead personN2 DSM · νεκρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεκρός: meaning 'dead person'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατάγαγεbring downVB AAD2S · ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἄγω + κατα: meaning 'bring down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δάκρυαtearsN2N APN · δάκρυaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδάκρυ: meaning 'tears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεινὰterribleA1 APN · δεινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδεινός: meaning 'terrible'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάσχωνsufferingV1 · παπνσμ πάσχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πάσχω: meaning 'suffering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔναρξαιbeginVA AMD2S · ἄρχω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἄρχω + ἐν: meaning 'begin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θρήνουlamentN2 GSM · θρῆνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρῆνος: meaning 'lament'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περίστειλονsurround / restrainVA AAD2S · στέλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστέλλω + περι: meaning 'surround'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερίδῃςoverlookVB AAS2S · ὁράω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω + ὑπερ: meaning 'overlook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταφὴνburialN1 ASF · ταφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταφή: meaning 'burial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
πίκρανον κλαυθμὸν καὶ θέρμανον κοπετὸν καὶ ποίησον τὸ πένθος κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν αὐτοῦ ἡμέραν μίαν καὶ δύο χάριν διαβολῆς καὶ παρακλήθητι λύπης ἕνεκα
Make your weeping bitter and heat up your mourning, and perform the lament according to his worth for a day or two, because of slander, and then be comforted for the sake of sorrow.
Sirach permits intense grief, yet sets temporal bounds so lament does not become endless self-destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
πίκρανονmake bitterVA AAD2S · πικραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπικραίνω: meaning 'make bitter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κλαυθμὸνweepingN2 ASM · κλαυθμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκλαυθμός: meaning 'weeping'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θέρμανονheat upVA AAD2S · θερμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateθερμαίνω: meaning 'heat up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κοπετὸνlamentationN2 ASM · κοπετόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοπετός: meaning 'lamentation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πένθοςmourningN3E ASN · πένθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπένθος: meaning 'mourning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀξίανworthN1A ASF · ἀξίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀξία: meaning 'worth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ measure or countμίαν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαβολῆςslanderN1 GSF · διαβολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιαβολή: meaning 'slander'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακλήθητιbe moved to pityVC APD2S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'be moved to pity'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λύπηςgriefN1 GSF · λύπηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
18
ἀπὸ λύπης γὰρ ἐκβαίνει θάνατος καὶ λύπη καρδίας κάμψει ἰσχύν
For from sorrow death comes forth, and grief of heart bends strength.
Unbounded sorrow is dangerous because it weakens and even kills the living.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λύπηςgriefN1 GSF · λύπηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκβαίνειcomes forthV1 PAI3S · βαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβαίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'comes forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λύπηgriefN1 NSF · λύπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κάμψειyou will bow down / make bendVF FAI3S · κάμπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκάμπτω: meaning 'you will bow down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
ἐν ἐπαγωγῇ παραμένει καὶ λύπη καὶ βίος πτωχοῦ κατὰ καρδίας
In calamity grief also remains, and the life of a poor man is according to his heart.
Grief lingers in affliction, especially where poverty already presses upon the heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπαγωγῇaffliction / calamityN1 DSF · ἐπαγωγήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπαγωγή: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παραμένειremainsV1 PAI3S · μένω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω + παρα: meaning 'remains'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λύπηgriefN1 NSF · λύπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
μὴ δῷς εἰς λύπην τὴν καρδίαν σου ἀπόστησον αὐτὴν μνησθεὶς τὰ ἔσχατα
Do not give your heart over to sorrow; drive it away, remembering the end.
The mourner must actively resist total surrender to sorrow by remembering the end common to all.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λύπηνsorrowN1 ASF · λύπηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλύπη: meaning 'sorrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπόστησονremoveVA AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μνησθεὶςrememberingVS · αππνσμ μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ μιμνήσκω: meaning 'remembering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσχαταfarthestA1 APN · ἔσχατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'farthest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
21
μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐπάνοδος καὶ τοῦτον οὐκ ὠφελήσεις καὶ σεαυτὸν κακώσεις
Do not forget: there is no return, and you will not help him, but you will harm yourself.
The dead cannot be brought back, so obsessive grief helps neither them nor the mourner.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθῃyou forgetVB AMS2S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'you forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπάνοδοςreturnN2 NSF · ἐπάνοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπάνοδος: meaning 'return'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠφελήσειςyou will helpVF FAI2S · ὠφελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠφελέω: meaning 'you will help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσεαυτὸν: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κακώσειςyou will harmVF FAI2S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκακόω: meaning 'you will harm'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
μνήσθητι τὸ κρίμα μου ὅτι οὕτως καὶ τὸ σόν ἐμοὶ ἐχθὲς καὶ σοὶ σήμερον
Remember my judgment, for yours is also like it: for me yesterday, and for you today.
The speaker universalizes mortality: another's verdict today anticipates one's own tomorrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σόνyoursA1 ASN · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'yours'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐχθὲςyesterdayD · ἐχθέςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐχθὲς: meaning 'yesterday'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
23
ἐν ἀναπαύσει νεκροῦ κατάπαυσον τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτοῦ καὶ παρακλήθητι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐν ἐξόδῳ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ
When the dead is at rest, let his remembrance rest, and be comforted for him when his spirit departs.
Proper consolation comes when memory is allowed to rest after the departure of the spirit.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀναπαύσειshall give restN3I DSF · ἀνάπαυσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'shall give rest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
νεκροῦdead personN2 GSM · νεκρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεκρός: meaning 'dead person'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατάπαυσονlet restVA AAD2S · παύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαύω + κατα: meaning 'let rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N ASN · μνημόσυνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακλήθητιbe moved to pityVC APD2S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'be moved to pity'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐξόδῳgoing out / campaign seasonN2 DSF · ἔξοδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔξοδος: meaning 'going out'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πνεύματοςspiritN3M GSN · πνεῦμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
σοφία γραμματέως ἐν εὐκαιρίᾳ σχολῆς καὶ ὁ ἐλασσούμενος πράξει αὐτοῦ σοφισθήσεται
The wisdom of a scribe comes in the opportunity of leisure, and one who is reduced in activity will become wise.
The final unit shifts to the scribe, whose leisure makes sustained wisdom-study possible.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γραμματέωςscribeN3V GSM · γραμματεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγραμματεύς: meaning 'scribe'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐκαιρίᾳεὐκαιρίαN1A DSF · εὐκαιρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐκαιρία: meaning 'εὐκαιρία'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σχολῆςleisureN1 GSF · σχολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσχολή: meaning 'leisure'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλασσούμενοςreducedV4 · πμπνσμ ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἐλαττόω: meaning 'reduced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πράξειactivityN3I DSF · πρᾶξιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρᾶξις: meaning 'activity'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοφισθήσεταιwill become wiseVS FPI3S · σοφίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσοφίζω: meaning 'will become wise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
τί σοφισθήσεται ὁ κρατῶν ἀρότρου καὶ καυχώμενος ἐν δόρατι κέντρου βόας ἐλαύνων καὶ ἀναστρεφόμενος ἐν ἔργοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ διήγησις αὐτοῦ ἐν υἱοῖς ταύρων
How can one become wise who holds the plow and boasts in the shaft of the goad, driving oxen and turning about in their labors, whose talk is about the offspring of bulls?
A rhetorical question marks the contrast between public wisdom and the absorbed labor of the farmer.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοφισθήσεταιwill become wiseVS FPI3S · σοφίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσοφίζω: meaning 'will become wise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρατῶνruleV2 · παπνσμ κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρατέω: meaning 'rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀρότρουplowN2N GSN · ἄροτρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄροτρον: meaning 'plow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καυχώμενοςboastingV3 · πμπνσμ καυχάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ καυχάομαι: meaning 'boasting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δόρατιspearN3 DSN · δόρυdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόρυ: meaning 'spear'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κέντρουgoadN2N GSN · κέντρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκέντρον: meaning 'goad'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βόαςβοῦςN3 APM · βοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβοῦς: meaning 'βοῦς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλαύνωνπαπνσμ ελαυνωV1 · παπνσμ ἐλαύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐλαύνω: meaning 'παπνσμ ελαυνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστρεφόμενοςturning over these thingsV1 · πμπνσμ στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ στρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'turning over these things'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διήγησιςtalkN3I NSF · διήγησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιήγησις: meaning 'talk'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταύρωνof bullsN2 GPM · ταῦροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationταῦρος: meaning 'of bulls'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
26
καρδίαν αὐτοῦ δώσει ἐκδοῦναι αὔλακας καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία αὐτοῦ εἰς χορτάσματα δαμάλεων
He will set his heart to cut furrows, and his wakefulness is for foddering heifers.
The farmer's heart and sleeplessness are fully occupied by the demands of husbandry.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκδοῦναιto cutVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι + ἐκ: meaning 'to cut'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὔλακαςfurrowsN3K APM · αὖλαξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαὖλαξ: meaning 'furrows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρυπνίαwakefulnessN1A NSF · ἀγρυπνίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγρυπνία: meaning 'wakefulness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χορτάσματαfodderN3M APN · χόρτασμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχόρτασμα: meaning 'fodder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δαμάλεωνheifersN3I GPF · δάμαλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδάμαλις: meaning 'heifers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
27
οὕτως πᾶς τέκτων καὶ ἀρχιτέκτων ὅστις νύκτωρ ὡς ἡμέρας διάγει οἱ γλύφοντες γλύμματα σφραγίδων καὶ ἡ ἐπιμονὴ αὐτοῦ ἀλλοιῶσαι ποικιλίαν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ δώσει εἰς ὁμοιῶσαι ζωγραφίαν καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία αὐτοῦ τελέσαι ἔργον
So too every craftsman and master builder who passes the night like the day, those who engrave signet carvings, and his persistence is to vary a pattern; he will set his heart to reproduce an image, and his wakefulness is to complete the work.
The engraver and builder are likewise described as consumed by exacting visual labor.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τέκτωνcraftsmanN3N NSM · τέκτωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκτων: meaning 'craftsman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρχιτέκτωνmaster builderN3N NSM · ἀρχιτέκτωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχιτέκτων: meaning 'master builder'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅστιςwhoRX NSM · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant referenceὅστις: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νύκτωρby nightD · νύκτωρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνύκτωρ: meaning 'by night'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διάγειpassesV1 PAI3S · ἄγω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + δια: meaning 'passes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλύφοντεςπαπνπμV1 · παπνπμ γλύφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ γλύφω: meaning 'παπνπμ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γλύμματαengravingsN3M APN · γλύμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλύμμα: meaning 'engravings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σφραγίδωνsignetsN3D GPF · σφραγίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσφραγίς: meaning 'signets'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιμονὴpersistenceN1 NSF · ἐπιμονήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιμονή: meaning 'persistence'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλλοιῶσαιto alterVA AAN · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀλλοιόω: meaning 'to alter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποικιλίανpoikiliaN1A ASF · ποικιλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποικιλία: meaning 'poikilia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁμοιῶσαιto reproduceVA AAN · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὁμοιόω: meaning 'to reproduce'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ζωγραφίανimageN1A ASF · ζωγραφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωγραφία: meaning 'image'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρυπνίαwakefulnessN1A NSF · ἀγρυπνίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγρυπνία: meaning 'wakefulness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τελέσαιto completeVA AAN · τελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτελέω: meaning 'to complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργονworkN2N ASN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
28
οὕτως χαλκεὺς καθήμενος ἐγγὺς ἄκμονος καὶ καταμανθάνων ἔργα σιδήρου ἀτμὶς πυρὸς τήξει σάρκας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν θέρμῃ καμίνου διαμαχήσεται φωνῇ σφύρης κλινεῖ τὸ οὖς αὐτοῦ καὶ κατέναντι ὁμοιώματος σκεύους οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ καρδίαν αὐτοῦ δώσει εἰς συντέλειαν ἔργων καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία αὐτοῦ κοσμῆσαι ἐπὶ συντελείας
So too the smith sitting near the anvil and studying ironwork: the vapor of fire will melt his flesh, and in the heat of the furnace he will struggle; the sound of the hammer will bend his ear, and his eyes are fixed opposite the pattern of the vessel; he will set his heart to complete the works, and his wakefulness is to adorn them to perfection.
The smith's body, senses, and attention are taken over by the heat and rhythm of his craft.
Word-by-word analysis· 45 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλκεὺςsmithsN3V NSM · χαλκεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχαλκεύς: meaning 'smiths'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθήμενοςπμπνσμ ἧμαιV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'πμπνσμ ἧμαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐγγὺς: meaning 'near'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄκμονοςanvilN3N GSM · ἄκμωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄκμων: meaning 'anvil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταμανθάνωνstudyingV1 · παπνσμ μανθάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ μανθάνω + κατα: meaning 'studying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σιδήρουironN2 GSM · σίδηροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσίδηρος: meaning 'iron'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀτμὶςvaporN3D NSF · ἀτμίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτμίς: meaning 'vapor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τήξειmeltVF FAI3S · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτήκω: meaning 'melt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θέρμῃheatA1 DSF · θερμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθερμός: meaning 'heat'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καμίνουof a furnaceN2 GSM · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'of a furnace'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διαμαχήσεταιwill struggleVD FPI3S · μάχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμάχομαι + δια: meaning 'will struggle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σφύρηςhammerN1S GSF · σφῦραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσφῦρα: meaning 'hammer'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κλινεῖwill slopeVF2 FAI3S · κλίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλίνω: meaning 'will slope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοιώματοςlikenessN3M GSN · ὁμοίωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁμοίωμα: meaning 'likeness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκεύουςvesselN3E GSN · σκεῦοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'vessel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συντέλειανcompletionN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'completion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔργωνworks / laboursN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρυπνίαwakefulnessN1A NSF · ἀγρυπνίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγρυπνία: meaning 'wakefulness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κοσμῆσαιto straightenVA AAN · κοσμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκοσμέω: meaning 'to straighten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συντελείαςsynteleiaN1A GSF · συντέλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'synteleia'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
29
οὕτως κεραμεὺς καθήμενος ἐν ἔργῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ συστρέφων ἐν ποσὶν αὐτοῦ τροχόν ὃς ἐν μερίμνῃ κεῖται διὰ παντὸς ἐπὶ τὸ ἔργον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐναρίθμιος πᾶσα ἡ ἐργασία αὐτοῦ
So too the potter sitting at his task and turning the wheel with his feet, who is always anxious over his work and whose every labor is by number.
The potter too lives under continual practical concern and measured labor.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κεραμεὺςpotterN3V NSM · κεραμεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκεραμεύς: meaning 'potter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθήμενοςπμπνσμ ἧμαιV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'πμπνσμ ἧμαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔργῳworkN2N DSN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συστρέφωνturningV1 · παπνσμ τρέφω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τρέφω + συν: meaning 'turning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποσὶνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τροχόνwheelN2 ASM · τροχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μερίμνῃanxietyN1S DSF · μέριμναdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέριμνα: meaning 'anxiety'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κεῖταιis laid upV5 PMI3S · κεῖμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκεῖμαι: meaning 'is laid up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονworkN2N ASN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναρίθμιοςcountedA1B NSF · ἐναρίθμιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐναρίθμιος: meaning 'counted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργασίαworkN1A NSF · ἐργασίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐργασία: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ τυπώσει πηλὸν καὶ πρὸ ποδῶν κάμψει ἰσχὺν αὐτοῦ καρδίαν ἐπιδώσει συντελέσαι τὸ χρῖσμα καὶ ἡ ἀγρυπνία αὐτοῦ καθαρίσαι κάμινον
With his arm he will shape the clay, and before his feet he will bend its strength; he will set his heart to finish the glazing, and his wakefulness is to clean the kiln.
His bodily effort and technical attention extend even to the kiln and finishing process.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βραχίονιβραχίωνN3N DSM · βραχίωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβραχίων: meaning 'βραχίων'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τυπώσειwill shapeVF FAI3S · τυπόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτυπόω: meaning 'will shape'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πηλὸνmudN2 ASM · πηλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπηλός: meaning 'mud'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποδῶνfootN3D GPM · πούςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κάμψειyou will bow down / make bendVF FAI3S · κάμπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκάμπτω: meaning 'you will bow down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιδώσειwill setVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἐπι: meaning 'will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντελέσαιcompleteVA AAN · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρῖσμαglazingN3M ASN · χρῖσμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρῖσμα: meaning 'glazing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρυπνίαwakefulnessN1A NSF · ἀγρυπνίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγρυπνία: meaning 'wakefulness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καθαρίσαιhas been purifiedVA AAN · καθαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαθαρίζω: meaning 'has been purified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
31
πάντες οὗτοι εἰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐνεπίστευσαν καὶ ἕκαστος ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ αὐτοῦ σοφίζεται
All these trusted in their hands, and each becomes wise in his own work.
Each artisan possesses a real wisdom proper to his own work.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνεπίστευσανtrustedVAI AAI3P · πιστεύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπιστεύω + ἐν: meaning 'trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργῳworkN2N DSN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοφίζεταιbecomes wiseV1 PMI3S · σοφίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσοφίζω: meaning 'becomes wise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
32
ἄνευ αὐτῶν οὐκ οἰκισθήσεται πόλις καὶ οὐ παροικήσουσιν οὐδὲ περιπατήσουσιν
Without them no city will be inhabited, and people will neither dwell there nor walk about.
These trades are indispensable to settled civic life.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκισθήσεταιwill be inhabitedVS FPI3S · οἰκίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκίζω: meaning 'will be inhabited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροικήσουσινshall dwell as strangersVF FAI3P · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'shall dwell as strangers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιπατήσουσινπατέω περιVF FAI3P · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατέω + περι: meaning 'πατέω περι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
33
ἀλλ' εἰς βουλὴν λαοῦ οὐ ζητηθήσονται καὶ ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ οὐχ ὑπεραλοῦνται ἐπὶ δίφρον δικαστοῦ οὐ καθιοῦνται καὶ διαθήκην κρίματος οὐ διανοηθήσονται
But they will not be sought for the council of the people, and in the assembly they will not be exalted; they will not sit on a judge's seat, and they will not ponder the covenant of judgment.
Yet such craftsmen usually do not occupy the public spheres of legal deliberation or communal policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βουλὴνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζητηθήσονταιwill be soughtVC FPI3P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω: meaning 'will be sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐκκλησίᾳassemblyN1A DSF · ἐκκλησίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπεραλοῦνταιwill be exaltedVF2 FMI3P · ἀλόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'will be exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δίφρονcouch / seatN2 ASM · δίφροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίφρος: meaning 'couch'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαστοῦjudgeN1M GSM · δικαστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαστής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθιοῦνταιshall dwellVF2 FMI3P · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + κατα: meaning 'shall dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κρίματοςjudgmentN3M GSN · κρίμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διανοηθήσονταιponderVC FPI3P · νοέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureνοέομαι + δια: meaning 'ponder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
34
οὐδὲ μὴ ἐκφάνωσιν παιδείαν καὶ κρίμα καὶ ἐν παραβολαῖς οὐχ εὑρεθήσονται ἀλλὰ κτίσμα αἰῶνος στηρίσουσιν καὶ ἡ δέησις αὐτῶν ἐν ἐργασίᾳ τέχνης
Neither will they display discipline and judgment, and they will not be found among proverbs, but they will support the fabric of the age, and their prayer is in the labor of their craft.
Even without that public role, they uphold the world's structure, and their prayer is embodied in skilled labor itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκφάνωσινdisplayVD APS3P · φαίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφαίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'display'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παραβολαῖςproverbN1 DPF · παραβολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαραβολή: meaning 'proverb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεθήσονταιshall be foundVC FPI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτίσμαcreationN3M ASN · κτίσμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτίσμα: meaning 'creation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στηρίσουσινwill supportVF FAI3P · στηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστηρίζω: meaning 'will support'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησιςsupplicationN3I NSF · δέησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδέησις: meaning 'supplication'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐργασίᾳworkN1A DSF · ἐργασίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐργασία: meaning 'work'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τέχνηςof skillN1 GSF · τέχνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέχνη: meaning 'of skill'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.