1
τέκνον τὴν ζωὴν τοῦ πτωχοῦ μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς καὶ μὴ παρελκύσῃς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐπιδεεῖς
Child, do not deprive the poor of life, and do not draw out needy eyes.
The unit opens by forbidding economic hardness of heart toward the poor and needy.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τέκνονchildN2N VSN · τέκνονvocative address naming the addressee directly→ direct addressτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'child' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationζωὴν: lexical item rendered 'life' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπτωχοῦ: lexical item rendered 'poor' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀποστερήσῃςdepriveVA AAS2S · στερέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀποστερήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'deprive' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
παρελκύσῃςdraw outVA AAS2S · ἕλκω + παραverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπαρελκύσῃς: verbal form rendered 'draw out' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμοὺς: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐπιδεεῖςneedyA3H APM · ἐπιδεήςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἐπιδεεῖς: lexical item rendered 'needy' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
2
ψυχὴν πεινῶσαν μὴ λυπήσῃς καὶ μὴ παροργίσῃς ἄνδρα ἐν ἀπορίᾳ αὐτοῦ
Do not grieve a hungry soul, and do not provoke a man in his distress.
Mercy is sharpened into emotional care: do not deepen the suffering of the hungry or distressed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationψυχὴν: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πεινῶσανhungryV3 · παπασφ πεινάωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextπεινῶσαν: verbal form rendered 'hungry' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
λυπήσῃςgrieveVA AAS2S · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeλυπήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'grieve' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
παροργίσῃςprovokeVA AAS2S · ὀργίζω + παραverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπαροργίσῃς: verbal form rendered 'provoke' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἄνδραa manN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἄνδρα: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀπορίᾳdistressN1A DSF · ἀπορίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀπορίᾳ: lexical item rendered 'distress' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
3
καρδίαν παρωργισμένην μὴ προσταράξῃς καὶ μὴ παρελκύσῃς δόσιν προσδεομένου
Do not further trouble an embittered heart, and do not delay a gift to one in need.
The hearer must neither agitate the embittered nor postpone needed generosity.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκαρδίαν: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
παρωργισμένηνembitteredVT · χμπασφ ὀργίζω + παραparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextπαρωργισμένην: verbal form rendered 'embittered' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
προσταράξῃςfurther troubleVA AAS2S · ταράσσω + προςverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπροσταράξῃς: verbal form rendered 'further trouble' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
παρελκύσῃςdraw outVA AAS2S · ἕλκω + παραverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeπαρελκύσῃς: verbal form rendered 'draw out' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
δόσινa giftN3I ASF · δόσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόσιν: lexical item rendered 'a gift' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
προσδεομένουof one in needV2 · πμπγσμ δέω + προςfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextπροσδεομένου: verbal form rendered 'of one in need' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
4
ἱκέτην θλιβόμενον μὴ ἀπαναίνου καὶ μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς τὸ πρόσωπόν σου ἀπὸ πτωχοῦ
Do not reject a suppliant who is afflicted, and do not turn your face away from the poor.
Justice includes not turning away the afflicted suppliant or the poor person who seeks help.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἱκέτηνa suppliantN1M ASM · ἱκέτηςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἱκέτην: lexical item rendered 'a suppliant' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
θλιβόμενονbeing afflictedV1 · πμπασμ θλίβωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextθλιβόμενον: verbal form rendered 'being afflicted' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀπαναίνουrejectV2 PMD2S · αἰνέω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀπαναίνου: verbal form rendered 'reject' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀποστρέψῃςturn awayVA AAS2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀποστρέψῃς: verbal form rendered 'turn away' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπόν: lexical item rendered 'face' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπτωχοῦ: lexical item rendered 'poor' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
5
ἀπὸ δεομένου μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς ὀφθαλμὸν καὶ μὴ δῷς τόπον ἀνθρώπῳ καταράσασθαί σε
Do not turn your eye away from one in need, and do not give a person room to curse you.
The warning intensifies by showing that neglect can drive the needy toward bitter denunciation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
δεομένουone in needV2 · πμπγσμ δέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextδεομένου: verbal form rendered 'one in need' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀποστρέψῃςturn awayVA AAS2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀποστρέψῃς: verbal form rendered 'turn away' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὀφθαλμὸνeyeN2 ASM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμὸν: lexical item rendered 'eye' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeδῷς: verbal form rendered 'give' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τόπονroomN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationτόπον: lexical item rendered 'room' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀνθρώπῳto a personN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνθρώπῳ: lexical item rendered 'to a person' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καταράσασθαίto curseVA AMN · ἀράομαι + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextκαταράσασθαί: verbal form rendered 'to curse' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσε: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
6
καταρωμένου γάρ σε ἐν πικρίᾳ ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ τῆς δεήσεως αὐτοῦ ἐπακούσεται ὁ ποιήσας αὐτόν
For if he curses you in the bitterness of his soul, the one who made him will hear his petition.
The reason is theological: the Creator hears the oppressed when they cry out from bitterness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καταρωμένουone cursingV3 · πμπγσμ καταράομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextκαταρωμένου: verbal form rendered 'one cursing' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
γάρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγάρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσε: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
πικρίᾳbitternessN1A DSF · πικρίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπικρίᾳ: lexical item rendered 'bitterness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ψυχῆςof soulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationψυχῆς: lexical item rendered 'of soul' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
δεήσεωςpetitionN3I GSF · δέησιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationδεήσεως: lexical item rendered 'petition' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐπακούσεταιwill hearVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐπακούσεται: verbal form rendered 'will hear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ποιήσαςone who madeVA · ααπνσμ ποιέωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextποιήσας: verbal form rendered 'one who made' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτόν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
7
προσφιλῆ συναγωγῇ σεαυτὸν ποίει καὶ μεγιστᾶνι ταπείνου τὴν κεφαλήν σου
Make yourself beloved by the assembly, and bow your head low before a great man.
Public humility before the gathered community and the powerful is presented as a fitting social posture.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
προσφιλῆbelovedA3H ASM · προσφιλήςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπροσφιλῆ: lexical item rendered 'beloved' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
συναγωγῇto the assemblyN1 DSF · συναγωγήdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceσυναγωγῇ: lexical item rendered 'to the assembly' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσεαυτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'yourself' with reference set by the immediate context.
ποίειmakeV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceποίει: verbal form rendered 'make' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μεγιστᾶνιbefore a great manN3 DSM · μεγιστάνdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμεγιστᾶνι: lexical item rendered 'before a great man' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ταπείνουbow lowV4 PAD2S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceταπείνου: verbal form rendered 'bow low' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλήν: lexical item rendered 'head' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
8
κλῖνον πτωχῷ τὸ οὖς σου καὶ ἀποκρίθητι αὐτῷ εἰρηνικὰ ἐν πραύ̈τητι
Incline your ear to the poor, and answer him with peaceful words in meekness.
True humility bends low to the poor and answers gently rather than harshly.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κλῖνονinclineVA AAD2S · κλίνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeκλῖνον: verbal form rendered 'incline' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πτωχῷto the poorN2 DSM · πτωχόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπτωχῷ: lexical item rendered 'to the poor' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: lexical item rendered 'ear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀποκρίθητιanswerVC APD2S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀποκρίθητι: verbal form rendered 'answer' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
εἰρηνικὰpeaceful wordsA1 APN · εἰρηνικόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationεἰρηνικὰ: lexical item rendered 'peaceful words' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
πραύ̈τητιin meeknessN3T DSF · πραύ̈τηςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπραύ̈τητι: lexical item rendered 'in meekness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
9
ἐξελοῦ ἀδικούμενον ἐκ χειρὸς ἀδικοῦντος καὶ μὴ ὀλιγοψυχήσῃς ἐν τῷ κρίνειν σε
Rescue the wronged from the hand of the wrongdoer, and do not be fainthearted when you judge.
Mercy must become active justice, rescuing the wronged and judging without cowardice.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐξελοῦrescueVB AMD2S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐξελοῦ: verbal form rendered 'rescue' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀδικούμενονthe one being wrongedV2 · πμπασμ ἀδικέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀδικούμενον: verbal form rendered 'the one being wronged' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationχειρὸς: lexical item rendered 'hand' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀδικοῦντοςthe wrongdoerV2 · παπγσμ ἀδικέωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀδικοῦντος: verbal form rendered 'the wrongdoer' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὀλιγοψυχήσῃςbe faintheartedVA AAS2S · ὀλιγοψυχέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeὀλιγοψυχήσῃς: verbal form rendered 'be fainthearted' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῷwhen you areRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'when you are' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κρίνεινjudgingV1 PAN · κρίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceκρίνειν: verbal form rendered 'judging' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσε: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
10
γίνου ὀρφανοῖς ὡς πατὴρ καὶ ἀντὶ ἀνδρὸς τῇ μητρὶ αὐτῶν καὶ ἔσῃ ὡς υἱὸς ὑψίστου καὶ ἀγαπήσει σε μᾶλλον ἢ μήτηρ σου
Become like a father to orphans and in place of a husband to their mother, and you will be like a son of the Most High, and he will love you more than your mother does.
Adopting the cause of the orphan and widow draws filial favor from the Most High himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
γίνουbecomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγίνου: verbal form rendered 'become' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὀρφανοῖςto orphansA1 DPM · ὀρφανόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceὀρφανοῖς: lexical item rendered 'to orphans' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: connective or conjunction rendered 'as' in this chapter's argument flow.
πατὴρa fatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατὴρ: lexical item rendered 'a father' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀντὶin place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: preposition rendered 'in place of' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀνδρὸςa husbandN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνδρὸς: lexical item rendered 'a husband' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
μητρὶmotherN3 DSF · μήτηρdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμητρὶ: lexical item rendered 'mother' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: pronominal form rendered 'their' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἔσῃyou will beVF FMI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἔσῃ: verbal form rendered 'you will be' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: connective or conjunction rendered 'as' in this chapter's argument flow.
υἱὸςa sonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: lexical item rendered 'a son' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὑψίστουof the Most HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationὑψίστου: lexical item rendered 'of the Most High' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀγαπήσειwill loveVF FAI3S · ἀγαπάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἀγαπήσει: verbal form rendered 'will love' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσε: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
μᾶλλονmoreD · μᾶλλονadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: lexical item rendered 'more' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἢthanD · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: connective or conjunction rendered 'than' in this chapter's argument flow.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: lexical item rendered 'mother' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
11
ἡ σοφία υἱοὺς αὐτῆς ἀνύψωσεν καὶ ἐπιλαμβάνεται τῶν ζητοῦντων αὐτήν
Wisdom exalted her children and lays hold of those who seek her.
The discourse now turns to personified Wisdom, who lifts up her children and grasps her seekers.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationυἱοὺς: lexical item rendered 'sons' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀνύψωσενexaltedVAI AAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀνύψωσεν: verbal form rendered 'exalted' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐπιλαμβάνεταιlays hold ofV1 PMI3S · λαμβάνω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐπιλαμβάνεται: verbal form rendered 'lays hold of' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τῶνthoseRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article rendered 'those' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ζητοῦντωνseekingV2 · παπγπμ ζητέωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextζητοῦντων: verbal form rendered 'seeking' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτήν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
12
ὁ ἀγαπῶν αὐτὴν ἀγαπᾷ ζωήν καὶ οἱ ὀρθρίζοντες πρὸς αὐτὴν ἐμπλησθήσονται εὐφροσύνης
The one who loves her loves life, and those who rise early for her will be filled with gladness.
Love for Wisdom is equated with love for life and rewarded with early gladness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀγαπῶνlovingV3 · παπνσμ ἀγαπάωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀγαπῶν: verbal form rendered 'loving' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀγαπᾷ: verbal form rendered 'loves' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationζωήν: lexical item rendered 'life' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
οἱthoseRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article rendered 'those' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ὀρθρίζοντεςrising earlyV1 · παπνπμ ὀρθρίζωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextὀρθρίζοντες: verbal form rendered 'rising early' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: preposition rendered 'for' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐμπλησθήσονταιwill be filledVS FPI3P · πίμπλημι + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐμπλησθήσονται: verbal form rendered 'will be filled' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
εὐφροσύνηςwith gladnessN1 GSF · εὐφροσύνηgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationεὐφροσύνης: lexical item rendered 'with gladness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
13
ὁ κρατῶν αὐτῆς κληρονομήσει δόξαν καὶ οὗ εἰσπορεύεται εὐλογεῖ κύριος
The one who holds fast to her will inherit glory, and wherever he enters the Lord blesses.
Holding fast to Wisdom yields inherited glory and divine blessing in every place.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κρατῶνholding fastV2 · παπνσμ κρατέωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextκρατῶν: verbal form rendered 'holding fast' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
κληρονομήσειwill inheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκληρονομήσει: verbal form rendered 'will inherit' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόξαν: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
οὗwhereverD · οὗadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: lexical item rendered 'wherever' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
εἰσπορεύεταιhe entersV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceεἰσπορεύεται: verbal form rendered 'he enters' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
εὐλογεῖblessesV2 PAI3S · εὐλογέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceεὐλογεῖ: verbal form rendered 'blesses' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
14
οἱ λατρεύοντες αὐτῇ λειτουργήσουσιν ἁγίῳ καὶ τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας αὐτὴν ἀγαπᾷ ὁ κύριος
Those who serve her will minister to the Holy One, and those who love her the Lord loves.
Service to Wisdom is described as service to the Holy One and thus becomes beloved of the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οἱthoseRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article rendered 'those' and marking the noun phrase in context.
λατρεύοντεςservingV1 · παπνπμ λατρεύωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextλατρεύοντες: verbal form rendered 'serving' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
λειτουργήσουσινwill ministerVF FAI3P · λειτουργέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultλειτουργήσουσιν: verbal form rendered 'will minister' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἁγίῳto the Holy OneA1A DSM · ἅγιοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἁγίῳ: lexical item rendered 'to the Holy One' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τοὺςthose whomRA APM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article rendered 'those whom' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀγαπῶνταςloveV3 · παπαπμ ἀγαπάωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀγαπῶντας: verbal form rendered 'love' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀγαπᾷ: verbal form rendered 'loves' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
15
ὁ ὑπακούων αὐτῆς κρινεῖ ἔθνη καὶ ὁ προσέχων αὐτῇ κατασκηνώσει πεποιθώς
The one who obeys her will judge nations, and the one who attends to her will camp in confidence.
Obedience to Wisdom equips one for judgment and produces settled security.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ὑπακούωνobeyingV1 · παπνσμ ἀκούω + ὑποparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextὑπακούων: verbal form rendered 'obeying' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
κρινεῖwill judgeVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκρινεῖ: verbal form rendered 'will judge' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἔθνη: lexical item rendered 'nations' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
προσέχωνattendingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχω + προςparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextπροσέχων: verbal form rendered 'attending' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
κατασκηνώσειwill campVF FAI3S · σκηνόω + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκατασκηνώσει: verbal form rendered 'will camp' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πεποιθώςin confidenceVX · χαπνσμ πείθωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ perfective state resulting from prior actionπεποιθώς: verbal form rendered 'in confidence' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
16
ἐὰν ἐμπιστεύσῃ κατακληρονομήσει αὐτήν καὶ ἐν κατασχέσει ἔσονται αἱ γενεαὶ αὐτοῦ
If he trusts, he will inherit her, and his generations will hold her in possession.
Trust in Wisdom leads to inheritance not only for the individual but for the generations after him.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: connective or conjunction rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐμπιστεύσῃhe trustsVA AAS3S · πιστεύω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐμπιστεύσῃ: verbal form rendered 'he trusts' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
κατακληρονομήσειhe will inheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέω + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκατακληρονομήσει: verbal form rendered 'he will inherit' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτήν: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
κατασχέσειin possessionN3I DSF · κατάσχεσιςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκατασχέσει: lexical item rendered 'in possession' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἔσονταιthey will beVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἔσονται: verbal form rendered 'they will be' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
γενεαὶgenerationsN1A NPF · γενεάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγενεαὶ: lexical item rendered 'generations' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
17
ὅτι διεστραμμένως πορεύσεται μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐν πρώτοις φόβον καὶ δειλίαν ἐπάξει ἐπ' αὐτὸν καὶ βασανίσει αὐτὸν ἐν παιδείᾳ αὐτῆς ἕως οὗ ἐμπιστεύσῃ τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτοῦ καὶ πειράσει αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς δικαιώμασιν αὐτῆς
For at first she will walk with him crookedly, and she will bring fear and timidity upon him and torment him with her discipline until she trusts his soul and tests him by her ordinances.
Wisdom's first dealings are severe: she tests the disciple through fear, discipline, and probation before granting rest.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageὅτι: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
διεστραμμένωςcrookedlyD · διεστραμμένωςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδιεστραμμένως: lexical item rendered 'crookedly' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πορεύσεταιshe will walkVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultπορεύσεται: verbal form rendered 'she will walk' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
πρώτοιςat firstA1 DPN · πρῶτοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπρώτοις: lexical item rendered 'at first' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationφόβον: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
δειλίανtimidityN1A ASF · δειλίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδειλίαν: lexical item rendered 'timidity' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐπάξειshe will bringVF FAI3S · ἄγω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐπάξει: verbal form rendered 'she will bring' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
βασανίσειshe will tormentVF FAI3S · βασανίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultβασανίσει: verbal form rendered 'she will torment' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
παιδείᾳwith disciplineN1A DSF · παιδείαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπαιδείᾳ: lexical item rendered 'with discipline' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: connective or conjunction rendered 'until' in this chapter's argument flow.
οὗwhereverD · οὗadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: lexical item rendered 'wherever' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐμπιστεύσῃhe trustsVA AAS3S · πιστεύω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐμπιστεύσῃ: verbal form rendered 'he trusts' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceψυχῇ: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
πειράσειshe will testVF FAI3S · πειράζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultπειράσει: verbal form rendered 'she will test' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῖςby theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'by the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
δικαιώμασινordinancesN3M DPN · δικαίωμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceδικαιώμασιν: lexical item rendered 'ordinances' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
18
καὶ πάλιν ἐπανήξει κατ' εὐθεῖαν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εὐφρανεῖ αὐτὸν καὶ ἀποκαλύψει αὐτῷ τὰ κρυπτὰ αὐτῆς
Then again she will return straight toward him and gladden him and reveal to him her hidden things.
After proving him, Wisdom returns in straightness, joy, and disclosure of hidden things.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλιν: lexical item rendered 'again' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐπανήξειshe will returnVF FAI3S · ἥκω + ἐπι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐπανήξει: verbal form rendered 'she will return' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
κατ'inP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
εὐθεῖανstraightnessA3U ASF · εὐθύςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationεὐθεῖαν: lexical item rendered 'straightness' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: preposition rendered 'for' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
εὐφρανεῖshe will gladdenVF2 FAI3S · εὐφραίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultεὐφρανεῖ: verbal form rendered 'she will gladden' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀποκαλύψειshe will revealVF FAI3S · καλύπτω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἀποκαλύψει: verbal form rendered 'she will reveal' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κρυπτὰhidden thingsA1 APN · κρυπτόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρυπτὰ: lexical item rendered 'hidden things' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: pronominal form rendered 'her' with reference set by the immediate context.
19
ἐὰν ἀποπλανηθῇ ἐγκαταλείψει αὐτὸν καὶ παραδώσει αὐτὸν εἰς χεῖρας πτώσεως αὐτοῦ
If he goes astray, she will abandon him and hand him over to the power of his own downfall.
Yet if the disciple turns aside, Wisdom abandons him to the consequences of his own downfall.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: connective or conjunction rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀποπλανηθῇhe goes astrayVC APS3S · πλανάω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀποπλανηθῇ: verbal form rendered 'he goes astray' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐγκαταλείψειshe will abandonVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐγκαταλείψει: verbal form rendered 'she will abandon' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
παραδώσειshe will hand overVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultπαραδώσει: verbal form rendered 'she will hand over' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' and governing its phrase in this context.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχεῖρας: lexical item rendered 'hands' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πτώσεωςof downfallN3I GSF · πτῶσιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπτώσεως: lexical item rendered 'of downfall' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
20
συντήρησον καιρὸν καὶ φύλαξαι ἀπὸ πονηροῦ καὶ περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς σου μὴ αἰσχυνθῇς
Keep the proper time and guard yourself from evil, and for the sake of your soul do not be ashamed.
The final section begins by calling for discernment of the right season and freedom from shame that betrays the soul.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
συντήρησονkeepVA AAD2S · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeσυντήρησον: verbal form rendered 'keep' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καιρὸνthe proper timeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκαιρὸν: lexical item rendered 'the proper time' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
φύλαξαιguard yourselfVA AMD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeφύλαξαι: verbal form rendered 'guard yourself' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
πονηροῦfrom evilA1A GSM · πονηρόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπονηροῦ: lexical item rendered 'from evil' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
περὶfor the sake ofP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: preposition rendered 'for the sake of' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχῆςof soulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationψυχῆς: lexical item rendered 'of soul' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αἰσχυνθῇςbe ashamedVC APS2S · αἰσχύνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeαἰσχυνθῇς: verbal form rendered 'be ashamed' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
21
ἔστιν γὰρ αἰσχύνη ἐπάγουσα ἁμαρτίαν καὶ ἔστιν αἰσχύνη δόξα καὶ χάρις
For there is a shame that brings sin, and there is a shame that is glory and favor.
Sirach distinguishes two kinds of shame: one that generates sin and one that accords with glory and favor.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστιν: verbal form rendered 'there is' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχύνη: lexical item rendered 'shame' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐπάγουσαbringingV1 · παπνσφ ἄγω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐπάγουσα: verbal form rendered 'bringing' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτίαν: lexical item rendered 'sin' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστιν: verbal form rendered 'there is' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχύνη: lexical item rendered 'shame' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
χάριςfavorN3 NSF · χάριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχάρις: lexical item rendered 'favor' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
22
μὴ λάβῃς πρόσωπον κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς σου καὶ μὴ ἐντραπῇς εἰς πτῶσίν σου
Do not show partiality against your own soul, and do not be ashamed unto your downfall.
The hearer must not betray his own life through compromising partiality or ruinous embarrassment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
λάβῃςtakeVB AAS2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeλάβῃς: verbal form rendered 'take' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πρόσωπονpartialityN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'partiality' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
κατὰagainstP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: preposition rendered 'against' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχῆςof soulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationψυχῆς: lexical item rendered 'of soul' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐντραπῇςbe ashamedVB AAS2S · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐντραπῇς: verbal form rendered 'be ashamed' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' and governing its phrase in this context.
πτῶσίνdownfallN3I ASF · πτῶσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπτῶσίν: lexical item rendered 'downfall' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
23
μὴ κωλύσῃς λόγον ἐν καιρῷ χρείας
Do not withhold a word in a time of need.
Wisdom requires timely speech when a needed word must be spoken.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
κωλύσῃςwithholdVA AAS2S · κωλύωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeκωλύσῃς: verbal form rendered 'withhold' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
λόγονa wordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationλόγον: lexical item rendered 'a word' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
καιρῷa timeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκαιρῷ: lexical item rendered 'a time' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
χρείαςof needN1A GSF · χρείαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationχρείας: lexical item rendered 'of need' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
24
ἐν γὰρ λόγῳ γνωσθήσεται σοφία καὶ παιδεία ἐν ῥήματι γλώσσης
For in speech wisdom will be known, and instruction in the word of the tongue.
That command rests on the fact that wisdom and instruction become known precisely in rightly spoken words.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
λόγῳin speechN2 DSM · λόγοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceλόγῳ: lexical item rendered 'in speech' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
γνωσθήσεταιwill be knownVS FPI3S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultγνωσθήσεται: verbal form rendered 'will be known' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
παιδείαinstructionN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: lexical item rendered 'instruction' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ῥήματιin the wordN3M DSN · ῥῆμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceῥήματι: lexical item rendered 'in the word' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
γλώσσηςof the tongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationγλώσσης: lexical item rendered 'of the tongue' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
25
μὴ ἀντίλεγε τῇ ἀληθείᾳ καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀπαιδευσίας σου ἐντράπηθι
Do not speak against the truth, and be ashamed of your own lack of instruction.
Truth must not be contradicted, while ignorance should become a cause for teachable shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀντίλεγεspeak againstV1 PAD2S · λέγω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀντίλεγε: verbal form rendered 'speak against' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀληθείᾳthe truthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀληθείᾳ: lexical item rendered 'the truth' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
περὶfor the sake ofP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: preposition rendered 'for the sake of' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀπαιδευσίαςof lack of instructionN1A GSF · ἀπαιδευσίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀπαιδευσίας: lexical item rendered 'of lack of instruction' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐντράπηθιbe ashamedVD APD2S · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐντράπηθι: verbal form rendered 'be ashamed' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
26
μὴ αἰσχυνθῇς ὁμολογῆσαι ἐφ' ἁμαρτίαις σου καὶ μὴ βιάζου ῥοῦν ποταμοῦ
Do not be ashamed to confess your sins, and do not try to stop the current of a river.
The unit urges honest confession instead of futile resistance to what must run its course.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
αἰσχυνθῇςbe ashamedVC APS2S · αἰσχύνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeαἰσχυνθῇς: verbal form rendered 'be ashamed' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὁμολογῆσαιto confessVA AAN · ὁμολογέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextὁμολογῆσαι: verbal form rendered 'to confess' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐφ'aboutP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': preposition rendered 'about' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτίαις: lexical item rendered 'sins' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
βιάζουtry to restrainV1 PMD2S · βιάζομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceβιάζου: verbal form rendered 'try to restrain' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ῥοῦνthe currentN3 ASM · ῥοῦςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationῥοῦν: lexical item rendered 'the current' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ποταμοῦof a riverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationποταμοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of a river' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
27
καὶ μὴ ὑποστρώσῃς ἀνθρώπῳ μωρῷ σεαυτὸν καὶ μὴ λάβῃς πρόσωπον δυνάστου
And do not lay yourself down under a foolish person, and do not show partiality to a ruler.
The wise person must not abase himself before fools or bend unjustly toward the powerful.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὑποστρώσῃςlay yourself down underVA AAS2S · στρώννυμι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeὑποστρώσῃς: verbal form rendered 'lay yourself down under' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀνθρώπῳto a personN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνθρώπῳ: lexical item rendered 'to a person' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
μωρῷa foolA1A DSM · μωρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμωρῷ: lexical item rendered 'a fool' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σεαυτὸνyourselfRD ASM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσεαυτὸν: pronominal form rendered 'yourself' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
λάβῃςtakeVB AAS2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeλάβῃς: verbal form rendered 'take' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πρόσωπονpartialityN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'partiality' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
δυνάστουa rulerN1M GSM · δυνάστηςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationδυνάστου: lexical item rendered 'a ruler' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
28
ἕως θανάτου ἀγώνισαι περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ κύριος ὁ θεὸς πολεμήσει ὑπὲρ σοῦ
Fight for the truth until death, and the Lord God will fight for you.
The climax commands struggle for the truth even unto death with confidence in the Lord's own warfare.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: preposition rendered 'until' and governing its phrase in this context.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationθανάτου: lexical item rendered 'death' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἀγώνισαιfightVA AMD2S · ἀγωνίζομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἀγώνισαι: verbal form rendered 'fight' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
περὶfor the sake ofP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: preposition rendered 'for the sake of' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀληθείαςfor the truthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀληθείας: lexical item rendered 'for the truth' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
κύριοςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεὸς: lexical item rendered 'God' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
πολεμήσειwill fightVF FAI3S · πολεμέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultπολεμήσει: verbal form rendered 'will fight' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: preposition rendered 'for' and governing its phrase in this context.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
29
μὴ γίνου θρασὺς ἐν γλώσσῃ σου καὶ νωθρὸς καὶ παρειμένος ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις σου
Do not be rash with your tongue and sluggish and slack in your works.
The closing admonitions begin with a warning against bold speech joined to lazy action.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
γίνουbecomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγίνου: verbal form rendered 'become' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
θρασὺςrashA3U NSM · θρασύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρασὺς: lexical item rendered 'rash' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
γλώσσῃwith your tongueN1S DSF · γλῶσσαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceγλώσσῃ: lexical item rendered 'with your tongue' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
νωθρὸςsluggishA1A NSM · νωθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνωθρὸς: lexical item rendered 'sluggish' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
παρειμένοςslackVM · χμπνσμ ἵημι + παραparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextπαρειμένος: verbal form rendered 'slack' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῖςby theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'by the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἔργοιςin worksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἔργοις: lexical item rendered 'in works' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
30
μὴ ἴσθι ὡς λέων ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου καὶ φαντασιοκοπῶν ἐν τοῖς οἰκέταις σου
Do not be like a lion in your house, and do not play the tyrant among your servants.
Domestic tyranny and bullying within the household are explicitly forbidden.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἴσθι: verbal form rendered 'be' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: connective or conjunction rendered 'as' in this chapter's argument flow.
λέωνa lionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: lexical item rendered 'a lion' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῷwhen you areRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'when you are' and marking the noun phrase in context.
οἴκῳin your houseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceοἴκῳ: lexical item rendered 'in your house' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
φαντασιοκοπῶνplaying the tyrantV2 · παπνσμ φαντασιοκοπέωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextφαντασιοκοπῶν: verbal form rendered 'playing the tyrant' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῖςby theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'by the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
οἰκέταιςamong servantsN1M DPM · οἰκέτηςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceοἰκέταις: lexical item rendered 'among servants' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
31
μὴ ἔστω ἡ χείρ σου ἐκτεταμένη εἰς τὸ λαβεῖν καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀποδιδόναι συνεσταλμένη
Let not your hand be stretched out to receive and drawn tight when it is time to give back.
The final line condemns a grasping hand eager to receive but contracted when generosity is required.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἔστωlet it beV9 PAD3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστω: verbal form rendered 'let it be' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hand' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐκτεταμένηstretched outVM · χμπνσφ τείνω + ἐκparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐκτεταμένη: verbal form rendered 'stretched out' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' and governing its phrase in this context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
λαβεῖνto receiveVB AAN · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextλαβεῖν: verbal form rendered 'to receive' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῷwhen you areRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'when you are' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἀποδιδόναιto give backV8 PAN · δίδωμι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀποδιδόναι: verbal form rendered 'to give back' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.
συνεσταλμένηdrawn tightVM · χμπνσφ στέλλω + συνparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextσυνεσταλμένη: verbal form rendered 'drawn tight' in this chapter's wisdom instruction on mercy, courage, and truthful speech.