1
μὴ ἔπεχε ἐπὶ τοῖς χρήμασίν σου καὶ μὴ εἴπῃς αὐτάρκη μοί ἐστιν
Do not set your heart upon your wealth, and do not say, 'It is enough for me.'
The unit opens by forbidding confidence in wealth or the illusion of self-sufficiency.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἔπεχεset your heartV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔπεχε: verbal form rendered 'set your heart' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
χρήμασίνwealthN3M DPN · χρῆμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceχρήμασίν: lexical item rendered 'wealth' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
εἴπῃςsayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeεἴπῃς: verbal form rendered 'say' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
αὐτάρκηsufficientA3H NPN · αὐτάρκηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαὐτάρκη: lexical item rendered 'sufficient' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
μοίfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestμοί: pronominal form rendered 'for me' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐστιν: verbal form rendered 'is' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
2
μὴ ἐξακολούθει τῇ ψυχῇ σου καὶ τῇ ἰσχύι σου πορεύεσθαι ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις καρδίας σου
Do not follow your soul and your strength so as to walk in the desires of your heart.
The warning widens from money to the inner life, forbidding the rule of appetite and self-directed desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐξακολούθειfollowV2 PAD2S · ἀκολουθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐξακολούθει: verbal form rendered 'follow' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceψυχῇ: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἰσχύι: lexical item rendered 'strength' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
πορεύεσθαιto walkV1 PMN · πορεύομαιinfinitive expressing the action or aim of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπορεύεσθαι: verbal form rendered 'to walk' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἐπιθυμίαιςdesiresN1A DPF · ἐπιθυμίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐπιθυμίαις: lexical item rendered 'desires' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καρδίαςof your heartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκαρδίας: lexical item rendered 'of your heart' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
3
καὶ μὴ εἴπῃς τίς με δυναστεύσει ὁ γὰρ κύριος ἐκδικῶν ἐκδικήσει
And do not say, 'Who will rule over me?' for the Lord, avenging, will surely avenge.
Imagined autonomy is rebuked with the reminder that the Lord truly does avenge.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
εἴπῃςsayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeεἴπῃς: verbal form rendered 'say' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceτίς: pronominal form rendered 'who' with reference set by the immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceμε: pronominal form rendered 'me' with reference set by the immediate context.
δυναστεύσειwill rule overVF FAI3S · δυναστεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultδυναστεύσει: verbal form rendered 'will rule over' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐκδικῶνavengingV2 · παπνσμ δικέω + ἐκparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐκδικῶν: verbal form rendered 'avenging' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐκδικήσειwill surely avengeN3I DSF · ἐκδίκησιςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐκδικήσει: lexical item rendered 'will surely avenge' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
4
μὴ εἴπῃς ἥμαρτον καὶ τί μοι ἐγένετο ὁ γὰρ κύριός ἐστιν μακρόθυμος
Do not say, 'I sinned, and what has happened to me?' for the Lord is patient.
Sirach rejects the cynical reasoning that delayed consequences mean sin is harmless.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
εἴπῃςsayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeεἴπῃς: verbal form rendered 'say' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἥμαρτονI sinnedVBI AAI1S · ἁμαρτάνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἥμαρτον: verbal form rendered 'I sinned' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceτί: pronominal form rendered 'what' with reference set by the immediate context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestμοι: pronominal form rendered 'to me' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐγένετοhas happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἐγένετο: verbal form rendered 'has happened' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
κύριόςthe LordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριός: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐστιν: verbal form rendered 'is' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
μακρόθυμοςpatientA1B NSM · μακρόθυμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακρόθυμος: lexical item rendered 'patient' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
5
περὶ ἐξιλασμοῦ μὴ ἄφοβος γίνου προσθεῖναι ἁμαρτίαν ἐφ' ἁμαρτίαις
Concerning atonement, do not become fearless so as to add sin upon sins.
Presumption on atonement becomes its own danger when it emboldens the sinner to pile sin upon sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: preposition rendered 'concerning' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἐξιλασμοῦatonementN2 GSM · ἐξιλασμόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἐξιλασμοῦ: lexical item rendered 'atonement' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἄφοβοςfearlessA1B NSM · ἄφοβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφοβος: lexical item rendered 'fearless' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
γίνουbecomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγίνου: verbal form rendered 'become' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
προσθεῖναιto addVE AAN · τίθημι + προςinfinitive expressing the action or aim of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextπροσθεῖναι: verbal form rendered 'to add' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτίαν: lexical item rendered 'sin' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτίαις: lexical item rendered 'sins' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
6
καὶ μὴ εἴπῃς ὁ οἰκτιρμὸς αὐτοῦ πολύς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν μου ἐξιλάσεται ἔλεος γὰρ καὶ ὀργὴ παρ' αὐτῷ καὶ ἐπὶ ἁμαρτωλοὺς καταπαύσει ὁ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ
And do not say, 'His compassion is great; he will make atonement for the multitude of my sins,' for mercy and wrath are with him, and upon sinners his anger will come to rest.
The reason is theological: God's mercy is real, but so is his wrath, and both belong to his dealings with sinners.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
εἴπῃςsayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeεἴπῃς: verbal form rendered 'say' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
οἰκτιρμὸςcompassionN2 NSM · οἰκτιρμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκτιρμὸς: lexical item rendered 'compassion' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
πολύςgreatA1P NSM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: lexical item rendered 'multitude' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
τῶνof theRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article rendered 'of the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἁμαρτιῶν: lexical item rendered 'sins' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationμου: pronominal form rendered 'my' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐξιλάσεταιwill make atonementVF FMI3S · ἱλάσκομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐξιλάσεται: verbal form rendered 'will make atonement' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: lexical item rendered 'mercy' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργὴ: lexical item rendered 'wrath' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': preposition rendered 'with' and governing its phrase in this context.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἁμαρτωλοὺςsinnersA1B APM · ἁμαρτωλόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτωλοὺς: lexical item rendered 'sinners' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καταπαύσειwill come to restN3I DSF · κατάπαυσιςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκαταπαύσει: lexical item rendered 'will come to rest' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
θυμὸςangerN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμὸς: lexical item rendered 'anger' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered 'his' with reference set by the immediate context.
7
μὴ ἀνάμενε ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς κύριον καὶ μὴ ὑπερβάλλου ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ἐξάπινα γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ὀργὴ κυρίου καὶ ἐν καιρῷ ἐκδικήσεως ἐξολῇ
Do not delay turning back to the Lord, and do not postpone from day to day, for suddenly the Lord's wrath will come forth, and in the time of vengeance you will be destroyed.
The unit therefore presses for immediate return to the Lord before sudden vengeance arrives.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀνάμενεdelayV1 PAD2S · μένω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀνάμενε: verbal form rendered 'delay' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐπιστρέψαιto turn backVA AAN · στρέφω + ἐπιinfinitive expressing the action or aim of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐπιστρέψαι: verbal form rendered 'to turn back' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: preposition rendered 'to' and governing its phrase in this context.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκύριον: lexical item rendered 'the Lord' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὑπερβάλλουpostponeV1 PMD2S · βάλλω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceὑπερβάλλου: verbal form rendered 'postpone' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἡμέραν: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: preposition rendered 'from' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἡμέρας: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐξάπιναsuddenlyD · ἐξάπιναadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐξάπινα: lexical item rendered 'suddenly' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐξελεύσεταιwill come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐξελεύσεται: verbal form rendered 'will come forth' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργὴ: lexical item rendered 'wrath' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of the Lord' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
καιρῷin the timeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκαιρῷ: lexical item rendered 'in the time' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐκδικήσεωςof vengeanceN3I GSF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἐκδικήσεως: lexical item rendered 'of vengeance' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐξολῇyou will be destroyedVF FMI2S · ὄλλυμι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultἐξολῇ: verbal form rendered 'you will be destroyed' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
8
μὴ ἔπεχε ἐπὶ χρήμασιν ἀδίκοις οὐδὲν γὰρ ὠφελήσει σε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπαγωγῆς
Do not set your heart on unrighteous wealth, for it will profit you nothing in the day of assault.
The warning returns to unjust wealth, declaring it useless when true pressure and judgment come.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἔπεχεset your heartV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔπεχε: verbal form rendered 'set your heart' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
χρήμασινwealthN3M DPN · χρῆμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceχρήμασιν: lexical item rendered 'wealth' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀδίκοιςunrighteousA1B DPM · ἄδικοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀδίκοις: lexical item rendered 'unrighteous' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδὲν: lexical item rendered 'nothing' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὠφελήσειwill profitVF FAI3S · ὠφελέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultὠφελήσει: verbal form rendered 'will profit' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant referenceσε: pronominal form rendered 'you' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἡμέρᾳin the dayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἡμέρᾳ: lexical item rendered 'in the day' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐπαγωγῆςof assaultN1 GSF · ἐπαγωγήgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἐπαγωγῆς: lexical item rendered 'of assault' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
9
μὴ λίκμα ἐν παντὶ ἀνέμῳ καὶ μὴ πορεύου ἐν πάσῃ ἀτραπῷ οὕτως ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς ὁ δίγλωσσος
Do not winnow in every wind, and do not walk in every path; so acts the sinner who is double-tongued.
Moral and verbal instability are pictured as wind-tossed chaff and many paths, the hallmark of the double-tongued sinner.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
λίκμαwinnowV3 PAD2S · λικμάωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceλίκμα: verbal form rendered 'winnow' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
παντὶeveryA3 DSM · πᾶςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπαντὶ: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀνέμῳwindN2 DSM · ἄνεμοςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνέμῳ: lexical item rendered 'wind' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
πορεύουwalkV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceπορεύου: verbal form rendered 'walk' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
πάσῃeveryA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπάσῃ: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀτραπῷpathN2 DSF · ἀτραπόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀτραπῷ: lexical item rendered 'path' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'thus' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἁμαρτωλὸςthe sinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλὸς: lexical item rendered 'the sinner' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
δίγλωσσοςdouble-tonguedA1B NSM · δίγλωσσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίγλωσσος: lexical item rendered 'double-tongued' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
10
ἴσθι ἐστηριγμένος ἐν συνέσει σου καὶ εἷς ἔστω σου ὁ λόγος
Be firmly established in your understanding, and let your word be one.
The hearer is told to be settled in understanding and internally unified in speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἴσθιbeV9 PAD2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἴσθι: verbal form rendered 'be' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐστηριγμένοςfirmly establishedVK · χμπνσμ στηρίζωparticipial verbal form describing an accompanying state or action→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἐστηριγμένος: verbal form rendered 'firmly established' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
συνέσειin understandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceσυνέσει: lexical item rendered 'in understanding' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
εἷςoneM · εἷςnumeral modifying the associated noun phrase→ measure or countεἷς: lexical item rendered 'one' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἔστωlet it beV9 PAD3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστω: verbal form rendered 'let it be' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
11
γίνου ταχὺς ἐν ἀκροάσει σου καὶ ἐν μακροθυμίᾳ φθέγγου ἀπόκρισιν
Be swift in hearing, and in patience give an answer.
Wisdom listens quickly and answers only with patient restraint.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
γίνουbecomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγίνου: verbal form rendered 'become' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ταχὺςswiftA3U NSM · ταχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταχὺς: lexical item rendered 'swift' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
ἀκροάσειin hearingN3I DSF · ἀκρόασιςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀκροάσει: lexical item rendered 'in hearing' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
μακροθυμίᾳin patienceN1A DSF · μακροθυμίαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμακροθυμίᾳ: lexical item rendered 'in patience' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
φθέγγουgiveV1 PMD2S · φθέγγομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceφθέγγου: verbal form rendered 'give' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀπόκρισινan answerN3I ASF · ἀπόκρισιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀπόκρισιν: lexical item rendered 'an answer' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
12
εἰ ἔστιν σοι σύνεσις ἀποκρίθητι τῷ πλησίον εἰ δὲ μή ἡ χείρ σου ἔστω ἐπὶ τῷ στόματί σου
If you have understanding, answer your neighbor; but if not, let your hand be upon your mouth.
If genuine understanding is present it should serve the neighbor; otherwise silence is safer than empty speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εἰifC · εἰconditional conjunction introducing the condition→ discourse linkageεἰ: connective or conjunction rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστιν: verbal form rendered 'there is' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestσοι: pronominal form rendered 'to you' with reference set by the immediate context.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύνεσις: lexical item rendered 'understanding' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀποκρίθητιanswerVC APD2S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ verbal force shaped by the clause contextἀποκρίθητι: verbal form rendered 'answer' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: lexical item rendered 'neighbor' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
εἰifC · εἰconditional conjunction introducing the condition→ discourse linkageεἰ: connective or conjunction rendered 'if' in this chapter's argument flow.
δὲbutX · δέnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ discourse linkageδὲ: connective or conjunction rendered 'but' in this chapter's argument flow.
μήnotD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hand' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
ἔστωlet it beV9 PAD3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔστω: verbal form rendered 'let it be' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
τῷto theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
στόματίupon your mouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceστόματί: lexical item rendered 'upon your mouth' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
13
δόξα καὶ ἀτιμία ἐν λαλιᾷ καὶ γλῶσσα ἀνθρώπου πτῶσις αὐτῷ
Glory and dishonor are in speech, and a person's tongue is his downfall.
Speech carries either honor or disgrace because the tongue can become a person's own ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀτιμίαdishonorN1A NSF · ἀτιμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτιμία: lexical item rendered 'dishonor' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
λαλιᾷin speechN1A DSF · λαλιάdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceλαλιᾷ: lexical item rendered 'in speech' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: lexical item rendered 'tongue' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀνθρώπουof a personN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνθρώπου: lexical item rendered 'of a person' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
πτῶσιςdownfallN3I NSF · πτῶσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτῶσις: lexical item rendered 'downfall' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered 'him' with reference set by the immediate context.
14
μὴ κληθῇς ψίθυρος καὶ τῇ γλώσσῃ σου μὴ ἐνέδρευε ἐπὶ γὰρ τῷ κλέπτῃ ἐστὶν αἰσχύνη καὶ κατάγνωσις πονηρὰ ἐπὶ διγλώσσου
Do not be called a whisperer, and do not lie in ambush with your tongue; for upon the thief there is shame, and upon the double-tongued there is grievous condemnation.
The unit condemns gossip and verbal ambush, pairing the whisperer with the shamed thief and the condemned double-tongued person.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
κληθῇςbe calledVC APS2S · καλέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeκληθῇς: verbal form rendered 'be called' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ψίθυροςa whispererA1B NSM · ψίθυροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψίθυρος: lexical item rendered 'a whisperer' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
γλώσσῃwith your tongueN1S DSF · γλῶσσαdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceγλώσσῃ: lexical item rendered 'with your tongue' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationσου: pronominal form rendered 'your' with reference set by the immediate context.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐνέδρευεlie in ambushV1 PAD2S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐνέδρευε: verbal form rendered 'lie in ambush' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article rendered 'to the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
κλέπτῃthe thiefN1M DSM · κλέπτηςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκλέπτῃ: lexical item rendered 'the thief' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐστὶνthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἐστὶν: verbal form rendered 'there is' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχύνη: lexical item rendered 'shame' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
κατάγνωσιςcondemnationN3I NSF · κατάγνωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατάγνωσις: lexical item rendered 'condemnation' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
πονηρὰevilA1A NSF · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρὰ: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'upon' and governing its phrase in this context.
διγλώσσουof the double-tonguedA1B GSM · δίγλωσσοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationδιγλώσσου: lexical item rendered 'of the double-tongued' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
15
ἐν μεγάλῳ καὶ ἐν μικρῷ μὴ ἀγνόει καὶ ἀντὶ φίλου μὴ γίνου ἐχθρός ὄνομα γὰρ πονηρὸν αἰσχύνην καὶ ὄνειδος κληρονομήσει οὕτως ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς ὁ δίγλωσσος
In great matters and in small do not be ignorant, and instead of a friend do not become an enemy; for an evil name will inherit shame and reproach, so too the sinner who is double-tongued.
The closing warning forbids betrayal in either great or small matters because double-tongued treachery inherits shame, reproach, and a ruined name.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
μεγάλῳin great mattersA1 DSN · μέγαςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμεγάλῳ: lexical item rendered 'in great matters' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: preposition rendered 'in' and governing its phrase in this context.
μικρῷin small mattersA1A DSN · μικρόςdative element marking reference, means, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμικρῷ: lexical item rendered 'in small matters' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἀγνόειbe ignorantV2 PAD2S · ἀγνοέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἀγνόει: verbal form rendered 'be ignorant' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: preposition rendered 'instead of' and governing its phrase in this context.
φίλουa friendA1 GSM · φίλοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationφίλου: lexical item rendered 'a friend' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
μὴdo notD · μήnegative particle qualifying the command or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: lexical item rendered 'do not' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
γίνουbecomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceγίνου: verbal form rendered 'become' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ἐχθρόςan enemyA1A NSM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'an enemy' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: lexical item rendered 'name' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction introducing an explanation or ground→ discourse linkageγὰρ: connective or conjunction rendered 'for' in this chapter's argument flow.
πονηρὸνevilA1A NSN · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρὸν: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
αἰσχύνηνshameN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationαἰσχύνην: lexical item rendered 'shame' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkageκαὶ: connective or conjunction rendered 'and' in this chapter's argument flow.
ὄνειδοςreproachN3E ASN · ὄνειδοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὄνειδος: lexical item rendered 'reproach' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
κληρονομήσειwill inheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκληρονομήσει: verbal form rendered 'will inherit' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'thus' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
ἁμαρτωλὸςthe sinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλὸς: lexical item rendered 'the sinner' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article rendered 'the' and marking the noun phrase in context.
δίγλωσσοςdouble-tonguedA1B NSM · δίγλωσσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίγλωσσος: lexical item rendered 'double-tongued' in this chapter's warning against presumption and double speech.