1
καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον ἀνέστη Ναθαν προφητεύειν ἐν ἡμέραις Δαυιδ
And after him Nathan arose to prophesy in the days of David.
The unit shifts from Samuel to the prophetic witness in David's reign by briefly naming Nathan.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέστηraise upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαθανNathanN NSM · Ναθανnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαθαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
προφητεύεινprophesyV1 PAN · προφητεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπροφητεύω: meaning 'prophesy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
2
ὥσπερ στέαρ ἀφωρισμένον ἀπὸ σωτηρίου οὕτως Δαυιδ ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ
As fat set apart from a peace offering, so was David singled out from the sons of Israel.
David's election is described through sacrificial imagery that marks him off from the rest of Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στέαρfatN3T NSN · στέαρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστέαρ: meaning 'fat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφωρισμένονset apartVT · χμπνσν ὁρίζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσν ὁρίζω + ἀπο: meaning 'set apart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σωτηρίουpeace offeringN2N GSN · σωτήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτήριον: meaning 'peace offering'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GS · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
3
ἐν λέουσιν ἔπαιξεν ὡς ἐν ἐρίφοις καὶ ἐν ἄρκοις ὡς ἐν ἄρνασι προβάτων
He played with lions as with young goats, and with bears as with lambs of the flock.
Animal imagery magnifies David's fearless strength and youthful prowess.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λέουσινlionsN3T DPM · λέωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλέων: meaning 'lions'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔπαιξενplayedVAI AAI3S · παίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπαίζω: meaning 'played'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐρίφοιςyoung goatsN2 DPM · ἔριφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔριφος: meaning 'young goats'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄρκοιςbearsN2 DPM · ἄρκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄρκος: meaning 'bears'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄρνασιlambsN3 DPM · ἀρνόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀρνός: meaning 'lambs'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προβάτωνsheepN2N GPN · πρόβατονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
ἐν νεότητι αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ ἀπέκτεινεν γίγαντα καὶ ἐξῆρεν ὀνειδισμὸν ἐκ λαοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐπᾶραι χεῖρα ἐν λίθῳ σφενδόνης καὶ καταβαλεῖν γαυρίαμα τοῦ Γολιαθ
In his youth did he not kill a giant and remove reproach from the people, when he lifted his hand with the sling-stone and brought down the boasting of Goliath?
The praise is anchored in the remembered episode of Goliath and Israel's lifted reproach.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητιyouthN3T DSF · νεότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκτεινενkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γίγανταgiantN3 ASM · γίγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγίγας: meaning 'giant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆρενremove / drive outVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproachA1 NSN · ὀνειδισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπᾶραιlift upVA AAN · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λίθῳwith stoneN2 DSM · λίθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλίθος: meaning 'with stone'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σφενδόνηςslingN1 GSF · σφενδόνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσφενδόνη: meaning 'sling'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβαλεῖνthrow downVB AAN · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'throw down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γαυρίαμαboastingN3M ASN · γαυρίαμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγαυρίαμα: meaning 'boasting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓολιαθGoliathN GSM · Γολιαθnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΓολιαθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
5
ἐπεκαλέσατο γὰρ κύριον τὸν ὕψιστον καὶ ἔδωκεν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ κράτος ἐξᾶραι ἄνθρωπον δυνατὸν ἐν πολέμῳ ἀνυψῶσαι κέρας λαοῦ αὐτοῦ
For he called upon the Lord Most High, and he gave strength into his right hand to strike down a mighty warrior in battle and to lift up the horn of his people.
David's victory is explained not as self-sufficiency but as strength granted after calling on the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐπεκαλέσατοcalled uponVAI AMI3S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψιστονMost HighA1 ASM · ὕψιστοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾷright handA1A DSF · δεξιόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κράτοςmightN3E ASN · κράτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκράτος: meaning 'might'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξᾶραιwipe outVA AAN · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'wipe out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δυνατὸνδυνατοςA1 ASM · δυνατόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδυνατός: meaning 'δυνατος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολέμῳbattleN2 DSM · πόλεμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλεμος: meaning 'battle'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνυψῶσαιlift upVA AAN · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κέραςhornN3T ASN · κέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκέρας: meaning 'horn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
οὕτως ἐν μυριάσιν ἐδόξασαν αὐτὸν καὶ ᾔνεσαν αὐτὸν ἐν εὐλογίαις κυρίου ἐν τῷ φέρεσθαι αὐτῷ διάδημα δόξης
So they glorified him among ten thousands and praised him with the blessings of the Lord when the diadem of glory was brought to him.
The victory leads to public glorification and royal recognition.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μυριάσινtens of thousandsN3D DPF · μυριάςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμυριάς: meaning 'tens of thousands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐδόξασανglorifyVAI AAI3P · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδοξάζω: meaning 'glorify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾔνεσανpraiseVAI AAI3P · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐλογίαιςblessingsN1A DPF · εὐλογίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐλογία: meaning 'blessings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φέρεσθαιto endureV1 PMN · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφέρω: meaning 'to endure'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διάδημαdiademN3T ASN · διάδημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιάδημα: meaning 'diadem'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ἐξέτριψεν γὰρ ἐχθροὺς κυκλόθεν καὶ ἐξουδένωσεν Φυλιστιιμ τοὺς ὑπεναντίους ἕως σήμερον συνέτριψεν αὐτῶν κέρας
For he crushed the enemies round about and brought the hostile Philistines to nothing; to this day he shattered their horn.
David's military success is broadened into his enduring suppression of hostile Philistine power.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐξέτριψενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · τρίβω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχθροὺςenemyA1A APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξουδένωσενdespisedVA AAI3S · οὐδενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοὐδενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'despised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΦυλιστιιμPhilistinesN APM · Φυλιστιιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦυλιστιιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπεναντίουςypenantiosA1A APM · ὑπεναντίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπεναντίος: meaning 'ypenantios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέτριψενtore apart / crushedVAI AAI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'tore apart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κέραςhornN3T ASN · κέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκέρας: meaning 'horn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν ἐξομολόγησιν ἁγίῳ ὑψίστῳ ῥήματι δόξης ἐν πάσῃ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ὕμνησεν καὶ ἠγάπησεν τὸν ποιήσαντα αὐτόν
In every work of his he gave thanks to the Holy Most High with a word of glory; with all his heart he sang hymns and loved the One who made him.
The encomium turns from battlefield strength to David's thanksgiving and love for his Creator.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔργῳworkN2N DSN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξομολόγησινthanksgivingN3I DPF · ἐξομολογήσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐξομολογήσις: meaning 'thanksgiving'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁγίῳholyA1A DSM · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑψίστῳMost HighA1 DSM · ὕψιστοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ῥήματιwordN3M DSN · ῥῆμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕμνησενsang hymnsVAI AAI3S · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑμνέω: meaning 'sang hymns'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγάπησενlovedVAI AAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσανταwho madeVA · ααπασμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασμ ποιέω: meaning 'who made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
καὶ ἔστησεν ψαλτῳδοὺς κατέναντι τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ ἐξ ἠχοῦς αὐτῶν γλυκαίνειν μέλη
And he stationed singers before the altar, and by their sound he made melodies sweet.
David's devotion is shown through his organization of singers and temple music.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψαλτῳδοὺςsingersN2 APM · ψαλτῳδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψαλτῳδός: meaning 'singers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarN2N GSN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἠχοῦςsoundN3E GSN · ἄχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄχος: meaning 'sound'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γλυκαίνεινsweetenV1 PAN · γλυκαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγλυκαίνω: meaning 'sweeten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέληpiecesN3E APN · μέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέλος: meaning 'pieces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
ἔδωκεν ἐν ἑορταῖς εὐπρέπειαν καὶ ἐκόσμησεν καιροὺς μέχρι συντελείας ἐν τῷ αἰνεῖν αὐτοὺς τὸ ἅγιον ὄνομα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ πρωίας ἠχεῖν τὸ ἁγίασμα
He gave splendor to the festivals and arranged the appointed times to perfection, while they praised his holy name and the sanctuary resounded from early morning.
His liturgical ordering extends to festivals, appointed times, and the daily sounding of praise.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἑορταῖςfeastN1 DPF · ἑορτήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἑορτή: meaning 'feast'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐπρέπειανbeautyN1A ASF · εὐπρέπειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐπρέπεια: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκόσμησενkosmeoVAI AAI3S · κοσμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοσμέω: meaning 'kosmeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καιροὺςtimeN2 APM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμέχρι: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συντελείαςsynteleiaN1A GSF · συντέλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'synteleia'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰνεῖνpraiseV2 PAN · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρωίαςmorningA1A GSF · πρώϊοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρώϊος: meaning 'morning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἠχεῖνto resoundV2 PAN · ἠχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἠχέω: meaning 'to resound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίασμαsanctuaryN3M ASN · ἁγίασμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁγίασμα: meaning 'sanctuary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
κύριος ἀφεῖλεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνύψωσεν εἰς αἰῶνα τὸ κέρας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ διαθήκην βασιλέων καὶ θρόνον δόξης ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ
The Lord took away his sins and exalted his horn forever, and gave him a covenant of kings and a throne of glory in Israel.
David's section culminates in forgiveness, exaltation, and the everlasting royal covenant.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφεῖλεν+ apoVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνύψωσενlifted upVAI AAI3S · ὑψόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω + ἀνα: meaning 'lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κέραςhornN3T ASN · κέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκέρας: meaning 'horn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θρόνονthroneN2 ASM · θρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
12
μετὰ τοῦτον ἀνέστη υἱὸς ἐπιστήμων καὶ δι' αὐτὸν κατέλυσεν ἐν πλατυσμῷ
After him arose a wise son, and because of him he lodged in spaciousness.
The focus passes from David to his son, introducing Solomon as wise heir and beneficiary of broad peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέστηraise upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιστήμωνunderstandingA3N NSM · ἐπιστήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιστήμων: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέλυσενλύωVAI AAI3S · λύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλύω + κατα: meaning 'λύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλατυσμῷbroad placeN2 DSM · πλατυσμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλατυσμός: meaning 'broad place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
13
Σαλωμων ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν ἡμέραις εἰρήνης ᾧ ὁ θεὸς κατέπαυσεν κυκλόθεν ἵνα στήσῃ οἶκον ἐπ' ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἑτοιμάσῃ ἁγίασμα εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
Solomon reigned in days of peace, for God gave him rest on every side, so that he might build a house for his name and prepare a sanctuary forever.
Solomon's reign is defined by divinely granted peace and by the temple-building vocation it enabled.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN NSM · Σαλωμώνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἰρήνηςpeaceN1 GSF · εἰρήνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατέπαυσενgive restVAI AAI3S · παύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπαύω + κατα: meaning 'give rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στήσῃyou shall standVA AAS3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι: meaning 'you shall stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑτοιμάσῃprepareVA AAS3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁγίασμαsanctuaryN3M ASN · ἁγίασμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁγίασμα: meaning 'sanctuary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
ὡς ἐσοφίσθης ἐν νεότητί σου καὶ ἐνεπλήσθης ὡς ποταμὸς συνέσεως
How wise you became in your youth, and you were filled like a river with understanding.
A direct exclamation celebrates Solomon's precocious wisdom and overflowing understanding.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσοφίσθηςyou became wiseVCI API2S · σοφίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσοφίζω: meaning 'you became wise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητίyouthN3T DSF · νεότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεπλήσθηςἐνεπλήσθηςVSI API2S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'ἐνεπλήσθης'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
γῆν ἐπεκάλυψεν ἡ ψυχή σου καὶ ἐνέπλησας ἐν παραβολαῖς αἰνιγμάτων
Your soul covered the earth, and you filled it with parables of riddles.
His wisdom is enlarged from personal gift to worldwide intellectual influence.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπεκάλυψενcovered overVAI AAI3S · καλύπτω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'covered over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπλησαςἐνέπλησαςVAI AAI2S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'ἐνέπλησας'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παραβολαῖςproverbN1 DPF · παραβολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαραβολή: meaning 'proverb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αἰνιγμάτωνof riddlesN3M GPN · αἴνιγμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴνιγμα: meaning 'of riddles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
εἰς νήσους πόρρω ἀφίκετο τὸ ὄνομά σου καὶ ἠγαπήθης ἐν τῇ εἰρήνῃ σου
Your name reached distant islands, and you were loved for your peace.
That wisdom and peace extend Solomon's fame to distant lands.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νήσουςislandsN2 APF · νήσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πόρρωporroD · πόρρωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπόρρω: meaning 'porro'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφίκετοἀποVBI AMI3S · ἱκνέομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἱκνέομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγαπήθηςyou were lovedVCI API2S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'you were loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰρήνῃpeaceN1 DSF · εἰρήνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
ἐν ᾠδαῖς καὶ παροιμίαις καὶ παραβολαῖς καὶ ἐν ἑρμηνείαις ἀπεθαύμασάν σε χῶραι
With songs and proverbs and parables and interpretations, countries marveled at you.
The kinds of discourse for which Solomon was renowned are specified in a literary catalogue.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾠδαῖςsongsN1 DPF · ᾠδήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceᾠδή: meaning 'songs'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροιμίαιςproverbsN1A DPF · παροιμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαροιμία: meaning 'proverbs'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραβολαῖςproverbN1 DPF · παραβολήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαραβολή: meaning 'proverb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἑρμηνείαιςinterpretationsN1A DPF · ἑρμηνείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἑρμηνεία: meaning 'interpretations'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπεθαύμασάνmarveled atVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθαυμάζω + ἀπο: meaning 'marveled at'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χῶραιcountryN1A NPF · χώραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχώρα: meaning 'country'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐπικεκλημένου θεοῦ Ισραηλ συνήγαγες ὡς κασσίτερον τὸ χρυσίον καὶ ὡς μόλιβον ἐπλήθυνας ἀργύριον
In the name of the Lord God, the God who is called the God of Israel, you gathered gold like tin and multiplied silver like lead.
His renown is joined to extraordinary wealth gathered under the Lord's name.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπικεκλημένουcalled uponVM · χμπγσμ καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγσμ καλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GS · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
συνήγαγεςyou gatheredVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'you gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κασσίτερονκασσίτερονN2 ASM · κασσίτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκασσίτερος: meaning 'κασσίτερον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόλιβονleadN2 ASM · μόλιβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμόλιβος: meaning 'lead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπλήθυναςplethynoVAI AAI2S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'plethyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
παρανέκλινας τὰς λαγόνας σου γυναιξὶν καὶ ἐνεξουσιάσθης ἐν τῷ σώματί σου
You bent your loins toward women, and you were mastered through your body.
Pivots from praise to failure by naming Solomon's surrender to women.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
παρανέκλιναςyou bent asideVAI AAI2S · κλίνω + παρα + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκλίνω + παρα + ἀνα: meaning 'you bent aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαγόναςloinsN3N APF · λαγώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαγών: meaning 'loins'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γυναιξὶνwomanN3K DPF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεξουσιάσθηςwere masteredVC API2S · οὐσιάζω + ἐν + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοὐσιάζω + ἐν + ἐκ: meaning 'were mastered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σώματίbodyN3M DSN · σῶμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
ἔδωκας μῶμον ἐν τῇ δόξῃ σου καὶ ἐβεβήλωσας τὸ σπέρμα σου ἐπαγαγεῖν ὀργὴν ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα σου καὶ κατανυγῆναι ἐπὶ τῇ ἀφροσύνῃ σου
You brought a stain upon your glory and profaned your seed, bringing wrath upon your children and anguish over your folly,
His compromise is interpreted as defilement that brings wrath upon his descendants.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἔδωκαςgiveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μῶμονblemishN2 ASM · μῶμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμῶμος: meaning 'blemish'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξῃgloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβεβήλωσαςἐβεβήλωσαςVAI AAI2S · βεβηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβεβηλόω: meaning 'ἐβεβήλωσας'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπαγαγεῖνἄγω + ἐπιVB AAN · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἄγω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργὴνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατανυγῆναιbe pierced with griefVA AAN · νύσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementνύσσω + κατα: meaning 'be pierced with grief'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφροσύνῃby follyN1 DSF · ἀφροσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀφροσύνη: meaning 'by folly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
γενέσθαι δίχα τυραννίδα καὶ ἐξ Εφραιμ ἄρξαι βασιλείαν ἀπειθῆ
so that the rule came to be divided in two and a disobedient kingdom began from Ephraim.
The immediate political effect of Solomon's folly is the division of the monarchy.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
γενέσθαιbecome / happenVB AMN · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίχαin twoD · δίχαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδίχα: meaning 'in two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τυραννίδαtyrannyN3D ASF · τυραννίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτυραννίς: meaning 'tyranny'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Εφράιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἄρξαιto beginVA AAN · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄρχω: meaning 'to begin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπειθῆdisobedientA3H APF · ἀπειθήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπειθής: meaning 'disobedient'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
22
ὁ δὲ κύριος οὐ μὴ καταλίπῃ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐ μὴ διαφθείρῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ μὴ ἐξαλείψῃ ἐκλεκτοῦ αὐτοῦ ἔκγονα καὶ σπέρμα τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος αὐτὸν οὐ μὴ ἐξάρῃ καὶ τῷ Ιακωβ ἔδωκεν κατάλειμμα καὶ τῷ Δαυιδ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ῥίζαν
But the Lord will never abandon his mercy, and he will never destroy any of his words, nor blot out the offspring of his chosen one, nor remove the seed of the one who loved him; he gave Jacob a remnant and to David a root from himself.
Against the collapse, the text reasserts that the Lord's covenant mercy and word to David still stand.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλίπῃabandonVB AAS3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + κατα: meaning 'abandon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαφθείρῃhe destroyV1 PAS3S · φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφθείρω + δια: meaning 'he destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαλείψῃblot outVA AAS3S · ἀλείφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'blot out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκλεκτοῦchosenA1 GSM · ἐκλεκτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔκγοναoffspringA1B APN · ἔκγονοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔκγονος: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπήσαντοςof the one who lovedVA · ααπγσμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'of the one who loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξάρῃremoveVA AAS3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβIakobN DSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατάλειμμαremnantN3M ASN · καταλείμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαταλείμμα: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
καὶ ἀνεπαύσατο Σαλωμων μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ κατέλιπεν μετ' αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ λαοῦ ἀφροσύνην καὶ ἐλασσούμενον συνέσει Ροβοαμ ὃς ἀπέστησεν λαὸν ἐκ βουλῆς αὐτοῦ
And Solomon rested with his fathers and left behind him from his seed a folly for the people, one diminished in understanding, Rehoboam, who turned the people away by his counsel.
The succession to Rehoboam is narrated as the handing on of foolish weakness after Solomon's death.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεπαύσατοhe restedVAI AMI3S · παύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπαύω + ἀνα: meaning 'he rested'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN NSM · Σαλωμώνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέλιπενleftVBI AAI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + κατα: meaning 'left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματοςseedN3M GSN · σπέρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀφροσύνηνfollyN1 ASF · ἀφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφροσύνη: meaning 'folly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλασσούμενονdiminishedV4 · πμπασμ ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ ἐλαττόω: meaning 'diminished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συνέσειin understandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσύνεσις: meaning 'in understanding'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέστησενhe removedVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'he removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βουλῆςcounselN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
καὶ Ιεροβοαμ υἱὸς Ναβατ ὃς ἐξήμαρτεν τὸν Ισραηλ καὶ ἔδωκεν τῷ Εφραιμ ὁδὸν ἁμαρτίας καὶ ἐπληθύνθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτῶν σφόδρα ἀποστῆσαι αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν
And Jeroboam son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin and gave Ephraim a path of sin, and their sins multiplied exceedingly, so as to remove them from their land.
Jeroboam's northern kingship is described as institutionalizing sin and accelerating exile-ward corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Ιεροβοαμof JeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΝαβατNebatN GSM · Ναβατnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβατ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξήμαρτενhas sinnedVBI AAI3S · ἁμαρτάνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω + ἐκ: meaning 'has sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN DSM · Εφράιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπληθύνθησανmultiplyVCI API3P · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'multiply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιsinN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστῆσαιto removeVA AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'to remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
καὶ πᾶσαν πονηρίαν ἐξεζήτησαν ἕως ἐκδίκησις ἔλθῃ ἐπ' αὐτούς
And they sought out every kind of evil until vengeance came upon them.
The section closes with a summary judgment: accumulated evil finally reaches the point of vengeance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πονηρίανevil / wickednessN1A ASF · πονηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξεζήτησανsoughtVAI AAI3P · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδίκησιςvengeanceN3I NSF · ἐκδίκησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔλθῃcameVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.