1
ᾆσμα ᾀσμάτων ὅ ἐστιν τῷ Σαλωμων
The song of songs, which is Solomon's.
The superscription sets the book apart as the highest or most excellent song and associates it with Solomon.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ᾆσμαsongN3M NSN · ᾆσμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceᾆσμα: meaning 'song'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾀσμάτωνof songsN3M GPN · ᾆσμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾆσμα: meaning 'of songs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅwhichRR NSN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὅ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
2
φιλησάτω με ἀπὸ φιλημάτων στόματος αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἀγαθοὶ μαστοί σου ὑπὲρ οἶνον
Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth, for your breasts are better than wine.
The poem begins without preamble in direct desire; bodily intimacy and delight are foregrounded immediately.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
φιλησάτωlet him kissVA AAD3S · φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφιλέω: meaning 'let him kiss'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φιλημάτωνkissesN3M GPN · φίλημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφίλημα: meaning 'kisses'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθοὶgoodA1 NPM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μαστοίbreastsN2 NPM · μαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
καὶ ὀσμὴ μύρων σου ὑπὲρ πάντα τὰ ἀρώματα μύρον ἐκκενωθὲν ὄνομά σου διὰ τοῦτο νεάνιδες ἠγάπησάν σε
And the fragrance of your perfumes is beyond all spices; your name is perfume poured out; therefore maidens loved you.
Fragrance, name, and desire fuse together so that the beloved's presence is experienced almost as scent made personal.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴfragranceN1 NSF · ὀσμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀσμή: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μύρωνointmentN2N GPN · μύρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμύρον: meaning 'ointment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρώματαspicesN3M APN · ἄρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρωμα: meaning 'spices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μύρονperfumeN2N NSN · μύρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμύρον: meaning 'perfume'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκκενωθὲνpoured outVC · αππνσν κενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσν κενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄνομάnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νεάνιδεςyoung womenN3D NPF · νεᾶνιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεᾶνις: meaning 'young women'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠγάπησάνthey lovedVAI AAI3P · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'they loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
εἵλκυσάν σε ὀπίσω σου εἰς ὀσμὴν μύρων σου δραμοῦμεν εἰσήνεγκέν με ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς τὸ ταμίειον αὐτοῦ ἀγαλλιασώμεθα καὶ εὐφρανθῶμεν ἐν σοί ἀγαπήσομεν μαστούς σου ὑπὲρ οἶνον εὐθύτης ἠγάπησέν σε
They drew you; after you, into the fragrance of your perfumes, we shall run. The king brought me into his storeroom. We will rejoice and be glad in you; we will love your breasts more than wine; uprightness loved you.
The speaker moves from private desire to a more communal “we,” as royal and festive imagery broaden the scene.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
εἵλκυσάνthey drewVAI AAI3P · ἕλκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἕλκω: meaning 'they drew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀσμὴνaromaN1 ASF · ὀσμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀσμή: meaning 'aroma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μύρωνointmentN2N GPN · μύρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμύρον: meaning 'ointment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δραμοῦμενwe shall runVF2 FAI1P · τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρέχω: meaning 'we shall run'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰσήνεγκένbrought inVAI AAI3S · φέρω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω + εἰς: meaning 'brought in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταμίειονinner roomN2N ASN · ταμιεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταμιεῖον: meaning 'inner room'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαλλιασώμεθαlet us rejoiceVA AMS1P · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'let us rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανθῶμενlet us be gladVC APS1P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὐφραίνω: meaning 'let us be glad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαπήσομενwe shall loveVF FAI1P · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαπάω: meaning 'we shall love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαστούςbreastsN2 APM · μαστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐθύτηςuprightnessN3T NSF · εὐθύτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύτης: meaning 'uprightness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠγάπησένlovedVAI AAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
μέλαινά εἰμι καὶ καλή θυγατέρες Ιερουσαλημ ὡς σκηνώματα Κηδαρ ὡς δέρρεις Σαλωμων
I am dark and beautiful, daughters of Jerusalem, like the tents of Kedar, like the curtains of Solomon.
The woman claims beauty without denying darkness, refusing the terms by which others might diminish her.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μέλαινάdarkA1S NSF · μέλαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέλας: meaning 'dark'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλήbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 VPF · θυγάτηρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκηνώματαcampN3M NPN · σκήνωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκήνωμα: meaning 'camp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΚηδαρKedarN GS · Κηδαρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΚηδαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέρρειςtentsN3I NPF · δέρριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδέρρις: meaning 'tents'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
6
μὴ βλέψητέ με ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι μεμελανωμένη ὅτι παρέβλεψέν με ὁ ἥλιος υἱοὶ μητρός μου ἐμαχέσαντο ἐν ἐμοί ἔθεντό με φυλάκισσαν ἐν ἀμπελῶσιν ἀμπελῶνα ἐμὸν οὐκ ἐφύλαξα
Do not gaze at me because I have been darkened, because the sun looked askance at me. My mother's sons fought against me; they set me as keeper in the vineyards, but my own vineyard I did not keep.
Her appearance is linked to labor and family pressure, introducing social vulnerability into the poem's desire-language.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλέψητέlook uponVA AAS2P · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβλέπω: meaning 'look upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεμελανωμένηdarkenedVM · χππνσφ μελανόομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσφ μελανόομαι: meaning 'darkened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέβλεψένlooked askance atVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + παρα: meaning 'looked askance at'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μητρόςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμαχέσαντοfought againstVAI AMI3P · μάχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμάχομαι: meaning 'fought against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθεντόsetVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φυλάκισσανkeeperN1A ASF · φυλάκισσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλάκισσα: meaning 'keeper'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμπελῶσινvineyardsN3W DPM · ἀμπελώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyards'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀμπελῶναvineyardN3W ASM · ἀμπελώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμὸνmosA1 ASM · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'mos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφύλαξαI keptVAI AAI1S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: meaning 'I kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ἀπάγγειλόν μοι ὃν ἠγάπησεν ἡ ψυχή μου ποῦ ποιμαίνεις ποῦ κοιτάζεις ἐν μεσημβρίᾳ μήποτε γένωμαι ὡς περιβαλλομένη ἐπ' ἀγέλαις ἑταίρων σου
Tell me, you whom my soul loved, where you pasture, where you rest at noon, lest I become like one wrapped around the flocks of your companions.
The question about the beloved's flock is really a plea for unashamed and direct access to him.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἀπάγγειλόνtellVA AAD2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠγάπησενlovedVAI AAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποῦ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιμαίνειςyou pastureV1 PAI2S · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιμαίνω: meaning 'you pasture'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποῦ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιτάζειςyou restV1 PAI2S · κοιτάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκοιτάζομαι: meaning 'you rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεσημβρίᾳmiddayN1A DSF · μεσημβρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμεσημβρία: meaning 'midday'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γένωμαιit came to passVB AMS1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιβαλλομένηwrapped aroundV1 · πμπνσφ βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ βάλλω + περι: meaning 'wrapped around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγέλαιςflocksN1 DPF · ἀγέληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγέλη: meaning 'flocks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἑταίρωνassociateN2 GPM · ἑταῖροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἑταῖρος: meaning 'associate'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
ἐὰν μὴ γνῷς σεαυτήν ἡ καλὴ ἐν γυναιξίν ἔξελθε σὺ ἐν πτέρναις τῶν ποιμνίων καὶ ποίμαινε τὰς ἐρίφους σου ἐπὶ σκηνώμασιν τῶν ποιμένων
If you do not know yourself, O beautiful among women, go out by the footsteps of the flocks and pasture your young goats by the shepherds' tents.
The reply is teasing yet practical, guiding the seeker into the beloved's pastoral world.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῷςknowingVZ AAS2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτήνyourselfRD ASF · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσεαυτήν: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡORA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλὴbeautifulA1 VSF · καλόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναιξίνwifeN3K DPF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔξελθεgo outVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πτέρναιςfootstepsN1 DPF · πτέρνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπτέρνη: meaning 'footsteps'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιμνίωνflockN2 GPN · ποίμνιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποίμνιον: meaning 'flock'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίμαινεshepherdV1 PAD2S · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιμαίνω: meaning 'shepherd'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρίφουςkidsN2 APM · ἔριφοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔριφος: meaning 'kids'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκηνώμασινtentsN3M DPN · σκήνωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκήνωμα: meaning 'tents'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιμένωνshepherdN3 GPM · ποιμήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
τῇ ἵππῳ μου ἐν ἅρμασιν Φαραω ὡμοίωσά σε ἡ πλησίον μου
I have likened you, my beloved, to my horses among Pharaoh's chariots.
The comparison to a splendid mare among royal chariots heightens both beauty and disruptive allure.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππῳcavalryN2 DSF · ἵπποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἵππος: meaning 'cavalry'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἅρμασινchariotsN3M DPN · ἅρμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅρμα: meaning 'chariots'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΦαραωPharaohN GSM · Φαραώnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὡμοίωσάI likenedVAI AAI1S · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμοιόω: meaning 'I likened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡORA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
τί ὡραιώθησαν σιαγόνες σου ὡς τρυγόνες τράχηλός σου ὡς ὁρμίσκοι
Your cheeks were made beautiful like turtledoves, your neck with strings of jewels.
Adornment language turns bodily features into sites of crafted elegance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡραιώθησανwere made beautifulVC API3P · ὡραιοῦμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὡραιοῦμαι: meaning 'were made beautiful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σιαγόνεςcheeksN3N NPF · σιαγώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσιαγών: meaning 'cheeks'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρυγόνεςturtledovesN3N NPF · τρυγώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρυγών: meaning 'turtledoves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τράχηλόςneckN2 NSM · τράχηλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρμίσκοιstrings of jewelsN2 NPM · ὁρμίσκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁρμίσκος: meaning 'strings of jewels'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ὁμοιώματα χρυσίου ποιήσομέν σοι μετὰ στιγμάτων τοῦ ἀργυρίου
We will make for you ornaments of gold with studs of silver.
The plural voice promises lavish ornament, continuing the courtly register.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὁμοιώματαlikenessesN3M APN · ὁμοίωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁμοίωμα: meaning 'likenesses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ποιήσομένwe will makeVF FAI1P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'we will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στιγμάτωνstudsN3M GPN · στίγμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστίγμα: meaning 'studs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
ἕως οὗ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν ἀνακλίσει αὐτοῦ νάρδος μου ἔδωκεν ὀσμὴν αὐτοῦ
While the king reclined, my nard gave its fragrance.
Fragrance again marks nearness; the beloved's presence elicits aromatic response.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἕωςas far asD · ἕωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'as far as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνακλίσειat recliningN3I DSF · ἀνάκλισιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνάκλισις: meaning 'at reclining'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νάρδοςnardN2 NSF · νάρδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνάρδος: meaning 'nard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀσμὴνaromaN1 ASF · ὀσμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀσμή: meaning 'aroma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ἀπόδεσμος τῆς στακτῆς ἀδελφιδός μου ἐμοί ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν μαστῶν μου αὐλισθήσεται
My beloved is to me a bundle of myrrh; between my breasts he will lodge.
The myrrh-bundle image places the beloved at intimate bodily proximity.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπόδεσμοςbundleN2 NSM · ἀπόδεσμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπόδεσμος: meaning 'bundle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στακτῆςointmentN1 GSF · στακτήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστακτή: meaning 'ointment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαστῶνbreastN2 GPM · μαστόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμαστός: meaning 'breast'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αὐλισθήσεταιwill lodgeVS FPI3S · αὐλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαὐλίζω: meaning 'will lodge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
βότρυς τῆς κύπρου ἀδελφιδός μου ἐμοὶ ἐν ἀμπελῶσιν Εγγαδδι
My beloved is to me a cluster of cypress in the vineyards of Engaddi.
The vineyard cluster image combines sweetness, place, and preciousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
βότρυςclusterN3U NSM · βότρυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβότρυς: meaning 'cluster'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύπρουcypressN2 GSF · κύπροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύπρος: meaning 'cypress'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμπελῶσινvineyardsN3W DPM · ἀμπελώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyards'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΕγγαδδιEngaddiN GS · Εγγαδδιnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕγγαδδι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
15
ἰδοὺ εἶ καλή ἡ πλησίον μου ἰδοὺ εἶ καλή ὀφθαλμοί σου περιστεραί
Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved; behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are doves.
The lovers now exchange praise symmetrically, especially through dove imagery.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλήbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡORA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλήbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιστεραίdovesN1A NPF · περιστεράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεριστερά: meaning 'doves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
ἰδοὺ εἶ καλός ὁ ἀδελφιδός μου καί γε ὡραῖος πρὸς κλίνη ἡμῶν σύσκιος
Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved, and graceful; our couch is shady.
Rest together is pictured as beautiful and shaded, turning desire toward shared repose.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλόςtermA1 NSM · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'term'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καίandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεindeedX · γέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγε: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡραῖοςsplendidA1A NSM · ὡραῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὡραῖος: meaning 'splendid'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςgracefulD · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'graceful'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κλίνηcouchN1 NSF · κλίνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκλίνη: meaning 'couch'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σύσκιοςshadyA1B NSF · σύσκιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύσκιος: meaning 'shady'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
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δοκοὶ οἴκων ἡμῶν κέδροι φατνώματα ἡμῶν κυπάρισσοι
The beams of our houses are cedars, our paneling cypresses.
The chapter closes with architectural and arboreal imagery that frames love as inhabitable space.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
δοκοὶbeamsN2 NPF · δοκόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοκός: meaning 'beams'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἴκωνhousesN2 GPM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κέδροιcedarsN2 NPF · κέδροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκέδρος: meaning 'cedars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φατνώματαpanelingN3M NPN · φάτνωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφάτνωμα: meaning 'paneling'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κυπάρισσοιcypressesN2 NPF · κυπάρισσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκυπάρισσος: meaning 'cypresses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.