1
ἰδοὺ εἶ καλή ἡ πλησίον μου ἰδοὺ εἶ καλή ὀφθαλμοί σου περιστεραὶ ἐκτὸς τῆς σιωπήσεώς σου τρίχωμά σου ὡς ἀγέλαι τῶν αἰγῶν αἳ ἀπεκαλύφθησαν ἀπὸ τοῦ Γαλααδ
Behold, you are beautiful, my companion; behold, you are beautiful. Your eyes are doves apart from your veil; your hair is like flocks of goats that have appeared from Gilead.
The chapter opens a long descriptive praise sequence in which the woman's body is read through pastoral and landscape images.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλήbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡORA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλήbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιστεραὶdoveN1A NPF · περιστεράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεριστερά: meaning 'dove'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκτὸςbesidesP · ἐκτόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκτὸς: meaning 'besides'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σιωπήσεώςveilN3I GSF · σιώπησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσιώπησις: meaning 'veil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τρίχωμάhairN3M NSN · τρίχωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίχωμα: meaning 'hair'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγέλαιherdN1 NPF · ἀγέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγέλη: meaning 'herd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰγῶνof goatsN3G GPF · αἴξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴξ: meaning 'of goats'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αἳwhichRR NPF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαἳ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπεκαλύφθησανappearedVVI API3P · καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'appeared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadN GS · Γαλαάδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
2
ὀδόντες σου ὡς ἀγέλαι τῶν κεκαρμένων αἳ ἀνέβησαν ἀπὸ τοῦ λουτροῦ αἱ πᾶσαι διδυμεύουσαι καὶ ἀτεκνοῦσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐταῖς
Your teeth are like flocks of shorn sheep that came up from the washing; all of them bearing twins, and none among them is barren.
The teeth comparison stresses symmetry, wholeness, and freshness.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὀδόντεςteethN3 NPM · ὀδούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγέλαιherdN1 NPF · ἀγέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγέλη: meaning 'herd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεκαρμένωνshornVM · χππγπφ κείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππγπφ κείρω: meaning 'shorn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἳwhichRR NPF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαἳ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέβησανwent upVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λουτροῦwashingN2N GSN · λουτρόνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλουτρόν: meaning 'washing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διδυμεύουσαιbearing twinsV1 · παπνπφ διδυμεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπφ διδυμεύω: meaning 'bearing twins'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτεκνοῦσαbarrenV4 · παπνσφ ἀτεκνόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ἀτεκνόω: meaning 'barren'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐταῖςthemRD DPF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐταῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ὡς σπαρτίον τὸ κόκκινον χείλη σου καὶ ἡ λαλιά σου ὡραία ὡς λέπυρον τῆς ῥόας μῆλόν σου ἐκτὸς τῆς σιωπήσεώς σου
Like a scarlet cord are your lips, and your speech is lovely; like a slice of pomegranate is your cheek apart from your veil.
Lips, speech, and cheek combine color, speech, and hiddenness under the veil.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπαρτίονcordN2 NSN · σπαρτίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπαρτίον: meaning 'cord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόκκινονscarletA1 NSN · κόκκινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόκκινος: meaning 'scarlet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χείληlipN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαλιάspeechN1A NSF · λαλιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαλιά: meaning 'speech'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡραίαbeautifulA1A NSF · ὡραῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὡραῖος: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέπυρονsliceN2N NSN · λέπυρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέπυρον: meaning 'slice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥόαςpomegranateN1 GSF · ῥοάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥοά: meaning 'pomegranate'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μῆλόνcheekN2N NSN · μῆλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμῆλον: meaning 'cheek'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκτὸςbesidesP · ἐκτόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκτὸς: meaning 'besides'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σιωπήσεώςveilN3I GSF · σιώπησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσιώπησις: meaning 'veil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ὡς πύργος Δαυιδ τράχηλός σου ὁ ᾠκοδομημένος εἰς θαλπιωθ χίλιοι θυρεοὶ κρέμανται ἐπ' αὐτόν πᾶσαι βολίδες τῶν δυνατῶν
Like the tower of David is your neck, built for armories; a thousand shields hang upon it, all the weapons of mighty men.
The neck becomes monumental and martial, evoking dignity, strength, and ornament.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πύργοςtowerN2 NSM · πύργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπύργος: meaning 'tower'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τράχηλόςneckN2 NSM · τράχηλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾠκοδομημένοςbuiltVM · χππνσμ οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ οἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θαλπιωθarmoriesN A · θαλπιωθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastθαλπιωθ: meaning 'armories'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίλιοιthousandA1A NPM · χίλιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
θυρεοὶthyreoysN2 NPM · θυρεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυρεός: meaning 'thyreoys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρέμανταιhangV6 PPI3P · κρεμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρεμάζω: meaning 'hang'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βολίδεςmissileN3D NPF · βολίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβολίς: meaning 'missile'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνατῶνof the mightyA1 GPM · δυνατόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυνατός: meaning 'of the mighty'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
δύο μαστοί σου ὡς δύο νεβροὶ δίδυμοι δορκάδος οἱ νεμόμενοι ἐν κρίνοις
Your two breasts are like two young fawns, twins of a gazelle, grazing among lilies.
The twin fawns image keeps tenderness, symmetry, and pastoral softness together.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαστοίbreastsN2 NPM · μαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεβροὶyoung fawnsN2 NPM · νεβρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεβρός: meaning 'young fawns'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίδυμοιtwinsA1 NPM · δίδυμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίδυμος: meaning 'twins'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δορκάδοςof a gazelleN3D GSF · δορκάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδορκάς: meaning 'of a gazelle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεμόμενοιshepherding / pasturingV1 · πμπνπμ νέμωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ νέμω: meaning 'shepherding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίνοιςliliesN2N DPN · κρίνονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίνον: meaning 'lilies'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
6
ἕως οὗ διαπνεύσῃ ἡ ἡμέρα καὶ κινηθῶσιν αἱ σκιαί πορεύσομαι ἐμαυτῷ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τῆς σμύρνης καὶ πρὸς τὸν βουνὸν τοῦ Λιβάνου
Until the day breathes and the shadows depart, I will go to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense.
The line holds desire in suspension until the day opens fully.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαπνεύσῃbreathesVA AAS3S · πνέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπνέω + δια: meaning 'breathes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κινηθῶσινmoveVC APS3P · κινέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκινέω: meaning 'move'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκιαίshadowsN1A NPF · σκιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκιά: meaning 'shadows'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πορεύσομαιI will travelVF FMI1S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'I will travel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σμύρνηςmyrrhN1S GSF · σμύρναgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσμύρνα: meaning 'myrrh'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουνὸνhillN2 ASM · βουνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ὅλη καλὴ εἶ ἡ πλησίον μου καὶ μῶμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν σοί
All of you is beautiful, my companion, and there is no blemish in you.
The summary declaration gathers the preceding details into total beauty.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅληallA1 NSF · ὅλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅλος: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καλὴbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡORA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μῶμοςblemishN2 NSM · μῶμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμῶμος: meaning 'blemish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
δεῦρο ἀπὸ Λιβάνου νύμφη δεῦρο ἀπὸ Λιβάνου ἐλεύσῃ καὶ διελεύσῃ ἀπὸ ἀρχῆς πίστεως ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς Σανιρ καὶ Ερμων ἀπὸ μανδρῶν λεόντων ἀπὸ ὀρέων παρδάλεων
Come with me from Lebanon, bride, come with me from Lebanon; you shall come and pass through from the top of Faith, from the top of Senir and Hermon, from lions' dens and from mountains of leopards.
The beloved now addresses her explicitly as bride, drawing her from exalted and dangerous heights.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
δεῦροcomeD · δεῦροadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦρο: meaning 'come'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νύμφηbrideN1 VSF · νύμφηvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressνύμφη: meaning 'bride'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
δεῦροcomeD · δεῦροadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦρο: meaning 'come'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλεύσῃyou shall comeVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι: meaning 'you shall come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διελεύσῃyou shall pass throughVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'you shall pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πίστεωςconfidenceN3I GSF · πίστιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπίστις: meaning 'confidence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣανιρSenirN GS · Σανιρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣανιρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕρμωνHermonN GS · Ερμωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕρμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μανδρῶνdensN1A GPF · μάνδραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμάνδρα: meaning 'dens'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λεόντωνlionN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀρέωνmountainsN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρδάλεωνleopardsN3I GPF · πάρδαλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπάρδαλις: meaning 'leopards'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
ἐκαρδίωσας ἡμᾶς ἀδελφή μου νύμφη ἐκαρδίωσας ἡμᾶς ἑνὶ ἀπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν σου ἐν μιᾷ ἐνθέματι τραχήλων σου
You have captivated my heart, my sister, bride; you have captivated my heart with one of your eyes, with one chain of your adornment.
The language of captured heart shows how a single glance or ornament can overpower the lover.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐκαρδίωσαςcaptivated the heartVAI AAI2S · καρδιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαρδιόω: meaning 'captivated the heart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφήsisterN1 VSF · ἀδελφήvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφή: meaning 'sister'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νύμφηbrideN1 VSF · νύμφηvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressνύμφη: meaning 'bride'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐκαρδίωσαςcaptivated the heartVAI AAI2S · καρδιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαρδιόω: meaning 'captivated the heart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἑνὶoneA3 DSM · εἷςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἷς: meaning 'one'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ measure or countμιᾷ: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐνθέματιadornmentN3M DSN · ἔνθεμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔνθεμα: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τραχήλωνnecksN2 GPM · τράχηλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτράχηλος: meaning 'necks'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
τί ἐκαλλιώθησαν μαστοί σου ἀδελφή μου νύμφη τί ἐκαλλιώθησαν μαστοί σου ἀπὸ οἴνου καὶ ὀσμὴ ἱματίων σου ὑπὲρ πάντα τὰ ἀρώματα
How beautiful your breasts are, my sister, bride! How much more beautiful are your breasts than wine, and the fragrance of your garments than all spices!
Bodily delight and scent continue the chapter's interweaving of eros and aroma.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκαλλιώθησανbecame beautifulVCI API3P · καλλιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλλιόω: meaning 'became beautiful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαστοίbreastsN2 NPM · μαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφήsisterN1 VSF · ἀδελφήvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφή: meaning 'sister'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νύμφηbrideN1 VSF · νύμφηvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressνύμφη: meaning 'bride'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκαλλιώθησανbecame beautifulVCI API3P · καλλιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλλιόω: meaning 'became beautiful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαστοίbreastsN2 NPM · μαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴfragranceN1 NSF · ὀσμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀσμή: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἱματίωνgarmentsN2N GPN · ἱμάτιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρώματαspicesN3M APN · ἄρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρωμα: meaning 'spices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
κηρίον ἀποστάζουσιν χείλη σου νύμφη μέλι καὶ γάλα ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσάν σου καὶ ὀσμὴ ἱματίων σου ὡς ὀσμὴ Λιβάνου
Your lips, bride, drip honeycomb; honey and milk are under your tongue, and the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon.
Honey, milk, and Lebanon-fragrance make the bride's speech and presence into sweetness and abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
κηρίονhoneycombN2N ASN · κηρίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκηρίον: meaning 'honeycomb'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποστάζουσινdripV1 PAI3P · στάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστάζω + ἀπο: meaning 'drip'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χείληlipN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νύμφηbrideN1 VSF · νύμφηvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressνύμφη: meaning 'bride'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μέλιhoneyN3T NSN · μέλιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέλι: meaning 'honey'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γάλαmilkN3 NSN · γάλαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγάλα: meaning 'milk'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσάνtongueN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴfragranceN1 NSF · ὀσμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀσμή: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἱματίωνgarmentsN2N GPN · ἱμάτιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴfragranceN1 NSF · ὀσμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀσμή: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
κῆπος κεκλεισμένος ἀδελφή μου νύμφη κῆπος κεκλεισμένος πηγὴ ἐσφραγισμένη
A garden enclosed is my sister, bride; a garden enclosed, a fountain sealed.
The enclosed garden image stresses privacy, exclusivity, and treasured access.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κῆποςgardenN2 NSM · κῆποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκῆπος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεκλεισμένοςenclosedVT · χππνσμ κλείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ κλείω: meaning 'enclosed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδελφήsisterN1 NSF · ἀδελφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφή: meaning 'sister'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νύμφηdaughter-in-lawN1 NSF · νύμφηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνύμφη: meaning 'daughter-in-law'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κῆποςgardenN2 NSM · κῆποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκῆπος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεκλεισμένοςenclosedVT · χππνσμ κλείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ κλείω: meaning 'enclosed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πηγὴspringN1 NSF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐσφραγισμένηsealedVT · χππνσμ σφραγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ σφραγίζω: meaning 'sealed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ἀποστολαί σου παράδεισος ῥοῶν μετὰ καρποῦ ἀκροδρύων κύπροι μετὰ νάρδων
Your shoots are an orchard of pomegranates with choice fruits, cypresses with nards,
The garden opens into abundance without losing its guarded character.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀποστολαίshootsN1 NPF · ἀποστολήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀποστολή: meaning 'shoots'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παράδεισοςparadise / gardenN2 NSM · παράδεισοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ῥοῶνpomegranatesN1 GPF · ῥοάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥοά: meaning 'pomegranates'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρποῦfruitN2 GSM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκροδρύωνchoice fruitsN3U GPN · ἀκρόδρυαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρόδρυα: meaning 'choice fruits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κύπροιcypressesN2 NPF · κύπροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύπρος: meaning 'cypresses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νάρδωνof nardsN2 GPF · νάρδοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνάρδος: meaning 'of nards'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
νάρδος καὶ κρόκος κάλαμος καὶ κιννάμωμον μετὰ πάντων ξύλων τοῦ Λιβάνου σμύρνα αλωθ μετὰ πάντων πρώτων μύρων
nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense, myrrh, aloes, and all the chief spices;
The spices accumulate almost liturgically, making the beloved a cultivated paradise.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
νάρδοςnardN2 NSF · νάρδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνάρδος: meaning 'nard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρόκοςsaffronN2 NSM · κρόκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρόκος: meaning 'saffron'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κάλαμοςcalamusN2 NSM · κάλαμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάλαμος: meaning 'calamus'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιννάμωμονcinnamonN2N NSN · κιννάμωμονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκιννάμωμον: meaning 'cinnamon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ξύλωνtimber / woodN2N GPN · ξύλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξύλον: meaning 'timber'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σμύρναmyrrhN1S NSF · σμύρναnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσμύρνα: meaning 'myrrh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αλωθaloesN N · αλωθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαλωθ: meaning 'aloes'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρώτωνchiefA1 GPNS · πρῶτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρῶτος: meaning 'chief'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μύρωνointmentN2N GPN · μύρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμύρον: meaning 'ointment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
πηγὴ κήπων φρέαρ ὕδατος ζῶντος καὶ ῥοιζοῦντος ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιβάνου
a fountain of gardens, a well of living water, and flowing streams from Lebanon.
Fountain and living water imagery deepen the sense of life-giving plenitude.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πηγὴspringN1 NSF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κήπωνof gardensN2 GPM · κῆποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκῆπος: meaning 'of gardens'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φρέαρwellN3T NSN · φρέαρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρέαρ: meaning 'well'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζῶντοςlivingV3 · παπγσμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥοιζοῦντοςflowingV2 · παπγσμ ῥοιζέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ῥοιζέω: meaning 'flowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
ἐξεγέρθητι βορρᾶ καὶ ἔρχου νότε διάπνευσον κῆπόν μου καὶ ῥευσάτωσαν ἀρώματά μου καταβήτω ἀδελφιδός μου εἰς κῆπον αὐτοῦ καὶ φαγέτω καρπὸν ἀκροδρύων αὐτοῦ
Awake, north wind, and come, south wind; breathe upon my garden, and let its spices flow. Let my beloved come down into his garden and eat its choice fruits.
The final invitation releases the garden to wind and beloved alike, moving praise toward consummation.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐξεγέρθητιrise upVC APD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'rise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βορρᾶnorth windN1T VSM · βορέαςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβορέας: meaning 'north wind'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔρχουcomeV1 PMD2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νότεsouth windN2 VSM · νότοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressνότος: meaning 'south wind'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
διάπνευσονbreathe uponVA AAD2S · πνέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπνέω + δια: meaning 'breathe upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κῆπόνgardenN2 ASM · κῆποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκῆπος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥευσάτωσανlet flowVA AAD3P · ῥέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥέω: meaning 'let flow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀρώματάspicesN3M NPN · ἄρωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρωμα: meaning 'spices'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταβήτωlet come downVA AAD3S · βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'let come down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κῆπονgardenN2 ASM · κῆποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκῆπος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαγέτωlet him eatVB AAD3S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω: meaning 'let him eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀκροδρύωνchoice fruitsN3U GPN · ἀκρόδρυαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρόδρυα: meaning 'choice fruits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.