1
εἰσῆλθον εἰς κῆπόν μου ἀδελφή μου νύμφη ἐτρύγησα σμύρναν μου μετὰ ἀρωμάτων μου ἔφαγον ἄρτον μου μετὰ μέλιτός μου ἔπιον οἶνόν μου μετὰ γάλακτός μου φάγετε πλησίοι καὶ πίετε καὶ μεθύσθητε ἀδελφοί
I entered my garden, my sister, bride; I gathered my myrrh with my spices, I ate my bread with my honey, I drank my wine with my milk. Eat, friends, and drink, and be drunk, brothers.
The chapter begins in abundance and welcome, as garden and banquet imagery suggest fulfilled intimacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
εἰσῆλθονI enteredVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαι + ἐιςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐις: meaning 'I entered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κῆπόνgardenN2 ASM · κῆποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκῆπος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφήsisterN1 VSF · ἀδελφήvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφή: meaning 'sister'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νύμφηbrideN1 VSF · νύμφηvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressνύμφη: meaning 'bride'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐτρύγησαI gatheredVAI AAI1S · τρυγάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρυγάω: meaning 'I gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σμύρνανmyrrhN1S ASF · σμύρναaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσμύρνα: meaning 'myrrh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρωμάτωνaromaN3M GPN · ἄρωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρωμα: meaning 'aroma'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔφαγονeatsVBI AAI1S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'eats'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρτονbreadN2 ASM · ἄρτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέλιτόςhoneyN3T GSN · μέλιgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέλι: meaning 'honey'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔπιονdrinkVBI AAI1S · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶνόνwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γάλακτόςmilkN3 GSN · γάλαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγάλα: meaning 'milk'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φάγετεeatVF FAI2P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλησίοιfriendsN2 VPM · πλησίοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressπλησίος: meaning 'friends'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίετεdrinkVB AAD2P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθύσθητεbe drunkVS APD2P · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμεθύω: meaning 'be drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδελφοίbrotherN2 VPM · ἀδελφόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
2
ἐγὼ καθεύδω καὶ ἡ καρδία μου ἀγρυπνεῖ φωνὴ ἀδελφιδοῦ μου κρούει ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν ἄνοιξόν μοι ἀδελφή μου ἡ πλησίον μου περιστερά μου τελεία μου ὅτι ἡ κεφαλή μου ἐπλήσθη δρόσου καὶ οἱ βόστρυχοί μου ψεκάδων νυκτός
I sleep, but my heart is awake. The voice of my beloved knocks at the door: “Open to me, my sister, my companion, my dove, my perfect one, for my head is filled with dew and my locks with drops of the night.”
Even in sleep the woman remains receptive; the beloved's voice comes with repeated tender titles.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καθεύδωI sleepV1 PAI1S · εὕδω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὕδω + κατα: meaning 'I sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγρυπνεῖis awakeV2 PAI3S · ἀγρυπνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγρυπνέω: meaning 'is awake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀδελφιδοῦof the belovedN2 GSM · ἀδελφιδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδελφιδός: meaning 'of the beloved'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρούειknocksV1 PAI3S · κρούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρούω: meaning 'knocks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoorN1A ASF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνοιξόνopenVA AAD2S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφήsisterN1 VSF · ἀδελφήvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφή: meaning 'sister'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡmyRA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περιστεράdoveN1A VSF · περιστεράvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressπεριστερά: meaning 'dove'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τελείαperfect oneA1A VSF · τέλειοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressτέλειος: meaning 'perfect one'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλήheadN1 NSF · κεφαλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπλήσθηwas fulfilledVSI API3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'was fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δρόσουdewN2 GSF · δρόσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδρόσος: meaning 'dew'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βόστρυχοίlocksN2 NPM · βόστρυχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβόστρυχος: meaning 'locks'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψεκάδωνdropsN3D GPF · ψεκάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψεκάς: meaning 'drops'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νυκτόςnightN3 GSF · νύξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
ἐξεδυσάμην τὸν χιτῶνά μου πῶς ἐνδύσωμαι αὐτόν ἐνιψάμην τοὺς πόδας μου πῶς μολυνῶ αὐτούς
I have taken off my tunic; how shall I put it on? I have washed my feet; how shall I soil them?
Her hesitation is practical and intimate, and the delay creates the chapter's sudden crisis.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐξεδυσάμηνI took offVAI AMI1S · δύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδύω + ἐκ: meaning 'I took off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιτῶνάtunicN3W ASM · χιτώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχιτών: meaning 'tunic'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσωμαιshall I put onVA AMS1S · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδύω + ἐν: meaning 'shall I put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνιψάμηνI washedVAI AMI1S · νίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνίπτω: meaning 'I washed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςpoysN3D APM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'poys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μολυνῶshall I soilVA AAS1S · μολύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμολύνω: meaning 'shall I soil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ἀδελφιδός μου ἀπέστειλεν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀπῆς καὶ ἡ κοιλία μου ἐθροήθη ἐπ' αὐτόν
My beloved put forth his hand through the opening, and my inward parts were stirred for him.
A small gesture from the beloved awakens the whole inner being of the speaker.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπῆςopeningN1 GSF · ὀπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀπή: meaning 'opening'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαbelly / wombN1A NSF · κοιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐθροήθηwas stirredVCI API3S · θροέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθροέω: meaning 'was stirred'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ἀνέστην ἐγὼ ἀνοῖξαι τῷ ἀδελφιδῷ μου χεῖρές μου ἔσταξαν σμύρναν δάκτυλοί μου σμύρναν πλήρη ἐπὶ χεῖρας τοῦ κλείθρου
I rose to open to my beloved; my hands dripped myrrh, my fingers full of myrrh upon the handles of the lock.
Myrrh marks both desire and delay; even the lock bears the scent of the missed encounter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἀνέστηνistemi + anaVHI AAI1S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνοῖξαιopenVA AAN · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφιδῷto the belovedN2 DSM · ἀδελφιδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'to the beloved'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χεῖρέςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσταξανdrippedVAI AAI3P · στάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστάζω: meaning 'dripped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σμύρνανmyrrhN1S ASF · σμύρναaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσμύρνα: meaning 'myrrh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δάκτυλοίfingersN2 NPM · δάκτυλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδάκτυλος: meaning 'fingers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σμύρνανmyrrhN1S ASF · σμύρναaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσμύρνα: meaning 'myrrh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλήρηfullA3H ASF · πλήρηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλείθρουlockN2N GSN · κλεῖθρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκλεῖθρον: meaning 'lock'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
ἤνοιξα ἐγὼ τῷ ἀδελφιδῷ μου ἀδελφιδός μου παρῆλθεν ψυχή μου ἐξῆλθεν ἐν λόγῳ αὐτοῦ ἐζήτησα αὐτὸν καὶ οὐχ εὗρον αὐτόν ἐκάλεσα αὐτόν καὶ οὐχ ὑπήκουσέν μου
I opened to my beloved, but my beloved had turned away and gone. My soul went out at his word. I sought him and did not find him; I called him, and he did not answer me.
By the time she opens, presence has become absence, and longing becomes search again.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἤνοιξαI openedVAI AAI1S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'I opened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφιδῷto the belovedN2 DSM · ἀδελφιδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'to the beloved'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρῆλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λόγῳwordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐζήτησαto inquireVAI AAI1S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζητέω: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὗρονI have foundVB AAI1S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'I have found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκάλεσαyou have invited / calledVAI AAI1S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'you have invited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπήκουσένansweredVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
εὕροσάν με οἱ φύλακες οἱ κυκλοῦντες ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐπάταξάν με ἐτραυμάτισάν με ἦραν τὸ θέριστρόν μου ἀπ' ἐμοῦ φύλακες τῶν τειχέων
The watchmen who go about in the city found me; they struck me, they wounded me, the keepers of the walls took away my veil from me.
The city watchmen now turn hostile, adding public shame and violence to erotic loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
εὕροσάνfoundVA AAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φύλακεςwatchmenN3K NPM · φύλαξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφύλαξ: meaning 'watchmen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυκλοῦντεςgoing aboutV4 · παπνπμ κυκλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ κυκλόω: meaning 'going about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπάταξάνstruckVAI AAI3P · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐτραυμάτισάνwoundedVAI AAI3P · τραυματίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτραυματίζω: meaning 'wounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦρανlifted upVAI AAI3P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω: meaning 'lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θέριστρόνveilN2N ASN · θέριστρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθέριστρον: meaning 'veil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φύλακεςwatchmenN3K NPM · φύλαξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφύλαξ: meaning 'watchmen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τειχέωνwallN3E GPN · τεῖχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
ὥρκισα ὑμᾶς θυγατέρες Ιερουσαλημ ἐν ταῖς δυνάμεσιν καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἰσχύσεσιν τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἐὰν εὕρητε τὸν ἀδελφιδόν μου τί ἀπαγγείλητε αὐτῷ ὅτι τετρωμένη ἀγάπης εἰμὶ ἐγώ
I adjure you, daughters of Jerusalem: if you find my beloved, what will you report to him? That I am wounded with love.
Her adjuration to the daughters becomes a confession of love-sickness rather than a warning about awakening love.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ὥρκισαορκιζωVAI AAI1S · ὁρκίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁρκίζω: meaning 'ορκιζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 VPF · θυγάτηρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεσινforcesN3I DPF · δύναμιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'forces'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύσεσινstrengthsN3U DPF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strengths'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρητεyou findVB AAS2P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφιδόνbelovedN2 ASM · ἀδελφιδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπαγγείλητεyou reportVA AAS2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'you report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρωμένηwoundedVM · χππνσφ τιτρώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσφ τιτρώσκω: meaning 'wounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγάπηςwith loveN1 GSF · ἀγάπηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγάπη: meaning 'with love'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰμὶI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'I am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
τί ἀδελφιδός σου ἀπὸ ἀδελφιδοῦ ἡ καλὴ ἐν γυναιξίν τί ἀδελφιδός σου ἀπὸ ἀδελφιδοῦ ὅτι οὕτως ὥρκισας ἡμᾶς
What is your beloved more than another beloved, O beautiful among women? What is your beloved more than another beloved, that you have thus adjured us?
The chorus asks for reasons, inviting the extended encomium that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδελφιδοῦof the belovedN2 GSM · ἀδελφιδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδελφιδός: meaning 'of the beloved'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡmyRA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλὴbeautifulA1 VSF · καλόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναιξίνwifeN3K DPF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδελφιδοῦof the belovedN2 GSM · ἀδελφιδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδελφιδός: meaning 'of the beloved'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥρκισαςadjuredVAI AAI2S · ὁρκίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁρκίζω: meaning 'adjured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ἀδελφιδός μου λευκὸς καὶ πυρρός ἐκλελοχισμένος ἀπὸ μυριάδων
My beloved is white and ruddy, chosen from among thousands.
The beloved is introduced in vivid color and singular excellence.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λευκὸςwhiteA1 NSM · λευκόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλευκός: meaning 'white'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πυρρόςruddyA1A NSM · πυρρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπυρρός: meaning 'ruddy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκλελοχισμένοςchosenVS · χππνσμ λοχίζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ λοχίζω + ἐκ: meaning 'chosen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μυριάδωνten thousandN3D GPF · μυριάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμυριάς: meaning 'ten thousand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ χρυσίον καὶ φαζ βόστρυχοι αὐτοῦ ἐλάται μέλανες ὡς κόραξ
His head is finest gold; his locks are palm clusters, black as a raven.
Gold and raven-black hair create regal and sensuous contrast.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κεφαλὴheadN1 NSF · κεφαλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαζthousandsN N · φαζadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastφαζ: meaning 'thousands'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόστρυχοιlocksN2 NPM · βόστρυχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβόστρυχος: meaning 'locks'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάταιpalm clustersN1 NPF · ἐλάτηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλάτη: meaning 'palm clusters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μέλανεςblackA3E NPM · μέλαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέλας: meaning 'black'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόραξravenN3K NSM · κόραξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόραξ: meaning 'raven'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
12
ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ ὡς περιστεραὶ ἐπὶ πληρώματα ὑδάτων λελουσμέναι ἐν γάλακτι καθήμεναι ἐπὶ πληρώματα ὑδάτων
His eyes are like doves by streams of water, washed in milk, sitting by fullness.
The eyes are portrayed with living softness, purity, and fullness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιστεραὶdoveN1A NPF · περιστεράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεριστερά: meaning 'dove'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πληρώματαfullnessN3M APN · πλήρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλήρωμα: meaning 'fullness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑδάτωνὕδωρN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λελουσμέναιwashedVM · χππνπφ λούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπφ λούω: meaning 'washed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γάλακτιmilkN3 DSN · γάλαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγάλα: meaning 'milk'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καθήμεναιsittingV5 · πμπνπφ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπφ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πληρώματαfullnessN3M APN · πλήρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλήρωμα: meaning 'fullness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑδάτωνὕδωρN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
σιαγόνες αὐτοῦ ὡς φιάλαι τοῦ ἀρώματος φύουσαι μυρεψικά χείλη αὐτοῦ κρίνα στάζοντα σμύρναν πλήρη
His cheeks are like bowls of spices, growing perfumed herbs; his lips are lilies dripping full myrrh.
Face and lips are turned into perfume and floral abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σιαγόνεςcheeksN3N NPF · σιαγώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσιαγών: meaning 'cheeks'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φιάλαιbowlN1 NPF · φιάληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφιάλη: meaning 'bowl'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρώματοςspicesN3M GSN · ἄρωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρωμα: meaning 'spices'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φύουσαιgrowingV1 · παπνπφ φύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπφ φύω: meaning 'growing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μυρεψικάperfumed herbsA1 APN · μυρεψικόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμυρεψικός: meaning 'perfumed herbs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χείληlipN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lip'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρίναliliesN2N NPN · κρίνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίνον: meaning 'lilies'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στάζονταdrippingV1 · παπνπν στάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπν στάζω: meaning 'dripping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σμύρνανmyrrhN1S ASF · σμύρναaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσμύρνα: meaning 'myrrh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλήρηfullA3H ASF · πλήρηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
χεῖρες αὐτοῦ τορευταὶ χρυσαῖ πεπληρωμέναι θαρσις κοιλία αὐτοῦ πυξίον ἐλεφάντινον ἐπὶ λίθου σαπφείρου
His hands are turned works of gold, filled with Tarshish; his belly is an ivory panel upon sapphire stone.
Hands and torso are rendered in precious materials, giving the beloved almost sculptural splendor.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τορευταὶturned worksA1 NPF · τορευτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτορευτός: meaning 'turned works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσαῖgoldenA1C NPF · χρυσοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πεπληρωμέναιfilledVM · χππνπφ πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπφ πληρόω: meaning 'filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θαρσιςTarshishN G · θαρσιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastθαρσις: meaning 'Tarshish'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιλίαbelly / wombN1A NSF · κοιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πυξίονpanelN2N NSN · πυξίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπυξίον: meaning 'panel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλεφάντινονivoryA1 NSN · ἐλεφάντινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεφάντινος: meaning 'ivory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λίθουstoneN2 GSM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαπφείρουsapphireN2 GSF · σάπφειροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάπφειρος: meaning 'sapphire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
κνῆμαι αὐτοῦ στῦλοι μαρμάρινοι τεθεμελιωμένοι ἐπὶ βάσεις χρυσᾶς εἶδος αὐτοῦ ὡς Λίβανος ἐκλεκτὸς ὡς κέδροι
His legs are marble pillars founded on golden bases; his appearance is like Lebanon, choice as cedars.
The portrait broadens into architectural and landscape grandeur.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
κνῆμαιlegsN1 NPF · κνήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκνήμη: meaning 'legs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
στῦλοιpillarsN2 NPM · στῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστῦλος: meaning 'pillars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μαρμάρινοιmarbleA1 NPM · μαρμάρινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαρμάρινος: meaning 'marble'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τεθεμελιωμένοιfoundedVM · χππνπμ θεμελιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπμ θεμελιόω: meaning 'founded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βάσειςbasesN3I APF · βάσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάσις: meaning 'bases'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χρυσᾶςgoldenA1C APF · χρυσοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶδοςappearanceN3E NSN · εἶδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἶδος: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΛίβανοςLebanonN2 NSM · Λίβανοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΛίβανος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκλεκτὸςchoiceA1 NSM · ἐκλεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'choice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κέδροιcedarsN2 NPF · κέδροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκέδρος: meaning 'cedars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
φάρυγξ αὐτοῦ γλυκασμοὶ καὶ ὅλος ἐπιθυμία οὗτος ἀδελφιδός μου καὶ οὗτος πλησίον μου θυγατέρες Ιερουσαλημ
His throat is sweetness, and he is altogether desire. This is my beloved and this is my companion, daughters of Jerusalem.
The description culminates not in one feature but in total desirability and relational claim.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
φάρυγξthroatN3G NSM · φάρυγξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γλυκασμοὶsweetnessN2 NPM · γλυκασμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλυκασμός: meaning 'sweetness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅλοςall overA1 NSM · ὅλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅλος: meaning 'all over'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιθυμίαdesireN1A NSF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδελφιδόςbelovedN2 NSM · ἀδελφιδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 VPF · θυγάτηρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.