1
ἐπίστρεφε ἐπίστρεφε ἡ Σουλαμῖτις ἐπίστρεφε ἐπίστρεφε καὶ ὀψόμεθα ἐν σοί τί ὄψεσθε ἐν τῇ Σουλαμίτιδι ἡ ἐρχομένη ὡς χοροὶ τῶν παρεμβολῶν
Return, return, O Shulammite; return, return, and we will gaze upon you. What will you gaze upon in the Shulammite? As upon the dances of the camps.
The chapter opens with repeated summons and public gaze, presenting the Shulammite as a figure of communal admiration and movement.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐπίστρεφεturn backV1 PAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπίστρεφεturn backV1 PAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡORA VSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣουλαμῖτιςShulammiteN3D VSF · Σουλαμῖτιςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ participant identificationΣουλαμῖτις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐπίστρεφεturn backV1 PAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπίστρεφεturn backV1 PAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀψόμεθαseeVF FMI1P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄψεσθεsawVF FMI2P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣουλαμίτιδιShulammiteN3D DSF · Σουλαμῖτιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΣουλαμίτιδι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρχομένηπμπνσφ ἔρχομαιV1 · πμπνσφ ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'πμπνσφ ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χοροὶdancesN2 NPM · χορόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχορός: meaning 'dances'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῶνcampsN1 GPF · παρεμβολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camps'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
τί ὡραιώθησαν διαβήματά σου ἐν ὑποδήμασιν θύγατερ Ναδαβ ῥυθμοὶ μηρῶν σου ὅμοιοι ὁρμίσκοις ἔργῳ χειρῶν τεχνίτου
How beautiful are your steps in sandals, daughter of Nadab; the curves of your thighs are like necklaces, the work of a craftsman's hands.
The praise begins from below, admiring ordered movement, crafted beauty, and rhythmic bodily grace.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡραιώθησανbecame beautifulVC API3P · ὡραιοῦμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὡραιοῦμαι: meaning 'became beautiful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διαβήματάstepsN3M NPN · διάβημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάβημα: meaning 'steps'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑποδήμασινsandalsN3M DPN · ὑπόδημαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπόδημα: meaning 'sandals'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θύγατερdaughterN3 VSF · θυγάτηρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ΝαδαβNadabN GSM · Ναδαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαδαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ῥυθμοὶcurvesN2 NPM · ῥυθμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥυθμός: meaning 'curves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μηρῶνof thighsN2 GPM · μηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμηρός: meaning 'of thighs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅμοιοιlikeA1A NPM · ὅμοιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅμοιος: meaning 'like'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁρμίσκοιςnecklacesN2 DPM · ὁρμίσκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁρμίσκος: meaning 'necklaces'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔργῳworkN2N DSN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεχνίτουcraftsmanN1M GSM · τεχνίτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτεχνίτης: meaning 'craftsman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
ὀμφαλός σου κρατὴρ τορευτὸς μὴ ὑστερούμενος κρᾶμα κοιλία σου θιμωνιὰ σίτου πεφραγμένη ἐν κρίνοις
Your navel is a rounded bowl not lacking mixed wine; your belly is a heap of wheat fenced about with lilies.
Mid-body imagery turns domestic and agricultural, joining nourishment, symmetry, and fertility.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὀμφαλόςnavelN2 NSM · ὀμφαλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀμφαλός: meaning 'navel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρατὴρbowlN3H NSM · κρατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρατήρ: meaning 'bowl'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τορευτὸςroundedA1 NSM · τορευτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτορευτός: meaning 'rounded'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑστερούμενοςlackingV2 · πμπνσμ ὑστερέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ὑστερέω: meaning 'lacking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρᾶμαmixed wineN3M ASN · κρᾶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρᾶμα: meaning 'mixed wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κοιλίαbelly / wombN1A NSF · κοιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θιμωνιὰheapN1A NSF · θιμωνιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθιμωνιά: meaning 'heap'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σίτουgrainN2 GSM · σῖτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεφραγμένηfenced aboutVK · χμπνσφ φράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ φράσσω: meaning 'fenced about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίνοιςliliesN2N DPN · κρίνονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίνον: meaning 'lilies'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
4
δύο μαστοί σου ὡς δύο νεβροὶ δίδυμοι δορκάδος
Your two breasts are like two fawns, twins of a gazelle.
The familiar twin-fawn comparison returns, repeating tenderness and balance rather than possession.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαστοίbreastsN2 NPM · μαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεβροὶfawnsN2 NPM · νεβρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεβρός: meaning 'fawns'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίδυμοιtwinsA1 NPM · δίδυμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίδυμος: meaning 'twins'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δορκάδοςof a gazelleN3D GSF · δορκάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδορκάς: meaning 'of a gazelle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
τράχηλός σου ὡς πύργος ἐλεφάντινος ὀφθαλμοί σου ὡς λίμναι ἐν Εσεβων ἐν πύλαις θυγατρὸς πολλῶν μυκτήρ σου ὡς πύργος τοῦ Λιβάνου σκοπεύων πρόσωπον Δαμασκοῦ
Your neck is like an ivory tower; your eyes like pools in Heshbon by the gate of the daughter of many; your nose like the tower of Lebanon looking toward Damascus.
Neck, eyes, and nose are rendered in architectural and water imagery, giving the body both serenity and grandeur.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τράχηλόςneckN2 NSM · τράχηλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πύργοςtowerN2 NSM · πύργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπύργος: meaning 'tower'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλεφάντινοςivoryA1 NSM · ἐλεφάντινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεφάντινος: meaning 'ivory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίμναιpoolsN1 NPF · λίμνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλίμνη: meaning 'pools'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΕσεβωνHeshbonN DS · Εσεβωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕσεβων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θυγατρὸςdaughterN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μυκτήρnoseN3H NSM · μυκτήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμυκτήρ: meaning 'nose'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πύργοςtowerN2 NSM · πύργοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπύργος: meaning 'tower'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκοπεύωνlooking towardV1 · παπνσμ σκοπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σκοπεύω: meaning 'looking toward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusN GS · Δαμασκόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαμασκοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
6
κεφαλή σου ἐπὶ σὲ ὡς Κάρμηλος καὶ πλόκιον κεφαλῆς σου ὡς πορφύρα βασιλεὺς δεδεμένος ἐν παραδρομαῖς
Your head upon you is like Carmel, and the flowing hair of your head like purple; a king is bound in the tresses.
Head, hair, and purple imagery culminate in the striking claim that even a king is held fast by her beauty.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
κεφαλήheadN1 NSF · κεφαλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚάρμηλοςCarmelN NS · Κάρμηλοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΚάρμηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλόκιονflowing hairN2N NSN · πλόκιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλόκιον: meaning 'flowing hair'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραpurpleN1A NSF · πορφύραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπορφύρα: meaning 'purple'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δεδεμένοςboundVM · χμπνσμ δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ δέω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παραδρομαῖςtressesN1 DPF · παραδρομήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαραδρομή: meaning 'tresses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
7
τί ὡραιώθης καὶ τί ἡδύνθης ἀγάπη ἐν τρυφαῖς σου
How beautiful you are and how sweet you are, O love, in your delights.
The long catalogue pauses to summarize beauty as sweetness, delight, and belovedness.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡραιώθηςbecame beautifulVCI API2S · ὡραιοῦμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὡραιοῦμαι: meaning 'became beautiful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡδύνθηςbecame sweetVC API2S · ἡδύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἡδύνω: meaning 'became sweet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγάπηO loveN1 VSF · ἀγάπηvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀγάπη: meaning 'O love'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τρυφαῖςdelightsN1 DPF · τρυφήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρυφή: meaning 'delights'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
τοῦτο μέγεθός σου ὡμοιώθη τῷ φοίνικι καὶ οἱ μαστοί σου τοῖς βότρυσιν
This your stature is like a palm tree, and your breasts to clusters.
The body is now compared to a palm, so that stature, fruitfulness, and desire are joined in a single image.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μέγεθόςstatureN3E NSN · μέγεθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγεθος: meaning 'stature'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡμοιώθηwas likeVCI API3S · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμοιόω: meaning 'was like'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοίνικιpalm treeN3K DSM · φοῖνιξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφοῖνιξ: meaning 'palm tree'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαστοίbreastsN2 NPM · μαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βότρυσινclustersN3U DPM · βότρυςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβότρυς: meaning 'clusters'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
9
εἶπα ἀναβήσομαι ἐν τῷ φοίνικι κρατήσω τῶν ὕψεων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσονται δὴ μαστοί σου ὡς βότρυες τῆς ἀμπέλου καὶ ὀσμὴ ῥινός σου ὡς μῆλα
I said, I will climb the palm tree, I will seize its branches; let your breasts indeed be like clusters of the vine, and the scent of your nose like apples.
The speaker now voices desire directly, moving from comparison to explicit longing and approach.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναβήσομαιI will ascendVF FMI1S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'I will ascend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοίνικιpalm treeN3K DSM · φοῖνιξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφοῖνιξ: meaning 'palm tree'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρατήσωholding powerVF FAI1S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρατέω: meaning 'holding power'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψεωνbranchesN3E GPN · ὕψοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψος: meaning 'branches'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαστοίbreastsN2 NPM · μαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βότρυεςclustersN3U NPM · βότρυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβότρυς: meaning 'clusters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπέλουvineN2 GSF · ἄμπελοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴfragranceN1 NSF · ὀσμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀσμή: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ῥινόςof noseN3 GSF · ῥίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥίς: meaning 'of nose'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μῆλαapplesN2N NPN · μῆλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμῆλον: meaning 'apples'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
καὶ λάρυγξ σου ὡς οἶνος ὁ ἀγαθὸς πορευόμενος τῷ ἀδελφιδῷ μου εἰς εὐθύθητα ἱκανούμενος χείλεσίν μου καὶ ὀδοῦσιν
And your throat like the good wine going straight to my beloved, gliding over my lips and teeth.
Wine imagery merges with mouth and voice, so that pleasure is described as smooth, straight, and intimate.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάρυγξthroatN3G NSM · λάρυγξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πορευόμενοςgoingV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ πορεύομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφιδῷbelovedN2 DSM · ἀδελφιδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐθύθηταstraightnessN3T ASF · εὐθύτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐθύτης: meaning 'straightness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἱκανούμενοςglidingV4 · πμπνσμ ἱκανόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἱκανόω: meaning 'gliding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χείλεσίνlipsN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀδοῦσινteethN3 DPM · ὀδούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
11
ἐγὼ τῷ ἀδελφιδῷ μου καὶ ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἡ ἐπιστροφὴ αὐτοῦ
I am my beloved's, and his turning is toward me.
The reciprocal formula reappears, grounding desire in mutual belonging rather than one-sided pursuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφιδῷbelovedN2 DSM · ἀδελφιδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστροφὴturningN1 NSF · ἐπιστροφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιστροφή: meaning 'turning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἐλθέ ἀδελφιδέ μου ἐξέλθωμεν εἰς ἀγρόν αὐλισθῶμεν ἐν κώμαις
Come, my beloved, let us go out into the field; let us lodge in the villages.
Love moves outward into field and village; intimacy is no longer hidden indoors but seeks shared space.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐλθέcomeVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδελφιδέbelovedN2 VSM · ἀδελφιδόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξέλθωμενlet us go outVB AAS1P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'let us go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγρόνfieldN2 ASM · ἀγρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐλισθῶμενlet us lodgeVS APS1P · αὐλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαὐλίζω: meaning 'let us lodge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κώμαιςvillagesN1 DPF · κώμηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκώμη: meaning 'villages'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
13
ὀρθρίσωμεν εἰς ἀμπελῶνας ἴδωμεν εἰ ἤνθησεν ἡ ἄμπελος ἤνθησεν ὁ κυπρισμός ἤνθησαν αἱ ῥόαι ἐκεῖ δώσω τοὺς μαστούς μου σοί
Let us rise early to the vineyards; let us see whether the vine has blossomed, whether the henna has flowered, whether the pomegranates have bloomed. There I will give you my breasts.
The lovers plan an early inspection of blossoming fertility, and the promise of gift follows the sight of ripening life.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὀρθρίσωμενlet us rise earlyVA AAS1P · ὀρθρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀρθρίζω: meaning 'let us rise early'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμπελῶναςvineyardN3W APM · ἀμπελώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἴδωμενwe may seeVB AAS1P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'we may see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνθησενblossomedVAI AAI3S · ἀνθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀνθέω: meaning 'blossomed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμπελοςvineN2 NSF · ἄμπελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἤνθησενblossomedVAI AAI3S · ἀνθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀνθέω: meaning 'blossomed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυπρισμόςhenna blossomN2 NSM · κυπρισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκυπρισμός: meaning 'henna blossom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἤνθησανbloomedVAI AAI3P · ἀνθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀνθέω: meaning 'bloomed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥόαιpomegranatesN1 NPF · ῥοάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥοά: meaning 'pomegranates'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαστούςbreastsN2 APM · μαστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμαστός: meaning 'breasts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
οἱ μανδραγόραι ἔδωκαν ὀσμήν καὶ ἐπὶ θύραις ἡμῶν πάντα ἀκρόδρυα νέα πρὸς παλαιά ἀδελφιδέ μου ἐτήρησά σοι
The mandrakes have given fragrance, and at our doors are all choice fruits, new as well as old, which I have kept for you, my beloved.
Fragrance and stored fruit close the chapter with readiness, memory, and abundance reserved for the beloved alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μανδραγόραιmandrakesN1T NPM · μανδραγόραςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμανδραγόρας: meaning 'mandrakes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀσμήνfragranceN1 ASF · ὀσμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀσμή: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θύραιςdoorsN1A DPF · θύραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθύρα: meaning 'doors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκρόδρυαchoice fruitsN3U NPN · ἀκρόδρυαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκρόδρυα: meaning 'choice fruits'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νέαnewA1A NPN · νέοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνέος: meaning 'new'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παλαιάoldA1A APN · παλαιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαλαιός: meaning 'old'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδελφιδέbelovedN2 VSM · ἀδελφιδόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφιδός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐτήρησάI keptVAI AAI1S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτηρέω: meaning 'I kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.