Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Tobit, Chapter 1ΤΩΒΙΤ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Tobit 1 is the book's autobiographical and theological overture.

Translation & textual notes

Tobit 1 is the book's autobiographical and theological overture. It introduces Tobit as a man of truth, righteousness, cultic fidelity, and almsgiving, while locating his life inside the dislocations of Assyrian exile and the apostasy of his own tribe. The chapter is especially important because it defines righteousness in concretely Jewish terms: pilgrimage to Jerusalem, tithing, mercy to kin, refusal of Gentile food, and burial of the dead. These practices are not decorative background but the very habits that make Tobit's later suffering intelligible and his later vindication meaningful.

1

βίβλος λόγων Τωβιτ τοῦ Τωβιηλ τοῦ Ανανιηλ τοῦ Αδουηλ τοῦ Γαβαηλ ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Ασιηλ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλιμ

The book of the words of Tobit, son of Tobiel, son of Ananiel, son of Aduel, son of Gabael, from the seed of Asiel, of the tribe of Naphtali,

Genealogical book openingβίβλος
The chapter opens in formal autobiographical style, rooting Tobit's story in lineage, tribe, and inherited identity before the narrative of exile and righteousness begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
βίβλοςbookN2 NSF · βίβλοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseβίβλος: lexical item rendered 'book' in this chapter's immediate context.
λόγωνof wordsN2 GPM · λόγοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseλόγων: lexical item rendered 'of words' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΤωβιτTobitN GSM · Τωβιτproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιτ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΤωβιηλTobielN GSM · Τωβιηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΑνανιηλAnanielN GSM · Ἁνανιηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΑνανιηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΑδουηλAduelN GSM · Ἀδουηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΑδουηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΓαβαηλGabaelN GSM · Γαβαηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΓαβαηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
σπέρματοςseedN3M GSN · σπέρμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσπέρματος: lexical item rendered 'seed' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑσιηλAsielN GSM · Ἀσιηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΑσιηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseφυλῆς: lexical item rendered 'tribe' in this chapter's immediate context.
Νεφθαλιμof NaphtaliN GSF · Νεφθαλιμproper name within the narrative sequenceΝεφθαλιμ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
2

ὃς ᾐχμαλωτεύθη ἐν ἡμέραις Ενεμεσσαρου τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων ἐκ Θισβης ἥ ἐστιν ἐκ δεξιῶν Κυδιως τῆς Νεφθαλιμ ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ ὑπεράνω Ασηρ

who was taken captive in the days of Enemessar king of the Assyrians from Thisbe, which is to the south of Kydios of Naphtali, in Galilee above Asher.

Exilic placementὃς
The verse locates Tobit's personal story inside the Assyrian deportation and carefully names his homeland so that exile is felt as concrete dislocation rather than abstract background.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὃς: grammatical form rendered 'who' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ᾐχμαλωτεύθηwas taken captiveVCI API3S · αἰχμαλωτεύωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseᾐχμαλωτεύθη: lexical item rendered 'was taken captive' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμέραις: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΕνεμεσσαρουEnemessarN2 GSM · Ἐνεμέσσαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΕνεμεσσαρου: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseβασιλέως: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
Ἀσσυρίωνof AssyriaN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςproper name within the narrative sequenceἈσσυρίων: lexical item rendered 'of Assyria' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΘισβηςThisbeN1 GSF · Θίσβηproper name within the narrative sequenceΘισβης: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
whichRR NSF · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἥ: grammatical form rendered 'which' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐστιν: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δεξιῶνto the southA1A GPN · δεξιόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδεξιῶν: lexical item rendered 'to the south' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΚυδιωςKydiosN GS · Κυδιωςproper name within the narrative sequenceΚυδιως: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
Νεφθαλιμof NaphtaliN GSF · Νεφθαλιμproper name within the narrative sequenceΝεφθαλιμ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΓαλιλαίᾳGalileeN1A DSF · Γαλιλαίαproper name within the narrative sequenceΓαλιλαίᾳ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ὑπεράνωaboveP · ὑπεράνωpreposition governing the following phraseὑπεράνω: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'above' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΑσηρAsherN GSM · Ασηρproper name within the narrative sequenceΑσηρ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
3

ἐγὼ Τωβιτ ὁδοῖς ἀληθείας ἐπορευόμην καὶ δικαιοσύνης πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς μου καὶ ἐλεημοσύνας πολλὰς ἐποίησα τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου καὶ τῷ ἔθνει τοῖς συμπορευθεῖσιν μετ' ἐμοῦ εἰς χώραν Ἀσσυρίων εἰς Νινευη

I, Tobit, walked in ways of truth and righteousness all the days of my life, and I performed many acts of mercy for my brothers and for my nation who had gone with me into the land of the Assyrians, into Nineveh.

Programmatic self-descriptionἐγὼ
Tobit characterizes his life through truth, righteousness, and almsgiving, establishing the moral profile that will govern the whole book.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐγὼ: grammatical form rendered 'I' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΤωβιτTobitN NSM · Τωβιτproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιτ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ὁδοῖςin waysN2 DPF · ὁδόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὁδοῖς: lexical item rendered 'in ways' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀληθείαςof truthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀληθείας: lexical item rendered 'of truth' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπορευόμηνwas walkingV1I IMI1S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπορευόμην: lexical item rendered 'was walking' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδικαιοσύνης: lexical item rendered 'of righteousness' in this chapter's immediate context.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάσας: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμέρας: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseζωῆς: lexical item rendered 'of life' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐλεημοσύναςacts of mercyN1 APF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐλεημοσύνας: lexical item rendered 'acts of mercy' in this chapter's immediate context.
πολλὰςmanyA1 APF · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπολλὰς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐποίησαI didVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐποίησα: lexical item rendered 'I did' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀδελφοῖςbrothersN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀδελφοῖς: lexical item rendered 'brothers' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἔθνειnationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἔθνει: lexical item rendered 'nation' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
συμπορευθεῖσινhaving gone withVC · αππδπμ πορεύομαι + συνparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionσυμπορευθεῖσιν: lexical item rendered 'having gone with' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'with' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
χώρανlandN1A ASF · χώραnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseχώραν: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's immediate context.
Ἀσσυρίωνof AssyriaN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςproper name within the narrative sequenceἈσσυρίων: lexical item rendered 'of Assyria' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΝινευηNinevehN ASF · Νινευηproper name within the narrative sequenceΝινευη: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
4

καὶ ὅτε ἤμην ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ μου ἐν τῇ γῇ Ισραηλ νεωτέρου μου ὄντος πᾶσα φυλὴ τοῦ Νεφθαλιμ τοῦ πατρός μου ἀπέστη ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου Ιεροσολύμων τῆς ἐκλεγείσης ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν φυλῶν Ισραηλ εἰς τὸ θυσιάζειν πάσας τὰς φυλάς καὶ ἡγιάσθη ὁ ναὸς τῆς κατασκηνώσεως τοῦ ὑψίστου καὶ ᾠκοδομήθη εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος

And when I was in my own country, in the land of Israel, while I was still young, the whole tribe of Naphtali my father departed from the house of Jerusalem, the city chosen out of all the tribes of Israel for all the tribes to sacrifice there, and the temple of the dwelling of the Most High was sanctified and built for all generations forever.

Contrast between Jerusalem and apostasyκαὶ
Tobit frames his tribe's defection against Jerusalem's chosen centrality, setting up his own solitary fidelity as an exception within communal failure.
Word-by-word analysis· 55 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἤμηνI wasA1 ASF · ἐμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἤμην: lexical item rendered 'I was' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
χώρᾳcountryN1A DSF · χώραnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseχώρᾳ: lexical item rendered 'country' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγῇ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the narrative sequenceΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
νεωτέρουbeing youngerA1A GSMC · νέοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseνεωτέρου: lexical item rendered 'being younger' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὄντοςbeingV9 · παπγσμ εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionὄντος: lexical item rendered 'being' in this chapter's immediate context.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπᾶσα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseφυλὴ: lexical item rendered 'tribe' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
Νεφθαλιμof NaphtaliN GSM · Νεφθαλιμproper name within the narrative sequenceΝεφθαλιμ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατρόςof fatherN3 GSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρός: lexical item rendered 'of father' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀπέστηdepartedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέστη: lexical item rendered 'departed' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπὸ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἴκου: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΙεροσολύμωνJerusalemN GS · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the narrative sequenceΙεροσολύμων: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐκλεγείσηςhaving been chosenV1 · παπγσφ λέγω + ἐκparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἐκλεγείσης: lexical item rendered 'having been chosen' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπὸ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πασῶνallA1S GPF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπασῶν: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
φυλῶνtribesN1 GPF · φυλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseφυλῶν: lexical item rendered 'tribes' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the narrative sequenceΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θυσιάζεινto sacrificeV1 PAN · θυσιάζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseθυσιάζειν: lexical item rendered 'to sacrifice' in this chapter's immediate context.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάσας: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
φυλάςtribesN1 APF · φυλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseφυλάς: lexical item rendered 'tribes' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἡγιάσθηwas sanctifiedVSI API3S · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἡγιάσθη: lexical item rendered 'was sanctified' in this chapter's immediate context.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ναὸςtempleN2 NSM · ναόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseναὸς: lexical item rendered 'temple' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κατασκηνώσεωςof the dwellingN3I GSF · κατασκήνωσιςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκατασκηνώσεως: lexical item rendered 'of the dwelling' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὑψίστουof the Most HighA1A GSM · ὕψιστοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὑψίστου: lexical item rendered 'of the Most High' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ᾠκοδομήθηwas builtVCI API3S · οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseᾠκοδομήθη: lexical item rendered 'was built' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάσας: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γενεὰςgenerationsN1A APF · γενεάnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγενεὰς: lexical item rendered 'generations' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αἰῶνοςof the ageN3W GSM · αἰώνnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰῶνος: lexical item rendered 'of the age' in this chapter's immediate context.
5

καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ αἱ συναποστᾶσαι ἔθυον τῇ Βααλ τῇ δαμάλει καὶ ὁ οἶκος Νεφθαλιμ τοῦ πατρός μου

And all the tribes that had apostatized were sacrificing to Baal the heifer, including the house of Naphtali my father.

Corporate apostasy namedκαὶ
The mention of the calf cult sharpens the theological stakes: Tobit's later faithfulness is not generic morality but resistance to concrete idolatry.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπᾶσαι: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
φυλαὶtribesN1 NPF · φυλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseφυλαὶ: lexical item rendered 'tribes' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
συναποστᾶσαιhaving apostatized withVH · ααπνπφ ἵστημι + συν + ἀποparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionσυναποστᾶσαι: lexical item rendered 'having apostatized with' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔθυονwere sacrificingV1I IAI3P · θύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἔθυον: lexical item rendered 'were sacrificing' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΒααλBaalN DSF · Βααλproper name within the narrative sequenceΒααλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δαμάλειheiferN3I DSF · δάμαλιςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδαμάλει: lexical item rendered 'heifer' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's immediate context.
Νεφθαλιμof NaphtaliN GSM · Νεφθαλιμproper name within the narrative sequenceΝεφθαλιμ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατρόςof fatherN3 GSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρός: lexical item rendered 'of father' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
6

κἀγὼ μόνος ἐπορευόμην πλεονάκις εἰς Ιεροσόλυμα ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς καθὼς γέγραπται παντὶ τῷ Ισραηλ ἐν προστάγματι αἰωνίῳ τὰς ἀπαρχὰς καὶ τὰς δεκάτας τῶν γενημάτων καὶ τὰς πρωτοκουρίας ἔχων

But I alone often went to Jerusalem at the feasts, as it is written for all Israel in an eternal ordinance, having the firstfruits and the tithes of the produce and the first shearings,

Solitary fidelityκἀγὼ
Tobit emphasizes that he acted alone against tribal habit, and his obedience is expressed through pilgrimage and careful cultic observance.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
κἀγὼbut IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκἀγὼ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'but I' in this chapter's narrative flow.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμόνος: lexical item rendered 'alone' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπορευόμηνwas walkingV1I IMI1S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπορευόμην: lexical item rendered 'was walking' in this chapter's immediate context.
πλεονάκιςoftenD · πλεονάκιςadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationπλεονάκις: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'often' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΙεροσόλυμαJerusalemN AS · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the narrative sequenceΙεροσόλυμα: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseταῖς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἑορταῖςfeastsN1 DPF · ἑορτήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἑορταῖς: lexical item rendered 'feasts' in this chapter's immediate context.
καθὼςasD · καθώςadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationκαθὼς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'as' in this chapter's narrative flow.
γέγραπταιit is writtenVP XMI3S · γράφωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseγέγραπται: lexical item rendered 'it is written' in this chapter's immediate context.
παντὶfor allA3 DSM · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπαντὶ: lexical item rendered 'for all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the narrative sequenceΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
προστάγματιordinanceN3M DSN · πρόσταγμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπροστάγματι: lexical item rendered 'ordinance' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἰωνίῳeternalA1B DSN · αἰώνιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰωνίῳ: lexical item rendered 'eternal' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀπαρχὰςfirstfruitsN1 APF · ἀπαρχήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀπαρχὰς: lexical item rendered 'firstfruits' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δεκάταςtithesA1 APF · δέκατοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδεκάτας: lexical item rendered 'tithes' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γενημάτωνproduceN3M GPN · γένημαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγενημάτων: lexical item rendered 'produce' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πρωτοκουρίαςfirst shearingsN1A APF · πρωτοκουρίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπρωτοκουρίας: lexical item rendered 'first shearings' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔχωνhavingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἔχων: lexical item rendered 'having' in this chapter's immediate context.
7

καὶ ἐδίδουν αὐτὰς τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον πάντων τῶν γενημάτων τὴν δεκάτην ἐδίδουν τοῖς υἱοῖς Λευι τοῖς θεραπεύουσιν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ τὴν δευτέραν δεκάτην ἀπεπρατιζόμην καὶ ἐπορευόμην καὶ ἐδαπάνων αὐτὰ ἐν Ιεροσολύμοις καθ' ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτόν

and I would give them to the priests, the sons of Aaron, for the altar. I would give the tenth of all the produce to the sons of Levi who served in Jerusalem, and I would sell the second tenth and go and spend it in Jerusalem year by year.

Detailed cultic obedienceκαὶ
The precision of Tobit's giving is part of the point: his righteousness is concrete, patterned, and publicly enacted in relation to Jerusalem's worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐδίδουνI was givingV8I IMI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐδίδουν: lexical item rendered 'I was giving' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἱερεῦσιν: lexical item rendered 'priests' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱοῖςsonsN2 DPM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱοῖς: lexical item rendered 'sons' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑαρωνAaronN GSM · Ἀαρώνproper name within the narrative sequenceΑαρων: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'for' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθυσιαστήριον: lexical item rendered 'altar' in this chapter's immediate context.
πάντωνof allA3 GPN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάντων: lexical item rendered 'of all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γενημάτωνproduceN3M GPN · γένημαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγενημάτων: lexical item rendered 'produce' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δεκάτηνtenthA1 ASF · δέκατοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδεκάτην: lexical item rendered 'tenth' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐδίδουνI was givingV8I IMI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐδίδουν: lexical item rendered 'I was giving' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱοῖςsonsN2 DPM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱοῖς: lexical item rendered 'sons' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΛευιLeviN GSM · Λευίproper name within the narrative sequenceΛευι: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θεραπεύουσινservingV1 · παπδπμ θεραπεύωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionθεραπεύουσιν: lexical item rendered 'serving' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NS · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the narrative sequenceΙερουσαλημ: lexical item rendered 'Jerusalem' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δευτέρανsecondA1A ASF · δεύτεροςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδευτέραν: lexical item rendered 'second' in this chapter's immediate context.
δεκάτηνtenthA1 ASF · δέκατοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδεκάτην: lexical item rendered 'tenth' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπεπρατιζόμηνI would sell for cashV1I IMI1S · πρατίζομαι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἀπεπρατιζόμην: lexical item rendered 'I would sell for cash' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπορευόμηνwas walkingV1I IMI1S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπορευόμην: lexical item rendered 'was walking' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐδαπάνωνI spentV3I IAI3P · δαπανάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐδαπάνων: lexical item rendered 'I spent' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὰthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΙεροσολύμοιςJerusalemN DS · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the narrative sequenceΙεροσολύμοις: lexical item rendered 'Jerusalem' in this chapter's immediate context.
καθ'duringP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκαθ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'during' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἕκαστονeachA1 ASM · ἕκαστοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἕκαστον: lexical item rendered 'each' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνιαυτόνyearN2 ASM · ἐνιαυτόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐνιαυτόν: lexical item rendered 'year' in this chapter's immediate context.
8

καὶ τὴν τρίτην ἐδίδουν οἷς καθήκει καθὼς ἐνετείλατο Δεββωρα ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ πατρός μου διότι ὀρφανὸς κατελείφθην ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός μου

And the third I would give to those to whom it belonged, as Deborah the mother of my father had commanded, because I had been left an orphan by my father.

Charity shaped by family instructionκαὶ
Tobit's generosity is linked both to Torah-like obligation and to inherited maternal teaching, showing righteousness transmitted within the household.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τρίτηνthirdA1 ASF · τρίτοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτρίτην: lexical item rendered 'third' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐδίδουνI was givingV8I IMI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐδίδουν: lexical item rendered 'I was giving' in this chapter's immediate context.
οἷςto whomRR DPM · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἷς: grammatical form rendered 'to whom' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καθήκειit belongedV1 PAI3S · ἥκω + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseκαθήκει: lexical item rendered 'it belonged' in this chapter's immediate context.
καθὼςasD · καθώςadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationκαθὼς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'as' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedVAI AMI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐνετείλατο: lexical item rendered 'commanded' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΔεββωραDeborahN NSF · Δεββωραproper name within the narrative sequenceΔεββωρα: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseἡ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμήτηρ: lexical item rendered 'mother' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατρόςof fatherN3 GSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρός: lexical item rendered 'of father' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδιότι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὀρφανὸςorphanA1 NSM · ὀρφανόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀρφανὸς: lexical item rendered 'orphan' in this chapter's immediate context.
κατελείφθηνI was leftVVI API1S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκατελείφθην: lexical item rendered 'I was left' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phraseὑπὸ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'by' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατρόςof fatherN3 GSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρός: lexical item rendered 'of father' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
9

καὶ ὅτε ἐγενόμην ἀνήρ ἔλαβον Ανναν γυναῖκα ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος τῆς πατριᾶς ἡμῶν καὶ ἐγέννησα ἐξ αὐτῆς Τωβιαν

And when I became a man, I took Anna as wife from the seed of our kindred, and I begot Tobias by her.

Household formationκαὶ
The verse quietly establishes the family unit whose later vulnerability and restoration will drive the book forward.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐγενόμην: lexical item rendered 'I became' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀνήρa manN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'a man' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔλαβονI tookVBI AAI1S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔλαβον: lexical item rendered 'I took' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑννανAnnaN ASF · Αννανproper name within the narrative sequenceΑνναν: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
γυναῖκαas wifeN3K ASF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυναῖκα: lexical item rendered 'as wife' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
σπέρματοςseedN3M GSN · σπέρμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσπέρματος: lexical item rendered 'seed' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατριᾶςkindredA1A GSF · πάτριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατριᾶς: lexical item rendered 'kindred' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμῶν: grammatical form rendered 'our' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐγέννησαI begotVAI AAI1S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐγέννησα: lexical item rendered 'I begot' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐξ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΤωβιανTobiasN1T ASM · Τωβείαςproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιαν: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
10

καὶ ὅτε ᾐχμαλωτίσθην εἰς Νινευη πάντες οἱ ἀδελφοί μου καὶ οἱ ἐκ τοῦ γένους μου ἤσθιον ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων τῶν ἐθνῶν

And when I was taken captive into Nineveh, all my brothers and those of my kindred were eating the foods of the Gentiles.

Diaspora compromiseκαὶ
Exile exposes the contrast between Tobit's steadfastness and the ready accommodation of his kin to Gentile practice.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ᾐχμαλωτίσθηνI was led captiveVCI API1S · αἰχμαλωτίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseᾐχμαλωτίσθην: lexical item rendered 'I was led captive' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΝινευηNinevehN ASF · Νινευηproper name within the narrative sequenceΝινευη: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάντες: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseοἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀδελφοίbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀδελφοί: lexical item rendered 'brothers' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseοἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γένουςkindredN3E GSN · γένοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγένους: lexical item rendered 'kindred' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἤσθιονwere eatingV1I IAI3P · ἐσθίωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἤσθιον: lexical item rendered 'were eating' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἄρτωνfoodsN2 GPM · ἄρτοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἄρτων: lexical item rendered 'foods' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐθνῶνof the GentilesN3E GPN · ἔθνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐθνῶν: lexical item rendered 'of the Gentiles' in this chapter's immediate context.
11

ἐγὼ δὲ συνετήρησα τὴν ψυχήν μου μὴ φαγεῖν

But I kept watch over my soul so as not to eat,

Personal restraintἐγὼ
Tobit's refusal is described as guarding his own soul, underscoring that fidelity in exile requires deliberate interior vigilance.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐγὼ: grammatical form rendered 'I' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
συνετήρησαI kept watch overVAI AAI1S · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseσυνετήρησα: lexical item rendered 'I kept watch over' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseψυχήν: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμὴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
φαγεῖνto eatVB AAN · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseφαγεῖν: lexical item rendered 'to eat' in this chapter's immediate context.
12

καθότι ἐμεμνήμην τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ μου

because I remembered God with my whole soul.

Memory as fidelityκαθότι
The source of Tobit's restraint is not mere taboo but total God-remembrance, which becomes the interior engine of his obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καθότιbecauseC · καθότιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαθότι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμεμνήμηνI rememberedVMI YMI1S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐμεμνήμην: lexical item rendered 'I remembered' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθεοῦ: lexical item rendered 'God' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὅλῃwholeA1 DSF · ὅλοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὅλῃ: lexical item rendered 'whole' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseψυχῇ: lexical item rendered 'soul' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
13

καὶ ἔδωκεν ὁ ὕψιστος χάριν καὶ μορφὴν ἐνώπιον Ενεμεσσαρου καὶ ἤμην αὐτοῦ ἀγοραστής

And the Most High gave me favor and good appearance before Enemessar, and I was his purchasing agent.

Providential favor in exileκαὶ
Tobit's faithfulness does not remove him from imperial structures; instead, divine favor grants him a workable place within them.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔδωκενgaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔδωκεν: lexical item rendered 'gave' in this chapter's immediate context.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὕψιστοςMost HighA1 NSM · ὕψιστοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὕψιστος: lexical item rendered 'Most High' in this chapter's immediate context.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseχάριν: lexical item rendered 'favor' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
μορφὴνgood appearanceN1 ASF · μορφήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμορφὴν: lexical item rendered 'good appearance' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phraseἐνώπιον: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΕνεμεσσαρουEnemessarN2 GSM · Ἐνεμέσσαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΕνεμεσσαρου: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἤμηνI wasA1 ASF · ἐμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἤμην: lexical item rendered 'I was' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀγοραστήςpurchasing agentN1M NSM · ἀγοραστήςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀγοραστής: lexical item rendered 'purchasing agent' in this chapter's immediate context.
14

καὶ ἐπορευόμην εἰς τὴν Μηδίαν καὶ παρεθέμην Γαβαήλῳ τῷ ἀδελφῷ Γαβρια ἐν Ραγοις τῆς Μηδίας ἀργυρίου τάλαντα δέκα

And I used to travel into Media, and I deposited with Gabael, brother of Gabri, in Rages of Media, ten talents of silver.

Deposit thread establishedκαὶ
The financial deposit is introduced matter-of-factly here, but it will become one of the narrative hinges that sends Tobias on his journey.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπορευόμηνwas walkingV1I IMI1S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπορευόμην: lexical item rendered 'was walking' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΜηδίανMediaN ASF · Μηδείαproper name within the narrative sequenceΜηδίαν: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
παρεθέμηνI depositedVEI IAI1S · τίθημι + παραverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseπαρεθέμην: lexical item rendered 'I deposited' in this chapter's immediate context.
Γαβαήλῳwith GabaelN2 DSM · Γαβάηλοςproper name within the narrative sequenceΓαβαήλῳ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀδελφῷbrotherN2 DSM · ἀδελφόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀδελφῷ: lexical item rendered 'brother' in this chapter's immediate context.
Γαβριαof GabriN GSM · Γαβρείproper name within the narrative sequenceΓαβρια: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΡαγοιςRagesN DS · Ῥάγοιproper name within the narrative sequenceΡαγοις: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΜηδίαςMediaN GSF · Μηδείαproper name within the narrative sequenceΜηδίας: lexical item rendered 'Media' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀργυρίουof silverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀργυρίου: lexical item rendered 'of silver' in this chapter's immediate context.
τάλανταtalentsN2N APN · τάλαντονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτάλαντα: lexical item rendered 'talents' in this chapter's immediate context.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseδέκα: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'ten' in this chapter's narrative flow.
15

καὶ ὅτε ἀπέθανεν Ενεμεσσαρος ἐβασίλευσεν Σενναχηριμ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ ἠκαταστάτησαν καὶ οὐκέτι ἠδυνάσθην πορευθῆναι εἰς τὴν Μηδίαν

And when Enemessar died, Sennacherib his son reigned in his place, and his affairs became unsettled, and I was no longer able to travel into Media.

Political instability closes the routeκαὶ
The external political turn constrains Tobit's movements and helps explain why the deposit remains unrecovered until the next generation's journey.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπέθανενdiedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέθανεν: lexical item rendered 'died' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΕνεμεσσαροςΕνεμεσσαροςN2 NSM · Ἐνεμέσσαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΕνεμεσσαρος: lexical item rendered 'Ενεμεσσαρος' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐβασίλευσεν: lexical item rendered 'reigned' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΣενναχηριμSennacheribN NSM · Σενναχηριμproper name within the narrative sequenceΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱὸς: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀντ'in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing the following phraseἀντ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in place of' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὁδοὶ: lexical item rendered 'ways' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἠκαταστάτησανbecame unsettledVAI AAI3P · ἀκαταστατέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἠκαταστάτησαν: lexical item rendered 'became unsettled' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκέτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'no longer' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἠδυνάσθηνI was ableVSI API1S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἠδυνάσθην: lexical item rendered 'I was able' in this chapter's immediate context.
πορευθῆναιto goVC APN · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseπορευθῆναι: lexical item rendered 'to go' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΜηδίανMediaN ASF · Μηδείαproper name within the narrative sequenceΜηδίαν: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
16

καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ενεμεσσαρου ἐλεημοσύνας πολλὰς ἐποίουν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου

And in the days of Enemessar I was doing many acts of mercy for my brothers.

Return to Tobit's merciful practiceκαὶ
The narrative now circles back from status and travel to the defining habit of almsgiving that marks Tobit's righteousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseταῖς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμέραις: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΕνεμεσσαρουEnemessarN2 GSM · Ἐνεμέσσαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΕνεμεσσαρου: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐλεημοσύναςacts of mercyN1 APF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐλεημοσύνας: lexical item rendered 'acts of mercy' in this chapter's immediate context.
πολλὰςmanyA1 APF · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπολλὰς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐποίουνI was doingV2I IAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐποίουν: lexical item rendered 'I was doing' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀδελφοῖςbrothersN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀδελφοῖς: lexical item rendered 'brothers' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
17

τοὺς ἄρτους μου ἐδίδουν τοῖς πεινῶσιν καὶ τὰ ἱμάτιά μου τοῖς γυμνοῖς καὶ εἴ τινα ἐκ τοῦ γένους μου ἐθεώρουν τεθνηκότα καὶ ἐρριμμένον ὀπίσω τοῦ τείχους Νινευη ἔθαπτον αὐτόν

I would give my loaves to the hungry and my garments to the naked, and if I saw any of my kindred dead and thrown behind the wall of Nineveh, I would bury him.

Mercy toward the living and the deadτοὺς
Tobit's charity encompasses both almsgiving and burial, presenting care for corpses as an equally serious act of covenant solidarity.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἄρτουςloavesN2 APM · ἄρτοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἄρτους: lexical item rendered 'loaves' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐδίδουνI was givingV8I IMI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐδίδουν: lexical item rendered 'I was giving' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πεινῶσινthe hungryV3 · παπδπμ πεινάωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionπεινῶσιν: lexical item rendered 'the hungry' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἱμάτιάgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἱμάτιά: lexical item rendered 'garments' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γυμνοῖςthe nakedA1 DPM · γυμνόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυμνοῖς: lexical item rendered 'the naked' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἴifC · εἰconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceεἴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'if' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τιναanyoneRI ASM · τιςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτινα: grammatical form rendered 'anyone' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γένουςkindredN3E GSN · γένοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγένους: lexical item rendered 'kindred' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐθεώρουνI would seeV2I IAI1S · θεωρέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐθεώρουν: lexical item rendered 'I would see' in this chapter's immediate context.
τεθνηκόταdeadVX · χαπασμ θνήσκωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionτεθνηκότα: lexical item rendered 'dead' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐρριμμένονcast outVMI XMPASMR(I/PTWverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐρριμμένον: lexical item rendered 'cast out' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὀπίσωbehindD · ὀπίσωadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὀπίσω: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'behind' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τείχουςwallN3E GSN · τεῖχοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτείχους: lexical item rendered 'wall' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΝινευηNinevehN GSF · Νινευηproper name within the narrative sequenceΝινευη: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἔθαπτονI would buryV1I IAI1S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἔθαπτον: lexical item rendered 'I would bury' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτόν: grammatical form rendered 'him' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
18

καὶ εἴ τινα ἀπέκτεινεν Σενναχηριμ ὁ βασιλεύς ὅτε ἦλθεν φεύγων ἐκ τῆς Ιουδαίας ἔθαψα αὐτοὺς κλέπτων πολλοὺς γὰρ ἀπέκτεινεν ἐν τῷ θυμῷ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐζητήθη ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως τὰ σώματα καὶ οὐχ εὑρέθη

And if Sennacherib the king killed any when he came fleeing from Judea, I buried them secretly, for in his wrath he killed many, and the bodies were sought by the king and were not found.

Risky burial under tyrannyκαὶ
Tobit's piety becomes politically dangerous here: burial is transformed from mercy into resistance under a murderous king.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἴifC · εἰconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceεἴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'if' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τιναanyoneRI ASM · τιςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτινα: grammatical form rendered 'anyone' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀπέκτεινενkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέκτεινεν: lexical item rendered 'killed' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΣενναχηριμSennacheribN NSM · Σενναχηριμproper name within the narrative sequenceΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἦλθεν: lexical item rendered 'came' in this chapter's immediate context.
φεύγωνfleeingV1 · παπνσμ φεύγωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionφεύγων: lexical item rendered 'fleeing' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαproper name within the narrative sequenceΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἔθαψαI buriedVAI AAI1S · θάπτωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔθαψα: lexical item rendered 'I buried' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κλέπτωνsecretlyV1 · παπνσμ κλέπτωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionκλέπτων: lexical item rendered 'secretly' in this chapter's immediate context.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπολλοὺς: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's immediate context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceγὰρ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'for' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπέκτεινενkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέκτεινεν: lexical item rendered 'killed' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθυμῷ: lexical item rendered 'wrath' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐζητήθηwere soughtVCI API3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐζητήθη: lexical item rendered 'were sought' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phraseὑπὸ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'by' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseβασιλέως: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
σώματαbodiesN3M NPN · σῶμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσώματα: lexical item rendered 'bodies' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐχ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εὑρέθηwere foundVC API3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεὑρέθη: lexical item rendered 'were found' in this chapter's immediate context.
19

πορευθεὶς δὲ εἷς τῶν ἐν Νινευη ὑπέδειξε τῷ βασιλεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ ὅτι θάπτω αὐτούς καὶ ἐκρύβην ἐπιγνοὺς δὲ ὅτι ζητοῦμαι ἀποθανεῖν φοβηθεὶς ἀνεχώρησα

But one of those in Nineveh went and informed the king about me, that I was burying them, and I hid myself; and when I learned that I was being sought to be put to death, I withdrew in fear.

Exposure and flightπορευθεὶς
The narrative shows both Tobit's courage and his human fear; flight does not negate righteousness but marks the cost of sustaining it.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
πορευθεὶςhaving goneVC · αππνσμ πορεύομαιparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionπορευθεὶς: lexical item rendered 'having gone' in this chapter's immediate context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἷςoneM NSM · εἷςnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseεἷς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'one' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΝινευηNinevehN DSF · Νινευηproper name within the narrative sequenceΝινευη: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ὑπέδειξεinformedVAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseὑπέδειξε: lexical item rendered 'informed' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseβασιλεῖ: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'about' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'that' in this chapter's narrative flow.
θάπτωI buryV1 PAI1S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseθάπτω: lexical item rendered 'I bury' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτούς: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐκρύβηνI hidVDI API1S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐκρύβην: lexical item rendered 'I hid' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπιγνοὺςhaving learnedVZ · ααπνσμ γιγνώσκω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἐπιγνοὺς: lexical item rendered 'having learned' in this chapter's immediate context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'that' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ζητοῦμαιI was being soughtV2 PMI1S · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseζητοῦμαι: lexical item rendered 'I was being sought' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀποθανεῖν: lexical item rendered 'to die' in this chapter's immediate context.
φοβηθεὶςbeing afraidVC · αππνσμ φοβέωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionφοβηθεὶς: lexical item rendered 'being afraid' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀνεχώρησαI withdrewVAI AAI1S · χωρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀνεχώρησα: lexical item rendered 'I withdrew' in this chapter's immediate context.
20

καὶ διηρπάγη πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου καὶ οὐ κατελείφθη μοι οὐδὲν πλὴν Αννας τῆς γυναικός μου καὶ Τωβιου τοῦ υἱοῦ μου

And all my possessions were plundered, and nothing was left to me except Anna my wife and Tobias my son.

Material loss narrows the householdκαὶ
The stripping away of goods leaves only the family core, tightening the emotional and narrative focus around wife and son.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
διηρπάγηwas plunderedVDI API3S · ἁρπάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseδιηρπάγη: lexical item rendered 'was plundered' in this chapter's immediate context.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάντα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὑπάρχοντάpossessionsV1 · παπαπν ἄρχω + ὑποparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionὑπάρχοντά: lexical item rendered 'possessions' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
κατελείφθηwas leftVVI API3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκατελείφθη: lexical item rendered 'was left' in this chapter's immediate context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'to me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοὐδὲν: lexical item rendered 'nothing' in this chapter's immediate context.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceπλὴν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'except' in this chapter's narrative flow.
Ανναςof AnnaN GSF · Ανναςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑννας: lexical item rendered 'of Anna' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γυναικόςwifeN3K GSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυναικός: lexical item rendered 'wife' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
Τωβιουof TobiasN1T GSM · Τωβείαςproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιου: lexical item rendered 'of Tobias' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱοῦ: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
21

καὶ οὐ διῆλθον ἡμέραι πεντήκοντα ἕως οὗ ἀπέκτειναν αὐτὸν οἱ δύο υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔφυγον εἰς τὰ ὄρη Αραρατ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Σαχερδονος ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔταξεν Αχιαχαρον τὸν Αναηλ υἱὸν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἐκλογιστίαν τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν διοίκησιν

And not fifty days passed until his two sons killed him, and they fled into the mountains of Ararat, and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place and appointed Ahikar son of Anael, my brother's son, over all the accounts of his kingdom and over all the administration.

Dynastic change and new accessκαὶ
The fall of Sennacherib turns the political landscape again and opens a new avenue of protection for Tobit through kinship at court.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
διῆλθονpassedVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseδιῆλθον: lexical item rendered 'passed' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡμέραιdaysN1A NPF · ἡμέραnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμέραι: lexical item rendered 'days' in this chapter's immediate context.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseπεντήκοντα: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'fifty' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἕως: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'until' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὗwhenRR GSM · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοὗ: grammatical form rendered 'when' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀπέκτεινανkilledVAI AAI3P · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέκτειναν: lexical item rendered 'killed' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'him' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseοἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseδύο: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'two' in this chapter's narrative flow.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱοὶ: lexical item rendered 'sons' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔφυγονfledVBI AAI3P · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔφυγον: lexical item rendered 'fled' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὄρηmountainsN3E APN · ὄροςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὄρη: lexical item rendered 'mountains' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑραρατAraratN GS · Αραρατproper name within the narrative sequenceΑραρατ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐβασίλευσεν: lexical item rendered 'reigned' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΣαχερδονοςEsarhaddonN2 NSM · Σαχερδονοςproper name within the narrative sequenceΣαχερδονος: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱὸς: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀντ'in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing the following phraseἀντ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'in place of' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔταξενappointedVAI AAI3S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔταξεν: lexical item rendered 'appointed' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑχιαχαρονAhikarN2 ASM · Αχιαχαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑχιαχαρον: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΑναηλAnaelN ASM · Ἁναηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΑναηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱὸν: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherN2 GSM · ἀδελφόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀδελφοῦ: lexical item rendered 'brother' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'over' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπᾶσαν: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐκλογιστίανaccountsN1A ASF · ἐκλογιστίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐκλογιστίαν: lexical item rendered 'accounts' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseβασιλείας: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'over' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπᾶσαν: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
διοίκησινadministrationN3I ASF · διοίκησιςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδιοίκησιν: lexical item rendered 'administration' in this chapter's immediate context.
22

καὶ ἠξίωσεν Αχιαχαρος περὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Νινευη Αχιαχαρος δὲ ἦν ὁ οἰνοχόος καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ δακτυλίου καὶ διοικητὴς καὶ ἐκλογιστής καὶ κατέστησεν αὐτὸν ὁ Σαχερδονος ἐκ δευτέρας ἦν δὲ ἐξάδελφός μου

And Ahikar interceded for me, and I came into Nineveh. Now Ahikar was cupbearer and keeper of the signet and administrator and accountant, and Esarhaddon appointed him second in rank; and he was my cousin.

Restored standing through kinship mediationκαὶ
The chapter closes with Tobit's return under kin-mediated favor, balancing earlier loss with a provisional restoration that sets the stage for the trials ahead.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἠξίωσενintercededVAI AAI3S · ἀξιόωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἠξίωσεν: lexical item rendered 'interceded' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑχιαχαροςAhikarN2 NSM · Ἀχιάχαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑχιαχαρος: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'about' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἦλθονI cameVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἦλθον: lexical item rendered 'I came' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΝινευηNinevehN ASF · Νινευηproper name within the narrative sequenceΝινευη: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ΑχιαχαροςAhikarN2 NSM · Ἀχιάχαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑχιαχαρος: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἦν: lexical item rendered 'was' in this chapter's immediate context.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οἰνοχόοςcupbearerN2 NSM · οἰνοχόοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἰνοχόος: lexical item rendered 'cupbearer' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'over' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δακτυλίουsignetN2 GSM · δακτύλιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδακτυλίου: lexical item rendered 'signet' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
διοικητὴςadministratorN1M NSM · διοικητήςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδιοικητὴς: lexical item rendered 'administrator' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐκλογιστήςaccountantN1M NSM · ἐκλογιστήςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐκλογιστής: lexical item rendered 'accountant' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
κατέστησενappointedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκατέστησεν: lexical item rendered 'appointed' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'him' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΣαχερδονοςEsarhaddonN2 NSM · Σαχερδονοςproper name within the narrative sequenceΣαχερδονος: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's autobiographical opening frame.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δευτέραςsecond in rankA1A APF · δεύτεροςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδευτέρας: lexical item rendered 'second in rank' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἦν: lexical item rendered 'was' in this chapter's immediate context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐξάδελφόςcousinN2 NSM · ἐξάδελφοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐξάδελφός: lexical item rendered 'cousin' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.