Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Tobit, Chapter 2ΤΩΒΙΤ Β′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Tobit 2 turns a festal homecoming into the book's first major reversal.

Translation & textual notes

Tobit 2 turns a festal homecoming into the book's first major reversal. The chapter opens with Pentecost and an abundant meal, but Tobit's insistence on honoring a murdered kinsman by burial converts feast into lament, ritual impurity into physical affliction, and domestic provision into a bitter dispute with Anna. The sequence is crucial for the book's theology: Tobit's mercy remains genuine, yet faithful righteousness does not shield him from humiliation, blindness, or misunderstanding within his own house.

1

ὅτε δὲ κατῆλθον εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου καὶ ἀπεδόθη μοι Αννα ἡ γυνή μου καὶ Τωβιας ὁ υἱός μου ἐν τῇ πεντηκοστῇ τῇ ἑορτῇ ἥ ἐστιν ἁγία ἑπτὰ ἑβδομάδων ἐγενήθη ἄριστον καλόν μοι καὶ ἀνέπεσα τοῦ φαγεῖν

Now when I came down to my house, and Anna my wife and Tobias my son were restored to me, on Pentecost, the holy feast of seven weeks, a fine dinner was prepared for me, and I reclined to eat.

Temporal opening and restored household settingὅτε
The first verse deliberately frames the scene as restored domestic blessing: Tobit is back in his home, reunited with wife and son, and seated at a festal Pentecost meal before the chapter abruptly darkens.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
κατῆλθονI came downVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκατῆλθον: lexical item rendered 'I came down' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οἶκόνhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἶκόν: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπεδόθηwas restoredVCI API3S · δίδωμι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἀπεδόθη: lexical item rendered 'was restored' in this chapter's immediate context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'to me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΑνναAnnaN NSF · Ἅνναproper name within the narrative sequenceΑννα: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's narrative setting.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseἡ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γυνήwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυνή: lexical item rendered 'wife' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΤωβιαςTobiasN NSM · Τωβιαςproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιας: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's narrative setting.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱόςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πεντηκοστῇPentecostA1 DSF · πεντηκοστόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπεντηκοστῇ: lexical item rendered 'Pentecost' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἑορτῇfeastN1 DSF · ἑορτήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἑορτῇ: lexical item rendered 'feast' in this chapter's immediate context.
whichRR NSF · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἥ: grammatical form rendered 'which' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐστιν: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἁγίαholyA1A ASF · ἅγιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἁγία: lexical item rendered 'holy' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseἑπτὰ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'seven' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἑβδομάδωνof weeksN3D GPF · ἑβδομάςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἑβδομάδων: lexical item rendered 'of weeks' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐγενήθηwas madeVCI API3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐγενήθη: lexical item rendered 'was made' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἄριστονa dinnerN2N ASN · ἄριστονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἄριστον: lexical item rendered 'a dinner' in this chapter's immediate context.
καλόνgoodA1 ASN · καλόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκαλόν: lexical item rendered 'good' in this chapter's immediate context.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'for me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀνέπεσαI reclinedVAI AAI1S · πίπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀνέπεσα: lexical item rendered 'I reclined' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦto theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
φαγεῖνeatVB AAN · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseφαγεῖν: lexical item rendered 'eat' in this chapter's immediate context.
2

καὶ ἐθεασάμην ὄψα πολλὰ καὶ εἶπα τῷ υἱῷ μου βάδισον καὶ ἄγαγε ὃν ἐὰν εὕρῃς τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν ἐνδεῆ ὃς μέμνηται τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ἰδοὺ μενῶ σε

And when I saw many dishes, I said to my son, “Go and bring whichever poor man from among our kindred you may find who remembers the Lord, and behold, I am waiting for you.”

Merciful instruction at the feastκαὶ
The abundance on the table immediately becomes an occasion for almsgiving hospitality. Tobit will not eat until a needy fellow Israelite who remains mindful of the Lord is included.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐθεασάμηνI sawVAI AMI1S · θεάομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐθεασάμην: lexical item rendered 'I saw' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὄψαdishesN2N APN · ὄψονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὄψα: lexical item rendered 'dishes' in this chapter's immediate context.
πολλὰmanyA1 APN · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπολλὰ: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπα: lexical item rendered 'I said' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱῷ: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
βάδισονgoVA AAD2S · βαδίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseβάδισον: lexical item rendered 'go' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἄγαγεbringVB AAD2S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἄγαγε: lexical item rendered 'bring' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὃνwhomeverRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὃν: grammatical form rendered 'whomever' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἐὰν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'if' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εὕρῃςyou findVB AAS2S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεὕρῃς: lexical item rendered 'you find' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀδελφῶν: lexical item rendered 'brothers' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡμῶνof usRP GP · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμῶν: grammatical form rendered 'of us' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνδεῆneedyA3H APN · ἐνδεήςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐνδεῆ: lexical item rendered 'needy' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὃς: grammatical form rendered 'who' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μέμνηταιremembersVM XMI3S · μιμνήσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseμέμνηται: lexical item rendered 'remembers' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκυρίου: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἰδοὺbeholdVB AMD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's immediate context.
μενῶI will wait forVF2 FAI1S · μένωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseμενῶ: lexical item rendered 'I will wait for' in this chapter's immediate context.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσε: grammatical form rendered 'you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
3

καὶ ἐλθὼν εἶπεν πάτερ εἷς ἐκ τοῦ γένους ἡμῶν ἐστραγγαλωμένος ἔρριπται ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ

And he came and said, “Father, one of our own kin has been strangled and has been thrown into the marketplace.”

Report of crisisκαὶ
The hoped-for guest is replaced by a corpse. Tobias returns with news that turns the meal into an urgent burial episode and reveals the public dishonor done to an Israelite body.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐλθὼνhaving comeVB · ααπνσμ ἔρχομαιparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἐλθὼν: lexical item rendered 'having come' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἶπενhe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπεν: lexical item rendered 'he said' in this chapter's immediate context.
πάτερfatherN3 VSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάτερ: lexical item rendered 'father' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἷςoneM NSM · εἷςnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseεἷς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'one' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γένουςfamilyN3E GSN · γένοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγένους: lexical item rendered 'family' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡμῶνof usRP GP · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμῶν: grammatical form rendered 'of us' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐστραγγαλωμένοςhaving been strangledVM · χμπνσμ στραγγαλόομαιparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἐστραγγαλωμένος: lexical item rendered 'having been strangled' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔρριπταιhas been thrownVM XMI3S · ῥίπτωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἔρριπται: lexical item rendered 'has been thrown' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀγορᾷmarketplaceN1A DSF · ἀγοράnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀγορᾷ: lexical item rendered 'marketplace' in this chapter's immediate context.
4

κἀγὼ πρὶν ἢ γεύσασθαί με ἀναπηδήσας ἀνειλόμην αὐτὸν εἴς τι οἴκημα ἕως οὗ ἔδυ ὁ ἥλιος

And I, before I had tasted anything, sprang up and removed him to a certain house until the sun should set.

Immediate responseκἀγὼ
Tobit reacts before eating a bite. The hurried removal of the body postpones burial only until nightfall, balancing reverence for the dead with the practical danger of acting in daylight.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκἀγὼ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and I' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationπρὶν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
orC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἢ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'or' in this chapter's narrative flow.
γεύσασθαίto tasteVA AMN · γεύωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseγεύσασθαί: lexical item rendered 'to taste' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀναπηδήσαςhaving leapt upVA · ααπνσμ πηδάω + ἀναparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἀναπηδήσας: lexical item rendered 'having leapt up' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀνειλόμηνI took upVBI AMI1S · αἱρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀνειλόμην: lexical item rendered 'I took up' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'him' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἴςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἴς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τιa certainRI ASN · τιςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτι: grammatical form rendered 'a certain' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οἴκημαroomN3M ASN · οἴκημαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἴκημα: lexical item rendered 'room' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἕως: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'until' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὗwhenD · οὗadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὗ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔδυsetVBI AAI3S · δύνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔδυ: lexical item rendered 'set' in this chapter's immediate context.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἥλιος: lexical item rendered 'sun' in this chapter's immediate context.
5

καὶ ἐπιστρέψας ἐλουσάμην καὶ ἤσθιον τὸν ἄρτον μου ἐν λύπῃ

And when I returned, I washed myself and ate my bread in sorrow.

Ritual washing and griefκαὶ
The brief sentence joins purification and lament. Tobit fulfills what ritual circumstances require, yet the meal remains marked by mourning rather than festal joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπιστρέψαςhaving returnedVA · ααπνσμ στρέφω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἐπιστρέψας: lexical item rendered 'having returned' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐλουσάμηνI washed myselfVAI AMI1S · λούωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐλουσάμην: lexical item rendered 'I washed myself' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἤσθιονI was eatingV1I IAI1S · ἐσθίωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἤσθιον: lexical item rendered 'I was eating' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἄρτονbreadN2 ASM · ἄρτοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἄρτον: lexical item rendered 'bread' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
λύπῃsorrowN1 DSF · λύπηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseλύπῃ: lexical item rendered 'sorrow' in this chapter's immediate context.
6

καὶ ἐμνήσθην τῆς προφητείας Αμως καθὼς εἶπεν στραφήσονται αἱ ἑορταὶ ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ εὐφροσύναι ὑμῶν εἰς θρῆνον καὶ ἔκλαυσα

And I remembered the prophecy of Amos, as he said, “Your feasts shall be turned into mourning and all your gladnesses into lamentation,” and I wept.

Prophetic interpretationκαὶ
Tobit reads his personal experience through Israel’s prophetic memory. Amos supplies the interpretive key: the feast has indeed become mourning, and Tobit recognizes the inversion at once.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμνήσθηνI rememberedVSI API1S · μιμνήσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐμνήσθην: lexical item rendered 'I remembered' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
προφητείαςprophecyN1A GSF · προφητείαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπροφητείας: lexical item rendered 'prophecy' in this chapter's immediate context.
Αμωςof AmosN GSM · Ἁμώςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑμως: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's narrative setting.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationκαθὼς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'just as' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἶπενhe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπεν: lexical item rendered 'he said' in this chapter's immediate context.
στραφήσονταιwill be turnedVD FPI3P · στρέφωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseστραφήσονται: lexical item rendered 'will be turned' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἑορταὶfeastsN1 NPF · ἑορτήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἑορταὶ: lexical item rendered 'feasts' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὑμῶνof youRP GP · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὑμῶν: grammatical form rendered 'of you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πένθοςmourningN3E ASN · πένθοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπένθος: lexical item rendered 'mourning' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπᾶσαι: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εὐφροσύναιgladnessesN1 NPF · εὐφροσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseεὐφροσύναι: lexical item rendered 'gladnesses' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὑμῶνof youRP GP · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὑμῶν: grammatical form rendered 'of you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
θρῆνονlamentationN2 ASM · θρῆνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθρῆνον: lexical item rendered 'lamentation' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔκλαυσαI weptVAI AAI1S · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔκλαυσα: lexical item rendered 'I wept' in this chapter's immediate context.
7

καὶ ὅτε ἔδυ ὁ ἥλιος ᾠχόμην καὶ ὀρύξας ἔθαψα αὐτόν

And when the sun set, I went and dug a grave and buried him.

Completion of the burialκαὶ
After sunset the delayed act is completed. The terse narration underscores that Tobit’s resolve to bury the dead remains steady despite danger and impurity.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔδυsetVBI AAI3S · δύνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔδυ: lexical item rendered 'set' in this chapter's immediate context.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἥλιος: lexical item rendered 'sun' in this chapter's immediate context.
ᾠχόμηνI went awayV1I IMI1S · οἴχομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseᾠχόμην: lexical item rendered 'I went away' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὀρύξαςhaving dugVA · ααπνσμ ὀρύσσωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionὀρύξας: lexical item rendered 'having dug' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔθαψαI buriedVAI AAI1S · θάπτωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔθαψα: lexical item rendered 'I buried' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτόν: grammatical form rendered 'him' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
8

καὶ οἱ πλησίον ἐπεγέλων λέγοντες οὐκέτι φοβεῖται φονευθῆναι περὶ τοῦ πράγματος τούτου καὶ ἀπέδρα καὶ ἰδοὺ πάλιν θάπτει τοὺς νεκρούς

And the neighbors were laughing at me, saying, “He is no longer afraid of being put to death for this matter; he already fled, and behold, again he is burying the dead.”

Mocking public commentaryκαὶ
The neighbors interpret Tobit’s constancy as foolish repetition. Their ridicule recalls the earlier danger under the king and shows that his piety is visible, costly, and socially absurd in the eyes of others.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseοἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πλησίονneighborsD · πλησίονadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationπλησίον: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'neighbors' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπεγέλωνwere laughing atV3I IAI3P · γελάω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπεγέλων: lexical item rendered 'were laughing at' in this chapter's immediate context.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionλέγοντες: lexical item rendered 'saying' in this chapter's immediate context.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκέτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'no longer' in this chapter's narrative flow.
φοβεῖταιhe fearsV2 PMI3S · φοβέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseφοβεῖται: lexical item rendered 'he fears' in this chapter's immediate context.
φονευθῆναιto be put to deathVC APN · φονεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseφονευθῆναι: lexical item rendered 'to be put to death' in this chapter's immediate context.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'concerning' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πράγματοςmatterN3M GSN · πρᾶγμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπράγματος: lexical item rendered 'matter' in this chapter's immediate context.
τούτουthisRD GSN · οὗτοςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτούτου: grammatical form rendered 'this' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπέδραhe fled awayVBI AAI3S · διδράσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέδρα: lexical item rendered 'he fled away' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἰδοὺbeholdVB AMD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's immediate context.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationπάλιν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'again' in this chapter's narrative flow.
θάπτειhe buriesV1 PAI3S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseθάπτει: lexical item rendered 'he buries' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
νεκρούςdeadN2 APM · νεκρόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseνεκρούς: lexical item rendered 'dead' in this chapter's immediate context.
9

καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ νυκτὶ ἀνέλυσα θάψας καὶ ἐκοιμήθην μεμιαμμένος παρὰ τὸν τοῖχον τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἀκάλυπτον ἦν

And on that very night, after burying him, I came in and slept, being defiled, beside the wall of the courtyard, and my face was uncovered.

Night setting for the afflictionκαὶ
The verse links burial impurity, exposed sleep, and vulnerability. Nothing ominous is explained yet, but the conditions are set for the bodily disaster that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτῇthat veryRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'that very' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
νυκτὶnightN3 DSF · νύξnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseνυκτὶ: lexical item rendered 'night' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀνέλυσαI came inVAI AAI1S · λύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀνέλυσα: lexical item rendered 'I came in' in this chapter's immediate context.
θάψαςhaving buriedVA · ααπνσμ θάπτωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionθάψας: lexical item rendered 'having buried' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐκοιμήθηνI sleptVCI API1S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐκοιμήθην: lexical item rendered 'I slept' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεμιαμμένοςbeing defiledVM · χμπνσμ μιαίνωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionμεμιαμμένος: lexical item rendered 'being defiled' in this chapter's immediate context.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing the following phraseπαρὰ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'beside' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοῖχονwallN2 ASM · τοῖχοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτοῖχον: lexical item rendered 'wall' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αὐλῆςcourtyardN1 GSF · αὐλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐλῆς: lexical item rendered 'courtyard' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπρόσωπόν: lexical item rendered 'face' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀκάλυπτονuncoveredA1B NSN · ἀκάλυπτοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀκάλυπτον: lexical item rendered 'uncovered' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἦν: lexical item rendered 'was' in this chapter's immediate context.
10

καὶ οὐκ ᾔδειν ὅτι στρουθία ἐν τῷ τοίχῳ ἐστίν καὶ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου ἀνεῳγότων ἀφώδευσαν τὰ στρουθία θερμὸν εἰς τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ ἐγενήθη λευκώματα εἰς τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ ἐπορεύθην πρὸς ἰατρούς καὶ οὐκ ὠφέλησάν με Αχιαχαρος δὲ ἔτρεφέν με ἕως οὗ ἐπορεύθη εἰς τὴν Ἐλυμαί̈δα

And I did not know that sparrows were in the wall, and when my eyes were open the sparrows dropped warm filth into my eyes, and white films came over my eyes; and I went to physicians, but they did not help me. But Ahikar used to provide for me until he went to Elymais.

Blindness and failed remediesκαὶ
The affliction arrives through an almost banal accident, yet its consequences are severe. Tobit’s blindness resists ordinary medical help and leaves him dependent on the support of others.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ᾔδεινI knewVXI YAI3S · οἶδαfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseᾔδειν: lexical item rendered 'I knew' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'that' in this chapter's narrative flow.
στρουθίαsparrowsN2N NPN · στρουθίονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseστρουθία: lexical item rendered 'sparrows' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοίχῳwallN2 DSM · τοῖχοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτοίχῳ: lexical item rendered 'wall' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐστίνareV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐστίν: lexical item rendered 'are' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'of the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀφθαλμῶν: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀνεῳγότωνhaving been openedVK · χαπγπμ οἴγω + ἀναparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἀνεῳγότων: lexical item rendered 'having been opened' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀφώδευσανdropped filthVAI AAI3P · ὁδεύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀφώδευσαν: lexical item rendered 'dropped filth' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
στρουθίαsparrowsN2N NPN · στρουθίονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseστρουθία: lexical item rendered 'sparrows' in this chapter's immediate context.
θερμὸνwarm matterA1 ASN · θερμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθερμὸν: lexical item rendered 'warm matter' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀφθαλμούς: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐγενήθηcame to beVCI API3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐγενήθη: lexical item rendered 'came to be' in this chapter's immediate context.
λευκώματαwhite filmsN3M NPN · λεύκωμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseλευκώματα: lexical item rendered 'white films' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀφθαλμούς: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπορεύθηνI wentVCI API1S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπορεύθην: lexical item rendered 'I went' in this chapter's immediate context.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'to' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἰατρούςphysiciansN2 APM · ἰατρόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἰατρούς: lexical item rendered 'physicians' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὠφέλησάνthey helpedVA AAI3P · ὠφελέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseὠφέλησάν: lexical item rendered 'they helped' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΑχιαχαροςAhikarN2 NSM · Ἀχιάχαροςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑχιαχαρος: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's narrative setting.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔτρεφένwas supportingV1I IAI3S · τρέφωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἔτρεφέν: lexical item rendered 'was supporting' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἕως: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'until' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὗwhenD · οὗadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὗ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπορεύθηhe wentVCI API3S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπορεύθη: lexical item rendered 'he went' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'into' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
Ἐλυμαί̈δαElymaisN3D ASF · Ἐλυμαίςproper name within the narrative sequenceἘλυμαί̈δα: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's narrative setting.
11

καὶ ἡ γυνή μου Αννα ἠριθεύετο ἐν τοῖς γυναικείοις

And Anna my wife was doing women’s work.

Household response to lossκαὶ
The narration pivots from Tobit’s blindness to the economic consequences inside the house: Anna must labor in order to sustain the family.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseἡ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γυνήwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυνή: lexical item rendered 'wife' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουof meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'of me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΑνναAnnaN NSF · Ἅνναproper name within the narrative sequenceΑννα: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's narrative setting.
ἠριθεύετοwas workingV1I IMI3S · ἐριθεύομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἠριθεύετο: lexical item rendered 'was working' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'in' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γυναικείοιςwomen's workA1A DPN · γυναικεῖοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυναικείοις: lexical item rendered 'women's work' in this chapter's immediate context.
12

καὶ ἀπέστελλε τοῖς κυρίοις καὶ ἀπέδωκαν αὐτῇ καὶ αὐτοὶ τὸν μισθὸν προσδόντες καὶ ἔριφον

And she would send the work to the masters, and they would pay her wages, and besides that they also gave her a young goat.

Anna receives wages and a giftκαὶ
Anna’s employment is presented matter-of-factly, but the added goat becomes the object that exposes Tobit’s suspicious fragility and the strain created by his condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπέστελλεshe would sendV1I IAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἀπέστελλε: lexical item rendered 'she would send' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κυρίοιςmastersN2 DPM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκυρίοις: lexical item rendered 'masters' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπέδωκανthey gave backVAI AAI3P · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέδωκαν: lexical item rendered 'they gave back' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'to her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτοὶthey themselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοὶ: grammatical form rendered 'they themselves' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μισθὸνwagesN2 ASM · μισθόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμισθὸν: lexical item rendered 'wages' in this chapter's immediate context.
προσδόντεςhaving addedVO · ααπνπμ δίδωμι + προςparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionπροσδόντες: lexical item rendered 'having added' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔριφονa young goatN2 ASM · ἔριφοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἔριφον: lexical item rendered 'a young goat' in this chapter's immediate context.
13

ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν πρός με ἤρξατο κράζειν καὶ εἶπα αὐτῇ πόθεν τὸ ἐρίφιον μὴ κλεψιμαῖόν ἐστιν ἀπόδος αὐτὸ τοῖς κυρίοις οὐ γὰρ θεμιτόν ἐστιν φαγεῖν κλεψιμαῖον

And when it came to me, it began to bleat, and I said to her, “Where is the kid from? Is it not stolen? Give it back to the masters, for it is not lawful to eat anything stolen.”

Suspicion over the goatὅτε
Tobit’s instinct for righteousness now expresses itself as suspicion. His concern for lawful purity is intelligible, but the scene reveals how suffering has sharpened his distrust even toward Anna.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὅτε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'when' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἦλθενit cameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἦλθεν: lexical item rendered 'it came' in this chapter's immediate context.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'to' in this chapter's narrative flow.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἤρξατοit beganVAI AMI3S · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἤρξατο: lexical item rendered 'it began' in this chapter's immediate context.
κράζεινto cry outV1 PAN · κράζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseκράζειν: lexical item rendered 'to cry out' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπα: lexical item rendered 'I said' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'to her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πόθενfrom whereD · πόθενadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationπόθεν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'from where' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐρίφιονkidN2N NSN · ἐρίφιονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐρίφιον: lexical item rendered 'kid' in this chapter's immediate context.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμὴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
κλεψιμαῖόνstolenA1A NSN · κλεψιμαῖοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκλεψιμαῖόν: lexical item rendered 'stolen' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐστιν: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπόδοςgive backVO AAD2S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπόδος: lexical item rendered 'give back' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'it' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κυρίοιςmastersN2 DPM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκυρίοις: lexical item rendered 'masters' in this chapter's immediate context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceγὰρ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'for' in this chapter's narrative flow.
θεμιτόνlawfulA1 NSN · θεμιτόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθεμιτόν: lexical item rendered 'lawful' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐστινit isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐστιν: lexical item rendered 'it is' in this chapter's immediate context.
φαγεῖνto eatVB AAN · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseφαγεῖν: lexical item rendered 'to eat' in this chapter's immediate context.
κλεψιμαῖονa stolen thingA1A ASN · κλεψιμαῖοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκλεψιμαῖον: lexical item rendered 'a stolen thing' in this chapter's immediate context.
14

ἡ δὲ εἶπεν δῶρον δέδοταί μοι ἐπὶ τῷ μισθῷ καὶ οὐκ ἐπίστευον αὐτῇ καὶ ἔλεγον ἀποδιδόναι αὐτὸ τοῖς κυρίοις καὶ ἠρυθρίων πρὸς αὐτήν ἡ δὲ ἀποκριθεῖσα εἶπέν μοι ποῦ εἰσιν αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου καὶ αἱ δικαιοσύναι σου ἰδοὺ γνωστὰ πάντα μετὰ σοῦ

But she said, “It has been given to me as a gift in addition to the wages.” Yet I did not believe her, and I kept telling her to give it back to the masters, and I was embarrassed before her. But in reply she said to me, “Where are your almsgivings and your righteous deeds? Behold, everything about you is known.”

Anna’s rebuke
Anna’s answer is the chapter’s sharpest wound. She counters Tobit’s moral suspicion with a bitter question about the visible value of his righteousness, exposing the domestic pressure created by unrelieved suffering.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseἡ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἶπενshe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπεν: lexical item rendered 'she said' in this chapter's immediate context.
δῶρονa giftN2N NSN · δῶρονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδῶρον: lexical item rendered 'a gift' in this chapter's immediate context.
δέδοταίhas been givenVM XMI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseδέδοταί: lexical item rendered 'has been given' in this chapter's immediate context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'to me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐπὶin addition toP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'in addition to' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μισθῷwagesN2 DSM · μισθόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμισθῷ: lexical item rendered 'wages' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπίστευονI was believingV1I IAI3P · πιστεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπίστευον: lexical item rendered 'I was believing' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔλεγονI was sayingV1I IAI3P · λέγωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἔλεγον: lexical item rendered 'I was saying' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀποδιδόναιto give backV8 PAN · δίδωμι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἀποδιδόναι: lexical item rendered 'to give back' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'it' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κυρίοιςmastersN2 DPM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκυρίοις: lexical item rendered 'masters' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἠρυθρίωνI was becoming redV3I IAI1S · ἐρυθριάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἠρυθρίων: lexical item rendered 'I was becoming red' in this chapter's immediate context.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'toward' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτήν: grammatical form rendered 'her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseἡ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'but' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀποκριθεῖσαhaving answeredVC · αππνσφ κρίνω + ἀποparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἀποκριθεῖσα: lexical item rendered 'having answered' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἶπένshe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπέν: lexical item rendered 'she said' in this chapter's immediate context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'to me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationποῦ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'where' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseεἰσιν: lexical item rendered 'are' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐλεημοσύναιalmsgivingsN1 NPF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐλεημοσύναι: lexical item rendered 'almsgivings' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'of you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δικαιοσύναιrighteous deedsN1 NPF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδικαιοσύναι: lexical item rendered 'righteous deeds' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'of you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἰδοὺbeholdVB AMD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's immediate context.
γνωστὰknownA1 NPN · γνωστόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγνωστὰ: lexical item rendered 'known' in this chapter's immediate context.
πάνταall thingsA3 NPN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάντα: lexical item rendered 'all things' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετὰ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, or indeclinable form rendered 'with' in this chapter's narrative flow.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.