Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Tobit, Chapter 3ΤΩΒΙΤ Γ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Tobit 3 is one of the theological and narrative centers of the book.

Translation & textual notes

Tobit 3 is one of the theological and narrative centers of the book. It binds together the separate sufferings of Tobit and Sarah by setting their laments on the same day, giving each a prayer shaped by reverence, pain, and desire for release, and then disclosing that both petitions are heard together before God. The chapter matters because it redefines isolated misery as coordinated providential history: what each person experiences as solitary reproach and exhausted grief becomes the very occasion for Raphael's mission of healing, marriage, and demonic defeat.

1

καὶ λυπηθεὶς ἔκλαυσα καὶ προσευξάμην μετ' ὀδύνης λέγων

And being grieved, I wept and prayed in pain, saying,

Tobit's lament beginsκαὶ
The chapter opens by turning Tobit's grief from private sorrow into formal prayer, preparing the paired lament structure that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
λυπηθεὶςhaving been grievedVC · αππνσμ λυπέωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionλυπηθεὶς: lexical item rendered 'having been grieved' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔκλαυσαI weptVAI AAI1S · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔκλαυσα: lexical item rendered 'I wept' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
προσευξάμηνI prayedVA AMI1S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseπροσευξάμην: lexical item rendered 'I prayed' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'with' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὀδύνηςgriefN1 GSF · ὀδύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀδύνης: lexical item rendered 'grief' in this chapter's immediate context.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionλέγων: lexical item rendered 'saying' in this chapter's immediate context.
2

δίκαιος εἶ κύριε καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα σου καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ὁδοί σου ἐλεημοσύναι καὶ ἀλήθεια καὶ κρίσιν ἀληθινὴν καὶ δικαίαν σὺ κρίνεις εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα

'You are righteous, O Lord, and all your works and all your ways are acts of mercy and truth, and you judge true and righteous judgment forever.'

Confession of divine justiceδίκαιος
Tobit begins not with complaint but with confession of God's righteousness, ensuring that lament remains framed by theological trust.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'righteous' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἶareV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseεἶ: lexical item rendered 'are' in this chapter's immediate context.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκύριε: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πάνταallA1S NPN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάντα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἔργα: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπᾶσαι: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὁδοίwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὁδοί: lexical item rendered 'ways' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐλεημοσύναιacts of mercyN1 NPF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐλεημοσύναι: lexical item rendered 'acts of mercy' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀλήθειαtruthN1A NSF · ἀλήθειαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀλήθεια: lexical item rendered 'truth' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκρίσιν: lexical item rendered 'judgment' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀληθινὴνtrueA1 ASF · ἀληθινόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀληθινὴν: lexical item rendered 'true' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δικαίανjustA1A ASF · δίκαιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδικαίαν: lexical item rendered 'just' in this chapter's immediate context.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσὺ: grammatical form rendered 'you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κρίνειςjudgeV1 PAI2S · κρίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseκρίνεις: lexical item rendered 'judge' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰῶνα: lexical item rendered 'age' in this chapter's immediate context.
3

μνήσθητί μου καὶ ἐπίβλεψον ἐπ' ἐμέ μή με ἐκδικήσῃς ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις μου καὶ τοῖς ἀγνοήμασίν μου καὶ τῶν πατέρων μου ἃ ἥμαρτον ἐνώπιόν σου

Remember me and look upon me; do not punish me for my sins and my ignorant errors and those of my fathers, which they sinned before you.

Petition for merciful regardμνήσθητί
Tobit acknowledges both personal and ancestral sin, asking that God see him in mercy rather than in strict retribution.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
μνήσθητίrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseμνήσθητί: lexical item rendered 'remember' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπίβλεψονlook uponVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐπίβλεψον: lexical item rendered 'look upon' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'upon' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμέmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμέ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μήdo notD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμή: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'do not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐκδικήσῃςpunishVA AAS2S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐκδικήσῃς: lexical item rendered 'punish' in this chapter's immediate context.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseταῖς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἁμαρτίαις: lexical item rendered 'sins' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀγνοήμασίνerrors of ignoranceN3M DPN · ἀγνόημαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀγνοήμασίν: lexical item rendered 'errors of ignorance' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατέρων: lexical item rendered 'fathers' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
whichRR APN · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἃ: grammatical form rendered 'which' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἥμαρτονthey sinnedVBI AAI3P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἥμαρτον: lexical item rendered 'they sinned' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἐνώπιόν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
4

παρήκουσαν γὰρ τῶν ἐντολῶν σου ἔδωκας ἡμᾶς εἰς διαρπαγὴν καὶ αἰχμαλωσίαν καὶ θάνατον καὶ παραβολὴν ὀνειδισμοῦ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐν οἷς ἐσκορπίσμεθα

For they disobeyed your commandments, and you gave us over to plundering and captivity and death and to be a proverb of reproach among all the nations among which we were scattered.

Exilic judgment interpretedπαρήκουσαν
The prayer reads Israel's dispersal as morally intelligible judgment rather than random misfortune, linking Tobit's grief to national covenant history.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
παρήκουσανthey disobeyedVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + παραverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseπαρήκουσαν: lexical item rendered 'they disobeyed' in this chapter's immediate context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceγὰρ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'for' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐντολῶνcommandmentsN1A GPF · ἐντολήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐντολῶν: lexical item rendered 'commandments' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἔδωκαςyou gaveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔδωκας: lexical item rendered 'you gave' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμᾶς: grammatical form rendered 'us' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
διαρπαγὴνplunderingN1 ASF · διαρπαγήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδιαρπαγὴν: lexical item rendered 'plundering' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰχμαλωσίαν: lexical item rendered 'captivity' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθάνατον: lexical item rendered 'death' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
παραβολὴνa proverbN1 ASF · παραβολήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπαραβολὴν: lexical item rendered 'a proverb' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὀνειδισμοῦof reproachN2 GSM · ὀνειδισμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀνειδισμοῦ: lexical item rendered 'of reproach' in this chapter's immediate context.
πᾶσινto allA3 DPN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπᾶσιν: lexical item rendered 'to all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῖς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἔθνεσινnationsN3E DPN · ἔθνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἔθνεσιν: lexical item rendered 'nations' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οἷςwhichRR DPN · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἷς: grammatical form rendered 'which' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐσκορπίσμεθαwe were scatteredVAI AAI1P · σκορπίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐσκορπίσμεθα: lexical item rendered 'we were scattered' in this chapter's immediate context.
5

καὶ νῦν πολλαὶ αἱ κρίσεις σού εἰσιν ἀληθιναὶ ἐξ ἐμοῦ ποιῆσαι περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν μου καὶ τῶν πατέρων μου ὅτι οὐκ ἐποιήσαμεν τὰς ἐντολάς σου οὐ γὰρ ἐπορεύθημεν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ ἐνώπιόν σου

And now many of your judgments are true in dealing with me concerning my sins and those of my fathers, because we did not keep your commandments, for we did not walk in truth before you.

Acceptance of just judgmentκαὶ
Tobit does not deny the rightness of divine judgment even while pleading for relief from his present distress.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationνῦν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'now' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πολλαὶmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπολλαὶ: lexical item rendered 'many' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseαἱ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κρίσειςjudgmentsN3I NPF · κρίσιςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκρίσεις: lexical item rendered 'judgments' in this chapter's immediate context.
σούyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσού: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseεἰσιν: lexical item rendered 'are' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀληθιναὶtrueA1 NPF · ἀληθινόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀληθιναὶ: lexical item rendered 'true' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐξ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ποιῆσαιto dealVA AAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseποιῆσαι: lexical item rendered 'to deal' in this chapter's immediate context.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'concerning' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsN1A GPF · ἁμαρτίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἁμαρτιῶν: lexical item rendered 'sins' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατέρων: lexical item rendered 'fathers' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐποιήσαμενwe didVAI AAI1P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐποιήσαμεν: lexical item rendered 'we did' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐντολάςcommandmentsN1 APF · ἐντολήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐντολάς: lexical item rendered 'commandments' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceγὰρ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'for' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐπορεύθημενwe walkedVCI API1P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐπορεύθημεν: lexical item rendered 'we walked' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀληθείᾳtruthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀληθείᾳ: lexical item rendered 'truth' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἐνώπιόν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
6

καὶ νῦν κατὰ τὸ ἀρεστὸν ἐνώπιόν σου ποίησον μετ' ἐμοῦ ἐπίταξον ἀναλαβεῖν τὸ πνεῦμά μου ὅπως ἀπολυθῶ καὶ γένωμαι γῆ διότι λυσιτελεῖ μοι ἀποθανεῖν ἢ ζῆν ὅτι ὀνειδισμοὺς ψευδεῖς ἤκουσα καὶ λύπη ἐστὶν πολλὴ ἐν ἐμοί ἐπίταξον ἀπολυθῆναί με τῆς ἀνάγκης ἤδη εἰς τὸν αἰώνιον τόπον μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς τὸ πρόσωπόν σου ἀπ' ἐμοῦ

And now deal with me according to what is pleasing before you; command my spirit to be taken up, so that I may be released and become earth. For it profits me to die rather than to live, because I have heard false reproaches and there is much grief within me. Command that I now be released from distress into the eternal place, and do not turn your face away from me.'

Death-request within prayerκαὶ
Tobit's petition reaches its lowest point here: he asks for release through death, yet even this request remains addressed to the God whose face he still seeks.
Word-by-word analysis· 53 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationνῦν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'now' in this chapter's narrative flow.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατὰ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'according to' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀρεστὸνwhat is pleasingA1 ASN · ἀρεστόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀρεστὸν: lexical item rendered 'what is pleasing' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἐνώπιόν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseποίησον: lexical item rendered 'do' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'with' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐπίταξονcommandVA AAD2S · τάσσω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐπίταξον: lexical item rendered 'command' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀναλαβεῖνto take upVB AAN · λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀναλαβεῖν: lexical item rendered 'to take up' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πνεῦμάspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπνεῦμά: lexical item rendered 'spirit' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅπως: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'so that' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπολυθῶI may be releasedVC APS1S · λύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπολυθῶ: lexical item rendered 'I may be released' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
γένωμαιI may becomeVB AMS1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseγένωμαι: lexical item rendered 'I may become' in this chapter's immediate context.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' in this chapter's immediate context.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδιότι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
λυσιτελεῖit profitsV2 PAI3S · λυσιτελέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseλυσιτελεῖ: lexical item rendered 'it profits' in this chapter's immediate context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'to me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀποθανεῖν: lexical item rendered 'to die' in this chapter's immediate context.
beforeC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἢ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ζῆνto liveV3 PAN · ζάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseζῆν: lexical item rendered 'to live' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὀνειδισμοὺςreproachesN2 APM · ὀνειδισμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀνειδισμοὺς: lexical item rendered 'reproaches' in this chapter's immediate context.
ψευδεῖςfalseA3H APM · ψευδήςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseψευδεῖς: lexical item rendered 'false' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἤκουσαI heardVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἤκουσα: lexical item rendered 'I heard' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
λύπηgriefN1 NSF · λύπηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseλύπη: lexical item rendered 'grief' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐστὶνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐστὶν: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's immediate context.
πολλὴgreatA1 NSF · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπολλὴ: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμοίin meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμοί: grammatical form rendered 'in me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐπίταξονcommandVA AAD2S · τάσσω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐπίταξον: lexical item rendered 'command' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπολυθῆναίto be releasedVC APN · λύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπολυθῆναί: lexical item rendered 'to be released' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀνάγκηςdistressN1 GSF · ἀνάγκηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀνάγκης: lexical item rendered 'distress' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἤδη: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'already' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αἰώνιονeternalA1B ASM · αἰώνιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰώνιον: lexical item rendered 'eternal' in this chapter's immediate context.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτόπον: lexical item rendered 'place' in this chapter's immediate context.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμὴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀποστρέψῃςturn awayVA AAS2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀποστρέψῃς: lexical item rendered 'turn away' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπρόσωπόν: lexical item rendered 'face' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
7

ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέρᾳ συνέβη τῇ θυγατρὶ Ραγουηλ Σαρρα ἐν Ἐκβατάνοις τῆς Μηδίας καὶ ταύτην ὀνειδισθῆναι ὑπὸ παιδισκῶν πατρὸς αὐτῆς

On that same day it happened to the daughter of Raguel, Sarah, in Ecbatana of Media, that she also was reproached by her father's maidservants,

Narrative turn to Sarahἐν
The chapter now doubles Tobit's lament by placing Sarah's suffering on the very same day, binding their stories together under a shared divine hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'to her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμέρᾳ: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
συνέβηit happenedVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + συνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseσυνέβη: lexical item rendered 'it happened' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θυγατρὶto the daughterN3 DSF · θυγάτηρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθυγατρὶ: lexical item rendered 'to the daughter' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΡαγουηλRaguelN GSM · Ραγουηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΡαγουηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
ΣαρραSarahN DSF · Σαρραproper name within the narrative sequenceΣαρρα: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἘκβατάνοιςEcbatanaN DS · Ἐκβάταναproper name within the narrative sequenceἘκβατάνοις: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
Μηδίαςof MediaN GSF · Μηδίαproper name within the narrative sequenceΜηδίας: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ταύτηνthis oneRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseταύτην: grammatical form rendered 'this one' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὀνειδισθῆναιto be reproachedVC APN · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseὀνειδισθῆναι: lexical item rendered 'to be reproached' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phraseὑπὸ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'by' in this chapter's narrative flow.
παιδισκῶνmaidservantsN2 GPM · παιδίσκοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπαιδισκῶν: lexical item rendered 'maidservants' in this chapter's immediate context.
πατρὸςof the fatherN3 GSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρὸς: lexical item rendered 'of the father' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
8

ὅτι ἦν δεδομένη ἀνδράσιν ἑπτά καὶ Ασμοδαυς τὸ πονηρὸν δαιμόνιον ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτοὺς πρὶν ἢ γενέσθαι αὐτοὺς μετ' αὐτῆς ὡς ἐν γυναιξίν καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῇ οὐ συνίεις ἀποπνίγουσά σου τοὺς ἄνδρας ἤδη ἑπτὰ ἔσχες καὶ ἑνὸς αὐτῶν οὐκ ὠνάσθης

because she had been given to seven men, and Asmodeus the evil demon had killed them before they had been with her as with wives. And they said to her, 'Do you not understand? You are strangling your husbands. Already you have had seven, and you have not benefited from one of them.'

Sarah's shame namedὅτι
The reproach against Sarah is cruel and false, yet it gives voice to the social stigma created by her repeated bereavement and demonic affliction.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἦνshe wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἦν: lexical item rendered 'she was' in this chapter's immediate context.
δεδομένηgivenVM · χμπνσφ δίδωμιparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionδεδομένη: lexical item rendered 'given' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀνδράσινto menN3 DPM · ἀνήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀνδράσιν: lexical item rendered 'to men' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἑπτάsevenM DPM · ἑπτάnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseἑπτά: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'seven' in this chapter's narrative flow.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΑσμοδαυςAsmodeusN NSN · Ἀσμοδαῖοςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑσμοδαυς: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πονηρὸνevilA1A NSN · πονηρόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπονηρὸν: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's immediate context.
δαιμόνιονdemonN2N NSN · δαιμόνιονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδαιμόνιον: lexical item rendered 'demon' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπέκτεινενkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέκτεινεν: lexical item rendered 'killed' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationπρὶν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
beforeC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἢ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
γενέσθαιbecomingVB AMN · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseγενέσθαι: lexical item rendered 'becoming' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'with' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationὡς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'as' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
γυναιξίνwith wivesN3K DPF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυναιξίν: lexical item rendered 'with wives' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπαν: lexical item rendered 'they said' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'to her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
συνίειςdo you understandVH IAI2S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseσυνίεις: lexical item rendered 'do you understand' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀποπνίγουσάstranglingV1 · παπνσφ πνίγω + ἀποparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἀποπνίγουσά: lexical item rendered 'strangling' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἄνδραςhusbandsN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἄνδρας: lexical item rendered 'husbands' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἤδη: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'already' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseἑπτὰ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'seven' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔσχεςyou hadVBI AAI2S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἔσχες: lexical item rendered 'you had' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἑνὸςoneA3 GSM · εἷςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἑνὸς: lexical item rendered 'one' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὠνάσθηςyou benefitedVCI API2S · ὀνίνημιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseὠνάσθης: lexical item rendered 'you benefited' in this chapter's immediate context.
9

τί ἡμᾶς μαστιγοῖς εἰ ἀπέθαναν βάδιζε μετ' αὐτῶν μὴ ἴδοιμέν σου υἱὸν ἢ θυγατέρα εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα

Why do you scourge us, if they died? Go with them, and may we never see son or daughter from you forever.'

Cruel taunt intensifiedτί
The maidservants' speech denies Sarah any future household and presses her toward despair by wishing her complete extinction from family life.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτί: grammatical form rendered 'why' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἡμᾶς: grammatical form rendered 'us' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μαστιγοῖςdo you scourgeV4 PAI2S · μαστιγόωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseμαστιγοῖς: lexical item rendered 'do you scourge' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceεἰ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'if' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπέθανανthey diedVBI AAI3P · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπέθαναν: lexical item rendered 'they died' in this chapter's immediate context.
βάδιζεgoV1 PAD2S · βαδίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseβάδιζε: lexical item rendered 'go' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'with' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῶν: grammatical form rendered 'them' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμὴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἴδοιμένmay we seeVB AAO1P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἴδοιμέν: lexical item rendered 'may we see' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱὸν: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
beforeC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἢ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθυγατέρα: lexical item rendered 'daughter' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰῶνα: lexical item rendered 'age' in this chapter's immediate context.
10

ταῦτα ἀκούσασα ἐλυπήθη σφόδρα ὥστε ἀπάγξασθαι καὶ εἶπεν μία μέν εἰμι τῷ πατρί μου ἐὰν ποιήσω τοῦτο ὄνειδος αὐτῷ ἐστιν καὶ τὸ γῆρας αὐτοῦ κατάξω μετ' ὀδύνης εἰς ᾅδου

When she heard these things, she was greatly grieved so as to hang herself, and she said, 'I am my father's only child; if I do this, it will be a reproach to him, and I will bring down his old age with grief to Hades.'

Suicidal despair checked by filial concernταῦτα
Sarah reaches the brink of self-destruction, but filial responsibility restrains her just as family concern shaped Tobit's own lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseταῦτα: grammatical form rendered 'these things' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀκούσασαhaving heardVA · ααπνσφ ἀκούωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἀκούσασα: lexical item rendered 'having heard' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐλυπήθηwas grievedVCI API3S · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐλυπήθη: lexical item rendered 'was grieved' in this chapter's immediate context.
σφόδραgreatlyD · σφόδραadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationσφόδρα: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'greatly' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὥστεso asC · ὥστεconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὥστε: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'so as' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπάγξασθαιto hang herselfVA AMN · ἄγχομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπάγξασθαι: lexical item rendered 'to hang herself' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπεν: lexical item rendered 'said' in this chapter's immediate context.
μίαonly oneA3 NSF · εἷςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμία: lexical item rendered 'only one' in this chapter's immediate context.
μένindeedX · μένconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceμέν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'indeed' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἰμιI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseεἰμι: lexical item rendered 'I am' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατρίfatherN3 DSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρί: lexical item rendered 'father' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἐὰν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'if' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ποιήσωI doVA AAS1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseποιήσω: lexical item rendered 'I do' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτοῦτο: grammatical form rendered 'this' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὄνειδοςa reproachN3E NSN · ὄνειδοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὄνειδος: lexical item rendered 'a reproach' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῷthat veryRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'that very' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐστιν: lexical item rendered 'is' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γῆραςold ageN3 ASN · γῆραςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγῆρας: lexical item rendered 'old age' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κατάξωI will bring downVF FAI1S · ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκατάξω: lexical item rendered 'I will bring down' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'with' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὀδύνηςgriefN1 GSF · ὀδύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀδύνης: lexical item rendered 'grief' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseᾅδου: lexical item rendered 'to Hades' in this chapter's immediate context.
11

καὶ ἐδεήθη πρὸς τῇ θυρίδι καὶ εἶπεν εὐλογητὸς εἶ κύριε ὁ θεός μου καὶ εὐλογητὸν τὸ ὄνομά σου τὸ ἅγιον καὶ ἔντιμον εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας εὐλογήσαισάν σε πάντα τὰ ἔργα σου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα

And she prayed by the window and said, 'Blessed are you, Lord my God, and blessed is your holy and honored name forever; let all your works bless you forever.'

Sarah's prayer begins in praiseκαὶ
Like Tobit, Sarah begins with blessing rather than accusation, showing that her anguish too is carried within reverent prayer.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐδεήθηshe prayedVCI API3S · δέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐδεήθη: lexical item rendered 'she prayed' in this chapter's immediate context.
πρὸςbyP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'by' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θυρίδιwindowN3D DSF · θυρίςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθυρίδι: lexical item rendered 'window' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἶπεν: lexical item rendered 'said' in this chapter's immediate context.
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseεὐλογητὸς: lexical item rendered 'blessed' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἶareV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseεἶ: lexical item rendered 'are' in this chapter's immediate context.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκύριε: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's immediate context.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseὁ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εὐλογητὸνblessedA1 NSN · εὐλογητόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseεὐλογητὸν: lexical item rendered 'blessed' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὄνομάnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὄνομά: lexical item rendered 'name' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἅγιονholyA1A NSN · ἅγιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἅγιον: lexical item rendered 'holy' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἔντιμονhonoredA1B NSN · ἔντιμοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἔντιμον: lexical item rendered 'honored' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰῶνας: lexical item rendered 'ages' in this chapter's immediate context.
εὐλογήσαισάνlet blessVA AAO3P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεὐλογήσαισάν: lexical item rendered 'let bless' in this chapter's immediate context.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσε: grammatical form rendered 'you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάντα: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἔργα: lexical item rendered 'works' in this chapter's immediate context.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσου: grammatical form rendered 'your' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰῶνα: lexical item rendered 'age' in this chapter's immediate context.
12

καὶ νῦν κύριε τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου εἰς σὲ δέδωκα

And now, Lord, I have turned my eyes and my face toward you;

Direct appeal to Godκαὶ
Sarah's posture is one of total orientation toward God, bodily and spiritually, as she asks for divine judgment on her life.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationνῦν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'now' in this chapter's narrative flow.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκύριε: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀφθαλμούς: lexical item rendered 'eyes' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπρόσωπόν: lexical item rendered 'face' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσὲ: grammatical form rendered 'you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δέδωκαI have givenVX XAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseδέδωκα: lexical item rendered 'I have given' in this chapter's immediate context.
13

εἰπὸν ἀπολῦσαί με ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ μὴ ἀκοῦσαί με μηκέτι ὀνειδισμόν

say that I be released from the earth and that I hear reproach no longer.

Request for release from shameεἰπὸν
Sarah's death-wish is cast above all as a desire for release from unending reproach.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰπὸνsayVBI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἰπὸν: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπολῦσαίto releaseVA AAN · λύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπολῦσαί: lexical item rendered 'to release' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπὸ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγῆς: lexical item rendered 'earth' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμὴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀκοῦσαίto hearVA AAN · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀκοῦσαί: lexical item rendered 'to hear' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μηκέτιno longerD · μηκέτιadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμηκέτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'no longer' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὀνειδισμόνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀνειδισμόν: lexical item rendered 'reproach' in this chapter's immediate context.
14

σὺ γινώσκεις κύριε ὅτι καθαρά εἰμι ἀπὸ πάσης ἁμαρτίας ἀνδρὸς

You know, Lord, that I am pure from every sin with a man,

Assertion of innocenceσὺ
Sarah explicitly denies sexual guilt. The chapter is careful to sever her suffering from any insinuation of moral impurity in the marriage bed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσὺ: grammatical form rendered 'you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γινώσκειςyou knowV1 PAI2S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseγινώσκεις: lexical item rendered 'you know' in this chapter's immediate context.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκύριε: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceὅτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
καθαράpureA1A NSF · καθαρόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκαθαρά: lexical item rendered 'pure' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰμιI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseεἰμι: lexical item rendered 'I am' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπὸ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
πάσηςeveryA1S GSF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπάσης: lexical item rendered 'every' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἁμαρτίας: lexical item rendered 'sin' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀνδρὸςof a manN3 GSM · ἀνήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀνδρὸς: lexical item rendered 'of a man' in this chapter's immediate context.
15

καὶ οὐκ ἐμόλυνα τὸ ὄνομά μου οὐδὲ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρός μου ἐν τῇ γῇ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας μου μονογενής εἰμι τῷ πατρί μου καὶ οὐχ ὑπάρχει αὐτῷ παιδίον ὃ κληρονομήσει αὐτόν οὐδὲ ἀδελφὸς ἐγγὺς οὐδὲ ὑπάρχων αὐτῷ υἱός ἵνα συντηρήσω ἐμαυτὴν αὐτῷ γυναῖκα ἤδη ἀπώλοντό μοι ἑπτά ἵνα τί μοι ζῆν καὶ εἰ μὴ δοκεῖ σοι ἀποκτεῖναί με ἐπίταξον ἐπιβλέψαι ἐπ' ἐμὲ καὶ ἐλεῆσαί με καὶ μηκέτι ἀκοῦσαί με ὀνειδισμόν

and I have not defiled my name nor the name of my father in the land of my captivity. I am my father's only child, and he has no child who will inherit him, nor a near brother, nor an existing son for him, that I should keep myself for him as wife. Already seven have perished to me; why should I live? And if it does not seem good to you to kill me, command that you look upon me and have mercy on me, and let me hear reproach no longer.'

Sarah's innocence and inheritance pleaκαὶ
Sarah unites innocence, filial obligation, inheritance logic, and exhaustion into one prayer, making her case in terms both moral and familial.
Word-by-word analysis· 70 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμόλυναI defiledVAI AAI1S · μολύνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐμόλυνα: lexical item rendered 'I defiled' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὄνομά: lexical item rendered 'name' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceοὐδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'nor' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὄνομα: lexical item rendered 'name' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατρόςof the fatherN3 GSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρός: lexical item rendered 'of the father' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῇ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγῇ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαἰχμαλωσίας: lexical item rendered 'captivity' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μονογενήςonly childN3 NSF · μονογενήςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμονογενής: lexical item rendered 'only child' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰμιI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseεἰμι: lexical item rendered 'I am' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πατρίfatherN3 DSM · πατήρnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπατρί: lexical item rendered 'father' in this chapter's immediate context.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμου: grammatical form rendered 'my' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationοὐχ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὑπάρχειexistsV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseὑπάρχει: lexical item rendered 'exists' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῷthat veryRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'that very' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
παιδίονchildN2N ASN · παιδίονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπαιδίον: lexical item rendered 'child' in this chapter's immediate context.
whoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὃ: grammatical form rendered 'who' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
κληρονομήσειwill inheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκληρονομήσει: lexical item rendered 'will inherit' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτόν: grammatical form rendered 'him' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceοὐδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'nor' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀδελφὸςbrotherN2 NSM · ἀδελφόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀδελφὸς: lexical item rendered 'brother' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἐγγὺς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'near' in this chapter's narrative flow.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceοὐδὲ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'nor' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ὑπάρχωνexistingV1 · παπνσμ ἄρχω + ὑποparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionὑπάρχων: lexical item rendered 'existing' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῷthat veryRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'that very' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱόςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἵνα: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'so that' in this chapter's narrative flow.
συντηρήσωI may sustainVA AAS1S · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseσυντηρήσω: lexical item rendered 'I may sustain' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐμαυτὴνmyselfRD ASF · ἐμαυτοῦpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμαυτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'myself' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
αὐτῷthat veryRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'that very' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
γυναῖκαas wifeN3K ASF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυναῖκα: lexical item rendered 'as wife' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἤδη: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'already' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπώλοντόthey perishedVBI AMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπώλοντό: lexical item rendered 'they perished' in this chapter's immediate context.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'to me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἑπτάsevenM · ἑπτάnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseἑπτά: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'seven' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceἵνα: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'so that' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseτί: grammatical form rendered 'why' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμοι: grammatical form rendered 'to me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ζῆνto liveV3 PAN · ζάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseζῆν: lexical item rendered 'to live' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceεἰ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'if' in this chapter's narrative flow.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμὴ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'not' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δοκεῖit seemsV2 PAI3S · δοκέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseδοκεῖ: lexical item rendered 'it seems' in this chapter's immediate context.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseσοι: grammatical form rendered 'to you' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἀποκτεῖναίto killVA AAN · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀποκτεῖναί: lexical item rendered 'to kill' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐπίταξονcommandVA AAD2S · τάσσω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐπίταξον: lexical item rendered 'command' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπιβλέψαιto look uponVA AAN · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐπιβλέψαι: lexical item rendered 'to look upon' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπ': connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'upon' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἐμὲ: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἐλεῆσαίto have mercy onVA AAN · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἐλεῆσαί: lexical item rendered 'to have mercy on' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
μηκέτιno longerD · μηκέτιadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationμηκέτι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'no longer' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀκοῦσαίto hearVA AAN · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀκοῦσαί: lexical item rendered 'to hear' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμε: grammatical form rendered 'me' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὀνειδισμόνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὀνειδισμόν: lexical item rendered 'reproach' in this chapter's immediate context.
16

καὶ εἰσηκούσθη ἡ προσευχὴ ἀμφοτέρων ἐνώπιον τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Ραφαηλ

And the prayer of both was heard before the glory of the great Raphael,

Paired prayers received togetherκαὶ
The chapter's hidden hinge is that Tobit and Sarah, though far apart, are heard together in a single heavenly moment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
εἰσηκούσθηwas heardVCI API3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἰσηκούσθη: lexical item rendered 'was heard' in this chapter's immediate context.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseἡ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
προσευχὴprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπροσευχὴ: lexical item rendered 'prayer' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀμφοτέρωνof bothA1A GPM · ἀμφότεροιnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseἀμφοτέρων: lexical item rendered 'of both' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relationἐνώπιον: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'before' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδόξης: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseμεγάλου: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΡαφαηλRaphaelN GSM · Ραφαηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΡαφαηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
17

καὶ ἀπεστάλη ἰάσασθαι τοὺς δύο τοῦ Τωβιτ λεπίσαι τὰ λευκώματα καὶ Σαρραν τὴν τοῦ Ραγουηλ δοῦναι Τωβια τῷ υἱῷ Τωβιτ γυναῖκα καὶ δῆσαι Ασμοδαυν τὸ πονηρὸν δαιμόνιον διότι Τωβια ἐπιβάλλει κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ ἐπιστρέψας Τωβιτ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ καὶ Σαρρα ἡ τοῦ Ραγουηλ κατέβη ἐκ τοῦ ὑπερῴου αὐτῆς

and he was sent to heal the two: to peel away the white films of Tobit and to give Sarah the daughter of Raguel to Tobias the son of Tobit as wife, and to bind Asmodeus the evil demon, because it belongs to Tobias to inherit her. At that very time Tobit returned and entered his house, and Sarah the daughter of Raguel came down from her upper room.

Mission of simultaneous restorationκαὶ
The chapter closes by revealing the divine answer already in motion: Tobit's healing, Sarah's marriage, and the binding of Asmodeus are all parts of one coordinated act of mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 53 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ἀπεστάληwas sentVDI API3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἀπεστάλη: lexical item rendered 'was sent' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἰάσασθαιto healVA AMN · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseἰάσασθαι: lexical item rendered 'to heal' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοὺς: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
δύοthe twoM ADM · δύοnumeral modifying the associated noun phraseδύο: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'the two' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΤωβιτTobitN GSM · Τωβιτproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιτ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
λεπίσαιto peel awayVA AAN · λεπίζωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseλεπίσαι: lexical item rendered 'to peel away' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὰ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
λευκώματαwhite filmsN3M APN · λεύκωμαnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseλευκώματα: lexical item rendered 'white films' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΣαρρανSarahN ASF · Σαρρανproper name within the narrative sequenceΣαρραν: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὴν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΡαγουηλRaguelN GSM · Ραγουηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΡαγουηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
δοῦναιto giveVO AAN · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseδοῦναι: lexical item rendered 'to give' in this chapter's immediate context.
Τωβιαto TobiasN1T DSM · Τωβείαςproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβια: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseυἱῷ: lexical item rendered 'son' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΤωβιτTobitN GSM · Τωβιτproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιτ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
γυναῖκαas wifeN3K ASF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseγυναῖκα: lexical item rendered 'as wife' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
δῆσαιto bindVA AAN · δέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseδῆσαι: lexical item rendered 'to bind' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑσμοδαυνAsmodeusN ASN · Ἀσμοδαῖοςproper name within the narrative sequenceΑσμοδαυν: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASM · πονηρόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseπονηρὸν: lexical item rendered 'evil' in this chapter's immediate context.
δαιμόνιονdemonN2N ASN · δαιμόνιονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseδαιμόνιον: lexical item rendered 'demon' in this chapter's immediate context.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceδιότι: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'because' in this chapter's narrative flow.
Τωβιαto TobiasN1T DSM · Τωβείαςproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβια: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
ἐπιβάλλειit belongsV1 PAI3S · βάλλω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἐπιβάλλει: lexical item rendered 'it belongs' in this chapter's immediate context.
κληρονομῆσαιto inheritVA AAN · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκληρονομῆσαι: lexical item rendered 'to inherit' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτήν: grammatical form rendered 'her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ἐνonP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'on' in this chapter's narrative flow.
αὐτῷthat veryRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'that very' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτῷ: grammatical form rendered 'to the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκαιρῷ: lexical item rendered 'time' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπιστρέψαςhaving returnedVA · ααπνσμ στρέφω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the actionἐπιστρέψας: lexical item rendered 'having returned' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΤωβιτTobitN NSM · Τωβιτproper name within the narrative sequenceΤωβιτ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
εἰσῆλθενenteredVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseεἰσῆλθεν: lexical item rendered 'entered' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςuntoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'unto' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτὸν: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseοἶκον: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'his' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause sequenceκαὶ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'and' in this chapter's narrative flow.
ΣαρραSarahN NSF · Σαρραproper name within the narrative sequenceΣαρρα: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseἡ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ΡαγουηλRaguelN GSM · Ραγουηλproper name within the narrative sequenceΡαγουηλ: transliterated proper name preserved in Tobit's paired-lament narrative.
κατέβηcame downVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseκατέβη: lexical item rendered 'came down' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: connective, prepositional, adverbial, indeclinable, or interjectional form rendered 'from' in this chapter's narrative flow.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the associated noun phraseτοῦ: grammatical form rendered 'the' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.
ὑπερῴουupper roomN2N GSN · ὑπερῷονnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseὑπερῴου: lexical item rendered 'upper room' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phraseαὐτῆς: grammatical form rendered 'her' and functioning within the clause structure of this passage.