1
Ἀγαπήσατε δικαιοσύνην οἱ κρίνοντες τὴν γῆν φρονήσατε περὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἐν ἀγαθότητι καὶ ἐν ἁπλότητι καρδίας ζητήσατε αὐτόν
Love righteousness, you who judge the earth; think about the Lord with goodness, and seek him with singleness of heart.
The book opens with a royal and judicial summons: right rule begins in love of righteousness, honest thought about the Lord, and undivided seeking.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἈγαπήσατεloveVA AAD2P · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγαπάω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱyou whoRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίνοντεςjudgingV1 · παπVπμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπVπμ κρίνω: meaning 'judging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φρονήσατεthinkVA AAD2P · φρονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφρονέω: meaning 'think'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'about'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγαθότητιgoodnessN3T DSF · ἀγαθότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγαθότης: meaning 'goodness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁπλότητιsinglenessN3T DSF · ἁπλότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁπλότης: meaning 'singleness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίαςof heartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'of heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζητήσατεseekVA AAD2P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
ὅτι εὑρίσκεται τοῖς μὴ πειράζουσιν αὐτόν ἐμφανίζεται δὲ τοῖς μὴ ἀπιστοῦσιν αὐτῷ
Because he is found by those who do not test him, and he shows himself to those who do not distrust him.
The exhortation is immediately grounded in divine responsiveness: God is accessible not to suspicion and manipulation, but to receptive trust.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρίσκεταιis foundV1 PMI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὑρίσκω: meaning 'is found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςby thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πειράζουσινtestingV1 · παπδπμ πειράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ πειράζω: meaning 'testing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμφανίζεταιshows himselfV1 PMI3S · ἐμφανίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐμφανίζω: meaning 'shows himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπιστοῦσινdisbelievingV2 · παπδπμ ἀπιστέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ ἀπιστέω: meaning 'disbelieving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
σκολιοὶ γὰρ λογισμοὶ χωρίζουσιν ἀπὸ θεοῦ δοκιμαζομένη τε ἡ δύναμις ἐλέγχει τοὺς ἄφρονας
For crooked thoughts separate from God, and when his power is tested it exposes fools.
The reasoning turns negative: inner distortion alienates the thinker from God, and divine power becomes a force of exposure rather than comfort.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σκολιοὶcrookedA1A NPM · σκολιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκολιός: meaning 'crooked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λογισμοὶthoughtsN2 NPM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλογισμός: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χωρίζουσινseparateV1 PAI3P · χωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχωρίζω: meaning 'separate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δοκιμαζομένηbeing testedV1 · πμπνσφ δοκιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ δοκιμάζω: meaning 'being tested'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμιςpowerN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'power'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλέγχειexposesV1 PAI3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλέγχω: meaning 'exposes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄφροναςfoolishA3N APM · ἄφρωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ὅτι εἰς κακότεχνον ψυχὴν οὐκ εἰσελεύσεται σοφία οὐδὲ κατοικήσει ἐν σώματι κατάχρεῳ ἁμαρτίας
Because wisdom will not enter a soul that devises evil, nor will it dwell in a body indebted to sin.
The chapter states a principle of moral incompatibility: wisdom does not inhabit a life organized by malice and enslavement to sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακότεχνονevil-devisingA1B ASF · κακότεχνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακότεχνος: meaning 'evil-devising'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελεύσεταιwill enterVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'will enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικήσειwill dwellN3I DSF · κατοίκησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκατοίκησις: meaning 'will dwell'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σώματιbodyN3M DSN · σῶμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατάχρεῳindebted toA1B DSN · κατάχρεοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκατάχρεος: meaning 'indebted to'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
ἅγιον γὰρ πνεῦμα παιδείας φεύξεται δόλον καὶ ἀπαναστήσεται ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων καὶ ἐλεγχθήσεται ἐπελθούσης ἀδικίας
For a holy spirit of instruction will flee deceit and will rise away from senseless thoughts, and it will be reproved when unrighteousness comes upon it.
The Spirit associated with discipline and formation refuses duplicity and recoils when injustice arrives, showing wisdom's ethical texture.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἅγιονholyA1A NSN · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παιδείαςof instructionN1A GSF · παιδείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'of instruction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φεύξεταιwill fleeVF FMI3S · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφεύγω: meaning 'will flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόλονdeceitN2 ASM · δόλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαναστήσεταιwill depart awayVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'will depart away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λογισμῶνthoughtsN2 GPM · λογισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλογισμός: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀσυνέτωνsenselessA1B GPM · ἀσύνετοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσύνετος: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεγχθήσεταιwill be reprovedVC FPI3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλέγχω: meaning 'will be reproved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπελθούσηςwhen it comes uponVB · ααπγσφ ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσφ ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'when it comes upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδικίαςunrighteousnessN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'unrighteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
φιλάνθρωπον γὰρ πνεῦμα σοφία καὶ οὐκ ἀθῳώσει βλάσφημον ἀπὸ χειλέων αὐτοῦ ὅτι τῶν νεφρῶν αὐτοῦ μάρτυς ὁ θεὸς καὶ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ ἐπίσκοπος ἀληθὴς καὶ τῆς γλώσσης ἀκουστής
For wisdom is a spirit that loves humanity, and it will not acquit a blasphemer because of the words of his lips; for God is witness of his inward parts, a true overseer of his heart, and a hearer of his tongue.
The positive description of wisdom as humane is paired with uncompromising judgment, because God knows the hidden person as well as the spoken word.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
φιλάνθρωπονhumaneA1B NSN · φιλάνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφιλάνθρωπος: meaning 'humane'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθῳώσειwill acquitVF FAI3S · ἀθῳόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀθῳόω: meaning 'will acquit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βλάσφημονblasphemerA1B ASN · βλάσφημοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβλάσφημος: meaning 'blasphemer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφρῶνinward partsN2 GPM · νεφρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεφρός: meaning 'inward parts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάρτυς: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίσκοποςoverseerN2 NSM · ἐπισκοπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπισκοπός: meaning 'overseer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀληθὴςtrueA3H NSM · ἀληθήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀληθής: meaning 'true'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκουστήςhearerA1 GSF · ἀκουστόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκουστός: meaning 'hearer'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ὅτι πνεῦμα κυρίου πεπλήρωκεν τὴν οἰκουμένην καὶ τὸ συνέχον τὰ πάντα γνῶσιν ἔχει φωνῆς
Because the Spirit of the Lord has filled the inhabited world, and that which holds all things together has knowledge of every voice.
The argument expands from individual scrutiny to cosmic presence: the Lord's Spirit permeates the world and misses no utterance within it.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεπλήρωκενhas filledVX XAI3S · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπληρόω: meaning 'has filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνinhabited worldV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabited world'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέχονholding togetherV1 · παπνσν ἔχω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν ἔχω + συν: meaning 'holding together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταall thingsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχειhasV1 PAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'has'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνῆςof voiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'of voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
διὰ τοῦτο φθεγγόμενος ἄδικα οὐδεὶς μὴ λάθῃ οὐδὲ μὴ παροδεύσῃ αὐτὸν ἐλέγχουσα ἡ δίκη
Therefore let no one who speaks unjust things suppose that he will escape notice, nor will justice in its exposing work pass him by.
The universal presence of the Spirit yields a practical conclusion: unjust speech cannot hide from the searching action of justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φθεγγόμενοςspeakingV1 · πμπνσμ φθέγγομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φθέγγομαι: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄδικαunjust thingsA1B APN · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάθῃshould escape noticeVF FAI3S · λανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλανθάνω: meaning 'should escape notice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροδεύσῃshould pass byVF FAI3S · ὁδεύω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁδεύω + παρα: meaning 'should pass by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλέγχουσαexposingV1 · παπνσφ ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'exposing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκηjusticeN1 NSF · δίκηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκη: meaning 'justice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
ἐν γὰρ διαβουλίοις ἀσεβοῦς ἐξέτασις ἔσται λόγων δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀκοὴ πρὸς κύριον ἥξει εἰς ἔλεγχον ἀνομημάτων αὐτοῦ
For inquiry will be made into the counsels of an ungodly man, and the report of his words will come to the Lord for the conviction of his lawless deeds.
The text moves from warning to judicial certainty: thoughts will be examined, words reported, and deeds convicted.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαβουλίοιςcounselsN2N DPN · διαβούλιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαβούλιον: meaning 'counsels'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀσεβοῦςof an ungodly manA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of an ungodly man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξέτασιςinquiryN3I NSF · ἐξέτασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐξέτασις: meaning 'inquiry'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγωνof wordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'of words'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀκοὴreportN1 NSF · ἀκοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκοή: meaning 'report'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔλεγχονconvictionN2 ASM · ἔλεγχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'conviction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνομημάτωνof lawless deedsN3M GPN · ἀνόμημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνόμημα: meaning 'of lawless deeds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ὅτι οὖς ζηλώσεως ἀκροᾶται τὰ πάντα καὶ θροῦς γογγυσμῶν οὐκ ἀποκρύπτεται
Because an ear of jealousy hears all things, and the noise of grumblings is not concealed.
The image of God's jealous ear reinforces that even muttering complaint remains audible before him.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖςearN3T NSN · οὖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζηλώσεωςof jealousyN3I GSF · ζήλωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζήλωσις: meaning 'of jealousy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀκροᾶταιhearsV3 PMI3S · ἀκροάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκροάομαι: meaning 'hears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταall thingsA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θροῦςnoiseN3 NSM · θροῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθροῦς: meaning 'noise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γογγυσμῶνof grumblingsN2 GPM · γογγυσμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγογγυσμός: meaning 'of grumblings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκρύπτεταιis hiddenV1 PMI3S · κρύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'is hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
φυλάξασθε τοίνυν γογγυσμὸν ἀνωφελῆ καὶ ἀπὸ καταλαλιᾶς φείσασθε γλώσσης ὅτι φθέγμα λαθραῖον κενὸν οὐ πορεύσεται στόμα δὲ καταψευδόμενον ἀναιρεῖ ψυχήν
Therefore guard yourselves from useless grumbling, and spare your tongue from slander, because no secret utterance goes forth in vain, and a lying mouth kills the soul.
The practical exhortation sharpens around speech: murmuring, slander, secrecy, and falsehood are not harmless but soul-destroying.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
φυλάξασθεguard yourselves fromVA AMD2P · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard yourselves from'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοίνυνthereforeX · τοίνυνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτοίνυν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γογγυσμὸνgrumblingN2 ASM · γογγυσμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγογγυσμός: meaning 'grumbling'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνωφελῆuselessA3H ASM · ἀνωφελήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνωφελής: meaning 'useless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καταλαλιᾶςslanderN1A GSF · καταλαλιάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαταλαλιά: meaning 'slander'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φείσασθεspare yourselves fromVA AMD2P · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφείδομαι: meaning 'spare yourselves from'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φθέγμαutteranceN3M NSN · φθέγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφθέγμα: meaning 'utterance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαθραῖονsecretA1B NSN · λαθραῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαθραῖος: meaning 'secret'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κενὸνemptyA1 ASN · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύσεταιwill goVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'will go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταψευδόμενονlyingV1 · πμπνσν ψεύδω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσν ψεύδω + κατα: meaning 'lying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναιρεῖdestroysV2 PAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἱρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'destroys'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
μὴ ζηλοῦτε θάνατον ἐν πλάνῃ ζωῆς ὑμῶν μηδὲ ἐπισπᾶσθε ὄλεθρον ἐν ἔργοις χειρῶν ὑμῶν
Do not court death by the error of your life, nor draw destruction upon yourselves by the works of your hands.
The discourse pivots from verbal sins to a larger warning: a disordered life and wicked deeds actively summon death.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζηλοῦτεcourtV4 PAD2P · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζηλόω: meaning 'court'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλάνῃerrorN1 DSF · πλάνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλάνη: meaning 'error'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμῶνof youRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισπᾶσθεdraw upon yourselvesV3 PMD2P · σπάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσπάω + ἐπι: meaning 'draw upon yourselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄλεθρονdestructionN2 ASM · ὄλεθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄλεθρος: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χειρῶνof handsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'of hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμῶνof youRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ὅτι ὁ θεὸς θάνατον οὐκ ἐποίησεν οὐδὲ τέρπεται ἐπ' ἀπωλείᾳ ζώντων
Because God did not make death, nor does he delight in the destruction of the living.
The prohibition rests on God's own character and creative intention, which stand opposed to death and ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενmadeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέρπεταιdelightsV1 PMI3S · τέρπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτέρπω: meaning 'delights'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'inP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπωλείᾳdestructionN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ζώντωνof living onesV3 · παπγπν ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπν ζάω: meaning 'of living ones'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
ἔκτισεν γὰρ εἰς τὸ εἶναι τὰ πάντα καὶ σωτήριοι αἱ γενέσεις τοῦ κόσμου καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐταῖς φάρμακον ὀλέθρου οὔτε ᾅδου βασίλειον ἐπὶ γῆς
For he created all things that they might exist, and the generations of the world are wholesome, and in them there is no poison of destruction, nor the dominion of Hades upon the earth.
Creation is described as ordered toward life, health, and continuance rather than toward lethal corruption or infernal rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἔκτισενhe createdVAI AAI3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'he created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταall thingsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωτήριοιwholesomeA1B NPF · σωτήριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτήριος: meaning 'wholesome'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενέσειςgenerationsN3I NPF · γένεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένεσις: meaning 'generations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόσμουworldN2 GSM · κόσμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόσμος: meaning 'world'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐταῖςthemRD DPF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐταῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φάρμακονpoisonN2N ASN · φάρμακονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφάρμακον: meaning 'poison'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀλέθρουof destructionN2 GSM · ὄλεθροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄλεθρος: meaning 'of destruction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὔτεnorC · οὔτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔτε: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾅδουof HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'of Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασίλειονdominionN2N ASN · βασίλειονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασίλειον: meaning 'dominion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
δικαιοσύνη γὰρ ἀθάνατός ἐστιν
For righteousness is immortal.
The whole theological movement is compressed into a final maxim: righteousness belongs to the sphere of life that death cannot master.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθάνατόςimmortalA1B NSF · ἀθάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀθάνατος: meaning 'immortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
ἀσεβεῖς δὲ ταῖς χερσὶν καὶ τοῖς λόγοις προσεκαλέσαντο αὐτόν φίλον ἡγησάμενοι αὐτὸν ἐτάκησαν καὶ συνθήκην ἔθεντο πρὸς αὐτόν ὅτι ἄξιοί εἰσιν τῆς ἐκείνου μερίδος εἶναι
But the ungodly, with their hands and with their words, called death to themselves; considering him a friend, they pined away, and they made a covenant with him, because they are worthy to belong to his portion.
The last verse introduces the counter-choice that drives the next section: the ungodly actively align themselves with death and accept its inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςwith theRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσὶνhandsN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςwith theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιςwordsN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προσεκαλέσαντοcalled to themselvesVAI AMI3P · καλέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + προς: meaning 'called to themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φίλονfriendA1 ASM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡγησάμενοιconsideringVA · αμπνπμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'considering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐτάκησανmelted awayVAI AAI3P · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτήκω: meaning 'melted away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · συνθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυνθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔθεντοmadeVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςwithP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξιοίworthyA1A NPM · ἄξιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκείνουof that oneRD GSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐκείνου: meaning 'of that one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μερίδοςportionN3D GSF · μερίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.