1
διάνοιξον ὁ Λίβανος τὰς θύρας σου καὶ καταφαγέτω πῦρ τὰς κέδρους σου
Open your doors, O Lebanon, and let fire devour your cedars.
The chapter begins with direct apostrophe to Lebanon. The command for the gates to open personifies the land so that invading judgment can enter and consume its proudest growth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διάνοιξονopen wideVA AAD2S · οἴγω + δια + ἀναimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ aoristοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'open wide' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ὁtheRA VSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛίβανοςLebanonN2 VSM · Λίβανοςproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneLibanos: transliterated proper name preserved in the prophetic setting of this chapter.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θύραςdoor / gateN1A APF · θύραaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalθύρα: lexical item rendered 'door / gate' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσου: pronoun form used here with the sense 'your', marking person or possession within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
καταφαγέτωdevourVB AAD3S · ἐσθίω + καταimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ aoristἐσθίω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'devour' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierπῦρ: fire; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κέδρουςcedarN2 APF · κέδροςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalκέδρος: lexical item rendered 'cedar' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσου: pronoun form used here with the sense 'your', marking person or possession within the clause.
2
ὀλολυξάτω πίτυς διότι πέπτωκεν κέδρος ὅτι μεγάλως μεγιστᾶνες ἐταλαιπώρησαν ὀλολύξατε δρύες τῆς Βασανίτιδος ὅτι κατεσπάσθη ὁ δρυμὸς ὁ σύμφυτος
Wail, O cypress, because the cedar has fallen, because the mighty ones have been utterly brought low. Wail, oaks of Bashan, because the dense forest has been torn down.
The first lament spreads from cedar to cypress to the oaks of Bashan. Arboreal imagery stands for the collapse of lofty power and the stripping away of visible glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὀλολυξάτωwailVA AAD3S · ὀλολύζωimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ aoristὀλολύζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'wail' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
πίτυςpine / cypressN3 NSF · πίτυςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπίτυς: lexical item rendered 'pine / cypress' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseδιότι: connective rendered 'because' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
πέπτωκενhas fallenVX XAI3S · πίπτωverb of loss in reason clause→ perfectπίπτω: in battle contexts, 'fall' means be struck down or killed.
κέδροςcedarN2 NSF · κέδροςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clauseκέδρος: 'cedar'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseὅτι: connective rendered 'because' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
μεγάλωςgreatlyD · μεγάλωςadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseμεγάλως: lexical item rendered 'greatly' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
μεγιστᾶνεςgreat one / magnateN3 NPM · μεγιστάνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμεγιστάν: lexical item rendered 'great one / magnate' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἐταλαιπώρησανafflict / ruinVAI AAI3P · ταλαιπωρέωaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristταλαιπωρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'afflict / ruin' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ὀλολύξατεwailVA AAD2P · ὀλολύζωimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ aoristὀλολύζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'wail' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
δρύεςoakN3U NPF · δρῦςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδρῦς: lexical item rendered 'oak' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΒασανίτιδοςBashanN3D GSF · Βασανίτιςproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneBasanitidos: transliterated proper name preserved in the prophetic setting of this chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseὅτι: connective rendered 'because' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
κατεσπάσθηtear downVSI API3S · σπάω + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionσπάω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'tear down' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δρυμὸςforest / thicketN2 NSM · δρυμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδρυμός: lexical item rendered 'forest / thicket' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σύμφυτοςthick-grown / intertwinedA1B NSM · σύμφυτοςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseσύμφυτος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'thick-grown / intertwined' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
3
φωνὴ θρηνούντων ποιμένων ὅτι τεταλαιπώρηκεν ἡ μεγαλωσύνη αὐτῶν φωνὴ ὠρυομένων λεόντων ὅτι τεταλαιπώρηκεν τὸ φρύαγμα τοῦ Ιορδάνου
A sound of shepherds lamenting, because their greatness has been ruined; a sound of lions roaring, because the pride of the Jordan has been ruined.
Human rulers and predatory beasts join the mourning. The ruined pride of Jordan links political devastation with the loss of the habitats that once sheltered strength and menace.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
φωνὴvoice / soundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice / sound' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
θρηνούντωνlamentV2 · παπγπμ θρηνέωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceθρηνέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'lament' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ποιμένωνshepherdN3 GPM · ποιμήνgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseποιμήν: lexical item rendered 'shepherd' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseὅτι: connective rendered 'because' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τεταλαιπώρηκενafflict / ruinVX XAI3S · ταλαιπωρέωperfect verb describing a resulting state→ perfectταλαιπωρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'afflict / ruin' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μεγαλωσύνηgreatness / majestyN1 NSF · μεγαλωσύνηnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμεγαλωσύνη: lexical item rendered 'greatness / majesty' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
φωνὴvoice / soundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice / sound' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ὠρυομένωνroarV1 · πμπγπμ ὠρύομαιparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceὠρύομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'roar' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
λεόντωνlionN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseλέων: lexical item rendered 'lion' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseὅτι: connective rendered 'because' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τεταλαιπώρηκενafflict / ruinVX XAI3S · ταλαιπωρέωperfect verb describing a resulting state→ perfectταλαιπωρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'afflict / ruin' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φρύαγμαpride / roarN3M ASN · φρύαγμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalφρύαγμα: lexical item rendered 'pride / roar' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanN1M GSM · Ἰορδάνηςproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneIordanou: transliterated proper name preserved in the prophetic setting of this chapter.
4
τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ ποιμαίνετε τὰ πρόβατα τῆς σφαγῆς
Thus says the Lord Almighty: Shepherd the sheep for slaughter,
The arboreal lament now yields to the prophetic charge. The flock is already marked out as slaughter-bound, so the shepherding sign-act begins under a sentence of doom.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τάδεthese thingsRD NPN · ὅδεpronoun functioning as subject or emphatic subject markerαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'these things' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπαντοκράτωρ: lexical item rendered 'Almighty' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ποιμαίνετεshepherdV1 PAD2P · ποιμαίνωimperative verb directing the prophetic action or responseποιμαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shepherd' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: lexical item rendered 'sheep' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σφαγῆςslaughterN1 GSF · σφαγήgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseσφαγή: lexical item rendered 'slaughter' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
5
ἃ οἱ κτησάμενοι κατέσφαζον καὶ οὐ μετεμέλοντο καὶ οἱ πωλοῦντες αὐτὰ ἔλεγον εὐλογητὸς κύριος καὶ πεπλουτήκαμεν καὶ οἱ ποιμένες αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔπασχον οὐδὲν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς
those whom their buyers kept slaughtering without remorse, and those selling them kept saying, ‘Blessed be the Lord, for we have become rich,’ while their own shepherds suffered nothing on their account.
The verse exposes every layer of corrupt care: owners kill for gain, sellers cloak greed in piety, and shepherds remain untouched by the flock’s suffering.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἃwhich / whomRR APN · ὅςlexical item functioning within the clause according to contextὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / whom' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κτησάμενοιacquire / buyVA · αμπνπμ κτάομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionκτάομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'acquire / buy' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
κατέσφαζονslaughterV1I IAI3P · σφάζω + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionσφάζω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'slaughter' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
μετεμέλοντοfeel remorseV1I IMI3P · μελέω + μεταverbal element carrying the clause actionμελέω + μετα: verbal lexeme rendered 'feel remorse' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πωλοῦντεςsellV2 · παπνπμ πωλέωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseπωλέω: rendered here as 'sell' in the immediate context of Jerusalem's resettlement, priestly memory, wall-dedication praise, or Nehemiah's reform program.
αὐτὰhis / her / it / theirRD APN · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
ἔλεγονsayV1I IAI3P · λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseεὐλογητός: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'blessed' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
πεπλουτήκαμενbecome richVX XAI1P · πλουτέωperfect verb describing a resulting state→ perfectπλουτέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'become rich' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ποιμένεςshepherdN3 NPM · ποιμήνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionποιμήν: shepherd; nominal or adjectival form used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐκ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ἔπασχονsuffer / careV1I IAI3P · πάσχωverbal element carrying the clause actionπάσχω: verbal lexeme rendered 'suffer / care' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
οὐδὲνnothing / no oneA3 ASN · οὐδείςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseοὐδείς: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'nothing / no one' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπ': preposition rendered 'upon' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun marking reference, means, or locationαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'to them' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
6
διὰ τοῦτο οὐ φείσομαι οὐκέτι ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν λέγει κύριος καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ παραδίδωμι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἕκαστον εἰς χεῖρας τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως αὐτοῦ καὶ κατακόψουσιν τὴν γῆν καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐξέλωμαι ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῶν
Therefore I will no longer spare the inhabitants of the land, says the Lord. Behold, I am handing over each man into the hands of his neighbor and into the hands of his king; they will cut down the land, and I will certainly not rescue it from their hand.
Because the social order has become predatory, the Lord withdraws protective restraint. Internal violence and royal oppression become the means of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
διὰtherefore / because ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phraseδιὰ: preposition rendered 'therefore / because of' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'this' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
φείσομαιspareVF FMI1S · φείδομαιfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureφείδομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'spare' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐκέτι: lexical item rendered 'no longer' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'on / upon / against' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςkatoikountasV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'katoikountas' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land / earth' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούattention-getting particle introducing or heightening the statementἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered 'behold' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as subject or emphatic subject markerἐγὼ: pronoun form used here with the sense 'I', marking person or possession within the clause.
παραδίδωμιhand overV8 PAI1S · δίδωμι + παραpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentδίδωμι + παρα: verbal lexeme rendered 'hand over' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀνθρώπουςman / human beingN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'man / human being' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἕκαστονeachA1 ASM · ἕκαστοςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseἕκαστος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'each' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / to' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hand' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseπλησίον: lexical item rendered 'neighbor' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / to' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hand' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
κατακόψουσινcut downVF FAI3P · κόπτω + καταfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureκόπτω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'cut down' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land / earth' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseμὴ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ἐξέλωμαιdeliver / rescueVB AMS1S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause actionαἱρέω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'deliver / rescue' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from / out of' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hand' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
7
καὶ ποιμανῶ τὰ πρόβατα τῆς σφαγῆς εἰς τὴν Χαναανῖτιν καὶ λήμψομαι ἐμαυτῷ δύο ῥάβδους τὴν μίαν ἐκάλεσα Κάλλος καὶ τὴν ἑτέραν ἐκάλεσα Σχοίνισμα καὶ ποιμανῶ τὰ πρόβατα
And I shepherded the sheep for slaughter for the Canaanite traders, and I took for myself two staffs: one I called Beauty and the other I called Measuring-Line, and I shepherded the sheep.
The prophet now narrates the enacted oracle in the first person. The named staffs embody gracious order and covenantal cohesion within the shepherding task.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ποιμανῶshepherdVF2 FAI1S · ποιμαίνωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureποιμαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shepherd' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: lexical item rendered 'sheep' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σφαγῆςslaughterN1 GSF · σφαγήgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseσφαγή: lexical item rendered 'slaughter' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / to' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΧαναανῖτινCanaanite woman / traderN3T ASF · Χαναανῖτιςproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneChanaanitin: transliterated proper name preserved in the prophetic setting of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
λήμψομαιtakeVF FMI1S · λαμβάνωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦpronoun marking reference, means, or locationαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'for myself' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοlexical item functioning within the clause according to contextδύο: lexical item rendered 'two' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ῥάβδουςstaff / rodN2 APF · ῥάβδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalῥάβδος: lexical item rendered 'staff / rod' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseεἷς: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'one' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
ἐκάλεσαcall / nameVAI AAI1S · καλέωaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristκαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'call / name' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ΚάλλοςBeautyN3 ASN · κάλλοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalκάλλος: lexical item rendered 'Beauty' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑτέρανanotherA1A ASF · ἕτεροςobject or complement within the clauseἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'another' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐκάλεσαcall / nameVAI AAI1S · καλέωaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristκαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'call / name' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
Σχοίνισμαmeasuring-line / bondN3M ASN · σχοίνισμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalσχοίνισμα: lexical item rendered 'measuring-line / bond' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ποιμανῶshepherdVF2 FAI1S · ποιμαίνωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureποιμαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shepherd' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: lexical item rendered 'sheep' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
8
καὶ ἐξαρῶ τοὺς τρεῖς ποιμένας ἐν μηνὶ ἑνί καὶ βαρυνθήσεται ἡ ψυχή μου ἐπ' αὐτούς καὶ γὰρ αἱ ψυχαὶ αὐτῶν ἐπωρύοντο ἐπ' ἐμέ
And I removed the three shepherds in one month, and my soul grew impatient with them, for their souls also were growling against me.
The sign-act compresses decisive judgment into a single month. Mutual revulsion between shepherd and flock shows that the breakdown is moral and relational, not merely administrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἐξαρῶremoveVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureαἴρω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'remove' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τρεῖςthreeA3 APM · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseτρεῖς: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'three' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
ποιμέναςshepherdN3 APM · ποιμήνaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalποιμήν: lexical item rendered 'shepherd' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationμήν: lexical item rendered 'month' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἑνίone / eachA3 DSM · εἷςadjectival or ordinal modifierεἷς: 'one / each'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
βαρυνθήσεταιgrow weary / heavyVC FPI3S · βαρύνωverbal element carrying the clause actionβαρύνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'grow weary / heavy' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ψυχήsoul / lifeN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul / life' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceμου: pronoun form used here with the sense 'my', marking person or possession within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπ': preposition rendered 'upon' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'them' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
γὰρforX · γάρindeclinable particle or lexical item functioning within the clauseγὰρ: lexical item rendered 'for' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ψυχαὶsoul / lifeN1 NPF · ψυχήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionψυχή: lexical item rendered 'soul / life' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
ἐπωρύοντοrage againstVD AMI3P · ὠρυόμαι + ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause actionὠρυόμαι + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'rage against' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπ': preposition rendered 'upon' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
ἐμέIRP AS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complementἐμέ: pronoun form used here with the sense 'I', marking person or possession within the clause.
9
καὶ εἶπα οὐ ποιμανῶ ὑμᾶς τὸ ἀποθνῇσκον ἀποθνῃσκέτω καὶ τὸ ἐκλεῖπον ἐκλειπέτω καὶ τὰ κατάλοιπα κατεσθιέτωσαν ἕκαστος τὰς σάρκας τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ
And I said, ‘I will not shepherd you. Let what is dying die, and let what is failing fail, and let the survivors devour each the flesh of his neighbor.’
The Lord’s shepherd renounces further care. Once restraint is removed, death, disappearance, and cannibalizing neighbor-against-neighbor violence follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
εἶπαsaidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'said' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ποιμανῶshepherdVF2 FAI1S · ποιμαίνωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureποιμαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shepherd' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementὑμᾶς: pronoun form used here with the sense 'you', marking person or possession within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀποθνῇσκονapothneskonV1 · παπνσν θνήσκω + ἀποparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπαπνσν θνήσκω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'apothneskon' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἀποθνῃσκέτωdieV1 PAD3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause actionθνήσκω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'die' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκλεῖπονekleiponV1 · παπνσν λείπω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπαπνσν λείπω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'ekleipon' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἐκλειπέτωfail / perishV1 PAD3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause actionλείπω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'fail / perish' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κατάλοιπαthe remainderA1B APN · κατάλοιποςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseκατάλοιπος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'the remainder' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
κατεσθιέτωσανdevourV1 PAD3P · ἐσθίω + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionἐσθίω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'devour' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseἕκαστος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'each' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalσάρξ: lexical item rendered 'flesh' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseπλησίον: lexical item rendered 'neighbor' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
10
καὶ λήμψομαι τὴν ῥάβδον μου τὴν καλὴν καὶ ἀπορρίψω αὐτὴν τοῦ διασκεδάσαι τὴν διαθήκην μου ἣν διεθέμην πρὸς πάντας τοὺς λαούς
And I took my beautiful staff and cast it away, to break my covenant that I had made with all the peoples.
Breaking Beauty dramatizes the withdrawal of favorable order. The act declares that the protective arrangement holding the nations in check is being dissolved.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
λήμψομαιtakeVF FMI1S · λαμβάνωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ῥάβδονstaff / rodN2 ASF · ῥάβδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalῥάβδος: lexical item rendered 'staff / rod' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceμου: pronoun form used here with the sense 'my', marking person or possession within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καλὴνbeautifulA1 ASF · καλόςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clauseκαλός: 'beautiful'; used here in its ordinary sense within the wisdom-contest and restoration narrative of 1 Esdras 3-4.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἀπορρίψωcast awayVF FAI1S · ῥίπτω + ἀποfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureῥίπτω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'cast away' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'her' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διασκεδάσαιscatter / break apartVA AAN · σκεδάζω + διαaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristσκεδάζω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'scatter / break apart' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalδιαθήκη: lexical item rendered 'covenant' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceμου: pronoun form used here with the sense 'my', marking person or possession within the clause.
ἣνwhich / whomRR ASF · ὅςlexical item functioning within the clause according to contextὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / whom' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
διεθέμηνmake peaceVEI AMI1S · τίθημι + διαfinite verb advancing the clauseτίθημι + δια: 'make peace'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: preposition rendered 'to / toward' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseπᾶς: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'all / every' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαούςpeoplesN2 APM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clauseλαός: 'peoples'; lexical item interpreted here according to its immediate role in Habakkuk's prophetic discourse.
11
καὶ διασκεδασθήσεται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ καὶ γνώσονται οἱ Χαναναῖοι τὰ πρόβατα τὰ φυλασσόμενα διότι λόγος κυρίου ἐστίν
And it was broken on that day, and the Canaanites who were keeping the sheep knew that it was the word of the Lord.
The break takes effect immediately. Those watching the flock recognize that the enacted symbol is not theatrical flourish but a true prophetic word.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
διασκεδασθήσεταιscatter / break apartVS FPI3S · σκεδάζω + διαverbal element carrying the clause actionσκεδάζω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'scatter / break apart' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or locationαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'that' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
γνώσονταιknowVF FMI3P · γιγνώσκωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'know' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΧαναναῖοιCanaanite / traderN2 NPM · Χαναναῖοςproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneChananaioi: transliterated proper name preserved in the prophetic setting of this chapter.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: lexical item rendered 'sheep' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φυλασσόμεναkeep / watchV1 · πμπαπν φυλάσσωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceφυλάσσω: verbal lexeme rendered 'keep / watch' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseδιότι: connective rendered 'because' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
12
καὶ ἐρῶ πρὸς αὐτούς εἰ καλὸν ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν ἐστιν δότε στήσαντες τὸν μισθόν μου ἢ ἀπείπασθε καὶ ἔστησαν τὸν μισθόν μου τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς
And I said to them, ‘If it is good in your sight, give me my wages; but if not, refuse.’ And they weighed out my wages: thirty silver pieces.
The flock’s representatives value the shepherd with a contemptible wage. The commercial weighing of silver answers the earlier language of buyers and sellers.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἐρῶsaidVF2 FAI1S · εἶπονfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'said' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρὸς: preposition rendered 'to / toward' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'them' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseεἰ: connective rendered 'if' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
καλὸνgood / beautifulA1 ASM · καλόςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseκαλός: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'good / beautiful' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phraseἐνώπιον: preposition rendered 'before / in the sight of' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceὑμῶν: pronoun form used here with the sense 'your', marking person or possession within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
δότεgiveVO AAD2P · δίδωμιimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ aoristδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered 'give' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
στήσαντεςset / weigh outVA · ααπνπμ ἵστημιverbal element carrying the clause actionἵστημι: verbal lexeme rendered 'set / weigh out' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μισθόνwagesN2 ASM · μισθόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalμισθός: lexical item rendered 'wages' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceμου: pronoun form used here with the sense 'my', marking person or possession within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseἢ: connective rendered 'or' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἀπείπασθεrefuse / say noVAI AMI2P · εἶπον + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause actionεἶπον + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'refuse / say no' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἔστησανset / weigh outVHI AAI3P · ἵστημιaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristἵστημι: verbal lexeme rendered 'set / weigh out' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μισθόνwagesN2 ASM · μισθόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalμισθός: lexical item rendered 'wages' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceμου: pronoun form used here with the sense 'my', marking person or possession within the clause.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταlexical item functioning within the clause according to contextτριάκοντα: lexical item rendered 'thirty' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἀργυροῦςsilver piecesA1A APM · ἀργυροῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseἀργυροῦς: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'silver pieces' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
13
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με κάθες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ χωνευτήριον καὶ σκέψαι εἰ δόκιμόν ἐστιν ὃν τρόπον ἐδοκιμάσθην ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καὶ ἔλαβον τοὺς τριάκοντα ἀργυροῦς καὶ ἐνέβαλον αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸν οἶκον κυρίου εἰς τὸ χωνευτήριον
And the Lord said to me, ‘Put them into the foundry, and see whether it is acceptable, the way I was tested by them.’ So I took the thirty silver pieces and threw them into the house of the Lord, into the foundry.
The Lord interprets the payment as a test of the shepherd himself. Returning it to the house of the Lord turns the insult into evidence laid before divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'said' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
πρόςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'to / toward' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complementμε: pronoun form used here with the sense 'me', marking person or possession within the clause.
κάθεςcast / putVH AAD2S · ἵημι + καταimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ aoristἵημι + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'cast / put' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'them' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / to' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χωνευτήριονfoundry / furnaceN2N ASN · χωνευτήριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalχωνευτήριον: lexical item rendered 'foundry / furnace' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
σκέψαιconsider / seeVA AMD2S · σκέπτομαιimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ imperativeσκέπτομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'consider / see' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseεἰ: connective rendered 'if' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
δόκιμόνacceptable / approvedA1B NSN · δόκιμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseδόκιμος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'acceptable / approved' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ὃνwhich / whomRR ASM · ὅςlexical item functioning within the clause according to contextὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / whom' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τρόπονmanner / wayN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalτρόπος: lexical item rendered 'manner / way' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἐδοκιμάσθηνtestVAI API1S · δοκιμάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionδοκιμάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'test' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phraseὑπὲρ: preposition rendered 'for / on behalf of' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἔλαβονtakeVBI AAI1S · λαμβάνωaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταlexical item functioning within the clause according to contextτριάκοντα: lexical item rendered 'thirty' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἀργυροῦςsilver piecesA1C NSM · ἀργυροῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseἀργυροῦς: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'silver pieces' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἐνέβαλονthrow intoVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + ἐνaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristβάλλω + ἐν: verbal lexeme rendered 'throw into' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'them' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / to' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / to' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χωνευτήριονfoundry / furnaceN2N ASN · χωνευτήριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalχωνευτήριον: lexical item rendered 'foundry / furnace' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
14
καὶ ἀπέρριψα τὴν ῥάβδον τὴν δευτέραν τὸ Σχοίνισμα τοῦ διασκεδάσαι τὴν κατάσχεσιν ἀνὰ μέσον Ιουδα καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ Ισραηλ
And I cast away the second staff, Measuring-Line, to break the bond between Judah and between Israel.
If the first staff signaled withdrawn favor, the second signals fractured solidarity. The chapter now moves from broken covenantal order to broken communal unity.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἀπέρριψαcast awayVAI AAI1S · ῥίπτω + ἀποaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristῥίπτω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'cast away' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ῥάβδονstaff / rodN2 ASF · ῥάβδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalῥάβδος: lexical item rendered 'staff / rod' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δευτέρανsecondA1A ASF · δεύτεροςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseδεύτερος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'second' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
Σχοίνισμαmeasuring-line / bondN3M ASN · σχοίνισμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalσχοίνισμα: lexical item rendered 'measuring-line / bond' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διασκεδάσαιscatter / break apartVA AAN · σκεδάζω + διαaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristσκεδάζω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'scatter / break apart' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κατάσχεσινbond / possessionN3I ASF · κατάσχεσιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalκατάσχεσις: lexical item rendered 'bond / possession' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἀνὰbetween / up / throughoutP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phraseἀνὰ: preposition rendered 'between / up / throughout' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
μέσονmiddle / midstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseμέσος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'middle / midst' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneIouda: transliterated proper name preserved in the prophetic setting of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἀνὰbetween / up / throughoutP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phraseἀνὰ: preposition rendered 'between / up / throughout' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
μέσονmiddle / midstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseμέσος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'middle / midst' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the prophetic setting of this chapter.
15
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἔτι λαβὲ σεαυτῷ σκεύη ποιμενικὰ ποιμένος ἀπείρου
And the Lord said to me, ‘Take up again for yourself the implements of an inexperienced shepherd.’
A second sign-act begins. The prophet must now portray not a rejected good shepherd but the arrival of an incapable and destructive one.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'said' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
πρόςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'to / toward' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complementμε: pronoun form used here with the sense 'me', marking person or possession within the clause.
ἔτιstill / yetD · ἔτιadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseἔτι: lexical item rendered 'still / yet' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωimperative verb directing the prophetic action or response→ aoristλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronoun marking reference, means, or locationαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'for yourself' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
σκεύηimplements / gearN3E APN · σκεῦοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalσκεῦος: lexical item rendered 'implements / gear' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ποιμενικὰshepherdingA1 APN · ποιμενικόςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseποιμενικός: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'shepherding' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
ποιμένοςshepherdN3 GSM · ποιμήνgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseποιμήν: lexical item rendered 'shepherd' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἀπείρουinexperiencedA1B GSM · ἄπειροςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseἄπειρος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'inexperienced' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
16
διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐξεγείρω ποιμένα ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν τὸ ἐκλιμπάνον οὐ μὴ ἐπισκέψηται καὶ τὸ διεσκορπισμένον οὐ μὴ ζητήσῃ καὶ τὸ συντετριμμένον οὐ μὴ ἰάσηται καὶ τὸ ὁλόκληρον οὐ μὴ κατευθύνῃ καὶ τὰ κρέα τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν καταφάγεται καὶ τοὺς ἀστραγάλους αὐτῶν ἐκστρέψει
For behold, I am raising up a shepherd over the land who will not visit the lost, will not seek the scattered, will not heal the broken, will not guide the healthy, but will devour the flesh of the choice sheep and wrench off their ankles.
The anti-shepherd is defined by systematic neglect of every proper pastoral duty. His care turns predatory, consuming precisely those he should preserve.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseδιότι: connective rendered 'because' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούattention-getting particle introducing or heightening the statementἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered 'behold' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as subject or emphatic subject markerἐγὼ: pronoun form used here with the sense 'I', marking person or possession within the clause.
ἐξεγείρωam rousingV1 PAI1S · ἐγείρω + ἐκmain verb→ presentἐξεγείρω: "raise up, stir up"; often of arousing an agent or force.
ποιμέναshepherdN3 ASM · ποιμήνaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalποιμήν: lexical item rendered 'shepherd' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'on / upon / against' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land / earth' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκλιμπάνονeklimpanonV1 · παπασν λιμπάνω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπαπασν λιμπάνω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'eklimpanon' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseμὴ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ἐπισκέψηταιskeptomai + epiVA AMS3S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'skeptomai + epi' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διεσκορπισμένονdieskorpismenonVX · χμπασν σκορπίζω + διαparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceχμπασν σκορπίζω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'dieskorpismenon' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseμὴ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ζητήσῃseekVA AAS3S · ζητέωaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristζητέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'seek' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
συντετριμμένονsuntetrimmenonVP · χμπασν τρίβω + συνparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceχμπασν τρίβω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered 'suntetrimmenon' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseμὴ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
ἰάσηταιhealVA AMS3S · ἰάομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionἰάομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'heal' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὁλόκληρονwhole / healthyA1B ASN · ὁλόκληροςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseὁλόκληρος: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'whole / healthy' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clauseμὴ: lexical item rendered 'not' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
κατευθύνῃguide / directVA AAS3S · εὐθύνω + καταaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristεὐθύνω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'guide / direct' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κρέαfleshN3 APN · κρέαςnominal element functioning within the clauseκρέας: flesh; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκλεκτῶνchosenA1 GPM · ἐκλεκτόςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveἐκλεκτός: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: 'devour'; compound lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action or relation in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀστραγάλουςankle / hoof-jointN2 APM · ἀστράγαλοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalἀστράγαλος: lexical item rendered 'ankle / hoof-joint' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
ἐκστρέψειwrench away / twist offVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἐκfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureστρέφω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'wrench away / twist off' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
17
ὦ οἱ ποιμαίνοντες τὰ μάταια καὶ οἱ καταλελοιπότες τὰ πρόβατα μάχαιρα ἐπὶ τοὺς βραχίονας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν τὸν δεξιὸν αὐτοῦ ὁ βραχίων αὐτοῦ ξηραινόμενος ξηρανθήσεται καὶ ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς ὁ δεξιὸς αὐτοῦ ἐκτυφλούμενος ἐκτυφλωθήσεται
Alas for the shepherds who feed what is vain and abandon the sheep. A sword is upon his arms and upon his right eye; his arm shall utterly wither, and his right eye shall be utterly blinded.
The final woe answers failed shepherding with bodily judgment. The arm that should protect and the eye that should watch are both struck, undoing the false shepherd’s power.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ὦalas / OI · ὦattention-getting particle introducing or heightening the statementὦ: lexical item rendered 'alas / O' here, contributing the clause's local rhetorical force.
οἱtheRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ποιμαίνοντεςshepherdV1 · παπνπμ ποιμαίνωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceποιμαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shepherd' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementμάταιος: lexical item rendered 'vain things' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καταλελοιπότεςkataleloipotesVX · χαπVπμ λείπω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceχαπVπμ λείπω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'kataleloipotes' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: lexical item rendered 'sheep' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
μάχαιραswordN1A NSF · μάχαιραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμάχαιρα: lexical item rendered 'sword' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'on / upon / against' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βραχίοναςarmN3N APM · βραχίωνaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalβραχίων: lexical item rendered 'arm' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπὶ: preposition rendered 'on / upon / against' here; it introduces the following complement and helps specify relation, direction, or sphere.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὀφθαλμὸνeyeN2 ASM · ὀφθαλμόςobject of the infinitive ἐξορύξαιὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; renders עַיִן; the right eye was the warrior's targeting eye (the left being shielded behind the buckler), so its removal would render the men militarily useless and permanently shamed.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δεξιὸνrightA1A ASM · δεξιόςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseδεξιός: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'right' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βραχίωνarmN3N NSM · βραχίωνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβραχίων: lexical item rendered 'arm' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
ξηραινόμενοςdry up / witherV1 · πμπνσμ ξηραίνωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceξηραίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'dry up / wither' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ξηρανθήσεταιdry up / witherVC FPI3S · ξηραίνωverbal element carrying the clause actionξηραίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'dry up / wither' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαὶ: connective rendered 'and' here, shaping the linkage and rhetorical flow of the prophetic sentence.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eye' here according to its local syntactic role in Zechariah 12.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δεξιὸςrightA1A NSM · δεξιόςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseδεξιός: adjectival or numeral lexeme rendered 'right' here, qualifying its head term within the phrase.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered 'his / her / it / their' here, pointing back to a participant already established in the discourse.
ἐκτυφλούμενοςektuphloumenosV4 · πμπνσμ τυφλόω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπμπνσμ τυφλόω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'ektuphloumenos' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.
ἐκτυφλωθήσεταιblind utterlyVC FPI3S · τυφλόω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause actionτυφλόω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'blind utterly' here; the form carries the chapter's action in its immediate prophetic context.