1
λῆμμα λόγου κυρίου ἐπὶ τὸν Ισραηλ λέγει κύριος ἐκτείνων οὐρανὸν καὶ θεμελιῶν γῆν καὶ πλάσσων πνεῦμα ἀνθρώπου ἐν αὐτῷ
An oracle of the word of the Lord concerning Israel. Thus says the Lord, stretching out heaven and founding earth and forming the spirit of man within him:
The heading identifies the message as a burden concerning Israel and immediately grounds it in the Lord’s cosmic acts of stretching, founding, and forming. The coming defense of Jerusalem rests on creator authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
λῆμμαoracle / burdenN3M NSN · λῆμμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλῆμμα: meaning 'oracle'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as present finite verb carrying the clause action.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκτείνωνekteinonV1 · παπνσμ τείνω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force→ aoristic eventπαπνσμ τείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'ekteinon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεμελιῶνfoundV4 · παπνσμ θεμελιόωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπαπνσμ θεμελιόω: meaning 'found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλάσσωνformV1 · παπνσμ πλάσσωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'form'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ἀνθρώπουman / human beingN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῷin himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'in him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
2
ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν Ιερουσαλημ ὡς πρόθυρα σαλευόμενα πᾶσι τοῖς λαοῖς κύκλῳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ ἔσται περιοχὴ ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ
Behold, I make Jerusalem like shaking thresholds to all the peoples around, and in Judah there shall be encirclement against Jerusalem.
Jerusalem is pictured as an object that destabilizes those who come against it. The siege pressure reaches Judah as well, so the city’s trial embraces the whole region.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούattention-getting particle introducing or heightening the statement→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as subject or emphatic subject marker→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or emphatic subject marker.
τίθημιplace / makeV7 PAI1S · τίθημιpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as present finite verb carrying the clause action.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόθυραthreshold / porchN2N APN · πρόθυρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπρόθυρον: meaning 'threshold'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
σαλευόμεναshakeV1 · πμπαπν σαλεύωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπμπαπν σαλεύω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
πᾶσιall / everyA3 DPM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῖςpeopleN2 DPM · λαόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
περιοχὴencirclement / siege-ringN1 NSF · περιοχήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπεριοχή: meaning 'encirclement'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
3
καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ θήσομαι τὴν Ιερουσαλημ λίθον καταπατούμενον πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν πᾶς ὁ καταπατῶν αὐτὴν ἐμπαίζων ἐμπαίξεται καὶ ἐπισυναχθήσονται ἐπ' αὐτὴν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τῆς γῆς
And it shall be on that day: I will make Jerusalem a trampled stone for all the nations; everyone who tramples it will certainly be mocked, and all the nations of the earth shall be gathered against it.
The nations imagine they can tread Jerusalem down, yet the image turns back on them. The city becomes the point at which gathered imperial aggression is exposed and reversed.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
θήσομαιplace / makeVF FMI1S · τίθημιfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
λίθονstoneN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
καταπατούμενονtrample downV2 · πμπασμ πατέω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clauseπμπασμ πατέω + κατα: meaning 'trample down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πᾶσινall / everyA3 DPN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
πᾶςall / everyA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπατῶνkatapatonV2 · παπνσμ πατέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πατέω + κατα: meaning 'katapaton'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐμπαίζωνempaizonV1 · παπνσμ παίζω + ἐνparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπαπνσμ παίζω + ἐν: meaning 'empaizon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
ἐμπαίξεταιwill mockVF FMI3S · παίζω + ἐνmain verb→ futureπαίζω + ἐν: meaning 'will mock'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισυναχθήσονταιgather together againstVQ FPI3P · ἄγω + ἐπι + συνverbal element carrying the clause actionἄγω + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'gather together against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πάνταall / everyA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςland / earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
4
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ πατάξω πάντα ἵππον ἐν ἐκστάσει καὶ τὸν ἀναβάτην αὐτοῦ ἐν παραφρονήσει ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν οἶκον Ιουδα διανοίξω τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἵππους τῶν λαῶν πατάξω ἐν ἀποτυφλώσει
On that day, says the Lord Almighty, I will strike every horse with panic and its rider with madness; but over the house of Judah I will open my eyes, and every horse of the peoples I will strike with blindness.
Mounted force, a classic sign of war strength, is thrown into confusion. At the same time the Lord’s opened eyes toward Judah mark protective attention amid judgment on the invaders.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωpresent finite verb carrying the clause action→ presentλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as present finite verb carrying the clause action.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πατάξωthey struck downVF FAI1S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureπατάσσω: meaning 'they struck down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πάνταall / everyA3 ASM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
ἵππονhorseN2 ASM · ἵπποςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκστάσειastonishmentN3I DSF · ἔκστασιςdative element marking sphere, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceἔκστασις: meaning 'astonishment'; it serves as dative element marking sphere, reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβάτηνriderN1M ASM · ἀναβάτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀναβάτης: meaning 'rider'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhis / her / it / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
παραφρονήσειmadnessN3I DSF · παραφρόνησιςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationπαραφρόνησις: meaning 'madness'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable particle or lexical item functioning within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
διανοίξωopen wideVF FAI1S · οἴγω + δια + ἀναfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'open wide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμούςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππουςhorseN2 APM · ἵπποςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
πατάξωthey struck downVF FAI1S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureπατάσσω: meaning 'they struck down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀποτυφλώσειblindnessN3I DSF · ἀποτύφλωσιςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationἀποτύφλωσις: meaning 'blindness'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
5
καὶ ἐροῦσιν οἱ χιλίαρχοι Ιουδα ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν εὑρήσομεν ἑαυτοῖς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ιερουσαλημ ἐν κυρίῳ παντοκράτορι θεῷ αὐτῶν
And the captains of Judah will say in their hearts, ‘We shall find strength for ourselves in the inhabitants of Jerusalem, in the Lord Almighty their God.’
Judah’s commanders interpret the crisis theologically. Their confidence is not self-generated but found in Jerusalem’s God-governed community.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλίαρχοιcaptainN2 NPM · χιλίαρχοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχιλίαρχος: meaning 'captain'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαιςheartN1A DPF · καρδίαdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εὑρήσομενshall we findVF FAI1P · εὑρίσκωverb of the rhetorical question→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall we find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the rhetorical question.
ἑαυτοῖςfor themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'for themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςkatoikountasV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'katoikountas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
παντοκράτοριAlmightyN3R DSM · παντοκράτωρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
6
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ θήσομαι τοὺς χιλιάρχους Ιουδα ὡς δαλὸν πυρὸς ἐν ξύλοις καὶ ὡς λαμπάδα πυρὸς ἐν καλάμῃ καὶ καταφάγονται ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων πάντας τοὺς λαοὺς κυκλόθεν καὶ κατοικήσει Ιερουσαλημ ἔτι καθ' ἑαυτήν
On that day I will make the captains of Judah like a firebrand of fire among wood and like a torch of fire among stubble, and they shall devour all the surrounding peoples on the right and on the left; and Jerusalem shall still dwell in her own place.
The military reversal is described through combustible imagery. Judah becomes the instrument of spread-out judgment while Jerusalem remains settled in her own site.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
θήσομαιplace / makeVF FMI1S · τίθημιfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλιάρχουςcaptainN2 APM · χιλίαρχοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalχιλίαρχος: meaning 'captain'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δαλὸνfirebrandN2 ASM · δαλόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationδαλός: meaning 'firebrand'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
πυρὸςfireN3R GSN · πῦρgenitive element qualifying a related head termπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ξύλοιςtimber / woodN2N DPN · ξύλονdative complement within the clause or phrase→ nominal, pronominal, or adjectival contribution to the oracle's imagery and argumentξύλον: meaning 'timber'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαμπάδαtorchN3D ASF · λαμπάςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goalλαμπάς: meaning 'torch'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
πυρὸςfireN3R GSN · πῦρgenitive element qualifying a related head termπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καλάμῃstubbleN1 DSF · καλάμηdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ righteous preservation and divine evaluationκαλάμη: meaning 'stubble'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγονταιdevourVF FMI3P · ἐσθίω + καταfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δεξιῶνto the southA1A GPN · δεξιόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ genitive element marking relation or specificationδεξιός: meaning 'to the south'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
εὐωνύμωνleft sideA1B GPN · εὐώνυμοςgenitive element within the idiom ἐξ εὐωνύμων ('at the left side')εὐώνυμος: meaning 'left side'; it serves as genitive element within the idiom ἐξ εὐωνύμων ('at the left side').
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοὺςpeopleN2 APM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικήσειdwellingVF FAI3S · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist indicative summaryοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ἔτιstill / yetD · ἔτιadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτήνthemselves / himselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτήν: meaning 'themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
7
καὶ σώσει κύριος τὰ σκηνώματα Ιουδα καθὼς ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ὅπως μὴ μεγαλύνηται καύχημα οἴκου Δαυιδ καὶ ἔπαρσις τῶν κατοικούντων Ιερουσαλημ ἐπὶ τὸν Ιουδαν
And the Lord will save the tents of Judah as at the beginning, so that the boast of the house of David and the pride of the inhabitants of Jerusalem may not be magnified over Judah.
The order of salvation matters. By rescuing Judah’s more vulnerable settlements first, the Lord prevents royal or urban glory from overshadowing the rest of the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σώσειsaveVF FAI3S · σώζωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματαtent-dwellingN3M APN · σκήνωμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'tent-dwelling'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier sharpening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
μεγαλύνηταιmagnify / become greatVA AMS3S · μεγαλύνωverbal element carrying the clause actionμεγαλύνω: meaning 'magnify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
καύχημαboastN3M ASN · καύχημαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαύχημα: meaning 'boast'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπαρσιςpride / exaltationN3I NSF · ἔπαρσιςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔπαρσις: meaning 'pride'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικούντωνkatoikountonV2 · παπγπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'katoikounton'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
8
καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ὑπερασπιεῖ κύριος ὑπὲρ τῶν κατοικούντων Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἔσται ὁ ἀσθενῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ὡς οἶκος Δαυιδ ὁ δὲ οἶκος Δαυιδ ὡς οἶκος θεοῦ ὡς ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν
And it shall be on that day: the Lord will shield the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the one who is weak among them on that day shall be like the house of David, and the house of David shall be like the house of God, like an angel of the Lord before them.
The city’s weakest member is elevated, and David’s house is described in superlative, almost heavenly terms. The promise piles strength upon strength to stress the Lord’s defense.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
ὑπερασπιεῖwill shield / protectVF2 FAI3S · ἀσπίζω + ὑπερmain verb (the LORD as Israel's shield-bearer)→ futureἀσπίζω + ὑπερ: meaning 'will shield'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the LORD as Israel's shield-bearer).
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικούντωνkatoikountonV2 · παπγπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'katoikounton'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσθενῶνbe weakV2 · παπνσμ ἀσθενέωparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπαπνσμ ἀσθενέω: meaning 'be weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andX · δέindeclinable particle or lexical item functioning within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄγγελοςangel / messengerN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
9
καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ζητήσω τοῦ ἐξᾶραι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τὰ ἐπερχόμενα ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ
And it shall be on that day that I will seek to remove all the nations that come against Jerusalem.
The oracle states the divine intent plainly. The gathered nations are not merely resisted; they are marked out for removal.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
ζητήσωto inquireVF FAI1S · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureζητέω: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξᾶραιremoveVA AAN · αἴρω + ἐκaoristic verb carrying the clause’s event→ aoristαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as aoristic verb carrying the clause’s event.
πάνταall / everyA3 APN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπερχόμεναἔρχομαι + ἐπιV1 · πμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπιParticipial modifier→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Participial modifier.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
10
καὶ ἐκχεῶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Δαυιδ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ιερουσαλημ πνεῦμα χάριτος καὶ οἰκτιρμοῦ καὶ ἐπιβλέψονται πρός με ἀνθ' ὧν κατωρχήσαντο καὶ κόψονται ἐπ' αὐτὸν κοπετὸν ὡς ἐπ' ἀγαπητὸν καὶ ὀδυνηθήσονται ὀδύνην ὡς ἐπὶ πρωτοτόκῳ
And I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and compassion, and they shall look toward me because of the one against whom they danced in triumph, and they shall mourn for him with lamentation as for a beloved one, and they shall grieve with grief as for a firstborn.
The military oracle turns inward toward repentance. The poured-out spirit produces recognition, and the grief is described with the most intimate registers of familial loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκχεῶpour outVF2 FAI1S · χέω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ futureχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςkatoikountasV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'katoikountas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
χάριτοςof graceN3T GSF · χάριςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ relational specificationχάρις: meaning 'of grace'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκτιρμοῦcompassion / mercyN2 GSM · οἰκτιρμόςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseοἰκτιρμός: meaning 'compassion'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβλέψονταιlook towardVF FMI3P · βλέπω + ἐπιfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look toward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
πρόςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀνθ'because ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνθ': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὧνwhich / whomRR GPN · ὅςlexical item functioning within the clause according to context→ relational specificationὅς: meaning 'which'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
κατωρχήσαντοdance in triumph againstVAI AMI3P · ὀρχέομαι + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionὀρχέομαι + κατα: meaning 'dance in triumph against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόψονταιmourn / cutVF FMI3P · κόπτωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureκόπτω: meaning 'mourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κοπετὸνmourning / lamentN2 ASM · κοπετόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκοπετός: meaning 'mourning'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀγαπητὸνbelovedA1 ASM · ἀγαπητόςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ object specificationἀγαπητός: meaning 'beloved'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀδυνηθήσονταιsuffer painVC FPI3P · ὀδυνάωverbal element carrying the clause actionὀδυνάω: meaning 'suffer pain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
ὀδύνηνpain / griefN1 ASF · ὀδύνηaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πρωτοτόκῳfirstbornA1B DSM · πρωτότοκοςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phraseπρωτότοκος: meaning 'firstborn'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
11
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ μεγαλυνθήσεται ὁ κοπετὸς ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ὡς κοπετὸς ῥοῶνος ἐν πεδίῳ ἐκκοπτομένου
On that day the mourning in Jerusalem shall be magnified, like the mourning of a pomegranate grove in a field being cut down.
The Greek text preserves a distinctive simile unlike the more familiar Hebrew place-name tradition. The lament is pictured as agricultural devastation, deepening the chapter’s sense of communal loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
μεγαλυνθήσεταιmagnify / become greatVC FPI3P · μεγαλύνωverbal element carrying the clause actionμεγαλύνω: meaning 'magnify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοπετὸςlamentN2 NSM · κοπετόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierκοπετός: meaning 'lament'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοπετὸςlamentN2 NSM · κοπετόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierκοπετός: meaning 'lament'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ῥοῶνοςpomegranate groveN3 GSM · ῥοώνgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseῥοών: meaning 'pomegranate grove'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πεδίῳfield / plainN2N DSN · πεδίονdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐκκοπτομένουekkoptomenouV1 · πμπγσμ κόπτω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceπμπγσμ κόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'ekkoptomenou'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
12
καὶ κόψεται ἡ γῆ κατὰ φυλὰς φυλάς φυλὴ καθ' ἑαυτὴν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καθ' ἑαυτάς φυλὴ οἶκου Δαυιδ καθ' ἑαυτὴν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καθ' ἑαυτάς φυλὴ οἴκου Ναθαν καθ' ἑαυτὴν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καθ' ἑαυτάς
And the land shall mourn, tribe by tribe: the tribe of the house of David by itself, and their women by themselves; the tribe of the house of Nathan by itself, and their women by themselves;
The grief now distributes itself by households. The separation of tribal groups and of women underscores the comprehensiveness and personal depth of the lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόψεταιmourn / cutVF FMI3S · κόπτωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureκόπτω: meaning 'mourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φυλὰςtribeN1 APF · φυλήaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
φυλάςtribesN1 APF · φυλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribes'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτὴνby itselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτὴν: meaning 'by itself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomen / wifeN3K NPF · γυνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτάςby themselvesRD APF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτάς: meaning 'by themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἶκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clauseοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτὴνby itselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτὴν: meaning 'by itself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomen / wifeN3K NPF · γυνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτάςby themselvesRD APF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτάς: meaning 'by themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ΝαθανNathanN GSM · Ναθανproper name functioning within the prophetic sceneΝαθαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτὴνby itselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτὴν: meaning 'by itself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomen / wifeN3K NPF · γυνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτάςby themselvesRD APF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτάς: meaning 'by themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
13
φυλὴ οἴκου Λευι καθ' ἑαυτὴν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καθ' ἑαυτάς φυλὴ τοῦ Συμεων καθ' ἑαυτὴν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καθ' ἑαυτάς
the tribe of the house of Levi by itself, and their women by themselves; the tribe of Simeon by itself, and their women by themselves;
The list continues from royal to priestly and tribal lines. No sector of the covenant people is exempt from the penitential sorrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
ΛευιLeviN GSM · Λευίproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΛευι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτὴνby itselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτὴν: meaning 'by itself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomen / wifeN3K NPF · γυνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτάςby themselvesRD APF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτάς: meaning 'by themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυμεωνSimeonN GSM · Συμεωνproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτὴνby itselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτὴν: meaning 'by itself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomen / wifeN3K NPF · γυνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτάςby themselvesRD APF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτάς: meaning 'by themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
14
πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ αἱ ὑπολελειμμέναι φυλὴ καθ' ἑαυτὴν καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καθ' ἑαυτάς
all the tribes that remain, each tribe by itself, and their women by themselves.
The oracle ends without narrowing the grief back down. What began with named households now embraces all the surviving tribes in ordered, household-level lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πᾶσαιall / everyA1S NPF · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within its phrase.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλαὶtribeN1 NPF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπολελειμμέναιhupoleleimmenaiVP · χμπνπφ λείπω + ὑποparticiple modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial forceχμπνπφ λείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'hupoleleimmenai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with descriptive or circumstantial force.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτὴνby itselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτὴν: meaning 'by itself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomen / wifeN3K NPF · γυνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνhis / her / it / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καθ'by / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτάςby themselvesRD APF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτάς: meaning 'by themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.