1
καὶ ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ τέσσαρα κέρατα
And I lifted up my eyes and saw, and behold, four horns.
The new scene is introduced with the classic visionary formula. The horns are symbolic powers, and their number suggests a full range of hostile force rather than a single enemy.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἦραliftedVAI AAI1S · αἴρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeαἴρω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "lifted"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ὀφθαλμούςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered here as "eye"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI3P · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "see"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or deictic particle heightening attention within the clauseἰδού: deictic particle, usually rendered "behold," drawing the hearer's attention to a sudden or significant detail.
τέσσαραfourA3 APN · τέσσαρεςaccusative element functioning as object or goalτέσσαρες: lexical item rendered here as "τεσσαρες"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κέραταhornsN3T APN · κέραςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκέρας: lexical item rendered here as "horns"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
2
καὶ εἶπα πρὸς τὸν ἄγγελον τὸν λαλοῦντα ἐν ἐμοί τί ἐστιν ταῦτα κύριε καὶ εἶπεν πρός με ταῦτα τὰ κέρατα τὰ διασκορπίσαντα τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ τὸν Ισραηλ
And I said to the angel who spoke in me, “What are these, lord?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that scattered Judah and Israel.”
The mediating angel immediately names the symbols. The horns represent the powers that shattered the covenant people, with Judah and Israel together recalling the full people of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶπαsaidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "said"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἄγγελονangelN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἄγγελος: lexical item rendered here as "angel"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λαλοῦνταspeakingV2 · παπασμ λαλέωparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπαπασμ λαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "speaking"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςnominative element functioning within the clauseτίς: lexical item rendered here as "what"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered here as "this"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative element used in direct addressκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "said"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὕτοςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseοὕτος: lexical item rendered here as "ουτος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κέραταhornsN3T NPN · κέραςnominative element functioning within the clauseκέρας: lexical item rendered here as "horns"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
διασκορπίσανταscatteringVA · ααπνπν σκορπίζω + διαmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause forward in contextααπνπν σκορπίζω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered here as "scattering"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙουδαν: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
3
καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι κύριος τέσσαρας τέκτονας
And the Lord showed me four craftsmen.
The answer to the horns is not abstract reassurance but another symbolic group. The craftsmen are agents prepared to deal practically and forcefully with the instruments of scattering.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἔδειξένshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeδεικνύω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "show"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
μοιIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τέσσαραςfourA3 APM · τέσσαρεςaccusative element functioning as object or goalτέσσαρες: lexical item rendered here as "τεσσαρες"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τέκτοναςcraftsmenN3N APM · τέκτωνaccusative element functioning as object or goalτέκτων: a craftsman or artisan, here one of the figures raised up to terrify and cut down the hostile horns.
4
καὶ εἶπα τί οὗτοι ἔρχονται ποιῆσαι καὶ εἶπεν πρός με ταῦτα τὰ κέρατα τὰ διασκορπίσαντα τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ τὸν Ισραηλ κατέαξαν καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν ἦρεν κεφαλήν καὶ εἰσῆλθον οὗτοι τοῦ ὀξῦναι αὐτὰ εἰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν τὰ τέσσαρα κέρατα τὰ ἔθνη τὰ ἐπαιρόμενα κέρας ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν κυρίου τοῦ διασκορπίσαι αὐτήν
And I said, “What are these coming to do?” And he said to me, “These are the horns that scattered Judah and Israel and shattered them, so that none of them lifted up his head; and these have come to sharpen them in their hands, the four horns, the nations that raised a horn against the land of the Lord in order to scatter it.”
The explanation rehearses the violence of the horns and then presents the craftsmen as the answer to it. The imagery is terse and difficult, but the sense is clear: the proud nations that raised their horn against the Lord's land will now be dealt with in turn.
Word-by-word analysis· 50 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶπαsaidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "said"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςaccusative element functioning as object or goalτίς: lexical item rendered here as "what"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
οὗτοιthisRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered here as "this"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἔρχονταιcomeV1 PMI3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingἔρχομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "come"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ποιῆσαιdoVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form functioning within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ποιεω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "said"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὕτοςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseοὕτος: lexical item rendered here as "ουτος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κέραταhornsN3T NPN · κέραςnominative element functioning within the clauseκέρας: lexical item rendered here as "horns"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
διασκορπίσανταscatteringVA · ααπνπν σκορπίζω + διαmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause forward in contextααπνπν σκορπίζω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered here as "scattering"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙουδαν: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙσραηλ: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
κατέαξανshatteredVAI AAI3P · ἄγνυμι + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἄγνυμι + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "shattered"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning within the clauseοὐδείς: lexical item rendered here as "ουδεις"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῶνhimRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἦρενliftedVAI AAI3S · αἴρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeαἴρω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "lifted"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object or goalκεφαλή: lexical item rendered here as "κεφαλη"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἰσῆλθονenteredVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered here as "entered"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
οὗτοιthisRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered here as "this"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ὀξῦναιsharpenVA AAN · ὀξύνωinfinitival verbal form functioning within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὀξύνω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "οξυνω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
αὐτὰhimRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition meaning "into" or "toward," often marking movement, goal, or resulting state.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goalχείρ: lexical item rendered here as "hand"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῶνhimRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τέσσαραfourA3 APN · τέσσαρεςaccusative element functioning as object or goalτέσσαρες: lexical item rendered here as "τεσσαρες"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κέραταhornsN3T APN · κέραςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκέρας: lexical item rendered here as "horns"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἔθνος: lexical item rendered here as "εθνος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπαιρόμεναraising itselfV1 · πμπαπν αἴρω + ἐπιparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπμπαπν αἴρω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "raising itself"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κέραςhornsN3T NSN · κέραςnominative element functioning within the clauseκέρας: lexical item rendered here as "horns"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered according to context as "on," "against," or "over," with a wide semantic range in narrative and oracle speech.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or goalγῆ: lexical item rendered here as "earth"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phraseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
διασκορπίσαιscatterVA AAN · σκορπίζω + διαinfinitival verbal form functioning within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeσκορπίζω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered here as "scatter"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
αὐτήνhimRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
5
καὶ ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ σχοινίον γεωμετρικόν
And I lifted up my eyes and saw, and behold, a man, and in his hand a measuring line.
The chapter pivots from enemy judgment to restoration planning. The measuring line signals survey, order, and a city whose future is now being actively defined.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἦραliftedVAI AAI1S · αἴρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeαἴρω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "lifted"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ὀφθαλμούςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered here as "eye"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "see"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or deictic particle heightening attention within the clauseἰδού: deictic particle, usually rendered "behold," drawing the hearer's attention to a sudden or significant detail.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning within the clauseἀνήρ: lexical item rendered here as "ανηρ"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative complement within the clauseχείρ: lexical item rendered here as "hand"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
σχοινίονlineN2 NSN · σχοινίονnominative element functioning within the clauseσχοινίον: lexical item rendered here as "line"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
γεωμετρικόνfor measuringA1 NSN · γεωμετρικόνnominative element functioning within the clauseγεωμετρικόν: "for measuring"; with σχοινίον it specifies a surveyor's line used to assess Jerusalem's future dimensions.
6
καὶ εἶπα πρὸς αὐτόν ποῦ σὺ πορεύῃ καὶ εἶπεν πρός με διαμετρῆσαι τὴν Ιερουσαλημ τοῦ ἰδεῖν πηλίκον τὸ πλάτος αὐτῆς ἐστιν καὶ πηλίκον τὸ μῆκος
And I said to him, “Where are you going?” And he said to me, “To measure Jerusalem, to see how great its width is and how great its length is.”
Zechariah again asks for orientation within the scene. The reply frames Jerusalem not as a ruin merely to be repaired but as a reality to be expansively reimagined.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶπαsaidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "said"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦindeclinable or adverbial element functioning within the clauseποῦ: interrogative adverb meaning "where?"
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseσύ: lexical item rendered here as "you"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
πορεύῃgoV1 PMS2S · πορεύομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingπορεύομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "go"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "said"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
διαμετρῆσαιmeasureVA AAN · μετρέω + διαinfinitival verbal form functioning within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeμετρέω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered here as "measure"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙερουσαλημ: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωinfinitival verbal form functioning within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "see"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πηλίκονhow greatRI ASN · πηλίκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπηλίκος: lexical item rendered here as "how great"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
πλάτοςwidthN3E ASN · πλάτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπλάτος: lexical item rendered here as "width"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῆςhimRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
πηλίκονhow greatRI NSN · πηλίκοςnominative element functioning within the clauseπηλίκος: lexical item rendered here as "how great"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
μῆκοςlengthN3E NSN · μῆκοςnominative element functioning within the clauseμῆκος: lexical item rendered here as "length"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
7
καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοὶ εἱστήκει καὶ ἄγγελος ἕτερος ἐξεπορεύετο εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτῷ
And behold, the angel who spoke in me had taken his stand, and another angel was going out to meet him.
The vision becomes dynamic as a second angel enters the scene. The relay of messengers underscores that the announcement about Jerusalem comes from the divine council, not from human estimation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or deictic particle heightening attention within the clauseἰδού: deictic particle, usually rendered "behold," drawing the hearer's attention to a sudden or significant detail.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἄγγελος: lexical item rendered here as "angel"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λαλῶνspeakingV2 · παπνσμ λαλέωparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπαπνσμ λαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "speaking"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
ἐμοὶIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
εἱστήκειstoodVXI YAI3S · ἵστημιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause forward in contextἵστημι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "ιστημι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἄγγελος: lexical item rendered here as "angel"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἕτεροςanotherA1A NSM · ἕτεροςnominative element functioning within the clauseἕτερος: lexical item rendered here as "ετερος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐξεπορεύετοgo outV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause forward in contextπορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered here as "go out"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition meaning "into" or "toward," often marking movement, goal, or resulting state.
συνάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · συνάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object or goalσυνάντησις: lexical item rendered here as "συναντησις"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
8
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγων δράμε καὶ λάλησον πρὸς τὸν νεανίαν ἐκεῖνον λέγων κατακάρπως κατοικηθήσεται Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ πλήθους ἀνθρώπων καὶ κτηνῶν ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς
And he said to him, saying, “Run and speak to that young man, saying: Jerusalem shall be inhabited abundantly because of the multitude of people and cattle in her midst.”
The message interrupts ordinary measurement with something larger. Jerusalem will outgrow compact walls because life within her will become plentiful again, including both people and livestock.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered here as "said"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "saying"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
δράμεrunVB AAD2S · τρέχωimperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeτρέχω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "run"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
λάλησονspeakVF AAD2P · λαλέωimperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "λαλεω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
νεανίανyoung manN1T ASM · νεανίαςaccusative element functioning as object or goalνεανίας: lexical item rendered here as "young man"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐκεῖνονthatRD ASM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered here as "εκεινος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "saying"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κατακάρπωςabundantlyD · κατακάρπωςindeclinable or adverbial element functioning within the clauseκατακάρπως: an adverb meaning something like "fruitfully, in open abundance"; it stresses that Jerusalem will be inhabited expansively rather than cramped behind narrow defenses.
κατοικηθήσεταιdwellVC FPI3S · οἰκέω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardοἰκέω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "dwell"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙερουσαλημ: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition meaning "from," marking separation, source, or movement away.
πλήθουςmultitudeN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive dependent within the phraseπλῆθος: lexical item rendered here as "multitude"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἀνθρώπωνpeopleN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive dependent within the phraseἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered here as "people"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
κτηνῶνcattleN3E GPN · κτῆνοςgenitive dependent within the phraseκτῆνος: lexical item rendered here as "cattle"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative complement within the clauseμέσος: lexical item rendered here as "midst"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῆςhimRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
9
καὶ ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτῇ λέγει κύριος τεῖχος πυρὸς κυκλόθεν καὶ εἰς δόξαν ἔσομαι ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς
And I will be to her, says the Lord, a wall of fire all around, and I will be for glory in her midst.
The city's true defense is theological, not architectural. The Lord himself surrounds and indwells Jerusalem, combining protection and glory in a single promise.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἔσομαιisVF FMI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
αὐτῇhimRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τεῖχοςwallN3E NSN · τεῖχοςnominative element functioning within the clauseτεῖχος: lexical item rendered here as "wall"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive dependent within the phraseπῦρ: lexical item rendered here as "fire"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενindeclinable or adverbial element functioning within the clauseκυκλόθεν: adverb meaning "all around, round about," fitting the image of encircling protection.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition meaning "into" or "toward," often marking movement, goal, or resulting state.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object or goalδόξα: lexical item rendered here as "glory"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἔσομαιisVF FMI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative complement within the clauseμέσος: lexical item rendered here as "midst"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτῆςhimRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
10
ὦ ὦ φεύγετε ἀπὸ γῆς βορρᾶ λέγει κύριος διότι ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ συνάξω ὑμᾶς λέγει κύριος
Ho! Ho! Flee from the land of the north, says the Lord, because from the four winds of heaven I will gather you, says the Lord.
The tone becomes urgent and public. Those still in dispersion are called out from the northern land because the Lord is now acting to regather his scattered people.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὦhoI · ὦinterjection or deictic particle heightening attention within the clauseὦ: exclamatory particle of direct address or urgent summons; here it heightens the public call to flee.
ὦhoI · ὦinterjection or deictic particle heightening attention within the clauseὦ: exclamatory particle of direct address or urgent summons; here it heightens the public call to flee.
φεύγετεfleeV1 PAD2P · φεύγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingφεύγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "φευγω"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition meaning "from," marking separation, source, or movement away.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive dependent within the phraseγῆ: lexical item rendered here as "earth"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive dependent within the phraseβορέας: lexical item rendered here as "north"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseδιότι: causal conjunction, usually "because" or "for," introducing the reason for the preceding statement.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: preposition meaning "from, out of," marking source or emergence.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τεσσάρωνfourA3 GPM · τέσσαρεςgenitive dependent within the phraseτέσσαρες: lexical item rendered here as "four"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἀνέμωνwindsN2 GPM · ἄνεμοςgenitive dependent within the phraseἄνεμος: lexical item rendered here as "winds"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive dependent within the phraseοὐρανός: lexical item rendered here as "ουρανος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
συνάξωgatherVF FAI1S · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἄγω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered here as "gather"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseσύ: lexical item rendered here as "you"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
11
εἰς Σιων ἀνασῴζεσθε οἱ κατοικοῦντες θυγατέρα Βαβυλῶνος
To Zion save yourselves, you who dwell with the daughter of Babylon.
The address narrows to those still living in Babylonian space. The imperative treats departure itself as participation in the Lord's saving act.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition meaning "into" or "toward," often marking movement, goal, or resulting state.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΣιων: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
ἀνασῴζεσθεsave yourselvesV1 PMD2P · σώζω + ἀναimperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingσώζω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "save yourselves"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
οἱtheRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπVπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπαπVπμ οἰκέω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "dwelling"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object or goalθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered here as "daughter"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΒαβυλῶνος: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
12
διότι τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ ὀπίσω δόξης ἀπέσταλκέν με ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη τὰ σκυλεύσαντα ὑμᾶς διότι ὁ ἁπτόμενος ὑμῶν ὡς ἁπτόμενος τῆς κόρης τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ αὐτοῦ
For thus says the Lord Almighty: After glory he has sent me against the nations that plundered you, because the one who touches you is like one touching the pupil of his eye.
The speaking voice identifies the nations' offense in intimate covenantal terms. Zion is so precious to the Lord that harming her is likened to striking the most sensitive part of the eye.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseδιότι: causal conjunction, usually "because" or "for," introducing the reason for the preceding statement.
τάδεthusRD APN · ὅδεpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseὅδε: lexical item rendered here as "thus"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning within the clauseπαντοκράτωρ: "Almighty" or "Ruler of all"; a characteristically Septuagintal divine title that underscores the universal sovereignty of the Lord in judgment and restoration alike.
ὀπίσωbehindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phraseὀπίσω: lexical item rendered here as "behind"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive dependent within the phraseδόξα: lexical item rendered here as "glory"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἀπέσταλκένhas sentVX XAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ perfect verbal form presenting a completed action with continuing forceστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered here as "has sent"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered according to context as "on," "against," or "over," with a wide semantic range in narrative and oracle speech.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἔθνος: lexical item rendered here as "εθνος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
σκυλεύσανταplunderingVA · ααπαπν σκυλεύωparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseααπαπν σκυλεύω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "plundering"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseσύ: lexical item rendered here as "you"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseδιότι: causal conjunction, usually "because" or "for," introducing the reason for the preceding statement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἁπτόμενοςtouchingV1 · πμπνσμ ἅπτομαιparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπμπνσμ ἅπτομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "touching"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseσύ: lexical item rendered here as "you"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseὡς: conjunction or comparative particle meaning "as, like, that."
ἁπτόμενοςtouchingV1 · πμπνσμ ἅπτομαιparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπμπνσμ ἅπτομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "touching"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κόρηςpupilN1 GSF · κόρηgenitive dependent within the phraseκόρη: literally "girl" or, in fixed expression, the "pupil" of the eye; here the idiom evokes the most delicate and protected part of sight.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ὀφθαλμοῦeyeN2 GSM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive dependent within the phraseὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered here as "eye"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
13
διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπιφέρω τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπ' αὐτούς καὶ ἔσονται σκῦλα τοῖς δουλεύουσιν αὐτοῖς καὶ γνώσεσθε διότι κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἀπέσταλκέν με
For behold, I bring my hand upon them, and they shall be spoil to those who serve them; and you shall know that the Lord Almighty has sent me.
The nations' fortunes are reversed by direct divine action. Their former mastery collapses, and the outcome authenticates the messenger as truly sent by the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseδιότι: causal conjunction, usually "because" or "for," introducing the reason for the preceding statement.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or deictic particle heightening attention within the clauseἰδού: deictic particle, usually rendered "behold," drawing the hearer's attention to a sudden or significant detail.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπιφέρωbring uponV1 PAI1S · φέρω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingφέρω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "φερω + επι"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goalχείρ: lexical item rendered here as "hand"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered according to context as "on," "against," or "over," with a wide semantic range in narrative and oracle speech.
αὐτούςhimRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἔσονταιisVF FMI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
σκῦλαspoilN2N NPN · σκῦλονnominative element functioning within the clauseσκῦλον: lexical item rendered here as "spoil"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
δουλεύουσινservingV1 · παπδπμ δουλεύωparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπαπδπμ δουλεύω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "serving"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
αὐτοῖςhimRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
γνώσεσθεknowVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "know"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseδιότι: causal conjunction, usually "because" or "for," introducing the reason for the preceding statement.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning within the clauseπαντοκράτωρ: "Almighty" or "Ruler of all"; a characteristically Septuagintal divine title that underscores the universal sovereignty of the Lord in judgment and restoration alike.
ἀπέσταλκένhas sentVX XAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ perfect verbal form presenting a completed action with continuing forceστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered here as "has sent"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
14
τέρπου καὶ εὐφραίνου θύγατερ Σιων διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἔρχομαι καὶ κατασκηνώσω ἐν μέσῳ σου λέγει κύριος
Rejoice and be glad, daughter Zion, because behold, I am coming and I will dwell in your midst, says the Lord.
The command to rejoice marks the transition from rescue to presence. Zion's gladness is grounded in the Lord's arrival and his decision to dwell within her.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τέρπουrejoiceV1 PMD2S · τέρπωimperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingτέρπω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "rejoice"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
εὐφραίνουbe gladV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωimperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεὐφραίνω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "be glad"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
θύγατερdaughterN3 VSF · θυγάτηρvocative element used in direct addressθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered here as "daughter"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΣιων: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseδιότι: causal conjunction, usually "because" or "for," introducing the reason for the preceding statement.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or deictic particle heightening attention within the clauseἰδού: deictic particle, usually rendered "behold," drawing the hearer's attention to a sudden or significant detail.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἔρχομαιcomeV1 PMI1S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingἔρχομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "come"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
κατασκηνώσωdwellVF FAI1S · σκηνόω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardσκηνόω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "dwell"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative complement within the clauseμέσος: lexical item rendered here as "midst"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseσύ: lexical item rendered here as "you"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered here as "say"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
15
καὶ καταφεύξονται ἔθνη πολλὰ ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ καὶ ἔσονται αὐτῷ εἰς λαὸν καὶ κατασκηνώσουσιν ἐν μέσῳ σου καὶ ἐπιγνώσῃ ὅτι κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἐξαπέσταλκέν με πρὸς σέ
And many nations shall take refuge with the Lord in that day and shall be to him for a people, and they shall dwell in your midst; and you shall know that the Lord Almighty has sent me to you.
The restored Zion is not inward-looking only. Many nations will attach themselves to the Lord and share the sphere of his presence, expanding the horizon of restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
καταφεύξονταιtake refugeVF FMI3P · φεύγω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardφεύγω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "take refuge"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered here as "εθνος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
πολλὰmanyA1 NPN · πολύςnominative element functioning within the clauseπολύς: lexical item rendered here as "πολυς"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered according to context as "on," "against," or "over," with a wide semantic range in narrative and oracle speech.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered here as "ημερα"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered here as "εκεινος"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἔσονταιisVF FMI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered here as "is"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition meaning "into" or "toward," often marking movement, goal, or resulting state.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalλαός: lexical item rendered here as "people"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
κατασκηνώσουσινdwellVF FAI3P · σκανόω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardσκανόω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "dwell"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition commonly rendered "in" or "within"; it marks location, sphere, or instrument depending on context.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative complement within the clauseμέσος: lexical item rendered here as "midst"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseσύ: lexical item rendered here as "you"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
ἐπιγνώσῃknowVF FMI2S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "know"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseὅτι: conjunction introducing content or reason, commonly translated "that" or "because."
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning within the clauseπαντοκράτωρ: "Almighty" or "Ruler of all"; a characteristically Septuagintal divine title that underscores the universal sovereignty of the Lord in judgment and restoration alike.
ἐξαπέσταλκένhas sent outVX XAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ perfect verbal form presenting a completed action with continuing forceστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered here as "has sent out"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseἐγώ: lexical item rendered here as "I"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition commonly rendered "to" or "toward"; here it marks direction, address, or relational orientation.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseσύ: lexical item rendered here as "you"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
16
καὶ κατακληρονομήσει κύριος τὸν Ιουδαν τὴν μερίδα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν τὴν ἁγίαν καὶ αἱρετιεῖ ἔτι τὴν Ιερουσαλημ
And the Lord will inherit Judah as his portion upon the holy land, and he will yet choose Jerusalem.
The covenant formula returns in land language. Judah is reclaimed as the Lord's own portion, and Jerusalem is once more named as the city of choice.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
κατακληρονομήσειinheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκληρονομέω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered here as "inherit"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning within the clauseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙουδαν: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
μερίδαportionN3D ASF · μερίςaccusative element functioning as object or goalμερίς: lexical item rendered here as "portion"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered according to context as "on," "against," or "over," with a wide semantic range in narrative and oracle speech.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or goalγῆ: lexical item rendered here as "earth"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἁγίανholyA1A ASF · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἅγιος: lexical item rendered here as "holy"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseκαί: coordinating conjunction, usually rendered "and," linking words, clauses, or larger discourse units.
αἱρετιεῖchooseVF2 FAI3S · αἱρετίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause forward in contextαἱρετίζω: "choose, choose again"; in this restoration context it restates the Lord's renewed election of Jerusalem.
ἔτιyetD · ἔτιindeclinable or adverbial element functioning within the clauseἔτι: adverb meaning "still, yet," especially important in restoration contexts where it signals continuing divine action.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered here as "the"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name functioning within the clause or phraseΙερουσαλημ: proper name preserved in Greek form; its significance here comes from its place in Zechariah's historical or visionary setting.
17
εὐλαβείσθω πᾶσα σὰρξ ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου διότι ἐξεγήγερται ἐκ νεφελῶν ἁγίων αὐτοῦ
Let all flesh stand in awe before the Lord, because he has been roused from his holy clouds.
The chapter closes not with debate but with reverence. The image of the Lord rising from his holy dwelling calls every mortal creature to silence and awe before the active divine presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐλαβείσθωstand in aweV2 PMD3S · εὐλαβέομαιimperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεὐλαβέομαι: verbal lexeme rendered here as "stand in awe"; in this context it carries the action, process, or speech-act that moves Zechariah's vision or oracle forward.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: lexical item rendered here as "all"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
σὰρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξnominative element functioning within the clauseσάρξ: lexical item rendered here as "flesh"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition meaning "from," marking separation, source, or movement away.
προσώπουpresenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive dependent within the phraseπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered here as "presence"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phraseκύριος: lexical item rendered here as "Lord"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective linking this clause or phrase to the surrounding discourseδιότι: causal conjunction, usually "because" or "for," introducing the reason for the preceding statement.
ἐξεγήγερταιhas been rousedVX XMI3S · ἐγείρω + εκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ perfect verbal form presenting a completed action with continuing forceἐξεγήγερται (< ἐγείρω with prefix): "has been roused"; the clause pictures the Lord as rising to act from his holy dwelling.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: preposition meaning "from, out of," marking source or emergence.
νεφελῶνcloudsN1 GPF · νεφέληgenitive dependent within the phraseνεφέλη: lexical item rendered here as "clouds"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
ἁγίωνholyA1A GPF · ἅγιοςgenitive dependent within the phraseἅγιος: lexical item rendered here as "holy"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered here as "him"; in this context it contributes its ordinary nominal or adjectival sense within Zechariah's prophetic discourse.