1
λόγος κυρίου ὃς ἐγενήθη πρὸς Σοφονιαν τὸν τοῦ Χουσι υἱὸν Γοδολιου τοῦ Αμαριου τοῦ Εζεκιου ἐν ἡμέραις Ιωσιου υἱοῦ Αμων βασιλέως Ιουδα
The word of the Lord that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah.
The chapter opens with a formal prophetic heading. The extended genealogy gives Zephaniah unusual pedigree, and the temporal notice situates the oracle inside Judah's royal history under Josiah.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentλόγος: rendered 'word' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ὃςwhichRR NSM · ὅςrelative pronoun linking a subordinate clause to its antecedent→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὅς: relative pronoun rendered 'which', introducing a clause that further identifies its antecedent.
ἐγενήθηcame to beVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'came to be'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπρός: preposition rendered 'to'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ΣοφονιανZephaniahN1T ASM · Σοφονιαςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΣοφονιας (acc. Σοφονιαν): transliterated proper name, "Zephaniah"; the prophet is introduced through an unusually full genealogy, which lends the superscription both historical and social weight.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ΧουσιCushiN GSM · Χουσιnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΧουσι: transliterated proper name, "Cushi"; the name is retained rather than translated and functions within Zephaniah's patronymic chain.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentυἱός: rendered 'son' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ΓοδολιουGedaliahN1T GSM · Γοδολιαςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΓοδολιας: "Gedaliah"; a Judahite personal name preserved in the prophet's genealogy.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ΑμαριουAmariahN1T GSM · Αμαριαςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΑμαριας: "Amariah"; a priestly or Judahite ancestral name retained in transliteration within the genealogy.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ΕζεκιουHezekiahN1T GSM · Εζεκιαςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΕζεκιας: "Hezekiah"; the genealogy reaches back to a distinguished Judahite ancestor, strengthening the superscription's social weight.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'days' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ΙωσιουJosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσιαςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΙωσιας: "Josiah"; the reforming king of Judah, whose reign gives the prophecy its historical setting.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentυἱός: rendered 'son' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ΑμωνAmonN GSM · Αμωνnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΑμων: "Amon"; father of Josiah and predecessor in Judah's royal line.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentβασιλεύς: "king"; here the term belongs to the historical setting of Judah's monarchy and underlines the royal frame of Zephaniah's preaching.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΙουδα: rendered 'of Judah' here; a nominal form used in its local inflection within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
2
ἐκλείψει ἐκλιπέτω πάντα ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς γῆς λέγει κύριος
Utter extinction: let everything fail from the face of the earth, says the Lord.
The line is intentionally emphatic: a nominal cry of extinction is followed by an imperative of disappearance. The effect is to sound judgment as a comprehensive undoing before any specific target is named.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐκλείψειextinctionN3I DSF · ἔκλειψιςdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἔκλειψις: rendered 'extinction' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἐκλιπέτωlet failVB AAD3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ aorist imperative of summary commandλείπω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'let fail'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
πάνταeverythingA3 ASM · πᾶςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'everything'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀπό: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπρόσωπον: rendered 'face / presence' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
γῆςearth / landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentγῆ: rendered 'earth / land' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form presenting the action in progress or as characteristicλέγω: verbal form rendered 'says'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'Lord' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
3
ἐκλιπέτω ἄνθρωπος καὶ κτήνη ἐκλιπέτω τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ οἱ ἰχθύες τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ ἐξαρῶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς γῆς λέγει κύριος
Let human being and beast fail; let the birds of the sky and the fish of the sea fail; and I will remove human beings from the face of the earth, says the Lord.
The verse echoes creation-order language by ranging over land-creatures, birds, and fish. This meristic sweep presents the day of the Lord as more than local punishment; it is a near-uncreation scene.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐκλιπέτωlet failVB AAD3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ aorist imperative of summary commandλείπω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'let fail'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἄνθρωποςhuman beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἄνθρωπος: rendered 'human being' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
κτήνηbeastsN3E NPN · κτῆνοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκτῆνος: rendered 'beasts' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἐκλιπέτωlet failVB AAD3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ aorist imperative of summary commandλείπω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'let fail'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
πετεινὰbirdsN2N NPN · πετεινόνnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπετεινόν: rendered 'birds' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
οὐρανοῦof heavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐρανός: rendered 'of heaven' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἰχθύεςfishN3U NPM · ἰχθύςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἰχθύς: rendered 'fish' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
θαλάσσηςof the seaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentθάλασσα: rendered 'of the sea' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultαἴρω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will remove'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἀνθρώπουςhuman beingsN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἄνθρωπος: rendered 'human beings' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀπό: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπρόσωπον: rendered 'face / presence' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
γῆςearth / landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentγῆ: rendered 'earth / land' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form presenting the action in progress or as characteristicλέγω: verbal form rendered 'says'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'Lord' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
4
καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπὶ Ιουδαν καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐξαρῶ ἐκ τοῦ τόπου τούτου τὰ ὀνόματα τῆς Βααλ καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἱερέων
And I will stretch out my hand against Judah and against all who inhabit Jerusalem, and I will remove from this place the names of Baal and the names of the priests.
After the cosmic opening the oracle turns sharply toward covenant land. The stretched-out hand formula signals active intervention, and the target is both rival cult and the personnel who sustain it.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐκτενῶI will stretch outVF2 FAI1S · τείνω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultτείνω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will stretch out'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentχείρ: rendered 'hand' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or relation within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐγώ: pronominal form rendered 'my' here, linking participants and possession within the clause.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἸούδας: rendered 'Judah' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'all'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κατοικοῦνταςwho inhabitV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: participial verbal form rendered 'who inhabit', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἸερουσαλήμ: rendered 'Jerusalem' here; a nominal form used in its local inflection within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultαἴρω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will remove'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐκ: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
τόπουplaceN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentτόπος: rendered 'place' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τούτουthisRD GSM · οὗτοςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὗτος: demonstrative form rendered 'this', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ὀνόματαnamesN3M APN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὄνομα: rendered 'names' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ΒααλBaalN GSF · Βααλnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΒααλ: "Baal"; the title/name of the rival storm-god whose cult the Lord promises to erase from Judah.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ὀνόματαnamesN3M APN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὄνομα: rendered 'names' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἱερέωνpriestsN3V GPM · ἱερεύςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἱερεύς: rendered 'priests' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
5
καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας ἐπὶ τὰ δώματα τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τοὺς ὀμνύοντας κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τοὺς ὀμνύοντας κατὰ τοῦ βασιλέως αὐτῶν
And those who worship on the housetops the host of heaven, and those who swear by the Lord, and those who swear by their king.
The verse strings together participles to catalog compromised worship. Rooftop astral devotion stands beside oaths made both by the Lord and by another sovereign figure, exposing divided allegiance rather than open neutrality.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
προσκυνοῦνταςworshipingV2 · παπαπμ κυνέω + προςparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ κυνέω + προς: participial verbal form rendered 'worshiping', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
δώματαhousetopsN3M APN · δῶμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδῶμα: rendered 'housetops' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
στρατιᾷhostN1A DSF · στρατιάdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentστρατιά: "host"; in the phrase "host of heaven" it refers to the heavenly bodies venerated in astral worship.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
οὐρανοῦof heavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐρανός: rendered 'of heaven' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ὀμνύονταςswearingV5 · παπαπμ ὄμνυμιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ ὄμνυμι: participial verbal form rendered 'swearing', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
κατὰby / againstP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκατά: preposition rendered 'by / against'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ὀμνύονταςswearingV5 · παπαπμ ὄμνυμιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ ὄμνυμι: participial verbal form rendered 'swearing', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
κατὰby / againstP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκατά: preposition rendered 'by / against'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentβασιλεύς: "king"; here the term belongs to the historical setting of Judah's monarchy and underlines the royal frame of Zephaniah's preaching.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
6
καὶ τοὺς ἐκκλίνοντας ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τοὺς μὴ ζητήσαντας τὸν κύριον καὶ τοὺς μὴ ἀντεχομένους τοῦ κυρίου
And those who turn aside from the Lord, and those who have not sought the Lord, and those who have not held fast to the Lord.
A second participial triad describes apostasy negatively: turning back, refusing to seek, and refusing to cling. The cumulative picture is not accidental weakness but settled covenant abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἐκκλίνονταςturning asideV1 · παπαπμ κλίνω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ κλίνω + ἐκ: participial verbal form rendered 'turning aside', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀπό: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμή: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
ζητήσανταςhaving soughtVA · ααπαπμ ζητέωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentααπαπμ ζητέω: participial verbal form rendered 'having sought', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'Lord' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμή: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
ἀντεχομένουςholding fastV1 · πμπαπμ ἔχω + ἀντιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπμπαπμ ἔχω + ἀντι: participial verbal form rendered 'holding fast', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
7
εὐλαβεῖσθε ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ διότι ἐγγὺς ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου ὅτι ἡτοίμακεν κύριος τὴν θυσίαν αὐτοῦ ἡγίακεν τοὺς κλητοὺς αὐτοῦ
Stand in awe before the Lord God, because the day of the Lord is near; because the Lord has prepared his sacrifice, he has consecrated his invited guests.
The hearers are summoned into fearful stillness before divine liturgy. The sacrificial metaphor turns the coming judgment into a prepared rite in which the Lord both offers and consecrates the agents of slaughter.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
εὐλαβεῖσθεstand in aweV2 PMD2P · εὐλαβέομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentεὐλαβέομαι: verbal form rendered 'stand in awe'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀπό: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπρόσωπον: rendered 'face / presence' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentθεός: rendered 'God' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδιότι: connective particle rendered 'because', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐγγύς: particle or adverb rendered 'near', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ὅτιὅτιC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὅτι: connective particle rendered 'ὅτι', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
ἡτοίμακενhas preparedVX XAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἑτοιμάζω: verbal form rendered 'has prepared'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'Lord' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentθυσία: rendered 'sacrifice' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτοῦαὐτοῦRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'αὐτοῦ', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
ἡγίακενhas consecratedVX XAI3S · ἁγιάζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἁγιάζω: verbal form rendered 'has consecrated'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κλητοὺςinvited onesA1 APM · κλητόςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκλητός: adjectival form rendered 'invited ones'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
αὐτοῦαὐτοῦRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'αὐτοῦ', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
8
καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἡμέρᾳ θυσίας κυρίου καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐνδεδυμένους ἐνδύματα ἀλλότρια
And it shall be in the day of the Lord's sacrifice that I will punish the rulers and the house of the king and all who are clothed in foreign garments.
The sacrificial day falls first on leadership. Political rank, royal association, and the visible adoption of foreign status-markers all become signs of a community already reshaped by alien loyalties.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'it shall be'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
θυσίαςof sacrificeN1A GSF · θυσίαgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentθυσία: rendered 'of sacrifice' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultδικέω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will punish'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἄρχονταςrulersN3 APM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἄρχων: rendered 'rulers' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοἶκος: rendered 'house' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentβασιλεύς: "king"; here the term belongs to the historical setting of Judah's monarchy and underlines the royal frame of Zephaniah's preaching.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'all'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἐνδεδυμένουςclothedVM · χμπαπμ δύω + ἐνparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentχμπαπμ δύω + ἐν: participial verbal form rendered 'clothed', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
ἐνδύματαgarmentsN3M APN · ἔνδυμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἔνδυμα: rendered 'garments' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἀλλότριαforeignA1A APN · ἀλλότριοςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀλλότριος: adjectival form rendered 'foreign'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
9
καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπὶ πάντας ἐμφανῶς ἐπὶ τὰ πρόπυλα ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοὺς πληροῦντας τὸν οἶκον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν ἀσεβείας καὶ δόλου
And I will punish in that day all who are openly upon the porches, those who fill the house of their Lord God with impiety and deceit.
The Greek wording here diverges from the Masoretic threshold language, but the accusation is clear enough: public religious space has been filled with irreverence and fraud. Judgment reaches those whose cultic behavior masks violence and treachery.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultδικέω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will punish'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'all'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
ἐμφανῶςopenlyD · ἐμφανῶςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐμφανῶς: particle or adverb rendered 'openly', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
πρόπυλαporchesN2N APN · πρόπυλονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπρόπυλον: "porch, forecourt, vestibule"; the Greek wording here differs from the familiar Masoretic "threshold" reading and keeps the focus on cultic or aristocratic entry-spaces.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐκεῖνος: demonstrative form rendered 'that', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
πληροῦνταςfillingV4 · παπαπμ πληρόωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ πληρόω: participial verbal form rendered 'filling', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοἶκος: rendered 'house' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentθεός: rendered 'God' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
ἀσεβείαςimpietyN1A GSF · ἀσέβειαgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀσέβεια: rendered 'impiety' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
δόλουdeceitN2 GSM · δόλοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδόλος: rendered 'deceit' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
10
καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ λέγει κύριος φωνὴ κραυγῆς ἀπὸ πύλης ἀποκεντούντων καὶ ὀλολυγμὸς ἀπὸ τῆς δευτέρας καὶ συντριμμὸς μέγας ἀπὸ τῶν βουνῶν
And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, a sound of outcry from the Gate of the Stabbers, and a wailing from the Second Quarter, and a great crash from the hills.
The judgment now spreads acoustically through Jerusalem. Whether the first expression preserves a toponym or a vivid reinterpretation, the point is a city ringed by cries, wailing, and ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'it shall be'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐκεῖνος: demonstrative form rendered 'that', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form presenting the action in progress or as characteristicλέγω: verbal form rendered 'says'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'Lord' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
φωνὴsound / voiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentφωνή: rendered 'sound / voice' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκραυγή: rendered 'outcry' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀπό: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
πύληςgateN1 GSF · πύληgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπύλη: rendered 'gate' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἀποκεντούντωνof the stabbersV2 · παπγπμ κεντέω + ἀποparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκεντέω + ἀπο: literally "those who stab / pierce away"; the phrase in 1:10 likely preserves an opaque place-name or interpretive rendering, so the note follows the Greek wording while acknowledging its difficulty.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ὀλολυγμὸςwailingN2 NSM · ὀλολυγμόςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὀλολυγμός: rendered 'wailing' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀπό: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
δευτέραςsecondA1A GSF · δεύτεροςadjectival modifier in the genitive phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδεύτερος: adjectival form rendered 'second'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
συντριμμὸςcrashN2 NSM · συντριμμόςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσυντριμμός: rendered 'crash' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμέγας: adjectival form rendered 'great'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀπό: preposition rendered 'from'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
βουνῶνhillsN2 GPM · βουνόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentβουνός: rendered 'hills' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
11
θρηνήσατε οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν κατακεκομμένην ὅτι ὡμοιώθη πᾶς ὁ λαὸς Χανααν ἐξωλεθρεύθησαν πάντες οἱ ἐπηρμένοι ἀργυρίῳ
Lament, you inhabitants of the district that has been cut down, because all the people of Canaan have been made like it; all those laden with silver have been destroyed.
The address turns toward an urban quarter associated with commerce and wealth. 'Canaan' carries the old ethnic name, but in prophetic usage it also shades toward the merchant class whose silver cannot protect them.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
θρηνήσατεlamentVA AAD2P · θρηνέωverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ aorist imperative of summary commandθρηνέω: verbal form rendered 'lament'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
οἱtheRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κατοικοῦντεςyou who inhabitV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: participial verbal form rendered 'you who inhabit', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κατακεκομμένηνthat has been cut downVP · χμπασφ κόπτω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκατακόπτω: "cut down, battered, shattered"; used substantivally of a district brought low, perhaps a market quarter devastated under judgment.
ὅτιὅτιC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὅτι: connective particle rendered 'ὅτι', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
ὡμοιώθηhas been made likeVCI API3S · ὁμοιόωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁμοιόω: verbal form rendered 'has been made like'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'all'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentλαός: rendered 'people' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ΧαναανCanaanN GSM · Χαναανnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΧανααν: "Canaan"; the old ethnic name often shades into the idea of a merchant class in prophetic diction, which suits the economic setting of 1:11.
ἐξωλεθρεύθησανwere destroyedVCI API3P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'were destroyed'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'all'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἐπηρμένοιladenVM · χαπνπμ αἵρω + ἐπιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentχαπνπμ αἵρω + ἐπι: participial verbal form rendered 'laden', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
ἀργυρίῳwith silverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀργύριον: rendered 'with silver' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
12
καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐξερευνήσω τὴν Ιερουσαλημ μετὰ λύχνου καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας τοὺς καταφρονοῦντας ἐπὶ τὰ φυλάγματα αὐτῶν οἱ λέγοντες ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ ἀγαθοποιήσῃ κύριος οὐδ' οὐ μὴ κακώσῃ
And it shall be in that day that I will search Jerusalem with a lamp, and I will punish the men who disdain their watch-posts, who say in their hearts, 'The Lord will surely not do good, nor will he do harm.'
The lamp image depicts painstaking divine inspection: no corner of the city remains dark to the judge. The sin named is practical atheism, a settled conviction that the Lord neither intervenes for blessing nor acts in judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'it shall be'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐκεῖνος: demonstrative form rendered 'that', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἐξερευνήσωI will search outVF FAI1S · ἐρευνάω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultἐρευνάω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will search out'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἸερουσαλήμ: rendered 'Jerusalem' here; a nominal form used in its local inflection within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμετά: preposition rendered 'with'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
λύχνουa lampN2 GSM · λύχνοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentλύχνος: rendered 'a lamp' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultδικέω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will punish'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἄνδραςmenN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀνήρ: rendered 'men' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
καταφρονοῦνταςdespisingV2 · παπαπμ φρονέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ φρονέω + κατα: participial verbal form rendered 'despising', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
φυλάγματαwatch-postsN3M APN · φύλαγμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentφύλαγμα: "watch-post, guard, safeguard"; the Greek differs from the Masoretic idiom of sediment-like complacency, but it still targets settled self-security.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπνπμ λέγω: participial verbal form rendered 'saying', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
καρδίαιςheartsN1A DPF · καρδίαdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαρδία: rendered 'hearts' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐ: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμή: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
ἀγαθοποιήσῃwill do goodVA AAS3S · ἀγαθοποιέωverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ aorist imperative of summary commandἀγαθοποιέω: verbal form rendered 'will do good'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'Lord' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
οὐδ'norC · οὐδέcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐδέ: connective particle rendered 'nor', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐ: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμή: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
κακώσῃwill do harmVA AAS3S · κακόωverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ aorist imperative of summary commandκακόω: verbal form rendered 'will do harm'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
13
καὶ ἔσται ἡ δύναμις αὐτῶν εἰς διαρπαγὴν καὶ οἱ οἶκοι αὐτῶν εἰς ἀφανισμόν καὶ οἰκοδομήσουσιν οἰκίας καὶ οὐ μὴ κατοικήσουσιν ἐν αὐταῖς καὶ καταφυτεύσουσιν ἀμπελῶνας καὶ οὐ μὴ πίωσιν τὸν οἶνον αὐτῶν
And their strength shall be for plunder, and their houses for annihilation; they will build houses and shall certainly not inhabit them, and they will plant vineyards and shall certainly not drink their wine.
The sentence borrows the logic of covenant curse traditions: labor will not yield secure enjoyment. Houses and vineyards become witnesses that privilege cannot withstand the day of visitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'it shall be'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
δύναμιςstrength / wealthN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδύναμις: rendered 'strength / wealth' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / for'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
διαρπαγὴνplunderN1 ASF · διαρπαγήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδιαρπαγή: rendered 'plunder' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
οἶκοιhousesN2 NPM · οἶκοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοἶκος: rendered 'houses' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentεἰς: preposition rendered 'into / for'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ἀφανισμόνannihilationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀφανισμός: rendered 'annihilation' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
οἰκοδομήσουσινthey will buildVF FAI3P · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultοἰκοδομέω: verbal form rendered 'they will build'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
οἰκίαςhousesN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοἰκία: rendered 'houses' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐ: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμή: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
κατοικήσουσινthey will inhabitVF FAI3P · οἰκέω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultοἰκέω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'they will inhabit'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
αὐταῖςthemRD DPF · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'them', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
καταφυτεύσουσινthey will plantVF FAI3P · φυτεύω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultφυτεύω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'they will plant'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἀμπελῶναςvineyardsN3W APM · ἀμπελώνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀμπελών: rendered 'vineyards' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐ: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμή: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
πίωσινthey will drinkVB AAS3P · πίνωverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ aorist imperative of summary commandπίνω: verbal form rendered 'they will drink'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοἶνος: rendered 'wine' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPF · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
14
ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἡ ἡμέρα κυρίου ἡ μεγάλη ἐγγὺς καὶ ταχεῖα σφόδρα φωνὴ ἡμέρας κυρίου πικρὰ καὶ σκληρά τέτακται δυνατή
For near is the great day of the Lord, near and very swift; the sound of the day of the Lord has been appointed bitter and harsh, mighty.
The verse beats the word 'near' into the hearer with urgent compression. What approaches is not abstract chronology but an audible day already fixed as bitter, harsh, and overpowering.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιὅτιC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὅτι: connective particle rendered 'ὅτι', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐγγύς: particle or adverb rendered 'near', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμέγας: adjectival form rendered 'great'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐγγύς: particle or adverb rendered 'near', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ταχεῖαswiftA3U NSF · ταχύςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentταχύς: adjectival form rendered 'swift'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσφόδρα: particle or adverb rendered 'very', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
φωνὴsound / voiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentφωνή: rendered 'sound / voice' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
πικρὰbitterA1A NSF · πικρόςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπικρός: adjectival form rendered 'bitter'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
σκληράharshA1A NSF · σκληρόςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσκληρός: adjectival form rendered 'harsh'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
τέτακταιhas been appointedVK XMI3S · τάσσωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ perfect-state form emphasizing the resulting conditionτάσσω: verbal form rendered 'has been appointed'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
δυνατήmightyA1 NSF · δυνατόςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδυνατός: adjectival form rendered 'mighty'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
15
ἡμέρα ὀργῆς ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη ἡμέρα θλίψεως καὶ ἀνάγκης ἡμέρα ἀωρίας καὶ ἀφανισμοῦ ἡμέρα σκότους καὶ γνόφου ἡμέρα νεφέλης καὶ ὁμίχλης
That day is a day of wrath, that day a day of affliction and distress, a day of desolation and annihilation, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of cloud and thick mist.
A chain of appositional phrases piles term upon term without relief. The rhetoric does not analyze the day; it surrounds the hearer with its atmosphere of pressure, darkness, and ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ὀργῆςof wrathN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὀργή: rendered 'of wrath' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐκεῖνος: demonstrative form rendered 'that', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
θλίψεωςof afflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentθλῖψις: rendered 'of affliction' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἀνάγκηςof distressN1 GSF · ἀνάγκηgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀνάγκη: rendered 'of distress' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἀωρίαςof desolationN1A GSF · ἀωρίαgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀωρία: rendered 'of desolation' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἀφανισμοῦannihilationN2 GSM · ἀφανισμόςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀφανισμός: rendered 'annihilation' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
σκότουςof darknessN3E GSN · σκότοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσκότος: rendered 'of darkness' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
γνόφουof gloomN2 GSM · γνόφοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentγνόφος: rendered 'of gloom' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
νεφέληςof cloudN1 GSF · νεφέληgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentνεφέλη: rendered 'of cloud' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ὁμίχληςof thick mistN1 GSF · ὁμίχληgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁμίχλη: rendered 'of thick mist' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
16
ἡμέρα σάλπιγγος καὶ κραυγῆς ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις τὰς ὀχυρὰς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς γωνίας τὰς ὑψηλάς
A day of trumpet and battle cry against the fortified cities and against the high corners.
The language turns martial. Trumpet and war-cry meet fortifications and elevated defenses, so the day of the Lord is heard as an assault against everything the city treats as secure.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
σάλπιγγοςof trumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσάλπιγξ: rendered 'of trumpet' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκραυγή: rendered 'outcry' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπόλις: rendered 'cities' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ὀχυρὰςfortifiedA1A APF · ὀχυρόςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὀχυρός: adjectival form rendered 'fortified'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
γωνίαςcornersN1A APF · γωνίαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentγωνία: rendered 'corners' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ὑψηλάςhighA1 APF · ὑψηλόςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὑψηλός: adjectival form rendered 'high'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
17
καὶ ἐκθλίψω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ πορεύσονται ὡς τυφλοί ὅτι τῷ κυρίῳ ἐξήμαρτον καὶ ἐκχεεῖ τὸ αἷμα αὐτῶν ὡς χοῦν καὶ τὰς σάρκας αὐτῶν ὡς βόλβιτα
And I will press human beings, and they shall walk like blind men, because they sinned against the Lord; and their blood shall be poured out like dust and their flesh like filth.
Judgment is now experienced bodily and morally: disoriented people grope like the blind, while blood and flesh are reduced to contemptible matter. The imagery strips human rebellion of all dignity.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐκθλίψωI will pressVF FAI1S · θλίβω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultθλίβω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'I will press'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἀνθρώπουςhuman beingsN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἄνθρωπος: rendered 'human beings' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
πορεύσονταιthey will walkVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultπορεύομαι: verbal form rendered 'they will walk'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὡς: connective particle rendered 'like', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
τυφλοίblind menA1 NPM · τυφλόςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentτυφλός: adjectival form rendered 'blind men'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
ὅτιὅτιC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὅτι: connective particle rendered 'ὅτι', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'Lord' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ἐξήμαρτονthey sinned againstVBI AAI3P · ἁμαρτάνω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἁμαρτάνω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'they sinned against'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐκχεεῖwill be poured outVF2 FAI3S · χέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultχέω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'will be poured out'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαἷμα: rendered 'blood' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὡς: connective particle rendered 'like', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
χοῦνdustN3 ASM · χοῦςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentχοῦς: rendered 'dust' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσάρξ: rendered 'flesh' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὡς: connective particle rendered 'like', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
βόλβιταfilthN2N APN · βόλβιτονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentβόλβιτον: "dung, filth, refuse"; the comparison reduces rebellious flesh to something contemptible and disposable.
18
καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ χρυσίον αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξελέσθαι αὐτοὺς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς κυρίου καὶ ἐν πυρὶ ζήλους αὐτοῦ καταναλωθήσεται πᾶσα ἡ γῆ διότι συντέλειαν καὶ σπουδὴν ποιήσει ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν
And their silver and their gold shall by no means be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord's wrath; and by the fire of his zeal the whole land shall be consumed, because he will make a complete and swift end upon all who inhabit the land.
The chapter closes by denying the saving power of wealth. Zeal, fire, and a complete end gather the whole argument into one last assertion that no human reserve can ransom a land under divine wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀργύριον: rendered 'silver' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentχρυσίον: rendered 'gold' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'their', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentοὐ: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentμή: particle or adverb rendered 'not', sharpening negation, intensity, or discourse movement in the oracle.
δύνηταιbe ableV6 PMS3S · δύναμαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδύναμαι: verbal form rendered 'be able'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐξελέσθαιto deliverVB AMN · αἱρέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαἱρέω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'to deliver'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
αὐτοὺςαὐτοὺςRD APM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'αὐτοὺς', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἡμέρα: rendered 'day' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ὀργῆςof wrathN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὀργή: rendered 'of wrath' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκύριος: rendered 'of the Lord' here; a nominal form used in the genitive within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐν: preposition rendered 'in'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative complement within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπῦρ: rendered 'fire' here; a nominal form used in the dative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ζήλουςof zealN2 APM · ζῆλοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentζῆλος: covenantal zeal or jealous ardor; in prophetic judgment language it is the consuming energy of the Lord's holiness against rivals.
αὐτοῦαὐτοῦRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentαὐτός: demonstrative form rendered 'αὐτοῦ', pointing out a near or already-mentioned referent.
καταναλωθήσεταιshall be consumedVC FPI3S · ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future / prospective force looking ahead from the speech momentἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'shall be consumed'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςadjectival modifier within the phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'all'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
γῆearth / landN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentγῆ: rendered 'earth / land' here; a nominal form used in the nominative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentδιότι: connective particle rendered 'because', linking clauses or items in the discourse.
συντέλειανcomplete endN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσυντέλεια: rendered 'complete end' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentκαί: coordinating conjunction joining clauses, phrases, and list-items in the additive flow of prophetic discourse.
σπουδὴνswiftnessN1 ASF · σπουδήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentσπουδή: rendered 'swiftness' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.
ποιήσειhe will makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultποιέω: verbal form rendered 'he will make'; in this context it carries the action or declaration that drives Zephaniah's oracle forward.
ἐπὶagainst / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἐπί: preposition rendered 'against / upon'; it governs its complement and marks relation such as direction, source, location, or reference.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival modifier in the accusative phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπᾶς: adjectival form rendered 'all'; it qualifies its head term within the phrase and sharpens the prophetic description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
κατοικοῦνταςwho inhabitV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying description or attendant circumstance→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: participial verbal form rendered 'who inhabit', presenting attendant action or characterizing the people placed under judgment.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentὁ: Greek definite article; marks the following noun phrase as definite and helps signal its case, number, and gender.
γῆνearth / landN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentγῆ: rendered 'earth / land' here; a nominal form used in the accusative within Zephaniah's judgment oracle.