1
συνάχθητε καὶ συνδέθητε τὸ ἔθνος τὸ ἀπαίδευτον
Gather yourselves and bind yourselves together, O undisciplined nation,
The chapter begins with a public imperative. The prophet addresses Judah as an untrained nation and urges corporate gathering before judgment overtakes them.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
συνάχθητεgather yourselvesVQ APD2P · ἄγω + συνverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἄγω + συν: 'gather yourselves'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
συνδέθητεbind yourselves togetherVC APD2P · δέω + συνverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδέω + συν: 'bind yourselves together'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὸtheRA VSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἔθνοςnationN3E VSN · ἔθνοςvocative address identifying the addressee within the oracle→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔθνος: 'nation'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τὸtheRA VSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἀπαίδευτονundisciplinedA1B VSN · ἀπαίδευτοςvocative address identifying the addressee within the oracle→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀπαίδευτος: 'undisciplined'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
2
πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι ὑμᾶς ὡς ἄνθος παραπορευόμενον πρὸ τοῦ ἐπελθεῖν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ὀργὴν κυρίου πρὸ τοῦ ἐπελθεῖν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ἡμέραν θυμοῦ κυρίου
before you become like a passing flower, before the Lord's wrath comes upon you, before the day of the Lord's fury comes upon you.
The repeated 'before' clauses press urgency. Human flourishing is pictured as fragile and transient under the approach of the Lord's anger.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπρό: 'before'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γενέσθαιto becomeVB AMN · γίγνομαιinfinitive complement expressing purpose, result, or verbal action within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsγίγνομαι: 'to become'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὡς: 'as / like'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἄνθοςflowerN3E NSN · ἄνθοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἄνθος: 'flower'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
παραπορευόμενονpassing byV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαι + παραparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπμπνσμ πορεύομαι + παρα: 'passing by'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπρό: 'before'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπελθεῖνto come uponVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιinfinitive complement expressing purpose, result, or verbal action within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔρχομαι + ἐπι: 'to come upon'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐφ'upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon / against'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ὀργὴνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀργή: 'wrath'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'of the Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπρό: 'before'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπελθεῖνto come uponVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιinfinitive complement expressing purpose, result, or verbal action within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔρχομαι + ἐπι: 'to come upon'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐφ'upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon / against'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἡμέρα: 'day'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
θυμοῦfuryN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθυμός: 'fury'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'of the Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
3
ζητήσατε τὸν κύριον πάντες ταπεινοὶ γῆς κρίμα ἐργάζεσθε καὶ δικαιοσύνην ζητήσατε καὶ ἀποκρίνεσθε αὐτά ὅπως σκεπασθῆτε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς κυρίου
Seek the Lord, all you humble of the land; work justice, seek righteousness, and answer accordingly, so that you may be sheltered in the day of the Lord's wrath.
The appeal narrows to the humble of the land. Seeking the Lord is expressed through justice, righteousness, and a hope of being hidden in the coming day of wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ζητήσατεseekVA AAD2P · ζητέωverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsζητέω: 'seek'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
πάντεςallA3 VPM · πᾶςvocative address identifying the addressee within the oracle→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπᾶς: 'all'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ταπεινοὶhumbleA1 VPM · ταπεινόςvocative address identifying the addressee within the oracle→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsταπεινός: 'humble'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
γῆςof the landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsγῆ: 'of the land'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
κρίμαjusticeN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκρίμα: 'justice'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἐργάζεσθεworkV1 PMD2P · ἐργάζομαιverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐργάζομαι: 'work'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδικαιοσύνη: 'righteousness'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ζητήσατεseekVA AAD2P · ζητέωverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsζητέω: 'seek'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἀποκρίνεσθεanswerV1 PMI2P · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκρίνω + ἀπο: 'answer'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
αὐτάthese thingsRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'these things'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὅπως: 'so that'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
σκεπασθῆτεyou may be shelteredVS APS2P · σκεπάζωverbal form issuing command or exhortation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσκεπάζω: 'you may be sheltered'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἡμέρα: 'day'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ὀργῆςof wrathN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀργή: 'of wrath'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'of the Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
4
διότι Γάζα διηρπασμένη ἔσται καὶ Ἀσκαλὼν ἔσται εἰς ἀφανισμόν καὶ Ἄζωτος μεσημβρίας ἐκριφήσεται καὶ Ακκαρων ἐκριζωθήσεται
Because Gaza shall be thoroughly plundered, and Ashkelon shall become a desolation; Ashdod shall be cast out at noon, and Ekron shall be uprooted.
The focus turns from Judah to Philistia. A chain of city names maps the breadth and certainty of coastal devastation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδιότι: 'because'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ΓάζαGazaN1S NSF · Γάζαnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΓάζα: Gaza, one of the principal Philistine cities on the southern coast and here an emblem of coastal judgment.
διηρπασμένηthoroughly plunderedVT · χμπνσφ ἁρπάζω + διαparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsχμπνσφ ἁρπάζω + δια: 'thoroughly plundered'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'shall be'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἈσκαλὼνAshkelonN3W NSF · Ἀσκαλώνnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἈσκαλών: Ashkelon, a major Philistine city named within the chain of announced devastation.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'shall be'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰς: 'into / for'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ἀφανισμόνdesolationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀφανισμός: 'desolation'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἌζωτοςAshdodN2 NS · Ἄζωτοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἌζωτος: Ashdod, another Philistine center; the noon expulsion underscores sudden exposure.
μεσημβρίαςat noonN1A GSF · μεσημβρίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsμεσημβρία: 'at noon'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἐκριφήσεταιshall be cast outVV FPI3S · ῥίπτω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsῥίπτω + ἐκ: 'shall be cast out'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ΑκκαρωνEkronN NS · Ακκαρωνparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΑκκαρων: Ekron, Philistine city portrayed as uprooted from its place.
ἐκριζωθήσεταιshall be uprootedVC FPI3S · ῥιζόω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsῥιζόω + ἐκ: 'shall be uprooted'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
5
οὐαὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὸ σχοίνισμα τῆς θαλάσσης πάροικοι Κρητῶν λόγος κυρίου ἐφ' ὑμᾶς Χανααν γῆ ἀλλοφύλων καὶ ἀπολῶ ὑμᾶς ἐκ κατοικίας
Woe to those who dwell along the measured coast of the sea, sojourners of the Cretans. The word of the Lord is against you, O Canaan, land of the foreigners, and I will destroy you from habitation.
The coastal population is directly addressed under a woe. The oracle identifies them ethnically and territorially, then places them beneath the Lord's destructive word.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsοὐαί: 'woe'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οἱthose / theRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπVπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπαπVπμ οἰκέω + κατα: 'dwelling'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
σχοίνισμαmeasured tractN3M ASN · σχοίνισμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσχοίνισμα: 'measured tract'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθάλασσα: 'sea'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
πάροικοιsojournersA1B VPM · πάροικοςvocative address identifying the addressee within the oracle→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπάροικος: 'sojourners'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
Κρητῶνof the CretansN GP · Κρῆτεςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΚρῆτες: Cretans; ethnic designation tied in the Greek tradition to the Philistine coastlands.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsλόγος: 'word'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'of the Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἐφ'upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon / against'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ΧαναανCanaanN VS · Χαναανparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΧανααν: Canaan; the old land-name is turned here toward Philistia as a target of the Lord's word.
γῆlandN1 VSF · γῆvocative address identifying the addressee within the oracle→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsγῆ: 'land'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἀλλοφύλωνof foreignersA1B GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀλλόφυλος: 'of foreigners'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἀπολῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀλλύω + ἀπο: 'I will destroy'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐκ: 'from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
κατοικίαςhabitationN1A GSF · κατοικίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκατοικία: 'habitation'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
6
καὶ ἔσται Κρήτη νομὴ ποιμνίων καὶ μάνδρα προβάτων
And Crete shall become a pasture of flocks and a fold for sheep.
The urban coast is reduced to pastoral emptiness. What was once inhabited territory becomes grazing land.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'shall be'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ΚρήτηCreteN1 NSF · Κρήτηnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΚρήτη: Crete; in this Greek prophetic setting the name marks the Cretan-linked population associated with Philistia.
νομὴpastureN1 NSF · νομήnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsνομή: 'pasture'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ποιμνίωνof flocksN2N GPN · ποίμνιονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsποίμνιον: 'of flocks'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
μάνδραfoldN1A NSF · μάνδραnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsμάνδρα: 'fold'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
προβάτωνof sheepN2N GPN · πρόβατονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπρόβατον: 'of sheep'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
7
καὶ ἔσται τὸ σχοίνισμα τῆς θαλάσσης τοῖς καταλοίποις οἴκου Ιουδα ἐπ' αὐτοὺς νεμήσονται ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις Ἀσκαλῶνος δείλης καταλύσουσιν ἀπὸ προσώπου υἱῶν Ιουδα ὅτι ἐπέσκεπται αὐτοὺς κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπέστρεψε τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν αὐτῶν
And the seacoast tract shall belong to the remnant of the house of Judah; they shall graze upon it, and in the houses of Ashkelon they shall lodge at evening before the sons of Judah, because the Lord their God has visited them and has restored their captivity.
Judgment on Philistia becomes provision for Judah's remnant. The Lord's visitation reverses exile and turns hostile territory into a place of rest.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'shall be'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
σχοίνισμαmeasured tractN3M NSN · σχοίνισμαnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσχοίνισμα: 'measured tract'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθάλασσα: 'sea'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καταλοίποιςfor the remnantA1B DPM · κατάλοιποςdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκατάλοιπος: 'for the remnant'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
οἴκουof the houseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsοἶκος: 'of the house'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ιουδαparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΙουδα: Judah, the covenant people whose remnant survives and receives the coastline in reversal of prior loss.
ἐπ'upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon / against'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
αὐτοὺςit / themRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'it / them'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
νεμήσονταιthey shall grazeVF FMI3P · νέμωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsνέμω: 'they shall graze'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἴκοιςhousesN2 DPM · οἶκοςdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsοἶκος: 'houses'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
Ἀσκαλῶνοςof AshkelonN3W GSF · Ἀσκαλώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἈσκαλών: 'of Ashkelon'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
δείληςat eveningA1 GSF · δειλόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδειλός: 'at evening'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καταλύσουσινthey shall lodgeVF FAI3P · λύω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsλύω + κατα: 'they shall lodge'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἀπὸbefore / fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀπό: 'before / from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
προσώπουthe presence ofN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπρόσωπον: 'the presence of'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsυἱός: 'sons'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ιουδαparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΙουδα: Judah, the covenant people whose remnant survives and receives the coastline in reversal of prior loss.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὅτι: 'because'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπέσκεπταιhas visitedVP XMI3S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: 'has visited'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
αὐτοὺςit / themRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'it / them'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθεός: 'God'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'their'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἀπέστρεψεhas restoredVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsστρέφω + ἀπο: 'has restored'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαἰχμαλωσία: 'captivity'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'their'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
8
ἤκουσα ὀνειδισμοὺς Μωαβ καὶ κονδυλισμοὺς υἱῶν Αμμων ἐν οἷς ὠνείδιζον τὸν λαόν μου καὶ ἐμεγαλύνοντο ἐπὶ τὰ ὅριά μου
I have heard the reproaches of Moab and the insults of the sons of Ammon, with which they reproached my people and magnified themselves against my borders.
The Lord testifies that he has heard Moabite and Ammonite scorn. Their speech against Judah is treated as an offense against the Lord's own people and borders.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἤκουσαI have heardVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀκούω: 'I have heard'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ὀνειδισμοὺςreproachesN2 APM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀνειδισμός: 'reproaches'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ΜωαβMoabN GSF · Μωαβparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΜωαβ: Moab, east of the Dead Sea and repeatedly paired with Ammon as a taunting neighbor of Judah.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
κονδυλισμοὺςinsultsN2 APM · κονδυλισμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκονδυλισμός: 'insults'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsυἱός: 'sons'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GS · Αμμωνparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΑμμων: Ammon, Judah's transjordanian neighbor, judged here alongside Moab for derision and pride.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
οἷςwith whichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὅς: 'with which'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ὠνείδιζονthey were reproachingV1I IAI3P · ὀνειδίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀνειδίζω: 'they were reproaching'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsλαός: 'people'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'my'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐμεγαλύνοντοthey magnified themselvesV1I IMI3P · μεγαλύνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsμεγαλύνω: 'they magnified themselves'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὅριάbordersN2N APN · ὅριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὅριον: 'borders'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'my'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
9
διὰ τοῦτο ζῶ ἐγώ λέγει κύριος τῶν δυνάμεων ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ διότι Μωαβ ὡς Σοδομα ἔσται καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Αμμων ὡς Γομορρα καὶ Δαμασκὸς ἐκλελειμμένη ὡς θιμωνιὰ ἅλωνος καὶ ἠφανισμένη εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ οἱ κατάλοιποι λαοῦ μου διαρπῶνται αὐτούς καὶ οἱ κατάλοιποι ἔθνους μου κληρονομήσουσιν αὐτούς
Therefore, as I live, says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, Moab shall become like Sodom, and the sons of Ammon like Gomorrah, and Damascus abandoned like a heap on the threshing floor and made desolate forever; the remnant of my people shall plunder them, and the remnant of my nation shall inherit them.
The sentence is sealed with the Lord's oath by his own life. The fate of Moab and Ammon is framed through Sodom and Gomorrah imagery and ends in remnant possession.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδιά: 'because of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsοὗτος: 'this'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ζῶI liveV3 PAI1S · ζάωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsζάω: 'I live'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'I'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsλέγω: 'says'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τῶνof theRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δυνάμεωνof hostsN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδύναμις: 'of hosts'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθεός: 'God'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
Ισραηλof IsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΙσραηλ: Israel, invoked in the divine title to ground the oath in covenant identity.
διότιbecauseC · διότιparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδιότι: 'because'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ΜωαβMoabN NSF · Μωαβparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΜωαβ: Moab, east of the Dead Sea and repeatedly paired with Ammon as a taunting neighbor of Judah.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὡς: 'as / like'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ΣοδομαSodomN NS · Σοδομαparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΣοδομα: Sodom, archetype of catastrophic overthrow and thus a fitting comparison for Moab's fate.
ἔσταιshall beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'shall be'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οἱthose / theRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsυἱός: 'sons'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GS · Αμμωνparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΑμμων: Ammon, Judah's transjordanian neighbor, judged here alongside Moab for derision and pride.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὡς: 'as / like'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ΓομορραGomorrahN NS · Γομορραparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΓομορρα: Gomorrah, paired with Sodom as the classic image of total desolation.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ΔαμασκὸςDamascusN2 NS · Δαμασκόςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΔαμασκός: Damascus; the Greek line compares the condemned territory to abandonment associated with a heap on the threshing floor.
ἐκλελειμμένηabandonedVP · χμπνσφ λείπω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsχμπνσφ λείπω + ἐκ: 'abandoned'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὡς: 'as / like'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
θιμωνιὰheapN1A NSF · θημονίαnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθημονία: 'heap'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἅλωνοςof a threshing floorN3W GSF · ἅλωνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἅλων: 'of a threshing floor'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἠφανισμένηmade desolateVT · χμπνσφ ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsχμπνσφ ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: 'made desolate'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰς: 'into / for'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαἰών: 'forever'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οἱthose / theRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κατάλοιποιremnantA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκατάλοιπος: 'remnant'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
λαοῦof my peopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsλαός: 'of my people'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'my'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
διαρπῶνταιshall plunderVF2 FMI3P · ἁρπάζω + διαmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἁρπάζω + δια: 'shall plunder'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'them'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οἱthose / theRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κατάλοιποιremnantA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκατάλοιπος: 'remnant'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἔθνουςof my nationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔθνος: 'of my nation'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'my'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
κληρονομήσουσινshall inheritVF FAI3P · κληρονομέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκληρονομέω: 'shall inherit'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'them'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
10
αὕτη αὐτοῖς ἀντὶ τῆς ὕβρεως αὐτῶν διότι ὠνείδισαν καὶ ἐμεγαλύνθησαν ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον τὸν παντοκράτορα
This shall be theirs in return for their arrogance, because they reproached and magnified themselves against the Lord Almighty.
The punishment is explicitly grounded in arrogance. Their insults against Judah are interpreted as self-exaltation against the Lord himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsοὗτος: 'this'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
αὐτοῖςfor themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'for them'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἀντὶin return forP · ἀντίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀντί: 'in return for'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὕβρεωςarroganceN3I GSF · ὕβριςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὕβρις: 'arrogance'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'their'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
διότιbecauseC · διότιparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδιότι: 'because'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ὠνείδισανthey reproachedVAI AAI3P · ὀνειδίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀνειδίζω: 'they reproached'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐμεγαλύνθησανthey magnified themselvesVCI API3P · μεγαλύνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsμεγαλύνω: 'they magnified themselves'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
παντοκράτοραAlmightyN3R ASM · παντοκράτωρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπαντοκράτωρ: 'Almighty'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
11
ἐπιφανήσεται κύριος ἐπ' αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐξολεθρεύσει πάντας τοὺς θεοὺς τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν αὐτῷ ἕκαστος ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ νῆσοι τῶν ἐθνῶν
The Lord shall appear against them and destroy all the gods of the nations of the earth, and each from his own place shall worship him, all the islands of the nations.
The Lord rises against the nations' gods as well as the nations themselves. The result is a universalized scene of worship extending even to distant coastlands.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἐπιφανήσεταιshall appearVD FPI3S · φαίνω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsφαίνω + ἐπι: 'shall appear'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκύριος: 'Lord'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἐπ'upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon / against'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
αὐτοὺςit / themRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'it / them'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσειshall destroyVF FAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: 'shall destroy'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπᾶς: 'all'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθεός: 'gods'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐθνῶνof the nationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔθνος: 'of the nations'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆςof the landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsγῆ: 'of the land'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
προσκυνήσουσινshall worshipVF FAI3P · κυνέω + προςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκυνέω + προς: 'shall worship'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'him'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἕκαστος: 'each'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐκ: 'from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τόπουplaceN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsτόπος: 'place'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'his'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπᾶς: 'all'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
νῆσοιislandsN2 NPF · νήσοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsνήσος: 'islands'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐθνῶνof the nationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔθνος: 'of the nations'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
12
καὶ ὑμεῖς Αἰθίοπες τραυματίαι ῥομφαίας μού ἐστε
You Ethiopians also are wounded men of my sword.
The brief address to Cush shows the reach of the Lord's sword. Even distant peoples are not beyond the scope of this day of reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ΑἰθίοπεςEthiopiansN VPF · Αἰθίοψparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΑἰθίοπες: Ethiopians / Cushites, representing the southern reach of the Lord's judicial horizon.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsτραυματίας: 'wounded men'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ῥομφαίαςof the swordN1A GSF · ῥομφαίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsῥομφαία: 'of the sword'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
μούmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'my'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἐστεareV9 PAI2P · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'are'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
13
καὶ ἐκτενεῖ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ βορρᾶν καὶ ἀπολεῖ τὸν Ἀσσύριον καὶ θήσει τὴν Νινευη εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἄνυδρον ὡς ἔρημον
And he shall stretch out his hand against the north and destroy the Assyrian, and he shall make Nineveh a desolation, dry like a wilderness.
The northern horizon now comes into view. Assyria and Nineveh are singled out for the same divine hand that has already addressed Judah's nearer neighbors.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐκτενεῖshall stretch outVF2 FAI3S · τείνω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsτείνω + ἐκ: 'shall stretch out'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsχείρ: 'hand'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'his'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
βορρᾶνthe northN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsβορέας: 'the north'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἀπολεῖshall destroyVF2 FAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὀλλύω + ἀπο: 'shall destroy'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
Ἀσσύριονthe AssyrianN2 ASM · Ἀσσύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἈσσύριος: the Assyrian, shorthand for the imperial power centered in Nineveh.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
θήσειshall makeVF FAI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsτίθημι: 'shall make'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΝινευηNinevehN ASF · Νινευηparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsΝινευη: Nineveh, proud Assyrian capital now destined for dryness, abandonment, and mockery.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰς: 'into / for'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ἀφανισμὸνdesolationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀφανισμός: 'desolation'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἄνυδρονwaterlessA1B ASM · ἄνυδροςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἄνυδρος: 'waterless'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὡς: 'as / like'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἔρημονwildernessN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔρημος: 'wilderness'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
14
καὶ νεμήσονται ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς ποίμνια καὶ πάντα τὰ θηρία τῆς γῆς καὶ χαμαιλέοντες καὶ ἐχῖνοι ἐν τοῖς φατνώμασιν αὐτῆς κοιτασθήσονται καὶ θηρία φωνήσει ἐν τοῖς διορύγμασιν αὐτῆς κόρακες ἐν τοῖς πυλῶσιν αὐτῆς διότι κέδρος τὸ ἀνάστημα αὐτῆς
And flocks shall graze in her midst, and all the beasts of the earth; chameleons and hedgehogs shall lie down in her carved chambers, and beasts shall cry out in her trenches, ravens in her gates, because cedar was her lofty finish.
The ruined city is imagined after its fall. Animal habitation and ominous cries dramatize the total reversal of imperial grandeur.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
νεμήσονταιthey shall grazeVF FMI3P · νέμωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsνέμω: 'they shall graze'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsμέσος: 'midst'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'her'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ποίμνιαflocksN2N NPN · ποίμνιονnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsποίμνιον: 'flocks'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπᾶς: 'all'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θηρίαbeastsN2N NPN · θηρίονnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθηρίον: 'beasts'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆςof the landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsγῆ: 'of the land'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
χαμαιλέοντεςchameleonsN3 NPM · χαμαιλέωνnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsχαμαιλέων: 'chameleons'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐχῖνοιhedgehogsN2 NPM · ἐχῖνοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐχῖνος: 'hedgehogs'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
φατνώμασινcarved chambersN3M DPN · φάτνωμαdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsφάτνωμα: 'carved chambers'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'her'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
κοιτασθήσονταιshall lie downVS FPI3P · κοιτάζομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκοιτάζομαι: 'shall lie down'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
θηρίαbeastsN2N APN · θηρίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθηρίον: 'beasts'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
φωνήσειshall cry outVF FAI3S · φωνέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsφωνέω: 'shall cry out'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
διορύγμασινtrenchesN3M DPN · διόρυγμαdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδιόρυγμα: 'trenches'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'her'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
κόρακεςravensN3K NPM · κόραξnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκόραξ: 'ravens'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πυλῶσινgatesN3W DPM · πυλώνdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπυλών: 'gates'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'her'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
διότιbecauseC · διότιparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδιότι: 'because'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
κέδροςcedarN2 NSF · κέδροςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκέδρος: 'cedar'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἀνάστημαlofty finishN3M NSN · ἀνάστημαnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀνάστημα: 'lofty finish'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'her'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
15
αὕτη ἡ πόλις ἡ φαυλίστρια ἡ κατοικοῦσα ἐπ' ἐλπίδι ἡ λέγουσα ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς ἐγώ εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν μετ' ἐμὲ ἔτι πῶς ἐγενήθη εἰς ἀφανισμόν νομὴ θηρίων πᾶς ὁ διαπορευόμενος δι' αὐτῆς συριεῖ καὶ κινήσει τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ
This is the contemptuous city that dwelt in hope, that said in her heart, I am, and there is no longer anyone after me. How she has become a desolation, a pasture for beasts; everyone who passes through her will hiss and wave his hands.
The chapter closes with a mocking lament over self-secure Nineveh. Her boast of uniqueness collapses into hissing public scorn and beast-haunted emptiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsοὗτος: 'this'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπόλις: 'city'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
φαυλίστριαcontemptuousN1A NSF · φαυλίστριαnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsφαυλίστρια: 'contemptuous'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κατοικοῦσαdwellingV2 · παπνσφ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπαπνσφ οἰκέω + κατα: 'dwelling'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐπ'upon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐπί: 'upon / against'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ἐλπίδιin confidenceN3D DSF · ἐλπίςdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐλπίς: 'in confidence'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λέγουσαsayingV1 · παπνσφ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπαπνσφ λέγω: 'saying'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαρδία: 'heart'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'her'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'I'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
εἰμιI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'I am'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsοὐ: 'not'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰμί: 'there is'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
μετ'after / besidesP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsμετά: 'after / besides'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἐγώ: 'me'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
ἔτιany longerD · ἔτιparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἔτι: 'any longer'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
πῶςhowD · πῶςparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπῶς: 'how'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐγενήθηshe becameVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsγίγνομαι: 'she became'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsεἰς: 'into / for'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ἀφανισμόνdesolationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀφανισμός: 'desolation'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
νομὴpastureN1 NSF · νομήnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsνομή: 'pasture'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
θηρίωνof beastsN2N GPN · θηρίονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsθηρίον: 'of beasts'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπᾶς: 'everyone'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
διαπορευόμενοςpassing throughV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαι + διαparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsπμπνσμ πορεύομαι + δια: 'passing through'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsδιά: 'through'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'her'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.
συριεῖwill hissVF2 FAI3S · συρίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsσυρίζω: 'will hiss'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκαί: 'and'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
κινήσειwill waveVF FAI3S · κινέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsκινέω: 'will wave'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the prophetic clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsὁ: Greek article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsχείρ: 'hands'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept within the oracle.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form identifying a participant or linking the discourse→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsαὐτός: 'his'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse in context.