1
ὦ ἡ ἐπιφανὴς καὶ ἀπολελυτρωμένη ἡ πόλις ἡ περιστερά
Ah, the conspicuous and redeemed city, the dove!
The chapter opens with a bitterly ironic address. The city that should have displayed covenant splendor and peace is instead named in terms that expose how far she has fallen.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὦahI · ὦinterjection marking direct address or rhetorical force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὦ: interjection rendered 'ah' here, heightening the prophetic tone of lament, summons, or declaration.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπιφανὴςconspicuousA3H NSF · ἐπιφανήςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπιφανής: lexical item rendered 'conspicuous' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ἀπολελυτρωμένηredeemedVM · χμπνσφ λυτρόω + ἀποparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλυτρόω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'redeemed' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
περιστεράdoveN1A NSF · περιστεράnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπεριστερά: lexical item rendered 'dove' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
2
οὐκ εἰσήκουσεν φωνῆς οὐκ ἐδέξατο παιδείαν ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳ οὐκ ἐπεποίθει καὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν αὐτῆς οὐκ ἤγγισεν
She did not listen to a voice; she did not accept discipline; in the Lord she did not trust, and to her God she did not draw near.
The accusations move from hearing, to correction, to trust, to nearness. Jerusalem's failure is not merely moral but relational: she refuses every ordinary form of covenant response.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
εἰσήκουσενlistenedVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀκούω + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'listened' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ἐδέξατοacceptedVAI AMI3S · δέχομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδέχομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'accepted' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
παιδείανdisciplineN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπαιδεία: lexical item rendered 'discipline' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ἐπεποίθειtrustedVXI YAI3S · πείθωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπείθω: verbal lexeme rendered 'trusted' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπρός: prepositional lexeme rendered 'to' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθεός: 'God'; here the covenant God is named as personally present with Zion and active in salvation.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ἤγγισενdrew nearVAI AAI3S · ἐγγίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγγίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'drew near' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
3
οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτῆς ἐν αὐτῇ ὡς λέοντες ὠρυόμενοι οἱ κριταὶ αὐτῆς ὡς λύκοι τῆς Ἀραβίας οὐχ ὑπελίποντο εἰς τὸ πρωί
Her rulers within her are like roaring lions; her judges are like wolves of Arabia, leaving nothing for the morning.
Civic leadership is described through ravenous animal imagery. Those charged to protect the city instead consume it so thoroughly that nothing remains by dawn.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'rulers' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὡς: connective rendered 'like' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
λέοντεςlionsN3 NPM · λέωνnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλέων: lexical item rendered 'lions' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ὠρυόμενοιroaringV1 · πμπνπμ ὠρύομαιparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὠρύομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'roaring' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κριταὶjudgesN1M NPM · κριτήςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκριτής: lexical item rendered 'judges' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὡς: connective rendered 'like' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
λύκοιwolvesN2 NPM · λύκοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλύκος: lexical item rendered 'wolves' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἈραβίαςArabiaN GSF · Ἀράβιαnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἈράβια: Arabia, used here in the simile of ravenous wolves to heighten the ferocity of Judah's judges.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ὑπελίποντοleft overVBI AMI3P · λείπω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλείπω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'left over' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πρωίby morningD · πρωί̈adverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπρωί̈: adverbial form rendered 'by morning' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
4
οἱ προφῆται αὐτῆς πνευματοφόροι ἄνδρες καταφρονηταί οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτῆς βεβηλοῦσιν τὰ ἅγια καὶ ἀσεβοῦσιν νόμον
Her prophets are spirit-borne men, contemptuous men; her priests profane the holy things and act impiously toward the law.
The denunciation reaches the religious estate. Prophets and priests, who should mediate truth and holiness, are portrayed as reckless and desecrating.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
προφῆταιprophetsN1M NPM · προφήτηςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπροφήτης: lexical item rendered 'prophets' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
πνευματοφόροιspirit-borneN2 NPM · πνευματοφόροςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπνευματοφόρος: lexical item rendered 'spirit-borne' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'men' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καταφρονηταίcontemptuous menN1M NPM · καταφρονητήςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαταφρονητής: lexical item rendered 'contemptuous men' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἱερεύς: lexical item rendered 'priests' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
βεβηλοῦσινprofaneV4 PAI3P · βεβηλόωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredβεβηλόω: verbal lexeme rendered 'profane' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἅγιαholy thingsA1A APN · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἅγιος: lexical item rendered 'holy things' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ἀσεβοῦσινact impiously towardV2 PAI3P · ἀσεβέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀσεβέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'act impiously toward' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
5
ὁ δὲ κύριος δίκαιος ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ μὴ ποιήσῃ ἄδικον πρωὶ πρωὶ δώσει κρίμα αὐτοῦ εἰς φῶς καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρύβη καὶ οὐκ ἔγνω ἀδικίαν ἐν ἀπαιτήσει καὶ οὐκ εἰς νεῖκος ἀδικίαν
But the Lord is righteous in her midst and will never do wrong; morning by morning he will bring his judgment to light, and it was not hidden, yet injustice knew no shame in exaction and in strife.
The city's corruption is set against the Lord's steady righteousness. His judgments are plain and public, yet injustice remains shameless even under that daily exposure.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δὲbutX · δέconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδέ: connective rendered 'but' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'righteous' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμέσος: lexical item rendered 'midst' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ποιήσῃdoVA AAS3S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'do' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἄδικονwrongA1B ASM · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἄδικος: lexical item rendered 'wrong' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
πρωὶmorning by morningD · πρωί̈adverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπρωί̈: adverbial form rendered 'morning by morning' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
πρωὶmorning by morningD · πρωί̈adverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπρωί̈: adverbial form rendered 'morning by morning' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
δώσειwill giveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered 'will give' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκρίμα: lexical item rendered 'judgment' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'his' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'light' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ἀπεκρύβηwas hiddenVDI API3S · κρύπτω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκρύπτω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'was hidden' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ἔγνωknewVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'knew' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀδικία: lexical item rendered 'injustice' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ἀπαιτήσειexactionN3I DSF · ἀπαίτησιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀπαίτησις: lexical item rendered 'exaction' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
νεῖκοςstrifeN3E ASN · νεῖκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredνεῖκος: lexical item rendered 'strife' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀδικία: lexical item rendered 'injustice' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
6
ἐν διαφθορᾷ κατέσπασα ὑπερηφάνους ἠφανίσθησαν γωνίαι αὐτῶν ἐξερημώσω τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν τὸ παράπαν τοῦ μὴ διοδεύειν ἐξέλιπον αἱ πόλεις αὐτῶν παρὰ τὸ μηδένα ὑπάρχειν μηδὲ κατοικεῖν
In destruction I brought down the proud; their corners disappeared. I will lay waste their ways utterly, so that none may pass through; their cities vanished, so that no one exists or dwells there.
The Lord reminds Jerusalem that he has already judged arrogant nations. Ruined roads and emptied cities were meant to serve as a visible lesson.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
διαφθορᾷdestructionN1A DSF · διαφθοράdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδιαφθορά: lexical item rendered 'destruction' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
κατέσπασαbrought downVAI AAI1S · σπάω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσπάω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'brought down' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὑπερηφάνουςthe proudA1B APM · ὑπερήφανοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὑπερήφανος: lexical item rendered 'the proud' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἠφανίσθησανvanishedVSI API3P · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'vanished' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
γωνίαιcornersN1A NPF · γωνίαnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredγωνία: lexical item rendered 'corners' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'their' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
ἐξερημώσωwill lay wasteVF FAI1S · ἐρημόω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐρημόω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'will lay waste' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁδός: lexical item rendered 'ways' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'their' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
παράπανutterlyD · παράπανadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπαράπαν: adverbial form rendered 'utterly' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
διοδεύεινto pass throughV1 PAN · ὁδεύω + διαinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁδεύω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'to pass through' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐξέλιπονvanishVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλείπω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'vanish' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπόλις: lexical item rendered 'cities' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'their' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπαρά: prepositional lexeme rendered 'beside' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μηδέναno oneA3 ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμηδείς: lexical item rendered 'no one' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ὑπάρχεινto existV1 PAN · ἄρχω + ὑποinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἄρχω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'to exist' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμηδέ: connective rendered 'nor' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
κατοικεῖνto dwellV2 PAN · οἰκέω + καταinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοἰκέω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'to dwell' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
7
εἶπα πλὴν φοβεῖσθέ με καὶ δέξασθε παιδείαν καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐξολεθρευθῆτε ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῆς πάντα ὅσα ἐξεδίκησα ἐπ' αὐτήν ἑτοιμάζου ὄρθρισον διέφθαρται πᾶσα ἡ ἐπιφυλλὶς αὐτῶν
I said, Only fear me and accept discipline, and you shall certainly not be cut off before her eyes, all that I have exacted against her. Be ready, rise early; all their gleaning has been ruined.
Divine discipline had a restorative aim, but the city refused it. The closing imperatives and harvest image sharpen the sense that corruption kept reappearing as soon as judgment was seen.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'I said' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πλὴνonlyD · πλήνadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπλήν: adverbial form rendered 'only' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
φοβεῖσθέfearV2 PMI2P · φοβέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredφοβέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'fear' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'me' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
δέξασθεacceptVA AMD2P · δέχομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδέχομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'accept' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
παιδείανdisciplineN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπαιδεία: lexical item rendered 'discipline' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ἐξολεθρευθῆτεbe destroyedVC APS2P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'be destroyed' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκ: prepositional lexeme rendered 'from' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eyes' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
πάνταall thingsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all things' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ὅσαwhatever thingsA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὅσος: lexical item rendered 'whatever things' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐξεδίκησαvisited in judgmentVAI AAI1S · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδικέω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'visited in judgment' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
ἑτοιμάζουbe readyV1 PMD2S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἑτοιμάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'be ready' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὄρθρισονrise earlyVA AAD2S · ὀρθρίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὀρθρίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'rise early' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
διέφθαρταιhas been ruinedVM XMI3S · φθείρω + διαmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredφθείρω + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'has been ruined' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπιφυλλὶςgleaningN3D NSF · ἐπιφυλλίςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπιφυλλίς: lexical item rendered 'gleaning' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'their' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
8
διὰ τοῦτο ὑπόμεινόν με λέγει κύριος εἰς ἡμέραν ἀναστάσεώς μου εἰς μαρτύριον διότι τὸ κρίμα μου εἰς συναγωγὰς ἐθνῶν τοῦ εἰσδέξασθαι βασιλεῖς τοῦ ἐκχέαι ἐπ' αὐτοὺς πᾶσαν ὀργὴν θυμοῦ μου διότι ἐν πυρὶ ζήλους μου καταναλωθήσεται πᾶσα ἡ γῆ
Therefore wait for me, says the Lord, for the day of my rising as a witness, because my judgment is for gatherings of nations, to receive kings, to pour out upon them all the wrath of my anger; because in the fire of my zeal all the earth shall be consumed.
The horizon widens from Jerusalem to the nations. The Lord's coming judgment is forensic and cosmic at once: he rises as witness and pours out zeal that reaches the whole earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
διὰthereforeP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδιά: prepositional lexeme rendered 'therefore' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὗτος: pronominal form rendered 'this' here and used according to its local referential role in the oracle.
ὑπόμεινόνwait forVA AAD2S · μένω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμένω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'wait for' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'me' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'says' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἀναστάσεώςrisingN3I GSF · ἀνάστασιςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀνάστασις: lexical item rendered 'rising' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'my' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
μαρτύριονwitnessN2N ASN · μαρτύριονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμαρτύριον: lexical item rendered 'witness' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδιότι: connective rendered 'because' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκρίμα: lexical item rendered 'judgment' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'my' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
συναγωγὰςgatheringsN1 APF · συναγωγήaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσυναγωγή: lexical item rendered 'gatherings' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐθνῶνnationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nations' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
εἰσδέξασθαιto gatherVA AMN · δέχομαι + εἰςinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδέχομαι + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'to gather' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
βασιλεῖςkingsN3V APM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'kings' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐκχέαιto pour outVA AAN · χέω + ἐκinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredχέω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'to pour out' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'them' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ὀργὴνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὀργή: lexical item rendered 'wrath' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθυμός: lexical item rendered 'anger' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'my' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδιότι: connective rendered 'because' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'fire' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ζήλουςzealN2 APM · ζῆλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredζῆλος: lexical item rendered 'zeal' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'my' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
καταναλωθήσεταιwill be consumedVC FPI3S · ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future / prospective force looking ahead from the speech momentἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'will be consumed' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
9
ὅτι τότε μεταστρέψω ἐπὶ λαοὺς γλῶσσαν εἰς γενεὰν αὐτῆς τοῦ ἐπικαλεῖσθαι πάντας τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου τοῦ δουλεύειν αὐτῷ ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἕνα
Because then I will transform for the peoples a tongue for its generation, so that all may call upon the name of the Lord and serve him under one yoke.
After judgment comes a reversal at the level of speech and worship. The nations are not merely subdued but enabled to invoke the Lord together in unified service.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὅτι: connective rendered 'because' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτότε: adverbial form rendered 'then' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
μεταστρέψωI will transformVF FAI1S · στρέφω + μεταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredστρέφω + μετα: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will transform' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
λαοὺςpeoplesN2 APM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλαός: lexical item rendered 'peoples' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
γλῶσσανtongueN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredγλῶσσα: lexical item rendered 'tongue' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
γενεὰνgenerationN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredγενεά: lexical item rendered 'generation' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπικαλεῖσθαιto call uponV2 PMN · καλέω + ἐπιinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαλέω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'to call upon' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὄνομα: lexical item rendered 'name' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δουλεύεινto serveV1 PAN · δουλεύωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδουλεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'to serve' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'him' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὑπό: prepositional lexeme rendered 'under' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASM · ζυγόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredζυγός: lexical item rendered 'yoke' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἕναoneA3 ASM · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἷς: lexical item rendered 'one' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
10
ἐκ περάτων ποταμῶν Αἰθιοπίας οἴσουσιν θυσίας μοι
From the ends of the rivers of Ethiopia they will bring me sacrifices.
The chapter imagines the worship of the Lord extending to the world's edges. Distance no longer prevents approach or offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκ: prepositional lexeme rendered 'from' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
περάτωνendsN3T GPN · πέραςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπέρας: lexical item rendered 'ends' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ποταμῶνriversN2 GPM · ποταμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredποταμός: lexical item rendered 'rivers' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ΑἰθιοπίαςEthiopiaN GSF · Αἰθίοψnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredΑἰθίοψ / Αἰθιοπία: Ethiopia, marking the farthest reaches from which worshippers are envisioned as bringing offerings to the Lord.
οἴσουσινthey will bringVF FAI3P · φέρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredφέρω: verbal lexeme rendered 'they will bring' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
θυσίαςsacrificesN1A GSF · θυσίαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθυσία: lexical item rendered 'sacrifices' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'to me' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
11
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇς ἐκ πάντων τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων σου ὧν ἠσέβησας εἰς ἐμέ ὅτι τότε περιελῶ ἀπὸ σοῦ τὰ φαυλίσματα τῆς ὕβρεώς σου καὶ οὐκέτι μὴ προσθῇς τοῦ μεγαλαυχῆσαι ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ ἅγιόν μου
On that day you shall not be put to shame for all your practices by which you acted impiously toward me; for then I will remove from you the contemptible displays of your arrogance, and you shall no longer continue to boast on my holy mountain.
Restoration is not indulgence. The Lord removes the city's proud self-display so that life on his holy mountain can be marked by humility instead of boastfulness.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκεῖνος: pronominal form rendered 'that' here and used according to its local referential role in the oracle.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
καταισχυνθῇςbe put to shameVC FPS2S · αἰσχύνω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαἰσχύνω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'be put to shame' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκ: prepositional lexeme rendered 'from' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
πάντωνallA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπιτηδευμάτωνpracticesN3M GPN · ἐπιτήδευμαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπιτήδευμα: lexical item rendered 'practices' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὅς: pronominal form rendered 'which' here and used according to its local referential role in the oracle.
ἠσέβησαςacted impiouslyVAI AAI2S · ἀσεβέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀσεβέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'acted impiously' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ἐμέmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'me' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὅτι: connective rendered 'because' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτότε: adverbial form rendered 'then' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
περιελῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἱρέω + περιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαἱρέω + περι: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will remove' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀπό: prepositional lexeme rendered 'from' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
φαυλίσματαcontemptible displaysN3M APN · φαύλισμαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredφαύλισμα: lexical item rendered 'contemptible displays' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὕβρεώςarroganceN3I GSF · ὕβριςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὕβρις: lexical item rendered 'arrogance' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐκέτι: adverbial form rendered 'no longer' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
προσθῇςaddVE AAS2S · τίθημι + προςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτίθημι + προς: verbal lexeme rendered 'add' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μεγαλαυχῆσαιto boastVA AAN · μεγαλαυχέωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμεγαλαυχέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'to boast' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountain' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἅγιόνholyA1A ASN · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἅγιος: lexical item rendered 'holy' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'my' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
12
καὶ ὑπολείψομαι ἐν σοὶ λαὸν πραὺ̈ν καὶ ταπεινόν καὶ εὐλαβηθήσονται ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀνόματος κυρίου
And I will leave within you a people gentle and humble, and they shall show reverence because of the name of the Lord.
What remains after judgment is deliberately small and lowly. The surviving community is defined by meekness and reverent dependence on the Lord's name.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ὑπολείψομαιI will leaveVF FMI1S · λείπω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλείπω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will leave' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
πραὺ̈νgentleA3U ASM · πραύ̈ςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπραύ̈ς: lexical item rendered 'gentle' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ταπεινόνhumbleA1 ASM · ταπεινόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredταπεινός: lexical item rendered 'humble' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
εὐλαβηθήσονταιwill show reverenceVC FPI3P · εὐλαβέομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεὐλαβέομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'will show reverence' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀπό: prepositional lexeme rendered 'from' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὀνόματοςnameN3M GSN · ὄνομαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὄνομα: lexical item rendered 'name' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
13
οἱ κατάλοιποι τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ οὐ ποιήσουσιν ἀδικίαν καὶ οὐ λαλήσουσιν μάταια καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν γλῶσσα δολία διότι αὐτοὶ νεμήσονται καὶ κοιτασθήσονται καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ ἐκφοβῶν αὐτούς
The remnant of Israel shall do no injustice and speak no vanities, and no deceitful tongue shall be found in their mouth; for they themselves shall graze and lie down, and there will be none to frighten them.
The restored remnant is described by truthful speech and social innocence. Their security echoes pastoral rest, the opposite of the predatory city described at the chapter's start.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κατάλοιποιremnantA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκατάλοιπος: lexical item rendered 'remnant' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἸσραήλ: Israel, especially the surviving remnant purified after judgment.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ποιήσουσινwill doVF FAI3P · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future indicative of threatened actionποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'will do' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀδικία: lexical item rendered 'injustice' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
λαλήσουσινwill speakVF FAI3P · λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'will speak' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμάταιος: lexical item rendered 'vain things' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
εὑρεθῇbe foundVC APS3S · εὑρίσκωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεὑρίσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'be found' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredστόμα: lexical item rendered 'mouth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'their' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredγλῶσσα: lexical item rendered 'tongue' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
δολίαdeceitfulA1A NSF · δόλιοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδόλιος: lexical item rendered 'deceitful' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδιότι: connective rendered 'because' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'they' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
νεμήσονταιwill grazeVF FMI3P · νέμωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredνέμω: verbal lexeme rendered 'will graze' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
κοιτασθήσονταιwill lie downVS FPI3P · κοιτάζομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκοιτάζομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'will lie down' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ἔσταιthere will beV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'there will be' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐκφοβῶνone frighteningV2 · παπνσμ φοβέω + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredφοβέω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'one frightening' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'them' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
14
χαῖρε σφόδρα θύγατερ Σιων κήρυσσε θύγατερ Ιερουσαλημ εὐφραίνου καὶ κατατέρπου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου θύγατερ Ιερουσαλημ
Rejoice greatly, daughter Zion; proclaim, daughter Jerusalem; be glad and delight with all your heart, daughter Jerusalem.
Imperatives of joy now replace earlier accusations. Zion is commanded to celebrate because the decisive divine reversal has already been announced.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
χαῖρεrejoiceV1 PAD2S · χαίρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredχαίρω: verbal lexeme rendered 'rejoice' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
σφόδραgreatlyD · σφόδραadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσφόδρα: adverbial form rendered 'greatly' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
θύγατερdaughterN3 VSF · θυγάτηρvocative element used in direct address→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered 'daughter' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredΣιων: Zion, the personified city of God's people, addressed here as the object of judgment turned to joy.
κήρυσσεproclaimV1 PAD2S · κηρύσσωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκηρύσσω: verbal lexeme rendered 'proclaim' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
θύγατερdaughterN3 VSF · θυγάτηρvocative element used in direct address→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered 'daughter' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἸερουσαλήμ: Jerusalem, both the rebellious city under indictment and the restored city summoned to rejoice.
εὐφραίνουbe gladV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεὐφραίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'be glad' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
κατατέρπουdelight yourselfV1 PMD2S · τέρπω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτέρπω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'delight yourself' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκ: prepositional lexeme rendered 'from' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ὅληςwholeA1 GSF · ὅλοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὅλος: lexical item rendered 'whole' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'heart' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
θύγατερdaughterN3 VSF · θυγάτηρvocative element used in direct address→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered 'daughter' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἸερουσαλήμ: Jerusalem, both the rebellious city under indictment and the restored city summoned to rejoice.
15
περιεῖλεν κύριος τὰ ἀδικήματά σου λελύτρωταί σε ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν σου βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ κύριος ἐν μέσῳ σου οὐκ ὄψῃ κακὰ οὐκέτι
The Lord has taken away your wrongs; he has redeemed you from the hand of your enemies. The Lord, the king of Israel, is in your midst; you shall see evil no more.
The grounds for joy are stated plainly: guilt is lifted, enemies are displaced, and the Lord's kingship is no longer distant but present within the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
περιεῖλενhas taken awayVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + περιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαἱρέω + περι: verbal lexeme rendered 'has taken away' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἀδικήματάwrongsN3M APN · ἀδίκημαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀδίκημα: lexical item rendered 'wrongs' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
λελύτρωταίhas redeemedVM XMI3S · λυτρόωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλυτρόω: verbal lexeme rendered 'has redeemed' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκ: prepositional lexeme rendered 'from' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hand' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐχθρῶνenemiesN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemies' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἸσραήλ: Israel, especially the surviving remnant purified after judgment.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμέσος: lexical item rendered 'midst' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ὄψῃyou will seeVF FMI2S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'you will see' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κακὰevil thingsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκακός: lexical item rendered 'evil things' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐκέτι: adverbial form rendered 'no longer' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
16
ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἐρεῖ κύριος τῇ Ιερουσαλημ θάρσει Σιων μὴ παρείσθωσαν αἱ χεῖρές σου
At that time the Lord will say to Jerusalem, Take courage, Zion; let not your hands hang slack.
The divine address turns directly pastoral. The city that once refused exhortation now receives it as strengthening comfort.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκεῖνος: pronominal form rendered 'that' here and used according to its local referential role in the oracle.
ἐρεῖwill sayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'will say' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἸερουσαλήμ: Jerusalem, both the rebellious city under indictment and the restored city summoned to rejoice.
θάρσειtake courageV2 PAD2S · θαρρέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθαρρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take courage' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ΣιωνΣιωνN VSF · Σιωνnominal or adjectival element functioning within the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredΣιων: Zion, the personified city of God's people, addressed here as the object of judgment turned to joy.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
παρείσθωσανgrow slackVM XMD3P · ἵημι + παραmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἵημι + παρα: verbal lexeme rendered 'grow slack' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
χεῖρέςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hands' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
17
κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἐν σοί δυνατὸς σώσει σε ἐπάξει ἐπὶ σὲ εὐφροσύνην καὶ καινιεῖ σε ἐν τῇ ἀγαπήσει αὐτοῦ καὶ εὐφρανθήσεται ἐπὶ σὲ ἐν τέρψει ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἑορτῆς
The Lord your God is in you, the Mighty One; he will save you, he will bring joy upon you, he will renew you in his love, and he will rejoice over you with delight as on a festival day.
This is the theological summit of the chapter. Salvation, renewed love, and divine joy converge in the Lord's personal presence with his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredθεός: 'God'; here the covenant God is named as personally present with Zion and active in salvation.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
σοίyouRP DS · σύpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
δυνατὸςmightyA1 NSM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδυνατός: lexical item rendered 'mighty' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
σώσειwill saveVF FAI3S · σώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσώζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'will save' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἐπάξειwill bringVF FAI3S · ἄγω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἄγω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'will bring' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
εὐφροσύνηνjoyN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεὐφροσύνη: lexical item rendered 'joy' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
καινιεῖwill renewVF2 FAI3S · καινίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαινίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'will renew' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἀγαπήσειloveN3I DSF · ἀγάπησιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἀγάπησις: lexical item rendered 'love' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'his' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
εὐφρανθήσεταιwill rejoiceVC FPI3S · εὐφραίνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεὐφραίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'will rejoice' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τέρψειdelightN3I DSF · τέρψιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτέρψις: lexical item rendered 'delight' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὡς: connective rendered 'like' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἑορτῆςfestivalN1 GSF · ἑορτήgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἑορτή: lexical item rendered 'festival' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
18
καὶ συνάξω τοὺς συντετριμμένους οὐαί τίς ἔλαβεν ἐπ' αὐτὴν ὀνειδισμόν
And I will gather the crushed. Alas, who has taken up reproach against her?
The promise turns toward those broken under public shame. Even the compressed wording keeps reproach in view as something the Lord will answer by gathering the afflicted.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
συνάξωI will gatherVF FAI1S · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἄγω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will gather' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
συντετριμμένουςthe crushedVP · χμπαπμ τρίβω + συνparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτρίβω + συν: verbal lexeme rendered 'the crushed' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
οὐαίalasI · οὐαίinterjection marking direct address or rhetorical force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredοὐαί: interjection rendered 'alas' here, heightening the prophetic tone of lament, summons, or declaration.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςpronominal element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτίς: pronominal form rendered 'who?' here and used according to its local referential role in the oracle.
ἔλαβενhas taken upVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλαμβάνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'has taken up' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐπί: prepositional lexeme rendered 'upon' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'her' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
ὀνειδισμόνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὀνειδισμός: lexical item rendered 'reproach' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
19
ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ποιῶ ἐν σοὶ ἕνεκεν σοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ λέγει κύριος καὶ σώσω τὴν ἐκπεπιεσμένην καὶ τὴν ἀπωσμένην εἰσδέξομαι καὶ θήσομαι αὐτοὺς εἰς καύχημα καὶ ὀνομαστοὺς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ
Behold, I am acting in you for your sake at that time, says the Lord; and I will save the oppressed one, and I will receive the one driven away, and I will make them a boast and renowned in all the earth.
The Lord's restoration is concrete: the downtrodden and expelled are explicitly named. Those once exposed to contempt will become the objects of public honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection marking direct address or rhetorical force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἰδού: interjection rendered 'behold' here, heightening the prophetic tone of lament, summons, or declaration.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'I' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
ποιῶI am actingV2 PAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'I am acting' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἕνεκεν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'for the sake of' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκεῖνος: pronominal form rendered 'that' here and used according to its local referential role in the oracle.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'says' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
σώσωI will saveVF FAI1S · σώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσώζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will save' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐκπεπιεσμένηνthe oppressed oneVM · χμπασφ πιέζω + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredπιέζω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'the oppressed one' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἀπωσμένηνthe driven-away oneVM · χμπασφ ὠθέω + ἀποparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὠθέω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'the driven-away one' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
εἰσδέξομαιI will receiveVF FMI1S · δέχομαι + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδέχομαι + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will receive' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
θήσομαιI will makeVF FMI1S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredτίθημι: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will make' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαὐτός: personal / intensive pronoun rendered 'them' here, marking the participant or possessive relation required by the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
καύχημαboastN3M ASN · καύχημαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαύχημα: lexical item rendered 'boast' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ὀνομαστοὺςrenownedA1 APM · ὀνομαστόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὀνομαστός: lexical item rendered 'renowned' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῇearthN1 DSF · γῆdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
20
καὶ καταισχυνθήσονται ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ὅταν καλῶς ὑμῖν ποιήσω καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ὅταν εἰσδέξωμαι ὑμᾶς διότι δώσω ὑμᾶς ὀνομαστοὺς καὶ εἰς καύχημα ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς λαοῖς τῆς γῆς ἐν τῷ ἐπιστρέφειν με τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν ὑμῶν ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν λέγει κύριος
And they shall be ashamed at that time, whenever I do well to you, and at the time when I receive you; for I will make you renowned and a boast among all the peoples of the earth when I restore your captivity before you, says the Lord.
The book closes with a public reversal of status. The nations witness the restoration, and the once-shamed people become a name of praise in the earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
καταισχυνθήσονταιthey will be ashamedVC FPI3P · αἰσχύνω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαἰσχύνω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'they will be ashamed' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐκεῖνος: pronominal form rendered 'that' here and used according to its local referential role in the oracle.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὅταν: adverbial form rendered 'when' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
καλῶςwellD · καλῶςadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαλῶς: adverbial form rendered 'well' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
ὑμῖνyouRP DP · σύpronominal dative complement within the clause or phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ποιήσωI doVA AAS1S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'I do' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial modifier of the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὅταν: adverbial form rendered 'when' here, shaping the clause's manner, time, degree, or rhetorical force.
εἰσδέξωμαιI receiveVA AMS1S · δέχομαι + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδέχομαι + εἰς: verbal lexeme rendered 'I receive' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδιότι: connective rendered 'because' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
δώσωI will makeVF FAI1S · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredδίδωμι: verbal lexeme rendered 'I will make' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'you' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ὀνομαστοὺςrenownedA1 APM · ὀνομαστόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὀνομαστός: lexical item rendered 'renowned' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses, phrases, or discourse steps→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαί: connective rendered 'and' here, linking clauses, phrases, or argumentative steps in Zephaniah 3.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredεἰς: prepositional lexeme rendered 'into' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
καύχημαboastN3M ASN · καύχημαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκαύχημα: lexical item rendered 'boast' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'all' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαοῖςpeoplesN2 DPM · λαόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλαός: lexical item rendered 'peoples' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restored: lexical item rendered 'earth' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐν: prepositional lexeme rendered 'in' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐπιστρέφεινto restoreV1 PAN · στρέφω + ἐπιinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary verbal action→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredστρέφω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'to restore' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐγώ: first-person pronoun rendered 'me' here, underscoring the Lord's own speech or action in the chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredὁ: Greek definite article marking the following substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαἰχμαλωσία: lexical item rendered 'captivity' here and interpreted according to its local prophetic and syntactic role in Zephaniah 3.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἐνώπιον: prepositional lexeme rendered 'before' here and marking the relation of its complement to the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal genitive marking possession or relation→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredσύ: second-person pronoun rendered 'your' here, marking direct address or participant reference in the oracle.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'says' here and used in the form demanded by the clause's immediate prophetic context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredκύριος: the Septuagint's usual rendering of the divine name יהוה; in Zephaniah 3 the Lord appears as righteous judge, warrior, king, and restorer in the midst of his people.