1
καὶ οὗτοι οἱ ἐλθόντες πρὸς Δαυιδ εἰς Σωκλαγ ἔτι συνεχομένου ἀπὸ προσώπου Σαουλ υἱοῦ Κις καὶ οὗτοι ἐν τοῖς δυνατοῖς βοηθοῦντες ἐν πολέμῳ
And these are the ones who came to David at Ziklag while he was still kept away from Saul son of Kish; and they were among the mighty men helping in war.
The chapter opens by locating David’s first circle in the fugitive years under Saul. What follows is not random military trivia but retrospective proof that David’s kingdom had been gathering loyal strength long before public enthronement.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθόντεςgoing / having goneVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνπμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΣωκλαγSoklagN ASM · Σωκλαγproper name within the list or clauseΣωκλαγ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
συνεχομένουsynechomenoyV1 · πμπγσμ ἔχω + συνparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπγσμ ἔχω + συν: meaning 'synechomenoy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΣαουλSaulN GSM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΚιςKishN GSM · Κιςproper name within the list or clauseΚις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνατοῖςmighty menA1 DPM · δυνατόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ mortality, daily joy, and fragile wisdomδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
βοηθοῦντεςboethontesV2 · παπνπμ βοηθέωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ βοηθέω: meaning 'boethontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πολέμῳwarN2 DSM · πόλεμοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
2
καὶ τόξῳ ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ ἀριστερῶν καὶ σφενδονῆται ἐν λίθοις καὶ τόξοις ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν Σαουλ ἐκ Βενιαμιν
They were armed with bows and could use both right hand and left with stones and arrows from the bow; they were of Saul’s kinsmen, from Benjamin.
The notice stresses ambidextrous skill, a mark of elite combat readiness. The irony is political as well as military: even men from Saul’s own tribe are beginning to stand with David.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόξῳbowN2N DSN · τόξονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δεξιῶνrightA1A GPM · δεξιόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀριστερῶνthe leftA1A GPM · ἀριστερόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ inherited wisdom and guarded pathsἀριστερός: meaning 'the left'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφενδονῆταιslingersN1M NPM · σφενδονήτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemσφενδονήτης: meaning 'slingers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λίθοιςstonesN2 DPM · λίθοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόξοιςbowN2N DPN · τόξονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ dative complement within the clauseτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΣαουλSaulN GSM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
3
ὁ ἄρχων Αχιεζερ καὶ Ιωας υἱὸς Ασμα τοῦ Γεβωθίτου καὶ Ιωηλ καὶ Ιωφαλητ υἱοὶ Ασμωθ καὶ Βερχια καὶ Ιηουλ ὁ Αναθωθι
The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash son of Shemaah the Gibeathite, and Jeiel and Pelet the sons of Azmaveth, and Beracah, and Jehu the Anathothite,
The prose collapses into archival naming. The list-form itself is part of the Chronicler’s argument: David’s rise is backed by identifiable persons and households, not by vague legend.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'leader'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑχιεζερAchiezerN NSM · Αχιεζερproper name within the list or clauseΑχιεζερ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Ιωαςof JoashN NSM · Ιωαςproper name within the list or clauseΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑσμαAsmaN GSM · Ασμαproper name within the list or clauseΑσμα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓεβωθίτουgebothitoyN1M GSM · Γεβωθίτηςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termΓεβωθίτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωηλIoelN NSM · Ιωηλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙωηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωφαλητIophaletN NSM · Ιωφαλητproper name within the list or clauseΙωφαλητ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑσμωθAsmothN NSM · Ασμωθproper name within the list or clauseΑσμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒερχιαBerchiaN NSM · Βερχιαproper name within the list or clauseΒερχια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙηουλIeoylN NSM · Ιηουλproper name within the list or clauseΙηουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑναθωθιAnathothiN NSM · Αναθωθιproper name within the list or clauseΑναθωθι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
4
καὶ Σαμαιας ὁ Γαβαωνίτης δυνατὸς ἐν τοῖς τριάκοντα καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα
and Shemaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the Thirty and over the Thirty,
Shemaiah is singled out by association with the elite Thirty. The effect is to heighten the prestige of those who attached themselves to David before the kingdom was secure.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμαιαςShemaiahN1T NSM · Σαμαιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΣαμαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαβαωνίτηςgabaonitesN1M NSM · Γαβαωνίτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΓαβαωνίτης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δυνατὸςmightyA1 NSM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
5
Ιερμιας καὶ Ιεζιηλ καὶ Ιωαναν καὶ Ιωζαβαδ ὁ Γαδαραθι
Jeremiah and Jahaziel and Johanan and Jozabad the Gederathite,
The terse accumulation of names maintains the documentary cadence of the roster. Each additional entry enlarges the sense of steady, widening adhesion to David.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ΙερμιαςIermiasN NSM · Ιερμιαςproper name within the list or clauseΙερμιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Ιεζιηλof IezielN NSM · Ιεζιηλproper name within the list or clauseΙεζιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωανανJoananN NSM · Ιωανανproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙωαναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωζαβαδIozabadN NSM · Ιωζαβαδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙωζαβαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαδαραθιGadarathiN NSM · Γαδαραθιproper name within the list or clauseΓαδαραθι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
6
Ελιαζαι καὶ Ιαριμουθ καὶ Βααλια καὶ Σαμαρια καὶ Σαφατια ὁ Χαραιφι
Eluzai and Jerimoth and Bealiah and Shemariah and Shephatiah the Haruphite,
The Chronicler continues to preserve these names as memory-bearing witnesses to the transfer of allegiance. The verse is purely enumerative, but not empty: it turns remembrance into legitimation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ΕλιαζαιEliazaiN NSM · Ελιαζαιproper name within the list or clauseΕλιαζαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαριμουθIarimoythN NSM · Ιαριμουθproper name within the list or clauseΙαριμουθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒααλιαBaaliaN NSM · Βααλιαproper name within the list or clauseΒααλια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμαριαSamariaN NSM · Σαμαριαproper name within the list or clauseΣαμαρια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαφατιαSaphatiaN NSM · Σαφατιαproper name within the list or clauseΣαφατια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαραιφιCharaiphiN NSM · Χαραιφιproper name within the list or clauseΧαραιφι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
7
Ηλκανα καὶ Ιησουνι καὶ Οζριηλ καὶ Ιωαζαρ καὶ Ιεσβοαμ οἱ Κορῖται
Elkanah and Isshiah and Azarel and Joezer and Jashobeam, the Korahites,
The clan marker at the end anchors the individual names in a corporate lineage. Chronicles often cares about such affiliations because public roles are rarely detached from house and ancestry.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ΗλκαναElkanaN NSM · Ηλκαναproper name within the list or clauseΗλκανα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙησουνιIesoyniN NSM · Ιησουνιproper name within the list or clauseΙησουνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟζριηλOzrielN NSM · Οζριηλproper name within the list or clauseΟζριηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωαζαρIoazarN NSM · Ιωαζαρproper name within the list or clauseΙωαζαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙεσβοαμIesboamN NSM · Ιεσβοαμproper name within the list or clauseΙεσβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚορῖταιKoritesN1M NPM · Κορίτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΚορῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
8
καὶ Ελια καὶ Ζαβαδια υἱοὶ Ιρααμ υἱοὶ τοῦ γεδωρ
and Joelah and Zebadiah, sons of Jeroham, from Gedor.
The list narrows to a filial formula and place association. Even in compressed form, the verse keeps David’s early support socially textured rather than anonymous.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιαEliaN NSM · Ελιαproper name within the list or clauseΕλια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβαδιαZabadiaN NSM · Ζαβαδιαproper name within the list or clauseΖαβαδια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙρααμIraamN GSM · Ιρααμproper name within the list or clauseΙρααμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεδωρgedorN GSM · γεδωρlexical item contributing to the clause or listγεδωρ: meaning 'gedor'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
9
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Γαδδι ἐχωρίσθησαν πρὸς Δαυιδ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐρήμου ἰσχυροὶ δυνατοὶ ἄνδρες παρατάξεως πολέμου αἴροντες θυρεοὺς καὶ δόρατα καὶ πρόσωπον λέοντος πρόσωπα αὐτῶν καὶ κοῦφοι ὡς δορκάδες ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων τῷ τάχει
And from the Gadites there separated themselves to David at the stronghold in the wilderness mighty warriors, men of battle fit for war, bearing shield and spear, whose faces were like lions’ faces and who were swift as gazelles upon the mountains.
A new contingent enters, and the style becomes vividly heroic. Simile and military description elevate these Gadites into almost epic figures, fitting the chapter’s rhetoric of providentially assembled strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαδδιGaddiN GSM · Γαδδιproper name within the list or clauseΓαδδι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐχωρίσθησανechoristhesanVSI API3P · χωρίζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionχωρίζω: meaning 'echoristhesan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμουwildernessN2 GSF · ἔρημοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἰσχυροὶmighty ones / warriorsA1A NPM · ἰσχυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δυνατοὶmighty menA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
παρατάξεωςbattle-lineN3I GSF · παράταξιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle-line'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αἴροντεςbearingV1 · παπνπμ αἴρωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ αἴρω: meaning 'bearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
θυρεοὺςthyreoysN3E APM · θυρεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθυρεός: meaning 'thyreoys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόραταspearsN3 APN · δόρυaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationδόρυ: meaning 'spears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
λέοντοςof a lionN3 GSM · λέωνgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'of a lion'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
πρόσωπαfacesN2N NPN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοῦφοιswift / lightA1 NPM · κοῦφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκοῦφος: meaning 'swift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δορκάδεςdorkadesN3D NPF · δορκάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδορκάς: meaning 'dorkades'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρέωνmountainsN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τάχειquicklyA3U DSM · ταχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceταχύς: meaning 'quickly'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
10
Αζερ ὁ ἄρχων Αβδια ὁ δεύτερος Ελιαβ ὁ τρίτος
Ezer the chief, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third,
The numerical ordering turns the Gadite roster into a disciplined command structure. The chapter is interested not merely in courage but in organized capacity for rule and war.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ΑζερAzerN NSM · Αζερproper name within the list or clauseΑζερ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'leader'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑβδιαAbdiaN NSM · Αβδιαproper name within the list or clauseΑβδια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτεροςsecondA1A NSM · δεύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΕλιαβEliabN NSM · Ελιαβproper name within the list or clauseΕλιαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτοςthirdA1 NSM · τρίτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
11
Μασεμαννη ὁ τέταρτος Ιερμια ὁ πέμπτος
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
The continued ordinal pattern gives the list a formal cadence. The Chronicler preserves hierarchy as well as headcount.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΜασεμαννηMasemanneN NSM · Μασεμαννηproper name within the list or clauseΜασεμαννη: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέταρτοςfourthA1 NSM · τέταρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceτέταρτος: meaning 'fourth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙερμιαIermiaN NSM · Ιερμιαproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερμια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέμπτοςfifthA1 NSM · πέμπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπέμπτος: meaning 'fifth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
12
Εθθι ὁ ἕκτος Ελιαβ ὁ ἕβδομος
Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,
The names proceed without narrative expansion, but the ordinal sequence keeps the emphasis on ordered leadership. David’s support is portrayed as disciplined, not chaotic.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΕθθιIttaiN NSM · Εθθιproper name within the list or clauseΕθθι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕκτοςsixthA1 NSM · ἕκτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἕκτος: meaning 'sixth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΕλιαβEliabN NSM · Ελιαβproper name within the list or clauseΕλιαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕβδομοςseventhA1 NSM · ἕβδομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἕβδομος: meaning 'seventh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
13
Ιωαναν ὁ ὄγδοος Ελιαζερ ὁ ἔνατος
Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,
The sparse form continues the archival feel of the roster. The point is cumulative credibility: these are counted leaders, not romanticized shadows.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΙωανανJoananN NSM · Ιωανανproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙωαναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄγδοοςeighthA1 NSM · ὄγδοοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemὄγδοος: meaning 'eighth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΕλιαζερEliazerN NSM · Ελιαζερproper name within the list or clauseΕλιαζερ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνατοςninthA1 NSM · ἔνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἔνατος: meaning 'ninth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
14
Ιερμια ὁ δέκατος Μαχαβανναι ὁ ἑνδέκατος
Jeremiah the tenth, Machbannai the eleventh.
The enumeration reaches its end with a sense of fullness. The Gadite section has displayed both prowess and internal order, two features essential to the Chronicler’s portrait of Davidic consolidation.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΙερμιαIermiaN NSM · Ιερμιαproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερμια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέκατοςdekatosA1 NSM · δέκατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδέκατος: meaning 'dekatos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΜαχαβανναιMachabannaiN NSM · Μαχαβανναιproper name within the list or clauseΜαχαβανναι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνδέκατοςhendekatosA1 NSM · ἑνδέκατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἑνδέκατος: meaning 'hendekatos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
15
οὗτοι ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Γαδ ἄρχοντες τῆς στρατιᾶς εἷς τοῖς ἑκατὸν μικρὸς καὶ μέγας τοῖς χιλίοις
These of the sons of Gad were commanders of the army; the least was a match for a hundred, and the greatest for a thousand.
The hyperbolic comparison underscores extraordinary effectiveness. The Chronicler’s rhetoric is not statistical precision alone but magnified testimony to the quality of those who rallied to David.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΓαδGadN GSM · Γαδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατιᾶςarmyN1A GSF · στρατιάgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termστρατιά: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ measure or countεἷς: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
μικρὸςsmall / insignificantA1A NSM · μικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ curse of birth and longing for deathμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλίοιςthousandA1A DPM · χίλιοιdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
16
οὗτοι οἱ διαβάντες τὸν Ιορδάνην ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ πρώτῳ καὶ οὗτος πεπληρωκὼς ἐπὶ πᾶσαν κρηπῖδα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξεδίωξαν πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας αὐλῶνας ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἕως δυσμῶν
These are the ones who crossed the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflowed all its banks, and they put to flight all those dwelling in the valleys, to the east and to the west.
The Jordan-crossing motif echoes older Israelite memory while displaying daring initiative. Overflow conditions heighten the exploit and suggest that David’s supporters share the boldness associated with sacred history.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβάντεςhaving crossedVZ · ααπνπμ βαίνω + διαparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνπμ βαίνω + δια: meaning 'having crossed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηνJordanN1M ASM · Ἰορδάνηςaccusative element functioning as object or goalΙορδάνην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτῳfirstA1 DSMS · πρῶτοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
πεπληρωκὼςpeplerokosVX XAI3S · πληρόωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπληρόω: meaning 'peplerokos'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κρηπῖδαbank / edgeN3D ASF · κρηπίςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκρηπίς: meaning 'bank'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεδίωξανdioko + ekVAI AAI3P · διώκω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδιώκω + ἐκ: meaning 'dioko + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
αὐλῶναςaulonasN3W APM · αὐλώνaccusative element functioning as object or goalαὐλών: meaning 'aulonas'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'the east'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἕωςuntil/as far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δυσμῶνsettingN1 GPF · δυσμήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationδυσμή: meaning 'setting'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
17
καὶ ἦλθον ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Βενιαμιν καὶ Ιουδα εἰς βοήθειαν τοῦ Δαυιδ
And some from the sons of Benjamin and Judah came to David for help.
The narrative shifts from list to encounter. Benjamin and Judah together foreshadow the chapter’s larger theme that the kingdom comes to David through widening, cross-tribal consent.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονcameVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
βοήθειανhelp / aidN1A ASF · βοήθειαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
18
καὶ Δαυιδ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς ἀπάντησιν αὐτῶν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς εἰ εἰς εἰρήνην ἥκατε πρός με εἴη μοι καρδία καθ' ἑαυτὴν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς καὶ εἰ τοῦ παραδοῦναί με τοῖς ἐχθροῖς μου οὐκ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ χειρός ἴδοι ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν καὶ ἐλέγξαιτο
And David went out to meet them and said to them, “If you have come to me in peace to help me, my heart shall be joined to you; but if to betray me to my enemies, though there is no violence in my hands, may the God of our fathers see and rebuke.”
David’s speech is politically prudent and theologically framed. He receives help gladly, but he places the whole matter under the scrutiny of the ancestral God, making loyalty a moral as well as strategic issue.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀπάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · ἀπάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀπάντησις: meaning 'meeting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἥκατεyou have comeV1 PAI2P · ἥκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressἥκω: meaning 'you have come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἴηwere / would beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἑαυτὴνherselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complementἑαυτὴν: meaning 'herself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδοῦναίto hand overVO AAN · δίδωμι + παραinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροῖςenemiesN2 DPM · ἐχθρόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀληθείᾳtruthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἴδοιmight seeVB AAO3S · ὁράωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'might see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγξαιτοelegxaitoVA AMO3S · ἐλέγχωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἐλέγχω: meaning 'elegxaito'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
19
καὶ πνεῦμα ἐνέδυσε τὸν Αμασαι ἄρχοντα τῶν τριάκοντα καὶ εἶπεν πορεύου καὶ ὁ λαός σου Δαυιδ υἱὸς Ιεσσαι εἰρήνη εἰρήνη σοι καὶ εἰρήνη τοῖς βοηθοῖς σου ὅτι ἐβοήθησέν σοι ὁ θεός σου καὶ προσεδέξατο αὐτοὺς Δαυιδ καὶ κατέστησεν αὐτοὺς ἄρχοντας τῶν δυνάμεων
Then the Spirit clothed Amasai, chief of the Thirty, and he said, “We are yours, David, and with you, son of Jesse. Peace, peace to you, and peace to your helpers, for your God helps you.” So David received them and made them chiefs of the troops.
This is one of the theological high points of the chapter. Human allegiance is explicitly sealed by divine inspiration, so David’s growing support is presented not merely as successful politics but as Spirit-backed recognition.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνέδυσεenedyseVAI AAI3S · δύω + ἐνmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδύω + ἐν: meaning 'enedyse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμασαιAmasaiN ASM · Αμασαιproper name within the list or clauseΑμασαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἄρχονταcommanderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πορεύουgoV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙεσσαιJesseN GSM · Ιεσσαιproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙεσσαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοηθοῖςboethosN2 DPM · βοηθόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentβοηθός: meaning 'boethos'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβοήθησένhelpedVAI AAI3S · βοηθέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: meaning 'helped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεδέξατοprosedexatoVAI AMI3S · δέχομαι + προςmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'prosedexato'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστησενappointed / setVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἄρχονταςcommandersN3 APM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commanders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνof hosts / of powersN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'of hosts'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
20
καὶ ἀπὸ Μανασση προσεχώρησαν πρὸς Δαυιδ ἐν τῷ ἐλθεῖν τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους ἐπὶ Σαουλ εἰς πόλεμον καὶ οὐκ ἐβοήθησεν αὐτοῖς ὅτι ἐν βουλῇ ἐγένετο παρὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν τῶν ἀλλοφύλων λεγόντων ἐν ταῖς κεφαλαῖς τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων ἐπιστρέψει πρὸς τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ Σαουλ
And from Manasseh some defected to David when he came with the Philistines against Saul for battle; yet they did not help them, for by counsel the commanders of the Philistines sent him away, saying, “At the cost of our heads he will turn back to his master Saul.”
The verse recalls the tense setting of David’s dismissal by the Philistine commanders. Even there, support continues to peel away from Saul’s side and attach itself to David’s future.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
προσεχώρησανprosechoresanVAI AAI3P · χωρέω + προςmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeχωρέω + προς: meaning 'prosechoresan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοφύλουςPhilistinesA1B APM · ἀλλόφυλοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'Philistines'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΣαουλSaulN ASM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clauseΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐβοήθησενhas helpedVAI AAI3S · βοηθέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: meaning 'has helped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
βουλῇboylN1 DSF · βουλήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceβουλή: meaning 'boyl'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
παρὰfrom/besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγῶνstrategonN2 GPM · στρατηγόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'strategon'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοφύλωνPhilistinesN2 GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'Philistines'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
λεγόντωνsayingV1 · παπγπμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπγπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλαῖςheadsN1 DPF · κεφαλήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceκεφαλή: meaning 'heads'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of men'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐκείνωνthoseRD GPM · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationἐκείνων: meaning 'those'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπιστρέψειshall bring backVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall bring back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονthe LORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'the LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΣαουλSaulN NSM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
21
ἐν τῷ πορευθῆναι αὐτὸν εἰς Σωκλαγ προσεχώρησαν αὐτῷ ἀπὸ Μανασση Εδνα καὶ Ιωζαβαθ καὶ Ιωδιηλ καὶ Μιχαηλ καὶ Ιωσαβεθ καὶ Ελιμουθ καὶ Σελαθι ἀρχηγοὶ χιλιάδων εἰσὶν τοῦ Μανασση
As he went to Ziklag, from Manasseh there defected to him Adnah and Jozabad and Jediael and Michael and Jozabad and Elihu and Zillethai, chiefs of thousands in Manasseh.
The list resumes, now with explicit military rank. Their status as chiefs of thousands shows that David’s appeal reaches into substantial structures of tribal authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορευθῆναιto goVC APN · πορεύομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΣωκλαγSoklagN ASM · Σωκλαγproper name within the list or clauseΣωκλαγ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
προσεχώρησανprosechoresanVAI AAI3P · χωρέω + προςmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeχωρέω + προς: meaning 'prosechoresan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ΕδναEdnaN NSM · Εδναproper name within the list or clauseΕδνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωζαβαθIozabathN NSM · Ιωζαβαθproper name within the list or clauseΙωζαβαθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωδιηλIodielN NSM · Ιωδιηλproper name within the list or clauseΙωδιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜιχαηλMichaelN NSM · Μιχαηλproper name within the list or clause→ participantΜιχαηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωσαβεθIosabethN NSM · Ιωσαβεθproper name within the list or clauseΙωσαβεθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιμουθElimoythN NSM · Ελιμουθproper name within the list or clauseΕλιμουθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣελαθιSelathiN NSM · Σελαθιproper name within the list or clauseΣελαθι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἀρχηγοὶchiefsN2 NPM · ἀρχηγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀρχηγός: meaning 'chiefs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
χιλιάδωνthousandsN3D GPF · χιλιάςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
εἰσὶνthere areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
22
καὶ αὐτοὶ συνεμάχησαν τῷ Δαυιδ ἐπὶ τὸν γεδδουρ ὅτι δυνατοὶ ἰσχύος πάντες καὶ ἦσαν ἡγούμενοι ἐν τῇ στρατιᾷ ἐν τῇ δυνάμει
And they also helped David against the raiding band, for they were all mighty men of valor and became commanders in the army.
The newcomers are not symbolic adherents only; they become effective agents within David’s fighting force. The movement from arrival to command accelerates the sense of inevitable consolidation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
συνεμάχησανsynemachesanVAI AAI3P · μαχέομαι + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeμαχέομαι + συν: meaning 'synemachesan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεδδουρraiding bandN ASM · γεδδουρlexical item contributing to the clause or listγεδδουρ: meaning 'raiding band'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνατοὶmighty menA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἡγούμενοιleading / captainsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leading'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατιᾷarmyN1A DSF · στρατιάdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceστρατιά: meaning 'army'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'army'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
23
ὅτι ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ἤρχοντο πρὸς Δαυιδ εἰς δύναμιν μεγάλην ὡς δύναμις θεοῦ
For day by day men kept coming to David to help him, until there was a great army, like an army of God.
The verse interprets the preceding notices as a sustained process. “Like an army of God” is rhetorically expansive language, presenting David’s gathered force as overwhelming, ordered, and providentially favored.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἤρχοντοwas comingV1I IMI3P · ἄρχωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἄρχω: meaning 'was coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δύναμινarmy / forceN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'army'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'host'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
24
καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀρχόντων τῆς στρατιᾶς οἱ ἐλθόντες πρὸς Δαυιδ εἰς Χεβρων τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι τὴν βασιλείαν Σαουλ πρὸς αὐτὸν κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου
And these are the numbers of the heads of those armed for war who came to David at Hebron to turn Saul’s kingdom over to him, according to the word of the LORD.
The chapter now shifts from early adherents to the national mustering at Hebron. The transfer of rule is explicitly tied to the word of the LORD, so political succession is narrated as fulfillment rather than usurpation.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseRD APN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesN3M APN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'names'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχόντωνprincesN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'princes'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατιᾶςarmyN1A GSF · στρατιάgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termστρατιά: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθόντεςgoing / having goneVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνπμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΧεβρωνHebronN ASF · Χεβρωνproper name within the list or clauseΧεβρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστρέψαιto returnVA AAN · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'to return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΣαουλSaulN ASM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clauseΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κατὰaccording to/againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
25
υἱοὶ Ιουδα θυρεοφόροι καὶ δορατοφόροι ἓξ χιλιάδες καὶ ὀκτακόσιοι δυνατοὶ παρατάξεως
The sons of Judah bearing shield and spear were six thousand eight hundred, armed for battle.
Judah, David’s own tribe, is listed first with military equipment foregrounded. The roster begins from the expected center and then widens outward to all Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
θυρεοφόροιthyreophoroiN2 NPM · θυρεοφόροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemθυρεοφόρος: meaning 'thyreophoroi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δορατοφόροιdoratophoroiN2 NPM · δορατοφόροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδορατοφόρος: meaning 'doratophoroi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἓξsixM · ἕξlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἕξ: meaning 'six'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτακόσιοιoktakosioiN2 NPM · ὀκτακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemὀκτακόσιοι: meaning 'oktakosioi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δυνατοὶmighty menA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
παρατάξεωςbattle-lineN3I GSF · παράταξιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle-line'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
26
τῶν υἱῶν Συμεων δυνατοὶ ἰσχύος εἰς παράταξιν ἑπτὰ χιλιάδες καὶ ἑκατόν
Of the sons of Simeon, mighty men of valor for war, seven thousand one hundred.
The pattern of tribal enumeration settles in: tribe, quality, number. The repetitive structure emphasizes breadth of consent through orderly accumulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΣυμεωνSimeonN GSM · Συμεωνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
δυνατοὶmighty menA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παράταξινbattleN3I ASF · παράταξιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτὰ: meaning 'seven'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑκατόνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατόν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
27
τῶν υἱῶν Λευι τετρακισχίλιοι ἑξακόσιοι
Of the sons of Levi, four thousand six hundred.
Levi’s presence signals that David’s enthronement has cultic as well as military resonance. Even a brief numerical notice contributes to the portrait of total communal participation.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
Λευιof LeviN GSM · Λευίproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΛευι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τετρακισχίλιοιtetrakischilioiN2 NPM · τετρακισχίλιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemτετρακισχίλιοι: meaning 'tetrakischilioi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredA1A NPM · ἑξακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: meaning 'six hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
28
καὶ Ιωαδαε ὁ ἡγούμενος τῷ Ααρων καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ τρεῖς χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι
And Jehoiada, the leader of the house of Aaron, and with him three thousand seven hundred.
The focus narrows momentarily from tribe to priestly house. The Chronicler is careful to show that the institutions of worship stand inside, not outside, the movement toward David.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωαδαεIoadaeN NSM · Ιωαδαεproper name within the list or clauseΙωαδαε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγούμενοςa prince / leaderV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνσμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'a prince'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑαρωνAaronN DSM · Ἀαρώνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPF · τρεῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredA1 NPM · ἑπτακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: meaning 'seven hundred'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
29
καὶ Σαδωκ νέος δυνατὸς ἰσχύι καὶ τῆς πατρικῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ ἄρχοντες εἴκοσι δύο
And Zadok, a young man mighty in strength, and from his father’s house twenty-two commanders.
Zadok’s youth is mentioned together with strength and family leadership. The brief note foreshadows the prominence that Zadokite priesthood will hold in the Chronicler’s wider world.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαδωκZadokN NSM · Σαδωκproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΣαδωκ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
νέοςyoungA1A NSM · νέοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceνέος: meaning 'young'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δυνατὸςmightyA1 NSM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρικῆςpatrikesA1 GSF · πατρικόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατρικός: meaning 'patrikes'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δύοtwoM · δύοlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
30
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Βενιαμιν τῶν ἀδελφῶν Σαουλ τρεῖς χιλιάδες καὶ ἔτι τὸ πλεῖστον αὐτῶν ἀπεσκόπει τὴν φυλακὴν οἴκου Σαουλ
And from the sons of Benjamin, Saul’s kinsmen, three thousand; and until then most of them had kept watch over the house of Saul.
The Chronicler acknowledges that Benjamin had strong reasons to remain with Saul. Precisely for that reason, their presence here is politically weighty: even Saul’s tribe is no longer a barrier to David’s accession.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΣαουλSaulN GSM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPF · τρεῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλεῖστονplestonA1 ASMS · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'pleston'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπεσκόπειapeskopeiV2I IAI3S · σκοπέω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionσκοπέω + ἀπο: meaning 'apeskopei'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὴνcharge / watchN1 ASF · φυλακήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationφυλακή: meaning 'charge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΣαουλSaulN GSM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
31
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Εφραιμ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες καὶ ὀκτακόσιοι δυνατοὶ ἰσχύι ἄνδρες ὀνομαστοὶ κατ' οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν
And from the sons of Ephraim, twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valor, famous men by their fathers’ houses.
Ephraim’s men are characterized by both prowess and reputation. The verse broadens the legitimacy of David’s kingship into regions later associated with northern strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτακόσιοιoktakosioiN2 NPM · ὀκτακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemὀκτακόσιοι: meaning 'oktakosioi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δυνατοὶmighty menA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὀνομαστοὶonomastoiA1 NPM · ὀνομαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceὀνομαστός: meaning 'onomastoi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralN1A GPF · πατριάgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατριά: meaning 'of fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
32
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους φυλῆς Μανασση δέκα ὀκτὼ χιλιάδες οἳ ὠνομάσθησαν ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ βασιλεῦσαι τὸν Δαυιδ
And from half the tribe of Manasseh, eighteen thousand, who had been expressly designated by name to come and make David king.
The note that they were named in advance suggests formal deliberation rather than spontaneous enthusiasm. David’s enthronement appears as an organized, intentional act across the tribes.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfA3U GSF · ἥμισυςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἥμισυς: meaning 'half'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὀκτὼeightM · ὀκτώlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτὼ: meaning 'eight'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ὠνομάσθησανonomasthesanVCI API3P · ὀνομάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionὀνομάζω: meaning 'onomasthesan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: meaning 'to make king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
33
καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ισσαχαρ γινώσκοντες σύνεσιν εἰς τοὺς καιρούς γινώσκοντες τί ποιήσαι Ισραηλ εἰς τὰς ἀρχὰς αὐτῶν διακόσιοι καὶ πάντες ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν μετ' αὐτῶν
And from the sons of Issachar, men who understood discernment for the times, to know what Israel ought to do: two hundred chiefs, and all their brothers were under their command.
This is the most famous characterization in the chapter. Chronicles values not only martial strength but wise perception of the historical moment, making discernment itself a mode of covenantal service.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσσαχαρIssacharN GSM · Ισσαχαρproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
γινώσκοντεςknowingV1 · παπνπμ γιγνώσκωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ γιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρούςappointed timesN2 APM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed times'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
γινώσκοντεςknowingV1 · παπνπμ γιγνώσκωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ γιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ποιήσαιmay he doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'may he do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχὰςdominionsN1 APF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredA1A NPM · διακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδιακόσιοι: meaning 'two hundred'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
34
καὶ ἀπὸ Ζαβουλων ἐκπορευόμενοι εἰς παράταξιν πολέμου ἐν πᾶσιν σκεύεσιν πολεμικοῖς πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες βοηθῆσαι τῷ Δαυιδ οὐχ ἑτεροκλινῶς
And from Zebulun, those going out in battle array, equipped with every weapon of war, fifty thousand, to help David without a divided heart.
The closing phrase is theologically and politically important: they come “not with a divided heart.” The chapter’s deeper concern is not headcount alone but inward unanimity.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunN GSM · Ζαβουλωνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐκπορευόμενοιgoing out / projectingV1 · πμπνπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'going out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παράταξινbattleN3I ASF · παράταξιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
σκεύεσινbaggageN3E DPN · σκεῦοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceσκεῦος: meaning 'baggage'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
πολεμικοῖςpolemikosA1 DPM · πολεμικόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπολεμικός: meaning 'polemikos'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastπεντήκοντα: meaning 'fifty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
βοηθῆσαιto helpVA AAN · βοηθέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: meaning 'to help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἑτεροκλινῶςheteroklinosD · ἑτεροκλινῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseἑτεροκλινῶς: meaning 'heteroklinos'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
35
καὶ ἀπὸ Νεφθαλι ἄρχοντες χίλιοι καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν ἐν θυρεοῖς καὶ δόρασιν τριάκοντα ἑπτὰ χιλιάδες
And from Naphtali, one thousand commanders, and with them, with shield and spear, thirty-seven thousand.
Naphtali’s commanders and heavily armed men continue the northward widening of support. The list keeps showing that David’s kingdom draws in distant tribal energies.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliN GSM · Νεφθαλιproper name within the list or clause→ clausal contributionΝεφθαλι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
χίλιοιthousandA1A NPM · χίλιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ measure or countχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θυρεοῖςthyreosN3E DPM · θυρεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθυρεός: meaning 'thyreos'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόρασινdorasinN3 DPN · δόρυdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentδόρυ: meaning 'dorasin'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτὰ: meaning 'seven'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
36
καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Δανιτῶν παρατασσόμενοι εἰς πόλεμον εἴκοσι ὀκτὼ χιλιάδες καὶ ὀκτακόσιοι
And from the Danites, twenty-eight thousand six hundred, ready for battle.
The formula remains spare but cumulative. Every tribe named further erodes any sense that David’s enthronement is merely local or sectarian.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔανιτῶνDanitonN GSM · Δανιτῶνproper name within the list or clauseΔανιτῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
παρατασσόμενοιparatassomenoiV1 · πμπνπμ τάσσω + παραparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνπμ τάσσω + παρα: meaning 'paratassomenoi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὀκτὼeightM · ὀκτώlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτὼ: meaning 'eight'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτακόσιοιoktakosioiN2 NPM · ὀκτακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemὀκτακόσιοι: meaning 'oktakosioi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
37
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ασηρ ἐκπορευόμενοι βοηθῆσαι εἰς πόλεμον τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες
And from Asher, forty thousand going out to help in war.
Asher’s contribution is phrased in terms of readiness to help. The repeated helping-language echoes the chapter’s early depiction of David’s supporters and binds the whole narrative together.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσηρAsherN GSM · Ασηρproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΑσηρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐκπορευόμενοιgoing out / projectingV1 · πμπνπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'going out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
βοηθῆσαιto helpVA AAN · βοηθέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: meaning 'to help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τεσσαράκονταfortyA · τεσσαράκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or listτεσσαράκοντα: meaning 'forty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
38
καὶ ἐκ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ἀπὸ Ρουβην καὶ Γαδδι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους φυλῆς Μανασση ἐν πᾶσιν σκεύεσιν πολεμικοῖς ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι χιλιάδες
And from beyond the Jordan, from Reuben and Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh, with every weapon of war, one hundred twenty thousand.
The final geographical sweep reaches beyond the Jordan, completing the chapter’s pan-Israelite frame. The kingdom is shown as recognized from frontier to frontier.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πέρανbeyondP · πέρανpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπέραν: meaning 'beyond'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanN1M GSM · Ἰορδάνηςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΙορδάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΡουβηνReubenN GSM · Ρουβηνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΓαδδιGaddiN GSM · Γαδδιproper name within the list or clauseΓαδδι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfA3U GSF · ἥμισυςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἥμισυς: meaning 'half'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
σκεύεσινbaggageN3E DPN · σκεῦοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceσκεῦος: meaning 'baggage'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
πολεμικοῖςpolemikosA1 DPM · πολεμικόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπολεμικός: meaning 'polemikos'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
39
πάντες οὗτοι ἄνδρες πολεμισταὶ παρατασσόμενοι παράταξιν ἐν ψυχῇ εἰρηνικῇ καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Χεβρων τοῦ βασιλεῦσαι τὸν Δαυιδ ἐπὶ πάντα Ισραηλ καὶ ὁ κατάλοιπος Ισραηλ ψυχὴ μία τοῦ βασιλεῦσαι τὸν Δαυιδ
All these were men of war, arraying battle line with a whole and peaceable heart, and they came to Hebron to make David king over all Israel; and all the rest of Israel also were of one heart to make David king.
The lists now receive their theological interpretation. The crucial phrase is not simply “men of war” but “one heart”: the transfer of rule is narrated as unified national will under providential direction.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολεμισταὶwarriors / fighting menN1 NPM · πολεμιστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπολεμιστής: meaning 'warriors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
παρατασσόμενοιparatassomenoiV1 · πμπνπμ τάσσω + παραparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνπμ τάσσω + παρα: meaning 'paratassomenoi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
παράταξινbattleN3I ASF · παράταξιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
εἰρηνικῇeirenikA1 DSF · εἰρηνικόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentεἰρηνικός: meaning 'eirenik'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονcameVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΧεβρωνHebronN ASF · Χεβρωνproper name within the list or clauseΧεβρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: meaning 'to make king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλοιποςkataloiposA1B NSM · κατάλοιποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemκατάλοιπος: meaning 'kataloipos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μίαoneA1A APN · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object or goalμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: meaning 'to make king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
40
καὶ ἦσαν ἐκεῖ ἡμέρας τρεῖς ἐσθίοντες καὶ πίνοντες ὅτι ἡτοίμασαν αὐτοῖς οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν
And they were there three days, eating and drinking, because their brothers had prepared for them.
After muster and acclamation comes table fellowship. The meal turns political transition into enacted communion, showing that David’s kingship is publicly celebrated, not reluctantly tolerated.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐσθίοντεςeatingV1 · παπνπμ ἐσθίωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ ἐσθίω: meaning 'eating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίνοντεςdrinkingV1 · παπνπμ πίνωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ πίνω: meaning 'drinking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡτοίμασανpreparedVAI AAI3P · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
41
καὶ οἱ ὁμοροῦντες αὐτοῖς ἕως Ισσαχαρ καὶ Ζαβουλων καὶ Νεφθαλι ἔφερον αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν καμήλων καὶ τῶν ὄνων καὶ τῶν ἡμιόνων καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν μόσχων βρώματα ἄλευρα παλάθας σταφίδας οἶνον καὶ ἔλαιον μόσχους καὶ πρόβατα εἰς πλῆθος ὅτι εὐφροσύνη ἐν Ισραηλ
And those living near them, as far as Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, were bringing them provisions on camels and donkeys and mules and oxen: meal, fig-cakes, raisin-cakes, wine, and oil, oxen and sheep in abundance; for there was joy in Israel.
The chapter ends in material plenty and corporate gladness. Food-bearing neighbors embody the social fact of unity, so the enthronement of David is remembered not only as a military-political event but as a feast of shared joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁμοροῦντεςhomorontesV2 · παπνπμ ὁμορέωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ ὁμορέω: meaning 'homorontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἕωςuntil/as far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙσσαχαρIssacharN GSM · Ισσαχαρproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunN GSM · Ζαβουλωνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliN GSM · Νεφθαλιproper name within the list or clause→ clausal contributionΝεφθαλι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἔφερονwere bringingV1I IAI3P · φέρωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionφέρω: meaning 'were bringing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμήλωνcamelsN2 GPM · κάμηλοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκάμηλος: meaning 'camels'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνωνof donkeysN2 GPM · ὄνοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationὄνος: meaning 'of donkeys'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμιόνωνof mulesN2 GPM · ἡμίονοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμίονος: meaning 'of mules'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχωνof the bullsN2 GPM · μόσχοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionμόσχος: meaning 'of the bulls'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
βρώματαfoodN3M APN · βρῶμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἄλευραflourN2N APN · ἄλευρονaccusative element functioning as object or goalἄλευρον: meaning 'flour'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
παλάθαςcakes of figsN1 APF · παλάθηςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπαλάθης: meaning 'cakes of figs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σταφίδαςstaphidasN3D APF · σταφίςaccusative element functioning as object or goalσταφίς: meaning 'staphidas'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μόσχουςbull-calvesN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationμόσχος: meaning 'bull-calves'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφροσύνηeuphrosyneN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'euphrosyne'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.