1
καὶ ἐβουλεύσατο Δαυιδ μετὰ τῶν χιλιάρχων καὶ τῶν ἑκατοντάρχων παντὶ ἡγουμένῳ
And David took counsel with the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, with every leader.
The opening gesture is collegial and public. David’s desire to bring the ark is framed from the outset as a matter for communal deliberation, not private royal impulse.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionβουλεύω: meaning 'took counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλιάρχωνcommanders of thousandsN2 GPM · χιλίαρχοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termχιλίαρχος: meaning 'commanders of thousands'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατοντάρχωνcommanders of hundredsN2 GPM · ἑκατόνταρχοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἑκατόνταρχος: meaning 'commanders of hundreds'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἡγουμένῳhegoymenV2 · πμπδσμ ἡγέομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπδσμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'hegoymen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
2
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ τῇ πάσῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ Ισραηλ εἰ ἐφ' ὑμῖν ἀγαθὸν καὶ παρὰ κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν εὐοδωθῇ ἀποστείλωμεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἡμῶν τοὺς ὑπολελειμμένους ἐν πάσῃ γῇ Ισραηλ καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ Λευῖται ἐν πόλεσιν κατασχέσεως αὐτῶν καὶ συναχθήσονται πρὸς ἡμᾶς
And David said to all the assembly of Israel, “If it seems good to you, and if it be prospered from the LORD our God, let us send to our brothers who remain in all the land of Israel, and with them to the priests and the Levites in the cities of their possession, and let them gather to us.”
David carefully binds popular approval and divine favor together. The proposal is expansive, summoning not only laity but priests and Levites, so that the ark-translation will be a matter for all Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐκκλησίᾳassemblyN1A DSF · ἐκκλησίαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰfrom/besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εὐοδωθῇeuodothVC APS3S · εὐοδόωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionεὐοδόω: meaning 'euodoth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀποστείλωμενlet us sendVA AAS1P · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'let us send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersN2 APM · ἀδελφόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπολελειμμένουςhypoleleimmenoysVP · χμπαπμ λείπω + ὑποparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressχμπαπμ λείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'hypoleleimmenoys'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesN1M NPM · Λευίτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεσινcitiesN3I DPF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
κατασχέσεωςof possessionN3I GSF · κατάσχεσιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκατάσχεσις: meaning 'of possession'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναχθήσονταιsynachthesontaiVQ FPI3P · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadἄγω + συν: meaning 'synachthesontai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
3
καὶ μετενέγκωμεν τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὅτι οὐκ ἐζήτησαν αὐτὴν ἀφ' ἡμερῶν Σαουλ
“And let us bring back the ark of our God to ourselves, for we did not seek it in the days of Saul.”
The verse gives the theological rationale for the whole undertaking. Saul’s reign is characterized by neglect of the ark, and David’s kingship is implicitly set over against that deficiency.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετενέγκωμενmetenegkomenVA AAS1P · φέρω + μεταmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeφέρω + μετα: meaning 'metenegkomen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐζήτησανthey soughtVAI AAI3P · ζητέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeζητέω: meaning 'they sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'aph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμερῶνdaysN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΣαουλSaulN GSM · Σαούλproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
4
καὶ εἶπεν πᾶσα ἡ ἐκκλησία τοῦ ποιῆσαι οὕτως ὅτι εὐθὴς ὁ λόγος ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ
And all the assembly said to do so, for the word was right in the eyes of all the people.
The public response is immediate and unanimous. Yet the chapter will show that right intention and broad consent do not by themselves guarantee right worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιto doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'so'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθὴςuprightA3H NSM · εὐθήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceεὐθής: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
5
καὶ ἐξεκκλησίασεν Δαυιδ τὸν πάντα Ισραηλ ἀπὸ ὁρίων Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἕως εἰσόδου Ημαθ τοῦ εἰσενέγκαι τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκ πόλεως Ιαριμ
And David assembled all Israel, from the border of Egypt even to the entrance of Hamath, to bring the ark of God from Kiriath-jearim.
The geographical sweep signals maximal inclusiveness. David’s project is national in reach, fitting the ark’s status as the symbol of YHWH’s presence among the whole people.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεκκλησίασενassembled / musteredVAI AAI3S · ἐκκλησιάζω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐκκλησιάζω + ἐκ: meaning 'assembled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὁρίωνbordersN2N GPN · ὅριονgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationὅριον: meaning 'borders'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntil/as far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἰσόδουentranceN2 GSF · εἴσοδοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationεἴσοδος: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΗμαθHamathN GSM · Ημαθproper name within the list or clauseΗμαθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσενέγκαιeisenegkaiVA AAN · φέρω + εἰςinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeφέρω + εἰς: meaning 'eisenegkai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
Ιαριμof JearimN GSM · Ιαριμproper name within the list or clauseΙαριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
6
καὶ ἀνήγαγεν αὐτὴν Δαυιδ καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ ἀνέβη εἰς πόλιν Δαυιδ ἣ ἦν τοῦ Ιουδα τοῦ ἀναγαγεῖν ἐκεῖθεν τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ θεοῦ κυρίου καθημένου ἐπὶ χερουβιν οὗ ἐπεκλήθη ὄνομα αὐτοῦ
And David brought it up, and all Israel went up, to Kiriath-jearim, which belonged to Judah, to bring up from there the ark of the LORD God who sits above the cherubim, where his name is invoked.
The long titulary for the ark deepens the solemnity of the moment. The problem in the chapter is therefore not indifference to the ark’s sanctity but a failure to honor that sanctity in the appointed way.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγαγενbrought upVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἣwhichRR NSF · ὅςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceἣ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναγαγεῖνto bring upVB AAN · ἄγω + ἀναinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'to bring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖθεν: meaning 'from there'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καθημένουsittingV5 · πμπγσμ ἧμαι + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπγσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN APN · χερουβινlexical item contributing to the clause or listχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπεκλήθηwas called / namedVCI API3S · καλέω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'was called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
7
καὶ ἐπέθηκαν τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ ἅμαξαν καινὴν ἐξ οἴκου Αμιναδαβ καὶ Οζα καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἦγον τὴν ἅμαξαν
And they set the ark of God on a new cart from the house of Abinadab, and Uzza and his brothers were driving the cart.
The “new cart” already contains the chapter’s hidden fault. The method imitates Philistine handling rather than Levitical carriage, so the pious procession is compromised at its procedural center.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκανthey placedVAI AAI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἅμαξανcartN1S ASF · ἅμαξαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἅμαξα: meaning 'cart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καινὴνnewA1 ASF · καινόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκαινός: meaning 'new'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑμιναδαβAminadabN GSM · Αμιναδαβproper name within the list or clauseΑμιναδαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟζαOzaN NSM · Οζαproper name within the list or clauseΟζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἦγονwere driving / leadingV1I IAI3P · ἄγωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἄγω: meaning 'were driving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅμαξανcartN1S ASF · ἅμαξαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἅμαξα: meaning 'cart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
8
καὶ Δαυιδ καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ παίζοντες ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει καὶ ἐν ψαλτῳδοῖς καὶ ἐν κινύραις καὶ ἐν νάβλαις ἐν τυμπάνοις καὶ ἐν κυμβάλοις καὶ ἐν σάλπιγξιν
And David and all Israel were celebrating before God with all their might, with songs and with lyres and with harps, with tambourines and with cymbals and with trumpets.
The exuberance is unmistakable and sincere. Chronicles refuses to caricature the failed attempt; the tragedy lies in the collision between true joy and mishandled holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
παίζοντεςplaying / making merryV1 · παπνπμ παίζωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ παίζω: meaning 'playing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
δυνάμειarmy / hostN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'army'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ψαλτῳδοῖςpsaltdosA1B DPM · ψαλτῳδόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentψαλτῳδός: meaning 'psaltdos'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κινύραιςlyresN1A DPF · κινύραdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceκινύρα: meaning 'lyres'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
νάβλαιςharps / lutesN1A DPF · νάβλαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentνάβλα: meaning 'harps'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τυμπάνοιςtambourinesN2N DPN · τύμπανονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτύμπανον: meaning 'tambourines'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κυμβάλοιςcymbalsN2N DPN · κύμβαλονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceκύμβαλον: meaning 'cymbals'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σάλπιγξινtrumpetsN3G DPF · σάλπιγξdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpets'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
9
καὶ ἤλθοσαν ἕως τῆς ἅλωνος καὶ ἐξέτεινεν Οζα τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ τοῦ κατασχεῖν τὴν κιβωτόν ὅτι ἐξέκλινεν αὐτὴν ὁ μόσχος
And they came as far as the threshing floor, and Uzza stretched out his hand to take hold of the ark, because the ox had upset it.
The movement slows abruptly into a moment of danger. Uzza’s act is understandable at the human level, which is precisely why the severity of the judgment that follows becomes so theologically arresting.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤλθοσανthey cameVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'they came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἕωςuntil/as far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅλωνοςthreshing floorN3W GSF · ἅλωνgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἅλων: meaning 'threshing floor'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΟζαOzaN NSM · Οζαproper name within the list or clauseΟζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατασχεῖνto repair / hold firmVB AAN · ἔχω + καταinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔχω + κατα: meaning 'to repair'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτόνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέκλινενhe turned asideV1I IAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'he turned aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοςcalfN2 NSM · μόσχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceμόσχος: meaning 'calf'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
10
καὶ ἐθυμώθη ὀργῇ κύριος ἐπὶ Οζα καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ διὰ τὸ ἐκτεῖναι τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν κιβωτόν καὶ ἀπέθανεν ἐκεῖ ἀπέναντι τοῦ θεοῦ
And the LORD was angered with wrath against Uzza and struck him there because he stretched out his hand upon the ark, and he died there before God.
The verse states the act and penalty without softening. Chronicles insists that proximity to holiness does not neutralize holiness; divine presence is not stabilized by good intentions divorced from command.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυμώθηwas angeredVCI API3S · θυμόωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionθυμόω: meaning 'was angered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΟζαOzaN ASM · Οζαproper name within the list or clauseΟζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruckVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκτεῖναιektenaiVA AAN · τείνω + ἐκinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'ektenai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτόνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενdiedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἀπέναντιbeforeD · ἀπέναντιpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
11
καὶ ἠθύμησεν Δαυιδ ὅτι διέκοψεν κύριος διακοπὴν ἐν Οζα καὶ ἐκάλεσεν τὸν τόπον ἐκεῖνον Διακοπὴ Οζα ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης
And David was distressed because the LORD had broken out with a breach against Uzza, and he called that place Perez-uzza until this day.
The place-name turns the event into enduring memory. David’s emotional disturbance shows that the disaster is not only punitive but pedagogical, forcing the king to reckon with the terms of sacred presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθύμησενwas grieved / distressedVAI AAI3S · ἀθυμέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀθυμέω: meaning 'was grieved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέκοψενbroke throughVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeκόπτω + δια: meaning 'broke through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
διακοπὴνa breachN1 ASF · διακοπήaccusative element functioning as object or goalδιακοπή: meaning 'a breach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΟζαOzaN DSM · Οζαproper name within the list or clauseΟζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενcalledVAI AAI3S · καλέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐκεῖνονthatRD ASM · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceἐκεῖνον: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΔιακοπὴdiakopeN1A NSF · Διακοπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΔιακοπὴ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΟζαOzaN GSM · Οζαproper name within the list or clauseΟζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἕωςuntil/as far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
12
καὶ ἐφοβήθη Δαυιδ τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ λέγων πῶς εἰσοίσω πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ θεοῦ
And David feared God on that day, saying, “How shall I bring the ark of God to myself?”
Fear replaces festal confidence. The question is not whether the ark should come near, but how God’s presence may be approached without presumption.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθηwas afraidVCI API3S · φοβέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionφοβέω: meaning 'was afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εἰσοίσωeisoisoVF FAI1S · φέρω + εἰςmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadφέρω + εἰς: meaning 'eisoiso'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμαυτὸνmyselfRD ASM · ἐμαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceἐμαυτὸν: meaning 'myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
13
καὶ οὐκ ἀπέστρεψεν Δαυιδ τὴν κιβωτὸν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν εἰς πόλιν Δαυιδ καὶ ἐξέκλινεν αὐτὴν εἰς οἶκον Αβεδδαρα τοῦ Γεθθαίου
And David did not turn the ark aside to himself into the city of David, but diverted it to the house of Obed-edom the Gittite.
The royal project is interrupted. David’s restraint now reflects fear rather than mastery, and the ark must dwell temporarily outside the intended royal center.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkN2 ASF · κιβωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πρὸςto/towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceἑαυτὸν: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέκλινενhe turned asideV1I IAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'he turned aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
Αβεδδαραof AbeddaraN GSM · Αβεδδαραproper name within the list or clauseΑβεδδαρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Γεθθαίουthe GittiteN2 GSM · Γεθθαῖοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termΓεθθαίου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
14
καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἡ κιβωτὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν οἴκῳ Αβεδδαρα τρεῖς μῆνας καὶ εὐλόγησεν ὁ θεὸς Αβεδδαραμ καὶ πάντα τὰ αὐτοῦ
And the ark of God remained in the house of Obed-edom for three months, and God blessed Obed-edom and all that belonged to him.
The closing blessing prevents the reader from mistaking holiness for mere destructive danger. The ark is life-giving on God’s terms; chapter 15 will show how right order allows that blessing to accompany the procession itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάθισενsat downVAI AAI3S · ἵζω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἵζω + κατα: meaning 'sat down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸςarkN2 NSF · κιβωτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ content focusκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
Αβεδδαραof AbeddaraN GSM · Αβεδδαραproper name within the list or clauseΑβεδδαρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τρεῖςthreeA3 APM · τρεῖςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
μῆναςmonthsN3 APM · μήνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ wild creatures and limits of masteryμήν: meaning 'months'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενblessedVA AAI3S · εὐλογέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεὐλογέω: meaning 'blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑβεδδαραμAbeddaramN ASM · Αβεδδαραμproper name within the list or clauseΑβεδδαραμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.