1
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἐπιόντι ἔτει ἐν τῇ ἐξόδῳ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ ἤγαγεν Ιωαβ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τῆς στρατιᾶς καὶ ἔφθειραν τὴν χώραν υἱῶν Αμμων καὶ ἦλθεν καὶ περιεκάθισεν τὴν Ραββα καὶ Δαυιδ ἐκάθητο ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐπάταξεν Ιωαβ τὴν Ραββα καὶ κατέσκαψεν αὐτήν
And it happened in the following year, at the time when kings go out, that Joab led the whole force of the army, and they ravaged the land of the sons of Ammon. He came and besieged Rabbah, while David remained in Jerusalem; and Joab struck Rabbah and tore it down.
The chapter opens by resuming the war calendar: spring is the season of royal campaigns. Joab executes the siege while David remains in Jerusalem, a compressed notice that Chronicles leaves uninterpreted here even though Samuel attaches darker material to the same military setting.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐπιόντιcoming / followingV9 · παπδσν εἶμι + ἐπιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEpionti: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEtei: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐξόδῳgoing out / campaign seasonN2 DSF · ἔξοδοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceExodo: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἤγαγενbringVBI AAI3S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἄγω: lead / bring; in 5:26 it is the carrying verb of Assyrian deportation.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJoab: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaπᾶσαν: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δύναμινforce / armyN3I ASF · δύναμιςcommon noun within the clauseδύναμις: 'force / army'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
στρατιᾶςarmyN1A GSF · στρατιάcommon noun within the clauseστρατιά: 'army'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔφθειρανravage / destroyVAI AAI3P · φθείρωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEphtheiran: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χώρανcountry / landN1A ASF · χώραcommon noun within the clauseχώρα: 'country / land'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceAmmon: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι: 'come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
περιεκάθισενbesiegedVAI AAI3S · ἵζω + περι + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἵζω + περι + κατα: 'besieged'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΡαββαRabbaN ASF · Ραββαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceRabba: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἐκάθητοremained seatedV1I IMI3S · ἧμαι + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEkatheto: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJoab: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΡαββαRabbaN ASF · Ραββαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceRabba: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατέσκαψενtore downVAI AAI3S · σκάπτω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseσκάπτω + κατα: 'tore down'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
2
καὶ ἔλαβεν Δαυιδ τὸν στέφανον Μολχολ βασιλέως αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ εὑρέθη ὁ σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ τάλαντον χρυσίου καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ λίθος τίμιος καὶ ἦν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν Δαυιδ καὶ σκῦλα τῆς πόλεως ἐξήνεγκεν πολλὰ σφόδρα
And David took the crown of Molchol their king from his head, and its weight was found to be a talent of gold, and in it was a precious stone; and it was placed on David's head. He brought out the spoil of the city in very great abundance.
The fall of Rabbah is displayed through royal insignia and plunder. The crown symbolizes transferred dominion: Ammonite kingship is shown as subordinated to David's rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔλαβενseizedVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: 'take'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
στέφανονcrownN2 ASM · στέφανοςcommon noun within the clauseστέφανος: 'crown'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΜολχολMolcholN GSM · Μολχολproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceMolchol: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clauseκεφαλή: 'head'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εὑρέθηfind / be foundVC API3S · εὑρίσκωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseεὑρίσκω: 'find / be found'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σταθμὸςweightN2 NSM · σταθμόςcommon noun within the clauseσταθμός: 'weight'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
τάλαντονtalentN2N ASN · τάλαντονcommon noun within the clauseτάλαντον: 'talent'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονcommon noun within the clauseχρυσίον: 'gold'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
λίθοςstoneN2 NSM · λίθοςcommon noun within the clauseλίθος: 'stone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τίμιοςpreciousA1A NSM · τίμιοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτίμιος: 'precious'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clauseκεφαλή: 'head'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονcommon noun within the clauseσκῦλον: 'spoil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaπόλεως: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
ἐξήνεγκενbrought outVAI AAI3S · φέρω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExenegken: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifierπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: 'very'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
3
καὶ τὸν λαὸν τὸν ἐν αὐτῇ ἐξήγαγεν καὶ διέπρισεν πρίοσιν καὶ ἐν σκεπάρνοις σιδηροῖς καὶ οὕτως ἐποίησεν Δαυιδ τοῖς πᾶσιν υἱοῖς Αμμων καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν Δαυιδ καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
And he brought out the people who were in it and cut them with saws and with iron picks; thus David did to all the sons of Ammon. Then David and all his people returned to Jerusalem.
The verse stresses the severity of subjugation rather than dwelling on narrative detail. The closing return to Jerusalem gives the report the shape of an official campaign notice.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςcommon noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐξήγαγενbrought outVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExegagen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
διέπρισενcut with sawsVAI AAI3S · πρίζω + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseπρίζω + δια: 'cut with saws'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
πρίοσινsawN3W DPN · πρίωνcommon noun within the clauseπρίων: 'saw'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σκεπάρνοιςiron pick / axeN2N DPN · σκεπάρνονcommon noun within the clauseσκεπάρνον: 'iron pick / axe'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σιδηροῖςironA1C DPN · σιδηροῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseσιδηροῦς: 'iron'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: 'thus / so'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πᾶσινall / everyA3 DPM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: 'all / every'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
υἱοῖςto the sonsN2 DPM · υἱόςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaυἱός: 'to the sons'; dative form marking recipients in allotment formulas.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceAmmon: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνέστρεψενreturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἀνα: 'return'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
4
καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐγένετο ἔτι πόλεμος ἐν Γαζερ μετὰ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων τότε ἐπάταξεν Σοβοχαι ὁ Ουσαθι τὸν Σαφου ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν τῶν γιγάντων καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτόν
And after this there was again war at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbechai the Hushathite struck down Saphou, one of the sons of the giants, and humbled him.
The chapter pivots from Ammon to Philistia with a formula of renewed conflict. The enemy is identified as belonging to the giant line, so the victory carries symbolic weight beyond a mere battlefield success.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἔτιstill / againD · ἔτιadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceEti: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clauseπόλεμος: 'war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓαζερGazerN DSF · Γαζερproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceGazer: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀλλοφύλωνPhilistines / foreignersN2 GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςcommon noun within the clauseἀλλόφυλος: 'Philistine' or more literally 'one of another tribe'; the regular LXX designation for Israel's Philistine enemies.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: 'then'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΣοβοχαιSobochaiN NSM · Σοβοχαιproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceSobochai: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΟυσαθιOysathiN NSM · Ουσαθιproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOysathi: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΣαφουSaphoyN ASM · Σαφουproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceSaphoy: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γιγάντωνgiantsN3 GPM · γίγαςcommon noun within the clauseγίγας: 'giants'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐταπείνωσενhumbledVAI AAI3S · ταπεινόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEtapeinosen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or groupαὐτόν: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
5
καὶ ἐγένετο ἔτι πόλεμος μετὰ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων καὶ ἐπάταξεν Ελλαναν υἱὸς Ιαϊρ τὸν Λεεμι ἀδελφὸν Γολιαθ τοῦ Γεθθαίου καὶ ξύλον δόρατος αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀντίον ὑφαινόντων
And there was again war with the Philistines, and Elhanan son of Jair struck down Leemi, the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear-shaft was like a weaver's beam.
The narrative is terse but pointed: the Goliath tradition is deliberately evoked through Leemi and the immense spear. What once seemed singularly threatening is now handled as one victory among several under David's reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἔτιstill / againD · ἔτιadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceEti: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clauseπόλεμος: 'war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀλλοφύλωνPhilistines / foreignersN2 GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςcommon noun within the clauseἀλλόφυλος: 'Philistine' or more literally 'one of another tribe'; the regular LXX designation for Israel's Philistine enemies.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΕλλανανEllananN NSM · Ελλανανproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEllanan: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΙαϊρJairN GSM · Ιαϊρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJair: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛεεμιLeemiN ASM · Λεεμιproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceLeemi: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clauseἀδελφός: 'brother'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΓολιαθGoliathN GSM · Γολιαθproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceGoliath: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΓεθθαίουGeththaioyN2 GSM · Γεθθαῖοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceGeththaioy: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ξύλονwood / shaftN2N ASN · ξύλονcommon noun within the clauseξύλον: 'wood / shaft'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
δόρατοςspearN3 GSN · δόρυcommon noun within the clauseδόρυ: 'spear'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὡς: 'like / as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀντίονlikeD · ἀντίονadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἀντίον: 'like'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὑφαινόντωνof weaversV1 · παπγπμ ὑφαίνωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπγπμ ὑφαίνω: 'of weavers'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
6
καὶ ἐγένετο ἔτι πόλεμος ἐν Γεθ καὶ ἦν ἀνὴρ ὑπερμεγέθης καὶ δάκτυλοι αὐτοῦ ἓξ καὶ ἕξ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες καὶ οὗτος ἦν ἀπόγονος γιγάντων
And there was again war at Gath, and there was a very great man, and his fingers were six and six, twenty-four in all; and he too was descended from giants.
Before the blow falls, the text lingers over the warrior's abnormal size and sixfold digits. The description heightens the extraordinariness of the threat so that the coming victory will appear all the more decisive.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἔτιstill / againD · ἔτιadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceEti: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clauseπόλεμος: 'war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓεθGathN DSF · Γεθproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceGath: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: 'man'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὑπερμεγέθηςvery largeA3H NSM · ὑπερμεγέθηςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceYpermegethes: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δάκτυλοιfingerN2 NPM · δάκτυλοςcommon noun within the clauseδάκτυλος: 'finger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἓξsixM · ἕξcommon noun within the clauseἕξ: 'six'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἕξsixM · ἕξcommon noun within the clauseἕξ: 'six'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιnumerical term contributing to the count or totalεἴκοσι: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
τέσσαρεςfourA3 NPM · τέσσαρεςadjectival or ordinal modifierτέσσαρες: 'four'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπόγονοςdescendantA1B NSM · ἀπόγονοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀπόγονος: 'descendant'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
γιγάντωνgiantsN3 GPM · γίγαςcommon noun within the clauseγίγας: 'giants'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
7
καὶ ὠνείδισεν τὸν Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν Ιωναθαν υἱὸς Σαμαα ἀδελφοῦ Δαυιδ
And he reproached Israel, and Jonathan son of Shammaa, David's brother, struck him down.
The provocation is verbal before it is martial: the giant reproaches Israel. Jonathan's victory shows David's household extending the king's triumph over blasphemous and intimidating enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὠνείδισενreproachedVAI AAI3S · ὀνειδίζωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseOneidisen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ΙωναθανJonathanN NSM · Ιωναθανproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJonathan: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΣαμααShimeaN GSM · Σαμααancestor-name in a singer's pedigreeShimea: transliterated proper name preserved in this singers' genealogy.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherN2 GSM · ἀδελφόςhead noun within the clauseἀδελφός: 'brother'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
8
οὗτοι ἐγένοντο Ραφα ἐν Γεθ πάντες ἦσαν τέσσαρες γίγαντες καὶ ἔπεσον ἐν χειρὶ Δαυιδ καὶ ἐν χειρὶ παίδων αὐτοῦ
These were born to Rapha in Gath; all were four giants, and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
The final verse gathers the scattered notices into a counted whole. The point is not individual heroics alone but the collective defeat of the giant line through David and the agents who serve under him.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaγίνομαι: 'become / come to be'; here of cities or results coming into being.
ΡαφαRaphaN1A GSF · Ραφαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceRapha: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓεθGathN DSF · Γεθproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceGath: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τέσσαρεςfourA3 NPM · τέσσαρεςadjectival or ordinal modifierτέσσαρες: 'four'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
γίγαντεςgiantN3 NPM · γίγαςcommon noun within the clauseγίγας: 'giant'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔπεσονfellVBI AAI3P · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the clauseπίπτω: 'fell'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
παίδωνservant / childN3D GPM · παῖςcommon noun within the clauseπαῖς: 'servant / child'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.