1
καὶ ἔστη διάβολος ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπέσεισεν τὸν Δαυιδ τοῦ ἀριθμῆσαι τὸν Ισραηλ
And the Adversary stood up against Israel and incited David to number Israel.
Chronicles names the immediate instigator with unusual starkness. Yet the chapter will not let David evade responsibility: the temptation is external, but the sinful command will still be his own.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔστηstoppedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι: 'stopped'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
διάβολοςadversary / slandererN2 NSM · διάβολοςcommon noun within the clauseδιάβολος: 'adversary / slanderer'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπέσεισενincite / stir upVAI AAI3S · σείω + ἐπιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEpeseisen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀριθμῆσαιnumber / countVA AAN · ἀριθμέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἀριθμέω: 'number / count'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
2
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυιδ πρὸς Ιωαβ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῆς δυνάμεως πορεύθητε ἀριθμήσατε τὸν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ Βηρσαβεε καὶ ἕως Δαν καὶ ἐνέγκατε πρός με καὶ γνώσομαι τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν
And King David said to Joab and to the commanders of the army, "Go, number Israel from Beersheba to Dan, and bring the count to me, and I shall know their number."
The royal imperative turns the inward impulse into public policy. The geographic merism from Beersheba to Dan frames the census as a grasping survey of the whole kingdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙωαβJoabN ASM · Ιωαβproper name heading a founder noticeΙωαβ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Simeonite register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'ruler / chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δυνάμεωςmightN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitival dependent within the phraseδύναμις: strength / military power; used both abstractly and concretely in troop descriptions.
πορεύθητεgoVA AAD2P · πορεύομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseπορεύομαι: 'go'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἀριθμήσατεnumber / countVA AAD2P · ἀριθμέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἀριθμέω: 'number / count'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΒηρσαβεεBersabeeN GSF · Βηρσαβεεproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceBersabee: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔανDanN GSM · Δανproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceDan: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνέγκατεbring backVAI AAD2P · φέρωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEnegkate: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
πρόςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a preposition marking the relation of the governed phrase to the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
γνώσομαιI shall knowVF FMI1S · γιγνώσκωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseγιγνώσκω: 'I shall know'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀριθμὸνnumberN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clauseἀριθμός: 'number'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
3
καὶ εἶπεν Ιωαβ προσθείη κύριος ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ὡς αὐτοὶ ἑκατονταπλασίως καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου μου τοῦ βασιλέως βλέποντες πάντες τῷ κυρίῳ μου παῖδες ἵνα τί ζητεῖ ὁ κύριός μου τοῦτο ἵνα μὴ γένηται εἰς ἁμαρτίαν τῷ Ισραηλ
And Joab said, "May the Lord add to his people a hundredfold as many as they are; are they not all servants of my lord the king before the eyes of my lord the king? Why does my lord seek this thing, so that it should not become a sin for Israel?"
Joab's protest is the moral warning the king ignores. Even this hard military commander recognizes that counting the people in this spirit would transform royal administration into covenantal offense.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJoab: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
προσθείηaddVE AAO3S · τίθημι + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseτίθημι + προς: 'add'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςcommon noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὡς: 'like / as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοὶhis/theirRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier or resumptive dependentαὐτός: personal pronoun; here a possessive or resumptive reference within the genealogy.
ἑκατονταπλασίωςa hundredfoldD · ἑκατονταπλασίωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceEkatontaplasios: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOphthalmoi: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
βλέποντεςseeV1 · παπνπμ βλέπωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseβλέπω: 'see'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
παῖδεςservant / childN3D NPM · παῖςcommon noun within the clauseπαῖς: 'servant / child'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationIna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςphrase element within the clauseτίς: 'what'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ζητεῖseekV2 PAI3S · ζητέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseζητέω: 'seek'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κύριόςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςcommon noun within the clauseκύριος: 'Lord'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationIna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'become / happen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clauseἁμαρτία: 'sin'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
4
τὸ δὲ ῥῆμα τοῦ βασιλέως ἐκραταιώθη ἐπὶ τῷ Ιωαβ καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ιωαβ καὶ διῆλθεν ἐν παντὶ ὁρίῳ Ισραηλ καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
But the word of the king prevailed over Joab. So Joab went out and passed through all the territory of Israel, and he came to Jerusalem.
The narrative emphasizes the triumph of command over counsel. Joab obeys, but the verse keeps his compliance under the shadow of a word he had already judged dangerous.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clauseδέ: 'but'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M NSN · ῥῆμαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceRema: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ἐκραταιώθηgrow strong / prevailVCI API3S · κραταιόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEkrataiothe: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙωαβJoabN DSM · Ιωαβproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceIoab: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐξῆλθενgo outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExelthen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJoab: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
διῆλθενpass throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἔρχομαι + δια: 'pass through'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: 'all / every'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁρίῳterritory / borderN2N DSN · ὅριονproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrio: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι: 'come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
5
καὶ ἔδωκεν Ιωαβ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῆς ἐπισκέψεως τοῦ λαοῦ τῷ Δαυιδ καὶ ἦν πᾶς Ισραηλ χίλιαι χιλιάδες καὶ ἑκατὸν χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν ἐσπασμένων μάχαιραν καὶ Ιουδας τετρακόσιαι καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν ἐσπασμένων μάχαιραν
And Joab gave David the total of the census of the people: all Israel was one million one hundred thousand men drawing the sword, and Judah four hundred eighty thousand men drawing the sword.
The counting reaches the battlefield core of the nation, men who draw the sword. What David desired as knowledge now returns as a sterile magnitude that immediately carries the odor of transgression.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryδίδωμι: 'give'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJoab: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀριθμὸνnumberN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clauseἀριθμός: 'number'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐπισκέψεωςvisitation / oversightN3I GSF · ἐπίσκεψιςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEpiskepseos: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
χίλιαιthousandA1A NPF · χίλιοιadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseχίλιοι: 'thousand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnumerical term contributing to the count or totalχιλιάδες: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἑκατὸνone hundredM · ἑκατόνcommon noun within the clauseἑκατόν: 'one hundred'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnumerical term contributing to the count or totalχιλιάδες: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: 'man'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐσπασμένωνdrawnVMI XMPGPMSPA/Wfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEspasmenon: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
μάχαιρανswordN1A ASF · μάχαιραaccusative object or complementμάχαιρα: sword; standard close-combat weapon in martial catalogs.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙουδαςJudahN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative head term or subject complementἸούδας: 'Judah'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
τετρακόσιαιfour hundredA1A NPF · τετρακόσιοιadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyM · ὀγδοήκονταnumerical term contributing to the count or totalὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty'; indeclinable numeral.
χιλιάδεςthousandsN3D NPF · χιλιάςnumerical term contributing to the count or totalχιλιάδες: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: 'man'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐσπασμένωνdrawnVMI XMPGPMSPA/Wfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEspasmenon: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
μάχαιρανswordN1A ASF · μάχαιραaccusative object or complementμάχαιρα: sword; standard close-combat weapon in martial catalogs.
6
καὶ τὸν Λευι καὶ τὸν Βενιαμιν οὐκ ἠρίθμησεν ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν ὅτι κατίσχυσεν λόγος τοῦ βασιλέως τὸν Ιωαβ
But Levi and Benjamin he did not number among them, for the king's word had become abhorrent to Joab.
The omission of Levi and Benjamin shows that Joab never gave himself wholly to the task. The census is both executed and resisted, which sharpens the sense that the enterprise is fundamentally disordered.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευιLeviN ASM · Λευίproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceLeyi: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΒενιαμινBeniaminN ASM · Βενιαμίνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceBeniamin: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἠρίθμησενnumber / countVAI AAI3S · ἀριθμέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseErithmesen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςadjectival or ordinal modifierμέσος: 'midst'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clauseλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙωαβJoabN ASM · Ιωαβproper name heading a founder noticeΙωαβ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Simeonite register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
7
καὶ πονηρὸν ἐφάνη ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ περὶ τοῦ πράγματος τούτου καὶ ἐπάταξεν τὸν Ισραηλ
And it was evil in the sight of God concerning this matter, and he struck Israel.
The verdict arrives with blunt simplicity: the thing was evil before God. The blow upon Israel confirms that the census is not a harmless statistic but a covenant breach with communal consequences.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASM · πονηρόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπονηρός: 'evil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐφάνηappearVDI API3S · φαίνωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEphane: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
περὶforP · περίpreposition introducing its governed phraseπερὶ: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πράγματοςmatter / thingN3M GSN · πρᾶγμαcommon noun within the clauseπρᾶγμα: 'matter / thing'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τούτουthisRD GSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in viewοὗτος: personal, demonstrative, or related pronominal form; here it points to the participant or item already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
8
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ πρὸς τὸν θεόν ἡμάρτηκα σφόδρα ὅτι ἐποίησα τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο καὶ νῦν περίελε δὴ τὴν κακίαν παιδός σου ὅτι ἐματαιώθην σφόδρα
And David said to God, "I have sinned greatly because I did this thing; and now, please remove the wickedness of your servant, for I have acted very foolishly."
David's speech abandons any pretense that the blame lies elsewhere. He names both sin and folly, and the prayer for removal of guilt marks the beginning of repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςcommon noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἡμάρτηκαsinVX XAI1S · ἁμαρτάνωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEmarteka: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: 'very'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEpoiesa: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρᾶγμαmatter / thingN3M ASN · πρᾶγμαcommon noun within the clauseπρᾶγμα: 'matter / thing'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceνῦν: 'now'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
περίελεtake away / removeVB AAD2S · αἱρέω + περιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseαἱρέω + περι: 'take away / remove'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
δὴindeed / nowX · δήphrase element within the clauseδή: 'indeed / now'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κακίανwickedness / evilN1A ASF · κακίαcommon noun within the clauseκακία: 'wickedness / evil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
παιδόςservant / childN3D GSM · παῖςcommon noun within the clauseπαῖς: 'servant / child'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐματαιώθηνact foolishly / become vainVCI API1S · ματαιόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEmataiothen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: 'very'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
9
καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Γαδ ὁρῶντα Δαυιδ λέγων
And the Lord spoke to Gad, David's seer, saying,
The story now moves from confession to formal prophetic address. Gad appears as the divinely authorized mediator through whom judgment will be specified.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseElalesen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓαδGadN ASM · Γαδproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceGad: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ὁρῶνταseeV3 · παπασμ ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseOronta: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleλέγω: say; the participial form introduces reported speech or explanatory naming formulae.
10
πορεύου καὶ λάλησον πρὸς Δαυιδ λέγων οὕτως λέγει κύριος τρία αἴρω ἐγὼ ἐπὶ σέ ἔκλεξαι σεαυτῷ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ποιήσω σοι
"Go and speak to David, saying, 'Thus says the Lord: I place three things upon you; choose one of them for yourself, and I will do it to you.'"
The choice does not soften judgment; it personalizes it. David must become an active participant in receiving the consequence of his own policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
πορεύουgoV1 PAD2S · πορεύομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseπορεύομαι: 'go'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
λάλησονspeakVA AAD2S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseλαλέω: 'speak'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleλέγω: say; the participial form introduces reported speech or explanatory naming formulae.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: 'thus / so'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseλέγω: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τρίαthreeA3 APN · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτρεῖς: 'three'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αἴρωbring / layV1 PAI1S · αἴρωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseαἴρω: 'bring / lay'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEgo: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σέyouRP AS · σύphrase element within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἔκλεξαιchooseVA AMD2S · λέγω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEklexai: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form referring to the participant already in viewσεαυτοῦ: personal, demonstrative, or related pronominal form; here it points to the participant or item already in view.
ἓνoneA3 ASN · εἷςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEn: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐξof / from amongP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ποιήσωdo / makeVA AAS1S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do / make'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
11
καὶ ἦλθεν Γαδ πρὸς Δαυιδ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ οὕτως λέγει κύριος ἔκλεξαι σεαυτῷ
And Gad came to David and said to him, "Thus says the Lord: Choose for yourself
The prophetic formula is repeated with solemn economy. The suspense lies in the fact that David's kingship can no longer command events; it must answer to the Lord's sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι: 'come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓαδGadN NSM · Γαδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGad: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: 'thus / so'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseλέγω: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἔκλεξαιchooseVA AMD2S · λέγω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEklexai: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form referring to the participant already in viewσεαυτοῦ: personal, demonstrative, or related pronominal form; here it points to the participant or item already in view.
12
ἢ τρία ἔτη λιμοῦ ἢ τρεῖς μῆνας φεύγειν σε ἐκ προσώπου ἐχθρῶν σου καὶ μάχαιραν ἐχθρῶν σου τοῦ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι ἢ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ῥομφαίαν κυρίου καὶ θάνατον ἐν τῇ γῇ καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐξολεθρεύων ἐν πάσῃ κληρονομίᾳ Ισραηλ καὶ νῦν ἰδὲ τί ἀποκριθῶ τῷ ἀποστείλαντί με λόγον
"either three years of famine, or three months of being swept away before your enemies while the sword of your enemies destroys, or three days of the sword of the Lord, even death in the land, with the angel of the Lord destroying throughout all the inheritance of Israel. And now consider what answer I should return to the one who sent me."
Each option exposes Israel to devastation from a different direction: scarcity, hostile powers, or direct divine plague. The final option is theologically heaviest because it places the sword in the Lord's own hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
ἢonlyC · ἤparticle or connective within the genealogical noticeἤ: or / except; here strengthening the restriction to daughters only.
τρίαthreeA3 APN · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτρεῖς: 'three'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; temporal unit used in a regnal or age notice.
λιμοῦfamineN2 GSM · λιμόςcommon noun within the clauseλιμός: 'famine'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἢonlyC · ἤparticle or connective within the genealogical noticeἤ: or / except; here strengthening the restriction to daughters only.
τρεῖςthreeA3 APM · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτρεῖς: 'three'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μῆναςmonthN3 APM · μήνcommon noun within the clauseμήν: 'month'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
φεύγεινfleeV1 PAN · φεύγωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseφεύγω: 'flee'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύphrase element within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clauseπρόσωπον: 'face'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEchthron: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
μάχαιρανswordN1A ASF · μάχαιραaccusative object or complementμάχαιρα: sword; standard close-combat weapon in martial catalogs.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEchthron: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExolethreysai: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἢonlyC · ἤparticle or connective within the genealogical noticeἤ: or / except; here strengthening the restriction to daughters only.
τρεῖςthreeA3 APF · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτρεῖς: 'three'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clauseῥομφαία: 'sword'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
θάνατονdeath / pestilenceN2 ASM · θάνατοςcommon noun within the clauseθάνατος: 'death / pestilence'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaγῇ: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἄγγελοςangel / messengerN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐξολεθρεύωνdestroyV1 · παπνσμ ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExolethreyon: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πάσῃall / everyA1S DSF · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: 'all / every'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κληρονομίᾳinheritanceN1A DSF · κληρονομίαcommon noun within the clauseκληρονομία: 'inheritance'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceνῦν: 'now'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἰδὲsee / considerVB AAD2S · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseIde: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςphrase element within the clauseτίς: 'what'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἀποκριθῶanswer / replyVC APS1S · κρίνω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: 'answer / reply'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀποστείλαντίsendVA · ααπδσμ στέλλω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: 'send'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
λόγονthing / wordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clauseλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
13
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ πρὸς Γαδ στενά μοι καὶ τὰ τρία σφόδρα ἐμπεσοῦμαι δὴ εἰς χεῖρας κυρίου ὅτι πολλοὶ οἱ οἰκτιρμοὶ αὐτοῦ σφόδρα καὶ εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων οὐ μὴ ἐμπέσω
And David said to Gad, "I am in great distress because of all three. Let me fall, then, into the hands of the Lord, for his mercies are very many; but into the hands of men I will not fall."
David does not choose the lightest punishment but the Judge whose compassion is deepest. His appeal distinguishes the Lord's merciful sovereignty from the hard finality of human violence.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓαδGadN ASM · Γαδproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceGad: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
στενάdistressed / narrowA1 NPN · στενόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseστενός: 'distressed / narrow'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰthe / thoseRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τρίαthreeA3 NPN · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτρεῖς: 'three'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: 'very'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐμπεσοῦμαιI shall fallVF2 FMI1S · πίπτω + ἐνfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEmpesoymai: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
δὴindeed / nowX · δήphrase element within the clauseδή: 'indeed / now'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaχείρ: 'hands'; in the idiom 'over the charge of' the singers.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative head term or subject complementπολύς: 'many'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οἰκτιρμοὶcompassion / mercyN2 NPM · οἰκτιρμόςcommon noun within the clauseοἰκτιρμός: 'compassion / mercy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: 'very'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaχείρ: 'hands'; in the idiom 'over the charge of' the singers.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clauseἄνθρωπος: 'man / human being'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐμπέσωI shall fallVF FAI1S · πίπτω + ἐνfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEmpeso: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
14
καὶ ἔδωκεν κύριος θάνατον ἐν Ισραηλ καὶ ἔπεσον ἐξ Ισραηλ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες ἀνδρῶν
And the Lord sent pestilence upon Israel, and seventy thousand men of Israel fell.
The brevity of the report intensifies its horror. The numerical result reverses the logic of the census: David counted to secure mastery, and now the nation is counted by death.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryδίδωμι: 'give'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θάνατονdeath / pestilenceN2 ASM · θάνατοςcommon noun within the clauseθάνατος: 'death / pestilence'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔπεσονfellVBI AAI3P · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the clauseπίπτω: 'fell'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐξof / from amongP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEbdomekonta: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
χιλιάδεςthousandN3D APF · χιλιάςcommon noun within the clauseχιλιάς: 'thousand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: 'man'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
15
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς ἄγγελον εἰς Ιερουσαλημ τοῦ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι αὐτήν καὶ ὡς ἐξωλέθρευσεν εἶδεν κύριος καὶ μετεμελήθη ἐπὶ τῇ κακίᾳ καὶ εἶπεν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῷ ἐξολεθρεύοντι ἱκανούσθω σοι ἄνες τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἑστὼς ἐν τῷ ἅλῳ Ορνα τοῦ Ιεβουσαίου
And God sent an angel to Jerusalem to destroy it; but as he was destroying, the Lord saw and relented concerning the calamity, and he said to the destroying angel, "Enough; let your hand cease." And the angel of the Lord was standing by the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
This is the chapter's turning point. Judgment reaches the holy city, yet the Lord's seeing and relenting arrest destruction precisely at the site that will become the locus of sacrificial mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: 'send'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
ἄγγελονangel / messengerN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExolethreysai: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὡς: 'like / as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐξωλέθρευσενdestroyVAI AAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExolethreysen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clauseὁράω: 'saw'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
μετεμελήθηrelent / regretVCI API3S · μελέομαι + μεταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseμελέομαι + μετα: 'relent / regret'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κακίᾳwickedness / evilN1A DSF · κακίαcommon noun within the clauseκακία: 'wickedness / evil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀγγέλῳangel / messengerN2 DSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐξολεθρεύοντιdestroyV1 · παπδσμ ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExolethreyonti: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἱκανούσθωbe enough / sufficeV4 PPD3S · ἱκανόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseIkanoystho: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἄνεςlet go / releaseVB AAD2S · ἵημι + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἵημι + ἀνα: 'let go / release'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄγγελοςangel / messengerN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἑστὼςstandingVXI XAPNSMI(/STHMIfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEstos: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἅλῳthreshing floorN3 DSN · ἅλωνcommon noun within the clauseἅλων: 'threshing floor'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΟρναOrnaN GSM · Ορναproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙεβουσαίουIeboysaioyN2 GSM · Ιεβουσαῖοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceIeboysaioy: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
16
καὶ ἐπῆρεν Δαυιδ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶδεν τὸν ἄγγελον κυρίου ἑστῶτα ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς γῆς καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἡ ῥομφαία αὐτοῦ ἐσπασμένη ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ἐκτεταμένη ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἔπεσεν Δαυιδ καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι περιβεβλημένοι ἐν σάκκοις ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν
And David lifted up his eyes and saw the angel of the Lord standing between earth and heaven, with his sword drawn in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell on their faces.
The vision places Jerusalem under a suspended sword between earth and heaven. The elders' prostration in sackcloth turns political crisis into liturgical humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 45 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπῆρενlift upVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἐπιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEperen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOphthalmoys: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clauseὁράω: 'saw'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄγγελονangel / messengerN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἑστῶταstandingVXI XAPASMI(/STHMIfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEstota: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἀνὰup / throughoutP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνά: 'up / throughout'; a preposition marking the relation of the governed phrase to the clause.
μέσονmiddle / midstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέσος: 'middle / midst'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phraseγῆ: 'land'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνὰup / throughoutP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνά: 'up / throughout'; a preposition marking the relation of the governed phrase to the clause.
μέσονmiddle / midstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέσος: 'middle / midst'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clauseοὐρανός: 'heaven'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ῥομφαίαswordN1A NSF · ῥομφαίαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceRomphaia: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐσπασμένηdrawnVMI XMPNSFSPA/Wfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEspasmene: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐκτεταμένηstretched outVM · χμπνσφ τείνω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEktetamene: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔπεσενfellVAI AAI3S · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the clauseπίπτω: 'fell'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersN2 NPM · πρεσβύτεροςcommon noun within the clauseπρεσβύτερος: 'elders'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
περιβεβλημένοιclothe / wrap aroundVM · χμπνπμ βάλλω + περιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseβάλλω + περι: 'clothe / wrap around'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σάκκοιςsackclothN2 DPM · σάκκοςcommon noun within the clauseσάκκος: 'sackcloth'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clauseπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
17
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ πρὸς τὸν θεόν οὐκ ἐγὼ εἶπα τοῦ ἀριθμῆσαι ἐν τῷ λαῷ καὶ ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἁμαρτών κακοποιῶν ἐκακοποίησα καὶ ταῦτα τὰ πρόβατα τί ἐποίησαν κύριε ὁ θεός γενηθήτω ἡ χείρ σου ἐν ἐμοὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ μὴ ἐν τῷ λαῷ σου εἰς ἀπώλειαν κύριε
And David said to God, "Was it not I who said that the people should be numbered? Indeed I am the one who sinned and did great evil. But these sheep, what have they done? O Lord God, let your hand be upon me and upon my father's house, and not upon your people for destruction, O Lord."
Royal confession becomes intercession. David contrasts his own culpability with the innocence of the flock and asks that judgment be redirected from the people to the kingly house.
Word-by-word analysis· 52 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςcommon noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEgo: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
εἶπαsayVAI AAI1S · εἶπονfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀριθμῆσαιnumber / countVA AAN · ἀριθμέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἀριθμέω: 'number / count'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEgo: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
εἰμιbeV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁμαρτώνsinVB · ααπνσμ ἁμαρτάνωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἁμαρτάνω: 'sin'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κακοποιῶνdo evil / harmV2 · παπνσμ κακοποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκακοποιέω: 'do evil / harm'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐκακοποίησαdo evil / harmVAI AAI1S · κακοποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEkakopoiesa: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονcommon noun within the clauseπρόβατον: 'sheep'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςphrase element within the clauseτίς: 'what'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςcommon noun within the clauseκύριος: 'Lord'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
γενηθήτωbecome / happenVC APD3S · γίγνομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'become / happen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative head term or subject complementχείρ: 'hand'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐμοὶto meRP DS · ἐγώproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEmoi: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: 'house'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρcommon noun within the clauseπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαcommon noun within the clauseἀπώλεια: 'destruction'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςcommon noun within the clauseκύριος: 'Lord'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
18
καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου εἶπεν τῷ Γαδ τοῦ εἰπεῖν πρὸς Δαυιδ ἵνα ἀναβῇ τοῦ στῆσαι θυσιαστήριον τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν ἅλῳ Ορνα τοῦ Ιεβουσαίου
And the angel of the Lord told Gad to tell David to go up and set up an altar to the Lord on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
The place of threatened destruction becomes the commanded place of worship. Theologically the chapter now turns from plague to sacrifice, from exposed wrath to mediated approach.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἄγγελοςangel / messengerN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΓαδGadN DSM · Γαδproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceGad: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εἰπεῖνsayVB AAN · εἶπονfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationIna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἀναβῇgo upVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseβαίνω + ἀνα: 'go up'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
στῆσαιset up / placeVA AAN · ἵστημιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἵστημι: 'set up / place'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; either the altar of burnt offering or of incense.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἅλῳthreshing floorN3 DS · ἅλωνcommon noun within the clauseἅλων: 'threshing floor'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΟρναOrnaN GSM · Ορναproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙεβουσαίουIeboysaioyN2 GSM · Ιεβουσαῖοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceIeboysaioy: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
19
καὶ ἀνέβη Δαυιδ κατὰ τὸν λόγον Γαδ ὃν ἐλάλησεν ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου
And David went up according to the word of Gad, which he had spoken in the name of the Lord.
Unlike the census command, this movement is explicitly governed by a prophetic word in the Lord's name. Obedience now replaces self-directed kingship.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseβαίνω + ἀνα: 'went up'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λόγονthing / wordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clauseλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓαδGadN GSM · Γαδplace-name in the allotment listGad: transliterated proper name preserved in this Levitical town list.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςdemonstrative or relative element tying the register togetherὅς: 'whom'; relative pronoun linking the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseElalesen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOnomati: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
20
καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν Ορνα καὶ εἶδεν τὸν βασιλέα καὶ τέσσαρες υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ μετ' αὐτοῦ μεθαχαβιν καὶ Ορνα ἦν ἀλοῶν πυρούς
And Ornan turned and saw the king, and his four sons with him hid themselves; and Ornan was threshing wheat.
The threshing floor is still ordinary working space, yet it is suddenly invaded by sacred terror. The hidden sons underline the unsettling presence that has come upon the place.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟρναOrnaN NSM · Ορναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOrna: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clauseὁράω: 'saw'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τέσσαρεςfourA3 NPM · τέσσαρεςadjectival or ordinal modifierτέσσαρες: 'four'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
μεθαχαβινhiding themselvesV · παπνπμ μεθαχαβινfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseμεθαχαβιν: 'hiding themselves'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΟρναOrnaN NSM · Ορναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOrna: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀλοῶνthreshingV3 · παπνσμ ἀλοάωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἀλοάω: 'threshing'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
πυρούςwheatN2 APM · πυρόςcommon noun within the clauseπυρός: 'wheat'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
21
καὶ ἦλθεν Δαυιδ πρὸς Ορναν καὶ Ορνα ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς ἅλω καὶ προσεκύνησεν τῷ Δαυιδ τῷ προσώπῳ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν
And David came to Ornan, and Ornan went out from the threshing floor and bowed to David with his face to the ground.
The encounter is marked by royal deference and ritual gravity. Ornan's bowing acknowledges David's authority even as the true issue is the Lord's claim on the site.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι: 'come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟρνανOrnanN ASM · Ορνανproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrnan: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΟρναOrnaN NSM · Ορναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOrna: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐξῆλθενgo outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExelthen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἅλωthreshing floorN3 GSF · ἅλωνcommon noun within the clauseἅλων: 'threshing floor'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
προσεκύνησενbow down beforeVAI AAI3S · κυνέω + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκυνέω + προς: 'bow down before'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
προσώπῳface / presenceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clauseπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clauseγῆ: 'land'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
22
καὶ εἶπεν Δαυιδ πρὸς Ορνα δός μοι τὸν τόπον σου τῆς ἅλω καὶ οἰκοδομήσω ἐπ' αὐτῷ θυσιαστήριον τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν ἀργυρίῳ ἀξίῳ δός μοι αὐτόν καὶ παύσεται ἡ πληγὴ ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ
And David said to Ornan, "Give me the place of your threshing floor, and I will build on it an altar to the Lord; for full silver give it to me, and the plague will cease from the people."
The request binds sacrifice, ownership, and public deliverance together. David insists that this must become a properly acquired holy place, not an opportunistic seizure.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟρναOrnaN ASM · Ορναproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
δόςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseδίδωμι: 'give'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςcommon noun within the clauseτόπος: 'place'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἅλωthreshing floorN3 GSF · ἅλωνcommon noun within the clauseἅλων: 'threshing floor'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἰκοδομήσωbuildVF FAI1S · οἰκοδομέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; either the altar of burnt offering or of incense.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀργυρίῳsilverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονcommon noun within the clauseἀργύριον: 'silver'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἀξίῳfull / proper / worthyA1A DSN · ἄξιοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἄξιος: 'full / proper / worthy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
δόςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseδίδωμι: 'give'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or groupαὐτόν: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
παύσεταιcease / stopVF FMI3S · παύωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseπαύω: 'cease / stop'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πληγὴplague / blowN1 NSF · πληγήcommon noun within the clauseπληγή: 'plague / blow'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
23
καὶ εἶπεν Ορνα πρὸς Δαυιδ λαβὲ σεαυτῷ καὶ ποιησάτω ὁ κύριός μου ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ἰδὲ δέδωκα τοὺς μόσχους εἰς ὁλοκαύτωσιν καὶ τὸ ἄροτρον καὶ τὰς ἁμάξας εἰς ξύλα καὶ τὸν σῖτον εἰς θυσίαν τὰ πάντα δέδωκα
And Ornan said to David, "Take it for yourself, and let my lord the king do what is good in his sight. See, I have given the calves for burnt offerings, the threshing sledges and the wagons for wood, and the wheat for a grain offering; I give it all."
Ornan's generosity is comprehensive: place, animals, fuel, and grain are all yielded. The offer heightens the nobility of David's refusal to worship through what costs him nothing.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟρναOrnaN NSM · Ορναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOrna: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: 'take'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form referring to the participant already in viewσεαυτοῦ: personal, demonstrative, or related pronominal form; here it points to the participant or item already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ποιησάτωdo / makeVA AAD3S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do / make'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κύριόςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςcommon noun within the clauseκύριος: 'Lord'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASM · ἀγαθόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀγαθός: 'good'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἰδὲsee / considerVB AAD2S · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseIde: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
δέδωκαgiveVX XAI1S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseδίδωμι: 'give'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μόσχουςcalf / oxN2 APM · μόσχοςcommon noun within the clauseμόσχος: 'calf / ox'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὁλοκαύτωσινburnt offeringN3I ASF · ὁλοκαύτωσιςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOlokaytosin: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄροτρονthreshing sledgeN2N ASN · ἄροτρονcommon noun within the clauseἄροτρον: 'threshing sledge'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁμάξαςwagonN1S APF · ἅμαξαcommon noun within the clauseἅμαξα: 'wagon'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ξύλαwood / shaftN2N APN · ξύλονcommon noun within the clauseξύλον: 'wood / shaft'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σῖτονgrain / wheatN2 ASM · σῖτοςcommon noun within the clauseσῖτος: 'grain / wheat'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαcommon noun within the clauseθυσία: 'sacrifice'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δέδωκαgiveVX XAI1S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseδίδωμι: 'give'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
24
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυιδ τῷ Ορνα οὐχί ὅτι ἀγοράζων ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ ἀξίῳ ὅτι οὐ μὴ λάβω ἅ ἐστίν σοι κυρίῳ τοῦ ἀνενέγκαι ὁλοκαύτωσιν δωρεὰν κυρίῳ
But King David said to Ornan, "No; rather, I will certainly buy it for full silver, for I will not take what is yours for the Lord, nor offer a burnt offering to the Lord that costs me nothing."
This is one of the chapter's theological peaks. True sacrifice requires costly giving, not pious appropriation of another man's property.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΟρναOrnaN DSM · Ορναproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
οὐχίnoD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'no'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀγοράζωνbuyingV1 · παπνσμ ἀγοράζωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἀγοράζω: 'buying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἀγοράζωbuyV1 PAI1S · ἀγοράζωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἀγοράζω: 'buy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀργυρίῳsilverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονcommon noun within the clauseἀργύριον: 'silver'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἀξίῳfull / proper / worthyA1A DSN · ἄξιοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἄξιος: 'full / proper / worthy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
λάβωtakeVB AAS1S · λαμβάνωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: 'take'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἅwho / whichRR APN · ὅςphrase element within the clauseὅς: 'who / which'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEstin: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀνενέγκαιoffer upVA AAN · φέρω + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseφέρω + ἀνα: 'offer up'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁλοκαύτωσινburnt offeringN3I ASF · ὁλοκαύτωσιςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOlokaytosin: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
δωρεὰνfree giftN1A ASF · δωρεάcommon noun within the clauseδωρεά: 'free gift'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
25
καὶ ἔδωκεν Δαυιδ τῷ Ορνα ἐν τῷ τόπῳ αὐτοῦ σίκλους χρυσίου ὁλκῆς ἑξακοσίους
And David gave to Ornan for the place six hundred shekels of gold by weight.
The payment secures the site as irrevocably dedicated ground. What had been a threshing floor is now being converted into permanent sacred geography.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryδίδωμι: 'give'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΟρναOrnaN DSM · Ορναproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςcommon noun within the clauseτόπος: 'place'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
σίκλουςshekelN2 APM · σίκλοςcommon noun within the clauseσίκλος: 'shekel'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονcommon noun within the clauseχρυσίον: 'gold'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁλκῆςweightN1 GSF · ὁλκήproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOlkes: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἑξακοσίουςsix hundredA1A APM · ἑξακόσιοιproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceExakosioys: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
26
καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν Δαυιδ ἐκεῖ θυσιαστήριον κυρίῳ καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν ὁλοκαυτώματα καὶ σωτηρίου καὶ ἐβόησεν πρὸς κύριον καὶ ἐπήκουσεν αὐτῷ ἐν πυρὶ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως καὶ κατανάλωσεν τὴν ὁλοκαύτωσιν
And David built there an altar to the Lord and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings, and he cried out to the Lord, and he answered him with fire from heaven upon the altar of burnt offering and consumed the burnt offering.
The response by fire confirms divine acceptance and recalls other foundational altar scenes in Israel's memory. Judgment is not merely halted; it is transformed into worship approved from heaven.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: 'there'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; either the altar of burnt offering or of incense.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνήνεγκενoffer upVAI AAI3S · φέρω + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseφέρω + ἀνα: 'offer up'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὁλοκαυτώματαburnt offeringN3M APN · ὁλοκαύτωμαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOlokaytomata: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
σωτηρίουpeace offeringN2N GSN · σωτήριονcommon noun within the clauseσωτήριον: 'peace offering'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐβόησενcry outVAI AAI3S · βοάωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEboesen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: 'hear favorably'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρcommon noun within the clauseπῦρ: 'fire'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clauseοὐρανός: 'heaven'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; either the altar of burnt offering or of incense.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςburnt offeringN3I GSF · ὁλοκαύτωσιςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOlokaytoseos: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατανάλωσενconsume utterlyVA AAI3S · ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀνα: 'consume utterly'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωσινburnt offeringN3I ASF · ὁλοκαύτωσιςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOlokaytosin: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
27
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς τὸν ἄγγελον καὶ κατέθηκεν τὴν ῥομφαίαν εἰς τὸν κολεόν
And the Lord spoke to the angel, and he returned the sword to its sheath.
The sheathing of the sword makes visible what the sacrifice has accomplished. The plague does not simply expire; it is actively stayed by divine command.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄγγελονangel / messengerN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατέθηκενput back / placeVHI AAI3S · τίθημι + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseτίθημι + κατα: 'put back / place'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clauseῥομφαία: 'sword'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κολεόνsheathN2 ASM · κολεόςcommon noun within the clauseκολεός: 'sheath'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
28
ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἐν τῷ ἰδεῖν τὸν Δαυιδ ὅτι ἐπήκουσεν αὐτῷ κύριος ἐν τῷ ἅλῳ Ορνα τοῦ Ιεβουσαίου καὶ ἐθυσίασεν ἐκεῖ
At that time, when David saw that the Lord had answered him at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite, he sacrificed there.
Experience confirms election. Because the Lord has answered there, David continues to sacrifice there, treating the place as marked out by divine favor.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clauseκαιρός: 'time'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐκείνῳthat oneRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEkeino: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseIdein: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: 'hear favorably'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἅλῳthreshing floorN3 DSN · ἅλωνcommon noun within the clauseἅλων: 'threshing floor'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΟρναOrnaN GSM · Ορναproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceOrna: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙεβουσαίουIeboysaioyN2 GSM · Ιεβουσαῖοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceIeboysaioy: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐθυσίασενsacrificeVAI AAI3S · θυσιάζωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEthysiasen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: 'there'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
29
καὶ σκηνὴ κυρίου ἣν ἐποίησεν Μωυσῆς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ θυσιαστήριον τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἐν Βαμα ἐν Γαβαων
Now the tabernacle of the Lord that Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of burnt offerings, were at that time on the high place in Gibeon,
The verse intentionally juxtaposes the inherited wilderness sanctuary with the newly marked site. The result is a transitional theology: the old center still exists, but the future center has been disclosed elsewhere.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
σκηνὴtabernacle / tentN1 NSF · σκηνήcommon noun within the clauseσκηνή: 'tabernacle / tent'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complementὅς: 'who / whom'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΜωυσῆςMosesN1M NSM · Μωυσῆςancestor-name in the priestly successionMoses: transliterated proper name preserved in this priestly register.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessN2 DSF · ἔρημοςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaἔρημος: 'wilderness'; uncultivated desert region.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N NSN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun within the clauseθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὁλοκαυτωμάτωνof burnt offeringsN3M GPN · ὁλοκαύτωμαcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaὁλοκαύτωμα: 'burnt offerings'; whole-burnt sacrificial offerings.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clauseκαιρός: 'time'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐκείνῳthat oneRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEkeino: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Βαμαhigh placeN DSF · Βαμαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceBama: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓαβαωνGibeonN DSF · Γαβαωνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceGibeon: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
30
καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο Δαυιδ τοῦ πορευθῆναι ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ τοῦ ζητῆσαι τὸν θεόν ὅτι κατέσπευσεν ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς ῥομφαίας ἀγγέλου κυρίου
but David was not able to go before it to seek God, for he was terrified because of the sword of the angel of the Lord.
David's inability to go to Gibeon is not negligence but a sign that history has shifted. Holy fear constrains him to the place where wrath was stopped, and thus the temple site emerges from within judgment itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἠδύνατοwas ableV6I IMI3S · δύναμαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEdynato: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πορευθῆναιgoVC APN · πορεύομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseπορεύομαι: 'go'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionEmprosthen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ζητῆσαιto inquireVA AAN · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clauseζητέω: 'seek'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςcommon noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατέσπευσενhasten in terrorVAI AAI3S · σπεύδω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseσπεύδω + κατα: 'hasten in terror'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clauseπρόσωπον: 'face'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ῥομφαίαςswordN1A GSF · ῥομφαίαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceRomphaias: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἀγγέλουangel / messengerN2 GSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clauseἄγγελος: 'angel / messenger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.