Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 1ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Α′ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Hannah's barrenness, vow, and answered prayer lead to Samuel's birth and dedication to the Lord.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 1 Kingdoms 1 (the LXX title of the book known in the Hebrew canon as 1 Samuel) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. 1 Kingdoms 1 narrates the origin of the prophet Samuel: the Ephraimite Elkanah, his fertile wife Phennana (Peninnah) and his beloved but barren wife Hannah (Αννα); the family's annual pilgrimage to worship κυρίῳ θεῷ σαβαωθ ('the LORD God of Hosts') at Shiloh (Σηλω/Σηλωμ), where Eli (Ηλι) is priest; Hannah's bitter grief and her vow (vv. 10–11) that, if granted a son, she will give him δοτόν ('as a gift, dedicated') to the LORD all his days, with the explicit Nazirite plus καὶ οἶνον καὶ μέθυσμα οὐ πίεται καὶ σίδηρος οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ ('and he shall drink no wine or strong drink, and no razor shall come upon his head', a LXX expansion drawing in Num 6); Eli's mistaking her silent, lip-moving prayer for drunkenness (ἐλογίσατο αὐτὴν Ηλι εἰς μεθύουσαν, v. 13); the birth and naming of Samuel (Σαμουηλ) with the explanatory wordplay ὅτι παρὰ κυρίου θεοῦ σαβαωθ ᾐτησάμην αὐτόν ('because I asked him of the LORD', v. 20); and finally the dedication, where Hannah declares κἀγὼ κιχρῶ αὐτὸν τῷ κυρίῳ ('and I, for my part, lend him to the LORD', v. 28), the verb κίχρημι ('lend') echoing the same שאל ('ask / lend') root that generates Samuel's name. The LXX text carries several pluses over the Masoretic Text (notably the transliterated divine appellations Αδωναι … ελωαι σαβαωθ at v. 11, the Nazirite vow, and the gift-vocabulary δοτόν / κιχρῶ), and uses the Greek form Σηλωμ for Shiloh from v. 21 onward.

1

ἄνθρωπος ἦν ἐξ Αρμαθαιμ Σιφα ἐξ ὄρους Εφραιμ καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ελκανα υἱὸς Ιερεμεηλ υἱοῦ Ηλιου υἱοῦ Θοκε ἐν Νασιβ Εφραιμ

There was a man from Armathaim Sipha, from the hill country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, son of Jeremeel, son of Eliou, son of Thoke, in Nasib of Ephraim.

Narrative opening: introduction of the protagonist (asyndeton)ἄνθρωπος ἦν
The book opens asyndetically (no καί) with an existential clause ἄνθρωπος ἦν ('there was a man'), the classic folktale/saga opening also seen at Job 1:1 and Judg 13:2 LXX. The clause locates Elkanah geographically (the Ephraimite hill country) and genealogically (a four-generation pedigree), establishing the protagonist whose barren wife will become the mother of Samuel.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubject of existential ἦν→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / human being'; renders Hebrew אִישׁ; the anarthrous noun fronted before the verb gives the existential 'there was a (certain) man', a stock saga-opening (cf. Job 1:1; 1 Kgdms 9:1).
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ participant referenceεἰμί: 'be / exist'; the imperfect ἦν renders the Hebrew הָיָה and functions existentially ('there was'), opening the narrative backdrop rather than asserting a punctual event.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source / origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ / ἐξ: 'out of / from'; the form ἐξ stands before a vowel; here it marks geographical origin.
ΑρμαθαιμArmathaimobject of ἐξ (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΑρμαθαιμ: transliteration of Hebrew הָרָמָתַיִם (Ramathaim); indeclinable in the LXX; Elkanah's home town, later identified with Ramah; rendered without case inflection.
ΣιφαSiphaappositional toponym (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣιφα: transliteration of Hebrew צוֹפִים / צוּף (the Zuphite designation, 'Ramathaim-Zophim'); indeclinable; in the LXX it stands as a further qualification of the town's location.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source, parallel)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source, parallel).
ὄρουςthe hill countryGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationὄρος (gen. ὄρους): 'mountain / hill country'; renders הַר; ἐξ ὄρους Εφραιμ ('from the hill country of Ephraim') is the standard LXX designation for the central highlands of the tribe of Ephraim.
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'of Ephraim')→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם; indeclinable; here qualifies ὄρους, naming the tribal territory of the hill country.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject of implied verb (nominal clause: 'his name was')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; the verbless construction ὄνομα αὐτῷ ('a name to him' = 'his name was') is a Hebraism rendering וּשְׁמוֹ, the standard way of introducing a character's name.
αὐτῷto him / hisDativedative of possession (with ὄνομα)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative of possession αὐτῷ ('to him') completes the nominal clause 'his name was Elkanah'; renders the Hebrew possessive suffix on שֵׁם.
ΕλκαναElkanahpredicate of nominal clause (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλκανα: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְקָנָה ('God has created / acquired'); indeclinable in the LXX; the name of Samuel's father, the protagonist introduced here.
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositive to Ελκανα (heads the genealogy)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; the nominative υἱός in apposition to Elkanah opens a four-generation pedigree (son of … son of … son of …).
ΙερεμεηλJeremeelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: father of Elkanah)→ participant identificationΙερεμεηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יְרֹחָם (Jeroham), here in a form approximating Jerahmeel; indeclinable; Elkanah's father in the genealogy.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive (continuing the pedigree)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. υἱοῦ): the genitive links each generation: 'son of Jeremeel, (who was) son of Eliou'.
ΗλιουEliougenitive of relationship (transliterated name)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (transliterated name).
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive (continuing the pedigree)→ relational specificationυἱοῦ: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive (continuing the pedigree).
ΘοκεThokegenitive of relationship (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΘοκε: transliteration of Hebrew תֹּחוּ (Tohu); indeclinable; the earliest named ancestor in Elkanah's pedigree.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΝασιβNasibobject of ἐν (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΝασιβ: transliteration reflecting Hebrew צוּפִי / a locality reading; indeclinable; in the LXX it specifies the place 'in Nasib of Ephraim' where the family resided (a plus/variant against the MT's gentilic 'an Ephraimite').
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'of Ephraim')→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: indeclinable; qualifies Νασιβ, locating the place within the tribal territory of Ephraim.
2

καὶ τούτῳ δύο γυναῖκες ὄνομα τῇ μιᾷ Αννα καὶ ὄνομα τῇ δευτέρᾳ Φεννανα καὶ ἦν τῇ Φεννανα παιδία καὶ τῇ Αννα οὐκ ἦν παιδίον

And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the second was Phennana. And Phennana had children, but Hannah had no child.

Coordinate elaboration: the protagonist's household (the central problem stated)καὶ τούτῳ
v.2 introduces the two wives in a balanced pair, naming Hannah first (the beloved) and Phennana second, then reversing the order to state the crisis: Phennana has children (παιδία, plural), Hannah has none (παιδίον, emphatic singular with οὐκ ἦν). This barren-wife motif aligns Hannah with the matriarchs Sarah, Rebekah and Rachel.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τούτῳto him / this manDativedative of possession (with implied ἦν: 'this man had')→ participant reference or interestοὗτος: the demonstrative dative τούτῳ ('to this one') functions as a dative of possession — 'this man had two wives'; renders the Hebrew construction with לְ.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying γυναῖκες)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable numeral; specifies the bigamous household that sets up the rivalry of the chapter.
γυναῖκεςwivesNominativesubject (of possessive construction: 'two wives')→ participant prominenceγυνή (pl. γυναῖκες): 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; here the two wives whose contrasting fertility drives the narrative tension.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject of nominal clause ('the name ... was')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: the verbless ὄνομα τῇ μιᾷ ('the name to the one') is a Hebraism for 'the name of the first was'.
τῇto theDativearticle (dative of possession with μιᾷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾷone / firstDativesubstantized numeral (dative: 'to the one')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine dative μιᾷ ('to the one [woman]') names the first wife; renders Hebrew הָאַחַת.
ΑνναHannahpredicate of nominal clause (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑννα: transliteration of Hebrew חַנָּה ('grace / favor'); indeclinable in the nominative form here; the barren but beloved wife who is the chapter's protagonist and Samuel's mother.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject of nominal clause (parallel)→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as subject of nominal clause (parallel).
τῇto theDativearticle (dative of possession with δευτέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρᾳsecondDativeordinal adjective (substantized: 'to the second')→ sphere or referenceδεύτερος: 'second'; the feminine dative δευτέρᾳ names the second wife; renders Hebrew הַשֵּׁנִית.
ΦενναναPhennanapredicate of nominal clause (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΦεννανα: transliteration of Hebrew פְּנִנָּה (Peninnah, 'coral / pearl'); indeclinable; the fertile co-wife and Hannah's rival/provoker.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνhad / there wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of possession (with dative τῇ Φεννανα)→ participant referenceεἰμί: the imperfect ἦν with the dative τῇ Φεννανα ('there were to Phennana') expresses possession — 'Phennana had children'; renders the Hebrew הָיוּ + לְ construction.
τῇto theDativearticle (dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦενναναPhennanadative of possession (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΦεννανα: here in a dative construction ('to Phennana'); indeclinable, so the article τῇ carries the case.
παιδίαchildrenNominativesubject of ἦν (possessed item: 'children')→ participant prominenceπαιδίον (pl. παιδία): 'child / little one'; renders יְלָדִים; the plural marks Phennana's fertility, set in deliberate contrast to Hannah's childlessness.
καὶbutcoordinate conjunction (contrastive in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adversative in force ('but'), marking the contrast between Phennana's children and Hannah's barrenness.
τῇto theDativearticle (dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑνναHannahdative of possession (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑννα: in a dative construction ('to Hannah'); indeclinable, the case borne by the article τῇ.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ / οὐκ: the negative before ἦν negates the possession — 'Hannah had no child'.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of possession (negated)→ participant referenceεἰμί: the negated imperfect οὐκ ἦν states Hannah's settled condition of barrenness, the crisis the chapter will resolve.
παιδίονa childNominativesubject of ἦν (singular, emphatic: 'not even one child')→ participant prominenceπαιδίον: the emphatic singular (against the preceding plural παιδία) heightens the pathos — Hannah does not have even a single child; renders יֶלֶד.
3

καὶ ἀνέβαινεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας ἐκ πόλεως αὐτοῦ ἐξ Αρμαθαιμ προσκυνεῖν καὶ θύειν τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ σαβαωθ εἰς Σηλω καὶ ἐκεῖ Ηλι καὶ οἱ δύο υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ Οφνι καὶ Φινεες ἱερεῖς τοῦ κυρίου

And the man would go up from year to year out of his city, from Armathaim, to worship and to sacrifice to the LORD God of Hosts at Shiloh; and there were Eli and his two sons, Ophni and Phinees, priests of the LORD.

Iterative background: the family's annual pilgrimage (habitual frame)καὶ ἀνέβαινεν
The imperfect ἀνέβαινεν establishes a habitual, recurring action ('would go up year by year'), the cultic frame within which Hannah's crisis repeats. The Hebraism ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας ('from days to days') means 'yearly'. The verse introduces the sanctuary at Shiloh and its priestly establishment — Eli and his ill-fated sons Ophni and Phinees — preparing for both Hannah's prayer and the later judgment on Eli's house.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβαινενwould go upImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (iterative imperfect)→ verbal action or stateἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; the technical verb for pilgrimage 'up' to a sanctuary (renders עָלָה); the imperfect marks the action as customary and repeated, the annual rhythm of the family's worship.
theNominativearticle (with ἄνθρωπος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject (Elkanah, the man of v.1)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'the man' (= Elkanah), now articular as a known referent; renders הָאִישׁ.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (temporal Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ / ἐξ: in the idiom ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας it has temporal force ('from … to').
ἡμερῶνdays / yearGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (temporal)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the idiom ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας ('from days to days') is a Hebraism (מִיָּמִים יָמִימָה) meaning 'yearly / from year to year'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (temporal Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal Hebraism).
ἡμέραςdays / yearAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (temporal)→ object specificationἡμέρα (acc. pl. ἡμέρας): completes the temporal idiom; the whole phrase = 'year by year'.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationπόλις (gen. πόλεως): 'city / town'; renders עִיר; here Elkanah's home town, immediately specified as Armathaim.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with πόλεως)→ relational specificationαὐτός: possessive genitive 'his city'.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (appositional source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (appositional source).
ΑρμαθαιμArmathaimobject of ἐξ (indeclinable place name, in apposition to πόλεως)→ participant identificationΑρμαθαιμ: indeclinable; specifies 'his city' as Armathaim (Ramathaim).
προσκυνεῖνto worshipPres Act Inf · προσκυνέωinfinitive of purpose (with ἀνέβαινεν)→ verbal action or stateπροσκυνέω: 'do obeisance / worship / prostrate oneself'; renders הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה; the present infinitive expresses the purpose of the pilgrimage — to render worship at the sanctuary.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two purpose infinitives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θύεινto sacrificePres Act Inf · θύωinfinitive of purpose (coordinate with προσκυνεῖν)→ verbal action or stateθύω: 'sacrifice / slaughter (in offering)'; renders זָבַח; the second purpose of the pilgrimage, paired with worship.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object (recipient of worship and sacrifice)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative κυρίῳ is the recipient of προσκυνεῖν and θύειν; here heading the divine title 'the LORD God of Hosts'.
θεῷGodDativedative in apposition to κυρίῳ→ sphere or referenceθεός (dat. θεῷ): 'God'; in apposition to κυρίῳ; the full title κυρίῳ θεῷ σαβαωθ renders יהוה צְבָאוֹת, 'the LORD of Hosts', appearing here for the first time in the LXX narrative books.
σαβαωθof Hostsindeclinable divine epithet (transliterated)→ clausal contributionσαβαωθ: transliteration of Hebrew צְבָאוֹת ('hosts / armies'); indeclinable; the LXX frequently transliterates rather than translates this military epithet of the divine name, especially in 1–2 Kingdoms and the Prophets.
εἰςat / topreposition + accusative (place of arrival)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'to / into / at'; with the goal of the pilgrimage, the sanctuary location.
ΣηλωShilohobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣηλω: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁלֹה (Shiloh); indeclinable; the central sanctuary in the period of the judges, where the ark and tabernacle rested; spelled Σηλωμ from v. 21 onward.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the priestly note)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (with implied verb 'were')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; locates Eli and his sons at Shiloh; the clause is verbless ('and there [were] Eli …'), a Hebraic nominal construction.
ΗλιElisubject of the verbless clause (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΗλι: transliteration of Hebrew עֵלִי (Eli); indeclinable; the aged priest of Shiloh who will misjudge Hannah and later receive the boy Samuel; distinct from the ancestor Ηλιου of v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying υἱοὶ)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable numeral; Eli's two sons.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (Eli's sons, parallel to Ηλι)→ participant prominenceυἱός (pl. υἱοί): 'sons'; here Eli's two sons, whose wickedness (ch. 2) contrasts with the boy Samuel raised in the same sanctuary.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Eli's)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Eli's).
ΟφνιOphniappositive to υἱοὶ (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΟφνι: transliteration of Hebrew חָפְנִי (Hophni); indeclinable; one of Eli's wicked sons.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦινεεςPhineesappositive to υἱοὶ (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΦινεες: transliteration of Hebrew פִּינְחָס (Phinehas); indeclinable; Eli's other son; not to be confused with the earlier zealous Phinehas son of Eleazar.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativeappositive/predicate (their office: 'priests of the LORD')→ participant prominenceἱερεύς (pl. ἱερεῖς): 'priest'; renders כֹּהֲנִים; designates the priestly office held at Shiloh; the genitive τοῦ κυρίου marks them as priests of YHWH.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with κυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship (whose priests they are)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the genitive marks the priesthood as belonging to YHWH, an ironic note given the sons' later profanation of that office.
4

καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἔθυσεν Ελκανα καὶ ἔδωκεν τῇ Φεννανα γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτῆς καὶ ταῖς θυγατράσιν αὐτῆς μερίδας

And the day came, and Elkanah sacrificed, and he gave portions to Phennana his wife and to her sons and to her daughters;

Narrative onset: a particular sacrifice-day within the yearly frameκαὶ ἐγενήθη
The temporal formula καὶ ἐγενήθη ('and it came to pass') zooms from the iterative frame of v.3 into one representative occasion. The distribution of sacrificial portions (μερίδας) to Phennana and all her children sets up the pointed contrast with the single portion given to childless Hannah in v.5.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηit came to passAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal formula)→ verbal action or stateγίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'become / happen / come to pass'; the formula καὶ ἐγενήθη renders וַיְהִי, the standard Hebrew narrative connector introducing a new episode within a temporal setting.
ἡμέρᾳon a dayDativedative of time (when the event occurred)→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα (dat. ἡμέρᾳ): 'day'; the dative of time fixes the action on a particular sacrifice-day; renders the Hebrew הַיּוֹם / temporal phrase.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (apodosis after ἐγενήθη)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθυσενsacrificedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θύωmain verb (Elkanah's sacrificial act)→ verbal action or stateθύω: 'sacrifice'; the aorist ἔθυσεν narrates the specific offering on this occasion, after which the sacrificial meat is distributed as portions.
ΕλκαναElkanahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλκανα: indeclinable; the subject of the sacrifice and the distribution that follows.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενhe gaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (distribution of portions)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκεν): 'give'; renders נָתַן; here the distribution of sacrificial portions among the household members at the feast.
τῇto theDativearticle (dative recipient)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦενναναPhennanadative indirect object (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΦεννανα: indeclinable; the first recipient of the portions, the case borne by the article τῇ.
γυναικὶwifeDativedative in apposition to Φεννανα→ sphere or referenceγυνή (dat. γυναικί): 'woman / wife'; in apposition, 'Phennana his wife'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Elkanah's wife)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Elkanah's wife).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (dative recipients)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object (her sons)→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. pl. υἱοῖς): 'sons'; Phennana's sons, further recipients of the portions.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (Phennana's)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. f. αὐτῆς): 'her'; refers to Phennana, underscoring that these children are hers and not Hannah's.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςto theDativearticle (dative recipients)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατράσινdaughtersDativedative indirect object (her daughters)→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ (dat. pl. θυγατράσιν): 'daughter'; renders בַּת; the daughters complete the roster of Phennana's children, all sharing in the portions.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (Phennana's)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Phennana's).
μερίδαςportionsAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationμερίς (acc. pl. μερίδας): 'portion / share'; renders מָנוֹת; the sacrificial portions distributed at the feast; the plural for Phennana's family sharpens the contrast with Hannah's single μερίδα in v. 5.
5

καὶ τῇ Αννα ἔδωκεν μερίδα μίαν ὅτι οὐκ ἦν αὐτῇ παιδίον πλὴν ὅτι τὴν Ανναν ἠγάπα Ελκανα ὑπὲρ ταύτην καὶ κύριος ἀπέκλεισεν τὰ περὶ τὴν μήτραν αὐτῆς

but to Hannah he gave a single portion, because she had no child; yet Elkanah loved Hannah more than this one, even though the LORD had closed up the things concerning her womb.

Adversative contrast: Hannah's single portion against Phennana's manyκαὶ τῇ Αννα
The καί is contrastive ('but to Hannah'): against the plural portions of v.4, Hannah receives μερίδα μίαν ('a single portion'), the reason given (ὅτι) being her childlessness. A double qualification follows: πλὴν ὅτι ('except that / yet') asserts Elkanah's preferential love, while the second clause attributes her barrenness directly to the LORD, who 'closed up' her womb — a theme picked up verbatim in v.6.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶbutcoordinate conjunction (contrastive in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: adversative in force here, contrasting Hannah's single portion with the multiple portions given Phennana's family in v.4.
τῇto theDativearticle (dative recipient)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑνναHannahdative indirect object (indeclinable name; case borne by τῇ)→ participant identificationΑννα: transliteration of חַנָּה; treated here as indeclinable with the article τῇ carrying the dative; the fronted 'to Hannah' marks the contrast with Phennana.
ἔδωκενhe gaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: 'give'; the same verb as v.4, but now with the pointed object 'a single portion'.
μερίδαportionAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationμερίς: 'portion / share'; the singular here (against the plural μερίδας of v.4) underlines Hannah's lack of children to share with.
μίανone / singleAccusativeattributive numeral (modifying μερίδα)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine accusative μίαν stresses the singleness of Hannah's portion — a poignant social marker of her barrenness.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (introducing the reason)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / that'; here causal, explaining why Hannah received only one portion.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of possession (negated: 'she had no')→ participant referenceεἰμί: the negated imperfect with the dative αὐτῇ ('there was not to her') restates Hannah's childlessness as the cause of the single portion.
αὐτῇto herDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. f. αὐτῇ): 'to her'; the dative of possession with ἦν.
παιδίονa childNominativesubject of ἦν→ participant prominenceπαιδίον: 'child'; the possessed item, again the emphatic singular underscoring her barrenness.
πλὴνyet / exceptadversative particle (qualifying the foregoing)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / nevertheless / yet'; here introduces a counterbalancing fact — despite Hannah's barrenness, Elkanah loved her preeminently.
ὅτιthatconjunction (with πλήν: 'except that')→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: with πλήν forms the idiom πλὴν ὅτι ('except that / save that'), introducing the qualifying clause of Elkanah's love.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ανναν, marking the accusative object)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑννανHannahaccusative object of ἠγάπα (transliterated name with -ν accusative ending)→ participant identificationΑνναν: the accusative form of Αννα (חַנָּה), here taking a Greek -ν accusative ending under the article τήν; the object of Elkanah's love.
ἠγάπαlovedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀγαπάωmain verb (Elkanah's continuing love)→ verbal action or stateἀγαπάω: 'love'; renders אָהֵב; the imperfect marks Elkanah's love for Hannah as an enduring disposition, set against and outweighing her barrenness.
ΕλκαναElkanahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλκανα: indeclinable; the loving husband whose preference for Hannah heightens the pathos of her barrenness.
ὑπὲρmore thanpreposition + accusative (comparison)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + acc.: 'above / more than'; the comparative idiom ('loved Hannah more than this one') renders the Hebrew comparative construction; cf. ὑπὲρ δέκα τέκνα in v.8.
ταύτηνthis oneAccusativedemonstrative object of ὑπέρ (refers to Phennana)→ participant referenceοὗτος (acc. f. ταύτην): 'this (woman)'; the demonstrative points to Phennana, the rival co-wife, as the standard of comparison for Elkanah's preferential love.
καὶeven though / andcoordinate conjunction (concessive in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here with concessive nuance ('and yet / even though'), linking Elkanah's love to the divine closing of Hannah's womb.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἀπέκλεισεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD is named as the direct agent of Hannah's barrenness — a theologically pointed attribution that the prayer of v.11 will address.
ἀπέκλεισενclosed upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκλείωmain verb (divine closing of the womb)→ verbal action or stateἀποκλείω: 'shut / close up'; renders סָגַר; the LORD's 'closing' of the womb (cf. συνέκλεισεν, v.6; Gen 20:18) presents barrenness as under divine sovereignty, making its reversal a matter of divine remembrance.
τὰthe thingsAccusativesubstantized article (object of ἀπέκλεισεν: 'the things concerning')→ noun-phrase markingὁ, ἡ, τό: the neuter plural article τά substantized with the following prepositional phrase = 'the things concerning her womb', a circumlocution for her reproductive capacity.
περὶconcerningpreposition + accusative (reference)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + acc.: 'concerning / about'; with τά forms the periphrasis 'the things concerning her womb'.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with μήτραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτρανwombAccusativeaccusative object of περί→ object specificationμήτρα: 'womb'; renders רֶחֶם; the organ of fertility whose 'closing' is the locus of Hannah's affliction.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (Hannah's womb)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Hannah's womb).
6

ὅτι οὐκ ἔδωκεν αὐτῇ κύριος παιδίον κατὰ τὴν θλῖψιν αὐτῆς καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀθυμίαν τῆς θλίψεως αὐτῆς καὶ ἠθύμει διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι συνέκλεισεν κύριος τὰ περὶ τὴν μήτραν αὐτῆς τοῦ μὴ δοῦναι αὐτῇ παιδίον

because the LORD had not given her a child, according to her affliction and according to the despondency of her affliction; and she was downcast on this account, that the LORD had shut up the things concerning her womb so as not to give her a child.

Causal expansion: the depth of Hannah's affliction restatedὅτι οὐκ ἔδωκεν
v.6 deepens v.5's note on barrenness, doubling the vocabulary of distress (θλῖψιν … ἀθυμίαν τῆς θλίψεως) and twice naming the LORD as the one who has not given (οὐκ ἔδωκεν) and who has shut up (συνέκλεισεν) her womb. The articular-infinitive purpose clause τοῦ μὴ δοῦναι ('so as not to give') seals the affliction as the settled, divinely-permitted background against which her vow will be made.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; continues the causal explanation of Hannah's grief from v.5.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔδωκεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (negated divine giving)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: 'give'; the negated aorist ('did not give') with κύριος as subject again locates Hannah's barrenness in the divine withholding.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the divine subject of the withholding, repeated for emphasis within the verse.
παιδίονa childAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationπαιδίον: 'child'; the gift withheld; its repetition (vv.5–6, three times) hammers the theme of childlessness.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (measure / correspondence)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / in proportion to'; here introduces the measure of her affliction.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θλῖψιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλῖψινafflictionAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationθλῖψις: 'affliction / distress / tribulation'; renders צָרָה; the standard LXX term for oppressive suffering, here Hannah's grief over barrenness compounded by her rival's taunts.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (measure, parallel)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (measure, parallel).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀθυμίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀθυμίανdespondencyAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationἀθυμία: 'despondency / dejection / loss of heart'; from ἀ- + θυμός ('spirit'); the noun cognate with the verb ἠθύμει that follows; the phrase ἀθυμίαν τῆς θλίψεως ('despondency of her affliction') intensifies the description of her inner state.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with θλίψεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίψεωςafflictionGenitivegenitive (defining ἀθυμίαν: 'despondency of the affliction')→ relational specificationθλῖψις (gen. θλίψεως): repeated from earlier in the verse; the genitive binds her dejection to its cause, her affliction.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθύμειshe was downcastImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀθυμέωmain verb (Hannah's continuing dejection)→ verbal action or stateἀθυμέω: 'be despondent / lose heart / be downcast'; cognate with ἀθυμία above; the imperfect marks Hannah's grief as a persistent condition; the same verb recurs at v.7.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (cause)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + acc.: 'because of / on account of'; with τοῦτο = 'on this account'.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative object of διά (cause)→ participant referenceοὗτος (acc. n. τοῦτο): 'this'; διὰ τοῦτο ('on this account') points forward to the ὅτι-clause specifying the cause of her dejection.
ὅτιthatcausal/epexegetical conjunction (specifying διὰ τοῦτο)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: here epexegetical of διὰ τοῦτο, spelling out the reason: the LORD had shut her womb.
συνέκλεισενshut upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συγκλείωmain verb (divine closing of the womb)→ verbal action or stateσυγκλείω: 'shut up / close together / confine'; renders סָגַר; a near-synonym of ἀπέκλεισεν (v.5), repeating the motif of the LORD's sovereign closing of Hannah's womb.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the third naming of the LORD in two verses as the agent behind Hannah's condition.
τὰthe thingsAccusativesubstantized article (object of συνέκλεισεν)→ noun-phrase markingτά: substantized neuter plural article + περί-phrase = 'the things concerning her womb', repeating the circumlocution of v.5.
περὶconcerningpreposition + accusative (reference)→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (reference).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with μήτραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτρανwombAccusativeaccusative object of περί→ object specificationμήτρα: 'womb'; repeated from v.5, the focal organ of Hannah's affliction.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τοῦso asGenitivearticle governing the infinitive (purpose/result construction)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ + infinitive: the articular genitive infinitive construction τοῦ μὴ δοῦναι expresses purpose or result ('so as not to give'); a frequent LXX rendering of Hebrew לְבִלְתִּי + infinitive.
μὴnotnegative particle (with the infinitive δοῦναι)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative used with infinitives and non-indicative moods; here negates δοῦναι.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιarticular infinitive (purpose/result with τοῦ μή)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι (aor. inf. δοῦναι): 'give'; in the construction τοῦ μὴ δοῦναι ('so as not to give'), the negated articular infinitive states the effect of the LORD's closing — Hannah remains without a child.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object (of δοῦναι)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (of δοῦναι).
παιδίονa childAccusativedirect object of δοῦναι→ object specificationπαιδίον: 'child'; the gift withheld, closing the verse on the same word that opened the affliction-theme.
7

οὕτως ἐποίει ἐνιαυτὸν κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτὸν ἐν τῷ ἀναβαίνειν αὐτὴν εἰς οἶκον κυρίου καὶ ἠθύμει καὶ ἔκλαιεν καὶ οὐκ ἤσθιεν

So she did year by year, whenever she went up to the house of the LORD; and she was downcast and wept and would not eat.

Iterative summary: the recurring yearly pattern of Hannah's griefοὕτως ἐποίει
The chain of imperfects (ἐποίει … ἠθύμει … ἔκλαιεν … οὐκ ἤσθιεν) presents Hannah's grief as an annually repeated ordeal, triggered each time by the pilgrimage 'up to the house of the LORD'. The articular-infinitive ἐν τῷ ἀναβαίνειν locates the recurring crisis precisely in the cultic setting where Phennana's provocation (implied) and Hannah's own longing were sharpest.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὕτωςso / thusadverb of manner (summarizing the foregoing)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; sums up the recurring situation of vv.4–6 and introduces its yearly repetition.
ἐποίειshe didImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (iterative imperfect)→ verbal action or stateποιέω: 'do / make'; the imperfect with ἐνιαυτὸν κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτόν marks the action as recurring annually; the subject is Phennana's provocation/the situation, resulting in Hannah's grief — or Hannah herself in her yearly distress.
ἐνιαυτὸνyearAccusativeaccusative of time (distributive: 'year by year')→ object specificationἐνιαυτός: 'year'; the idiom ἐνιαυτὸν κατ᾿ ἐνιαυτόν ('year by year') renders Hebrew מִדֵּי שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה, expressing annual recurrence.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: in the distributive idiom 'year by year'; elided form κατ᾿ before the vowel.
ἐνιαυτὸνyearAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἐνιαυτός: repeated to complete the distributive idiom 'year by year'.
ἐνin / wheneverpreposition + dative (with articular infinitive: temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: the construction ἐν τῷ ἀναβαίνειν ('in / during the going up') expresses contemporaneous time ('whenever she went up'); a common LXX rendering of the Hebrew בְּ + infinitive construct.
τῷtheDativearticle governing the infinitive ἀναβαίνειν→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβαίνεινgoing upPres Act Inf · ἀναβαίνωarticular infinitive (temporal, with ἐν τῷ)→ verbal action or stateἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the pilgrimage verb of v.3, here in the articular-infinitive temporal construction locating Hannah's grief at each annual ascent to the sanctuary.
αὐτὴνsheAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive ἀναβαίνειν→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. f. αὐτήν): the accusative functions as the subject of the articular infinitive ('her going up' = 'when she went up').
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (goal of the pilgrimage)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; renders בֵּית; οἶκον κυρίου ('the house of the LORD') is the sanctuary at Shiloh, here called a 'house' (temple) though it housed the tabernacle/ark.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (whose house it is)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; marks the sanctuary as the LORD's dwelling.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθύμειshe was downcastImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀθυμέωmain verb (continuing dejection)→ verbal action or stateἀθυμέω: 'be downcast / lose heart'; repeated from v.6; the first of three imperfects describing Hannah's yearly response.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκλαιενweptImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κλαίωmain verb (continuing weeping)→ verbal action or stateκλαίω: 'weep / cry'; renders בָּכָה; the imperfect marks Hannah's recurring tears at each pilgrimage.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἤσθιεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἤσθιενwould eatImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (negated: refusal to eat)→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω: 'eat'; the negated imperfect ('would not eat') depicts Hannah's grief-stricken fasting at the very feast where portions were distributed (vv.4–5); cf. Elkanah's question about her not eating in v.8.
8

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Ελκανα ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς Αννα καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἰδοὺ ἐγώ κύριε καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ τί ἐστίν σοι ὅτι κλαίεις καὶ ἵνα τί οὐκ ἐσθίεις καὶ ἵνα τί τύπτει σε ἡ καρδία σου οὐκ ἀγαθὸς ἐγώ σοι ὑπὲρ δέκα τέκνα

And Elkanah her husband said to her, 'Hannah!' And she said to him, 'Here I am, my lord.' And he said to her, 'What is it with you, that you weep? And why do you not eat? And why does your heart strike you? Am I not better to you than ten children?'

Dialogue: Elkanah's tender but uncomprehending consolationκαὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Ελκανα
A rapid three-fold exchange (εἶπεν … εἶπεν … εἶπεν) frames Elkanah's affectionate but uncomprehending questions. His climactic οὐκ ἀγαθὸς ἐγώ σοι ὑπὲρ δέκα τέκνα ('am I not better to you than ten children?') reveals both his love and his failure to grasp the depth of Hannah's longing, which only the LORD can satisfy — closing unit A on her unrelieved grief.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): 'say'; introduces Elkanah's address to Hannah; the suppletive aorist of λέγω.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object (addressee)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (addressee).
ΕλκαναElkanahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλκανα: indeclinable; the speaker, immediately glossed as 'her husband'.
theNominativearticle (with ἀνὴρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρhusbandNominativeappositive to Ελκανα ('her husband')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man / husband'; renders אִישׁ; in apposition, identifying Elkanah's relationship to Hannah and underlining the marital tenderness of the scene.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship (Hannah's husband)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (Hannah's husband).
ΑνναHannahvocative of direct address (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑννα: indeclinable; here a vocative — Elkanah calls her by name; the abrupt address opens the dialogue.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Hannah's reply)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: introduces Hannah's brief, deferential answer.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object (addressee)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (addressee).
ἰδοὺbehold / herepresentative particle (introducing her response)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look / here'; renders הִנֵּה; in the idiom ἰδοὺ ἐγώ ('here I am') it is the standard LXX response to being summoned (cf. Gen 22:1; Exod 3:4).
ἐγώINominativesubject pronoun (in the idiom 'here I am')→ participant referenceἐγώ: the personal pronoun; ἰδοὺ ἐγώ = 'here I am', a verbless presentative reply rendering הִנֵּנִי.
κύριεmy lordVocativevocative of respectful address (to her husband)→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): here NOT the divine name but a deferential human address — Hannah's respectful 'my lord / sir' to her husband Elkanah; renders אֲדֹנִי, the courteous form of address between persons.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Elkanah's questions)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: the third speech-introduction, opening Elkanah's series of consoling questions.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject of ἐστίν)→ participant referenceτίς, τί: interrogative 'what / why'; here τί ἐστίν σοι ('what is it to you?') is an idiom of solicitous inquiry — 'what is wrong with you?'
ἐστίνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of interrogative clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: 'be'; in τί ἐστίν σοι, the present asks after Hannah's present distress.
σοιto youDativedative of reference (with τί ἐστίν: 'what is it for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'to you'; the dative of reference in the idiom 'what is it with you?'
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing the cause/content)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that / because'; introduces the circumstance prompting the question — 'that you weep'.
κλαίειςyou weepPres Act Indic 2 Sg · κλαίωverb of the ὅτι-clause→ verbal action or stateκλαίω: 'weep'; the second-person present addresses Hannah's current tears, the same verb used of her in v.7.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναwhyinterrogative idiom (with τί: 'why / for what purpose')→ clausal contributionἵνα τί: 'why / for what reason' (lit. 'in order that what?'); a fixed LXX interrogative idiom rendering לָמָּה; introduces Elkanah's second question.
τίwhyinterrogative pronoun (in the idiom ἵνα τί)→ participant referenceτί: in the idiom ἵνα τί ('why').
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐσθίεις)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσθίειςyou eatPres Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐσθίωverb of interrogative clause (negated)→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω: 'eat'; the negated present echoes v.7 (οὐκ ἤσθιεν) — Elkanah notices her fasting.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναwhyinterrogative idiom (with τί)→ clausal contributionἵνα τί: 'why'; introduces Elkanah's third question.
τίwhyinterrogative pronoun (in the idiom ἵνα τί)→ participant referenceτί: in the idiom ἵνα τί ('why').
τύπτειstrikesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · τύπτωverb of interrogative clause→ verbal action or stateτύπτω: 'strike / beat'; the vivid idiom τύπτει σε ἡ καρδία σου ('your heart strikes you') describes inner grief or self-reproach gnawing at Hannah; a striking psychological image.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of τύπτει→ participant referenceσύ (acc. σε): 'you'; the object struck by her own heart.
theNominativearticle (with καρδία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartNominativesubject of τύπτει→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; the seat of emotion and will; here personified as 'striking' Hannah, i.e. tormenting her inwardly.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with καρδία)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with καρδία).
οὐκnotnegative particle (interrogative: expecting 'yes')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: introducing a rhetorical question expecting the answer 'yes' — 'am I not better...?'
ἀγαθὸςgood / betterNominativepredicate adjective (with implied εἰμί)→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: 'good'; in the comparative idiom ἀγαθὸς … ὑπέρ ('good above' = 'better than'), the positive form functions comparatively, rendering the Hebrew comparative טוֹב … מִן.
ἐγώINominativesubject of implied εἰμί→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; Elkanah offers himself ('am I not...?') as worth more to Hannah than many children — tender, yet missing her deepest need.
σοιto youDativedative of advantage (with ἀγαθός: 'good for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'to/for you'; the dative of advantage — Elkanah is 'good for' Hannah.
ὑπὲρmore thanpreposition + accusative (comparison)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + acc.: 'above / more than'; the comparative marker ('better ... than ten children'), the same idiom as v.5.
δέκαtennumeral (modifying τέκνα)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable numeral; a round number for 'many' — Elkanah claims to be worth more to Hannah than a large brood of children.
τέκναchildrenAccusativeaccusative object of ὑπέρ (standard of comparison)→ object specificationτέκνον (pl. τέκνα): 'child / offspring'; renders בָּנִים; the comparison-standard; Elkanah's words are loving but cannot reach the source of Hannah's grief, which she will bring to the LORD.
9

καὶ ἀνέστη Αννα μετὰ τὸ φαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐν Σηλω καὶ κατέστη ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ Ηλι ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐκάθητο ἐπὶ τοῦ δίφρου ἐπὶ τῶν φλιῶν ναοῦ κυρίου

And Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and she stood before the LORD; and Eli the priest was sitting on the seat by the doorposts of the temple of the LORD.

Scene transition: Hannah moves to prayer (opening of unit B)καὶ ἀνέστη Αννα
The aorist ἀνέστη marks the decisive shift from the family meal to Hannah's private approach to God; she 'stood before the LORD' (κατέστη ἐνώπιον κυρίου), the posture of petition. The verse simultaneously positions Eli, seated by the doorposts of the temple, as the observer whose misjudgment will follow — setting the two characters in the same sacred space.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηrose upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (Hannah's rising)→ verbal action or stateἀνίστημι (2 aor. ἀνέστη): 'rise / stand up'; renders קוּם; the rising signals Hannah's resolve to take her grief to the LORD, transitioning from the meal to the sanctuary.
ΑνναHannahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑννα: indeclinable; the subject who rises to pray.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal, with articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; with the articular infinitive τὸ φαγεῖν forms a temporal clause ('after their eating').
τὸtheAccusativearticle governing the infinitive φαγεῖν→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαγεῖνeatingAor Act Inf · ἐσθίωarticular infinitive (temporal, with μετὰ τό)→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω (aor. inf. φαγεῖν): 'eat'; the suppletive aorist infinitive in μετὰ τὸ φαγεῖν ('after the eating') marks the time as following the sacrificial meal.
αὐτοὺςtheyAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive φαγεῖν→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. pl. αὐτούς): the accusative subject of the articular infinitive ('their eating' = 'after they ate').
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣηλωShilohobject of ἐν (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣηλω: indeclinable; the sanctuary town where the meal and Hannah's prayer take place.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστηshe stoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθίστημιmain verb (Hannah took her stand before the LORD)→ verbal action or stateκαθίστημι (2 aor. κατέστη, intrans.): 'take one's stand / present oneself / station oneself'; here Hannah takes up the posture of petition 'before the LORD'; cf. ἡ καταστᾶσα (v.26) where she recalls this very standing.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the standard LXX term for standing before the LORD in worship or petition.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; Hannah stands 'before the LORD', i.e. at the sanctuary where his presence is localized.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the Eli note)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗλιElisubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΗλι: indeclinable; the priest, here introduced as seated observer of Hannah's prayer.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativeappositive to Ηλι ('Eli the priest')→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; identifies Eli's office, lending authority to his (mistaken) observation and his later blessing.
ἐκάθητοwas sittingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb (Eli's seated posture)→ verbal action or stateκάθημαι: 'sit / be seated'; the imperfect describes Eli's settled position, contrasting with Hannah's standing; his seat is at the very threshold of the sanctuary.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position: 'on the seat')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'on / upon'; marks the place where Eli sat.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with δίφρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίφρουseatGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationδίφρος: 'seat / stool / chair'; renders כִּסֵּא; Eli's official seat at the sanctuary entrance, from which he observed worshippers.
ἐπὶbypreposition + genitive (position: 'by the doorposts')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: here 'by / at'; locates the seat beside the temple doorposts.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with φλιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φλιῶνdoorpostsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationφλιά (gen. pl. φλιῶν): 'doorpost / lintel / threshold'; renders מְזוּזָה; locates Eli's seat at the very entrance of the sanctuary, where he could see all who came to pray.
ναοῦtempleGenitivegenitive of relationship (the doorposts of the temple)→ relational specificationναός: 'temple / shrine / sanctuary'; renders הֵיכָל; the Shiloh sanctuary is here called a ναός ('temple'), an anachronistic but standard LXX designation for the pre-Solomonic shrine.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's temple)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; marks the sanctuary as the LORD's dwelling, closing the verse with the same divine name that opened Hannah's petition-posture.
10

καὶ αὐτὴ κατώδυνος ψυχῇ καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον καὶ κλαίουσα ἔκλαυσεν

And she was in bitter anguish of soul, and she prayed to the LORD and wept bitterly.

Inner-state description leading to prayerκαὶ αὐτὴ κατώδυνος
The verbless clause αὐτὴ κατώδυνος ψυχῇ ('she [was] in anguish of soul') frames her emotional state before the prayer-verb. The Hebraizing figura etymologica κλαίουσα ἔκλαυσεν ('weeping she wept' = 'wept bitterly') renders the Hebrew infinitive-absolute intensification, conveying the depth of her grief poured out before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴsheNominativesubject (emphatic, of verbless clause)→ participant referenceαὐτός (nom. f. αὐτή): 'she (herself)'; the emphatic pronoun fronts Hannah's own inner condition.
κατώδυνοςin bitter anguishNominativepredicate adjective (with implied 'was')→ participant prominenceκατώδυνος: 'in deep pain / bitterly grieved'; an intensive compound (κατά + ὀδύνη); describes Hannah's acute distress; renders the Hebrew מָרַת נֶפֶשׁ ('bitter of soul').
ψυχῇin soulDativedative of respect (with κατώδυνος: 'anguished in soul')→ sphere or referenceψυχή (dat. ψυχῇ): 'soul / life / inner self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; the dative of respect specifies the sphere of her anguish — the soul, the seat of life and desire.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσηύξατοshe prayedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσεύχομαιmain verb (act of prayer)→ verbal action or stateπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; renders הִתְפַּלֵּל; the standard LXX term for petitionary prayer to God; introduces the vow that follows in v.11.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of prayer)→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'to / toward'; marks the addressee of the prayer.
κύριονthe LORDAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (addressee of prayer)→ object specificationκύριος (acc. κύριον): rendering of יהוה; the LORD to whom Hannah directs her prayer and vow.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλαίουσαweepingPres Act Part Nom Fem Sg · κλαίωcircumstantial participle (cognate, intensifying ἔκλαυσεν)→ verbal action or stateκλαίω (pres. part. κλαίουσα): 'weep'; the participle κλαίουσα with the finite ἔκλαυσεν forms a figura etymologica ('weeping she wept'), the LXX's standard rendering of the Hebrew infinitive absolute, here intensifying to 'she wept bitterly'.
ἔκλαυσενshe weptAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κλαίωmain verb (intensified by the cognate participle)→ verbal action or stateκλαίω (aor. ἔκλαυσεν): 'weep'; the finite verb of the cognate construction; together with κλαίουσα expresses the depth of Hannah's weeping in prayer.
11

καὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν κυρίῳ λέγουσα Αδωναι κύριε ελωαι σαβαωθ ἐὰν ἐπιβλέπων ἐπιβλέψῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τῆς δούλης σου καὶ μνησθῇς μου καὶ δῷς τῇ δούλῃ σου σπέρμα ἀνδρῶν καὶ δώσω αὐτὸν ἐνώπιόν σου δοτὸν ἕως ἡμέρας θανάτου αὐτοῦ καὶ οἶνον καὶ μέθυσμα οὐ πίεται καὶ σίδηρος οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ

And she vowed a vow to the LORD, saying, 'Adonai, Lord Eloai Sabaoth, if you will indeed look upon the humiliation of your servant and remember me and give to your servant a seed of men, then I will give him before you as a dedicated gift until the day of his death, and he shall drink no wine or strong drink, and no iron shall come upon his head.'

Hannah's vow: the conditional petition at the heart of the chapterκαὶ ηὔξατο εὐχὴν
The cognate object ηὔξατο εὐχήν ('vowed a vow') introduces the chapter's pivotal speech-act. The LXX piles up transliterated divine appellations (Αδωναι κύριε ελωαι σαβαωθ) and frames the petition as an emphatic Hebraistic condition (ἐπιβλέπων ἐπιβλέψῃς, 'if you will surely look'). The apodosis is the vow itself — to give the son back as δοτόν ('a dedicated gift') for life, with a Nazirite plus (no wine or strong drink, no razor/iron on the head) absent from the MT, drawing in the legislation of Num 6.
Word-by-word analysis· 52 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὔξατοshe vowedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · εὔχομαιmain verb (with cognate object εὐχήν)→ verbal action or stateεὔχομαι: 'vow / pray'; renders נָדַר; the cognate construction ηὔξατο εὐχήν ('vowed a vow') renders the Hebrew נָדַר נֶדֶר, a formal solemn vow.
εὐχὴνa vowAccusativecognate accusative (direct object of ηὔξατο)→ object specificationεὐχή: 'vow / prayer'; the cognate accusative with εὔχομαι; renders נֶדֶר; the binding promise Hannah makes to God conditional on receiving a son.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object (recipient of the vow)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): rendering of יהוה; the LORD to whom the vow is made.
λέγουσαsayingPres Act Part Nom Fem Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (pres. part. λέγουσα): 'saying'; the participle introduces the words of the vow, calquing the Hebrew לֵאמֹר that marks the onset of direct speech.
ΑδωναιAdonaivocative divine appellation (transliterated, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑδωναι: transliteration of Hebrew אֲדֹנָי ('my Lord'); indeclinable; the LXX here transliterates rather than translates, piling up divine titles at the opening of the prayer — a solemn invocation (a plus over the MT).
κύριεO LordVocativevocative of divine address→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): here the divine address — Hannah invokes the LORD (rendering יהוה); part of the chain of solemn divine appellations opening the vow.
ελωαιEloai / Godvocative divine appellation (transliterated, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionελωαι: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלֹהַי / אֱלֹהֵי ('my God / God of'); indeclinable; another untranslated divine title in the invocation, characteristic of this LXX expansion.
σαβαωθSabaoth / of Hostsindeclinable divine epithet (transliterated)→ clausal contributionσαβαωθ: transliteration of Hebrew צְבָאוֹת ('hosts'); indeclinable; completes the four-fold divine invocation Αδωναι κύριε ελωαι σαβαωθ.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (protasis with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the conditional protasis of the vow, governing the subjunctives ἐπιβλέψῃς, μνησθῇς, δῷς.
ἐπιβλέπωνlookingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · ἐπιβλέπωcognate participle (intensifying ἐπιβλέψῃς: Hebraism)→ verbal action or stateἐπιβλέπω (pres. part. ἐπιβλέπων): 'look upon / regard'; the participle with the finite ἐπιβλέψῃς forms a figura etymologica rendering the Hebrew infinitive absolute (אִם רָאֹה תִרְאֶה), 'if you will indeed look'.
ἐπιβλέψῃςyou lookAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ἐπιβλέπωverb of conditional protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ verbal action or stateἐπιβλέπω (aor. subj. ἐπιβλέψῃς): the finite verb of the emphatic condition; 'look upon' God's gracious regard of the afflicted (cf. Luke 1:48, which echoes this verse: ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ τὴν ταπείνωσιν).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (object of looking)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon / on'; marks what the LORD is asked to look upon.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ταπείνωσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπείνωσινhumiliationAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationταπείνωσις: 'humiliation / low estate / affliction'; renders עֳנִי; Hannah asks God to regard her humiliated condition; the phrase is famously echoed in the Magnificat (Luke 1:48), which draws heavily on Hannah's prayer and song.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with δούλης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληςservantGenitivegenitive of possession (whose humiliation)→ relational specificationδούλη: 'female slave / servant / handmaid'; renders אָמָה / שִׁפְחָה; Hannah's self-designation 'your servant' expresses humble dependence before God; cf. Mary's δούλη κυρίου (Luke 1:38).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's servant)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): 'your'; binds the servant to the LORD addressed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second clause of protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνησθῇςyou rememberAor Pass Subj 2 Sg · μιμνῄσκομαιverb of conditional protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ verbal action or stateμιμνῄσκομαι (aor. pass. subj. μνησθῇς): 'remember / call to mind'; renders זָכַר; divine 'remembering' is covenantal action on behalf of the one remembered (cf. Gen 8:1; 30:22); fulfilled at v.19 (ἐμνήσθη αὐτῆς κύριος).
μουmeGenitivegenitive object of μνησθῇς (remembering takes the genitive)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. μου): 'me'; the genitive object of the verb of remembering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (third clause of protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῷςyou giveAor Act Subj 2 Sg · δίδωμιverb of conditional protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι (aor. subj. δῷς): 'give'; the climactic petition — that God grant a son; answered in the giving/lending vocabulary of vv.27–28.
τῇto theDativearticle (with δούλῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῃservantDativedative indirect object (of δῷς)→ sphere or referenceδούλη (dat. δούλῃ): 'servant / handmaid'; repeated from earlier in the verse, reinforcing Hannah's humble self-designation as recipient of the gift.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
σπέρμαseed / offspringAccusativedirect object of δῷς→ object specificationσπέρμα: 'seed / offspring'; renders זֶרַע; the requested gift; the phrase σπέρμα ἀνδρῶν ('a seed of men') is a Hebraism (זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים) meaning specifically a male child.
ἀνδρῶνof menGenitivegenitive (qualifying σπέρμα: 'seed of men' = a male child)→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. pl. ἀνδρῶν): 'man / male'; the phrase σπέρμα ἀνδρῶν specifies that Hannah asks for a male offspring; renders the Hebrew idiom זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים.
καὶthen / andcoordinate conjunction (apodosis: 'then I will give')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: introduces the apodosis of the vow ('then I will give him...'); a Hebraizing use of καί for the consequent clause.
δώσωI will giveFut Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (apodosis: Hannah's vowed gift)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι (fut. δώσω): 'give'; Hannah's promise to give the child back to the LORD; the same verb δίδωμι runs through the chapter (gift/give/lend vocabulary), binding petition and dedication.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of δώσω (the promised son)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτόν): 'him'; the son to be given; anticipates Samuel before he is named or born.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; the child will be given to serve 'before the LORD' at the sanctuary.
σουyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): 'you'; the LORD before whom the child will be given to serve.
δοτὸνas a dedicated giftVerbal Adj Acc Masc Sg · δίδωμιpredicate verbal adjective (with αὐτόν: 'given as a gift')→ verbal action or stateδοτός: 'given / granted (as a gift)'; verbal adjective from δίδωμι; here a predicate accusative — the son is given 'as a dedicated gift' to the LORD; the gift-language anticipates κιχρῶ ('I lend', v.28) and binds the vow to the dedication.
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal limit)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; marks the duration of the dedication — for the whole of the child's life.
ἡμέραςthe dayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal)→ relational specificationἡμέρα (gen. ἡμέρας): 'day'; ἕως ἡμέρας θανάτου αὐτοῦ ('until the day of his death') = for life; the dedication is lifelong.
θανάτουof deathGenitivegenitive of relationship (the day of death)→ relational specificationθάνατος (gen. θανάτου): 'death'; defines the terminal day; the gift is permanent, not temporary service.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the child's death)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the child's death).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the Nazirite plus)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: introduces the additional Nazirite stipulations (a LXX plus over the MT).
οἶνονwineAccusativedirect object of πίεται (fronted)→ object specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; renders יַיִן; the first item of the Nazirite abstention (cf. Num 6:3); the LXX makes Samuel a lifelong Nazirite, a detail absent from the MT here.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέθυσμαstrong drinkAccusativedirect object of πίεται (coordinate with οἶνον)→ object specificationμέθυσμα: 'intoxicating drink / strong drink'; renders שֵׁכָר; the second item of the Nazirite abstention; the pairing 'wine and strong drink' is standard (cf. Num 6:3; Lev 10:9).
οὐnotnegative particle (with πίεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πίεταιhe shall drinkFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · πίνωmain verb (Nazirite prohibition, negated)→ verbal action or stateπίνω (fut. mid. πίεται): 'drink'; the negated future has prohibitive force — the dedicated son will never drink wine or strong drink, marking his Nazirite consecration.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second Nazirite stipulation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σίδηροςiron / razorNominativesubject of ἀναβήσεται→ participant prominenceσίδηρος: 'iron'; here metonymy for a razor/iron blade; renders the מוֹרָה ('razor') of the Nazirite law (Num 6:5; cf. Judg 13:5 of Samson); no blade shall touch the child's head.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀναβήσεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβήσεταιshall come upFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (Nazirite prohibition, negated)→ verbal action or stateἀναβαίνω (fut. mid. ἀναβήσεται): 'go up / come up'; the idiom 'iron shall not come up on his head' renders the Nazirite prohibition of cutting the hair (Num 6:5); seals the lifelong consecration of the son.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (direction onto)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction onto).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; renders רֹאשׁ; the uncut hair on the head is the visible sign of the Nazirite vow, here imposed on Samuel for life.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the child's head)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the child's head).
12

καὶ ἐγενήθη ὅτε ἐπλήθυνεν προσευχομένη ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ Ηλι ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐφύλαξεν τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς

And it came to pass, while she was praying long before the LORD, that Eli the priest was watching her mouth.

Scene-shift to Eli's observation (setting up the misunderstanding)καὶ ἐγενήθη ὅτε
The καὶ ἐγενήθη ὅτε construction shifts focus from Hannah's prayer to Eli's watching. ἐπλήθυνεν προσευχομένη ('she multiplied praying' = 'prayed at length') sets up the duration during which Eli observes only her moving lips (τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς), preparing for his mistaken inference of drunkenness in v.13.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηit came to passAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal formula)→ verbal action or stateγίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): the formula καὶ ἐγενήθη ὅτε ('and it came to pass when') renders וַיְהִי כִּי, shifting the narrative spotlight from Hannah to Eli.
ὅτεwhen / whiletemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: 'when / while'; introduces the temporal clause describing Hannah's prolonged prayer.
ἐπλήθυνενshe prayed longAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πληθύνωmain verb of temporal clause (with the participle προσευχομένη)→ verbal action or stateπληθύνω: 'multiply / increase / make abundant'; here intransitive with the supplementary participle προσευχομένη ('she multiplied praying' = 'she prayed at great length'), a Hebraic idiom for prolonged prayer.
προσευχομένηprayingPres Mid Part Nom Fem Sg · προσεύχομαιsupplementary participle (completing ἐπλήθυνεν: 'prayed at length')→ verbal action or stateπροσεύχομαι (pres. part. προσευχομένη): 'praying'; the participle completes ἐπλήθυνεν, expressing that Hannah prayed continuously and at length.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; locates the prayer at the sanctuary, before the LORD.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; the one before whom Hannah prays.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (apodosis: shift to Eli)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗλιElisubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΗλι: indeclinable; the observing priest.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativeappositive to Ηλι→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; Eli's office, repeated from v.9.
ἐφύλαξενwatchedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φυλάσσωmain verb (Eli's observation)→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: 'guard / watch / observe closely'; here 'kept watching / observed' Hannah's mouth; the verb conveys attentive scrutiny that nonetheless leads to a false conclusion.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στόμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthAccusativedirect object of ἐφύλαξεν→ object specificationστόμα: 'mouth'; renders פֶּה; Eli watches her lips moving (cf. v.13) without sound, the visual basis for his drunkenness assumption.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (Hannah's mouth)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Hannah's mouth).
13

καὶ αὐτὴ ἐλάλει ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ χείλη αὐτῆς ἐκινεῖτο καὶ φωνὴ αὐτῆς οὐκ ἠκούετο καὶ ἐλογίσατο αὐτὴν Ηλι εἰς μεθύουσαν

Now she was speaking in her heart, and her lips were moving, but her voice was not heard; and Eli reckoned her to be a drunken woman.

Explanatory background: the nature of silent prayer and Eli's false inferenceκαὶ αὐτὴ ἐλάλει
Three imperfects (ἐλάλει … ἐκινεῖτο … οὐκ ἠκούετο) describe the phenomenon of silent, interiorized prayer — a remarkable early depiction of inaudible devotion. The conclusion ἐλογίσατο αὐτὴν Ηλι εἰς μεθύουσαν ('Eli reckoned her a drunk woman') states the misjudgment that the dialogue of vv.14–16 will correct.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶnow / andnarrative conjunction (introducing explanatory background)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴsheNominativesubject (emphatic)→ participant referenceαὐτός (nom. f. αὐτή): the emphatic pronoun draws attention to Hannah's own manner of praying.
ἐλάλειwas speakingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (manner of her prayer)→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: 'speak'; the imperfect describes Hannah's continuous interior prayer — speaking 'in her heart', i.e. silently.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative/sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative/sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with καρδίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of place/sphere (where she spoke)→ sphere or referenceκαρδία (dat. καρδίᾳ): 'heart'; renders לֵב; 'speaking in her heart' denotes silent, inward prayer — the words formed without audible voice.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with χείλη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείληlipsNominativesubject of ἐκινεῖτο→ participant prominenceχεῖλος (pl. χείλη): 'lip / edge'; renders שָׂפָה; the moving lips without sound are precisely what Eli sees and misreads.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκινεῖτοwere movingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κινέωmain verb (neuter plural subject takes singular verb)→ verbal action or stateκινέω (impf. mid./pass. ἐκινεῖτο): 'move / set in motion'; the neuter plural subject τὰ χείλη takes a singular verb (standard Greek); her lips moved continuously in silent prayer.
καὶbutcoordinate conjunction (contrastive in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adversative ('but'), contrasting the moving lips with the absence of audible voice.
φωνὴvoiceNominativesubject of ἠκούετο→ participant prominenceφωνή: 'voice / sound'; renders קוֹל; the absence of audible voice is the crux of Eli's misjudgment.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἠκούετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἠκούετοwas heardImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (passive: her voice was not heard)→ verbal action or stateἀκούω (impf. pass. ἠκούετο): 'hear'; the passive 'her voice was not heard' confirms the prayer was entirely silent — the visual of moving lips with no sound is what Eli mistakes for drunken muttering.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (drawing the inference)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλογίσατοreckonedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · λογίζομαιmain verb (Eli's mistaken conclusion)→ verbal action or stateλογίζομαι: 'reckon / count / regard as'; the construction λογίζομαι … εἰς ('reckon as') is a Hebraism (חָשַׁב לְ); Eli wrongly 'counts her as' a drunk woman, a judgment soon overturned.
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object of ἐλογίσατο→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. f. αὐτήν): 'her'; the object of Eli's mistaken estimation.
ΗλιElisubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΗλι: indeclinable; the priest who misjudges Hannah's silent devotion.
εἰςaspreposition + accusative (predicate: 'as' in the λογίζομαι εἰς idiom)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: in the idiom λογίζομαι εἰς ('reckon as / count for'), a Hebraism; 'reckoned her as a drunk woman'.
μεθύουσανa drunken womanPres Act Part Acc Fem Sg · μεθύωsubstantized participle (predicate of the λογίζομαι εἰς construction)→ verbal action or stateμεθύω (pres. part. μεθύουσαν): 'be drunk'; the feminine participle substantized = 'a drunken woman'; Eli's false categorization, which Hannah's reply (vv.15–16) will firmly reject.
14

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ τὸ παιδάριον Ηλι ἕως πότε μεθυσθήσῃ περιελοῦ τὸν οἶνόν σου καὶ πορεύου ἐκ προσώπου κυρίου

And Eli's servant said to her, 'How long will you be drunk? Put away your wine and go from before the LORD.'

Rebuke based on the false inference (the misunderstanding voiced)καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ
The rebuke voices the mistaken judgment of v.13. (The subject τὸ παιδάριον Ηλι — 'the servant/lad of Eli' — is a noted crux of the Greek text; the MT and the narrative flow assign the speech to Eli himself.) The interrogative ἕως πότε ('how long?') and the imperatives περιελοῦ … πορεύου frame the words as a sharp correction aimed at expelling the supposedly drunk woman from the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: introduces the rebuke addressed to Hannah.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object (addressee)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (addressee).
τὸtheNominativearticle (with παιδάριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονservant / ladNominativesubject of εἶπεν (textual crux)→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'young servant / lad / attendant'; renders נַעַר; here the subject of the speech in the Greek text (τὸ παιδάριον Ηλι, 'the servant of Eli'), a noted divergence from the MT where Eli himself speaks; the same word designates the boy Samuel later (vv.22, 24–25, 27).
Ηλιof Eligenitive of relationship (indeclinable name: 'servant of Eli')→ participant identificationΗλι: indeclinable; in this construction taken as a genitive of relationship, 'the servant/lad of Eli' — though the speech-content is the priest's own rebuke.
ἕωςuntil / howpreposition (in the interrogative idiom ἕως πότε)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: in the idiom ἕως πότε ('how long? / until when?'), a rebuking question; renders עַד מָתַי.
πότεwheninterrogative adverb (with ἕως: 'how long')→ clausal contributionπότε: interrogative 'when'; with ἕως forms the impatient 'how long will you...?'
μεθυσθήσῃwill you be drunkFut Pass Indic 2 Sg · μεθύσκωverb of the rebuke-question→ verbal action or stateμεθύσκω (fut. pass. μεθυσθήσῃ): 'make drunk' (pass. 'get drunk'); the future in the indignant question presumes the false charge of drunkenness.
περιελοῦput awayAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · περιαιρέωmain verb (imperative command)→ verbal action or stateπεριαιρέω (aor. mid. impv. περιελοῦ): 'take away / remove from oneself'; the command 'put away your wine' = 'sober up / be rid of your drink', presuming intoxication.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶνόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνόνwineAccusativedirect object of περιελοῦ→ object specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; the supposed cause of her behavior; ironic, since Hannah has vowed her son will never touch wine (v.11) and herself protests she has drunk none (v.15).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύουgoPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (imperative command)→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι (pres. impv. πορεύου): 'go / proceed'; the command to leave the LORD's presence, treating Hannah as one unfit to remain in the sanctuary.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/departure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/departure).
προσώπουpresence / faceGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (idiomatic: 'from before')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; the idiom ἐκ προσώπου ('from before') renders מִלִּפְנֵי; 'go from before the LORD' = leave the sanctuary.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship (the LORD's presence)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; the divine presence from which Hannah is told to withdraw — a command tragically wrong, since she is precisely the one rightly seeking that presence.
15

καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Αννα καὶ εἶπεν οὐχί κύριε γυνή ᾗ σκληρὰ ἡμέρα ἐγώ εἰμι καὶ οἶνον καὶ μέθυσμα οὐ πέπωκα καὶ ἐκχέω τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐνώπιον κυρίου

And Hannah answered and said, 'No, my lord; I am a woman for whom the day is hard, and I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink; and I am pouring out my soul before the LORD.'

Rebuttal: Hannah corrects the misjudgmentκαὶ ἀπεκρίθη Αννα
Hannah's reply (ἀπεκρίθη … καὶ εἶπεν, a Hebraic doublet for 'answered and said') refutes the charge point by point: she is not drunk but grieved ('a woman of a hard day'), has drunk neither wine nor strong drink (echoing the vow's vocabulary, v.11), and is in fact pouring out her soul before the LORD — the very opposite of drunken folly.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (Hannah's response)→ verbal action or stateἀποκρίνομαι (aor. pass. ἀπεκρίθη): 'answer / reply'; renders עָנָה; the doublet ἀπεκρίθη … καὶ εἶπεν ('answered and said') is a Hebraism marking formal reply.
ΑνναHannahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑννα: indeclinable; the one who answers the rebuke.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the answer-doublet)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (completing the speech-doublet)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: the second member of the 'answered and said' doublet introducing Hannah's words.
οὐχίnoemphatic negative (denial of the charge)→ clausal contributionοὐχί: emphatic 'no / not at all'; Hannah's firm denial of the accusation of drunkenness.
κύριεmy lordVocativevocative of respectful human address (to Eli)→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): here NOT the divine name but Hannah's deferential 'my lord / sir' addressed to Eli the priest; renders אֲדֹנִי, the courteous form of address.
γυνήa womanNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐγώ εἰμι)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; Hannah's self-identification; the relative clause that follows characterizes her condition.
for whomDativerelative pronoun (dative of possession in the relative clause)→ participant reference or interestὅς, ἥ, ὅ (dat. f. ᾗ): relative pronoun; the dative ᾗ σκληρὰ ἡμέρα ('to whom is a hard day') is a dative of possession — 'a woman whose day/lot is hard'.
σκληρὰhardNominativepredicate adjective (with ἡμέρα in the relative clause)→ participant prominenceσκληρός: 'hard / harsh / difficult'; renders קָשֶׁה; describes the harshness of Hannah's lot; the phrase σκληρὰ ἡμέρα ('a hard day') is a Hebraism (קְשַׁת־יוֹם) for one in bitter circumstances.
ἡμέραdayNominativesubject of the relative clause ('whose day is hard')→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; here in the idiom 'a woman of a hard day' = one whose circumstances are grievous; renders the Hebrew קְשַׁת־רוּחַ / קְשַׁת־יוֹם.
ἐγώINominativesubject (emphatic, with εἰμι)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; 'I am [such] a woman' — Hannah insists on her true identity against Eli's mislabeling.
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication of identity)→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: 'be'; the copula of Hannah's self-identification, 'I am a woman of a hard day'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶνονwineAccusativedirect object of πέπωκα (fronted)→ object specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; the first of the denied drinks; the pairing οἶνον καὶ μέθυσμα exactly echoes the Nazirite vocabulary of v.11.
καὶand / norcoordinate conjunction (with negation: 'neither ... nor')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέθυσμαstrong drinkAccusativedirect object of πέπωκα (coordinate with οἶνον)→ object specificationμέθυσμα: 'strong drink'; the second denied drink; Hannah declares she has consumed neither, directly rebutting the drunkenness charge.
οὐnotnegative particle (with πέπωκα)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέπωκαI have drunkPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · πίνωmain verb (negated: denial of drinking)→ verbal action or stateπίνω (perf. πέπωκα): 'drink'; the perfect 'I have drunk' (negated) emphasizes Hannah's present sober state as the result of having consumed nothing — a categorical denial.
καὶbutcoordinate conjunction (contrastive: 'but rather')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adversative, contrasting the false charge with the true explanation — she is pouring out her soul.
ἐκχέωI am pouring outPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐκχέωmain verb (her true activity)→ verbal action or stateἐκχέω: 'pour out'; the idiom 'pour out the soul (before the LORD)' renders שָׁפַךְ נֶפֶשׁ / לֵב (cf. Ps 42:5; Lam 2:19); a vivid image of unreserved, tearful prayer — the true nature of what Eli misread.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ψυχήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulAccusativedirect object of ἐκχέω→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul / life / inner self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; the soul 'poured out' is the whole of Hannah's grief and longing laid before God.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; locates her prayer before the LORD, refuting the suggestion she should leave his presence (v.14).
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; the one before whom Hannah pours out her soul.
16

μὴ δῷς τὴν δούλην σου εἰς θυγατέρα λοιμήν ὅτι ἐκ πλήθους ἀδολεσχίας μου ἐκτέτακα ἕως νῦν

Do not give your servant over as a worthless daughter, for out of the abundance of my complaint I have prolonged my prayer until now.

Plea: Hannah asks not to be misjudgedμὴ δῷς
Hannah's closing plea (μὴ δῷς … εἰς θυγατέρα λοιμήν, 'do not reckon your servant a worthless daughter') asks Eli not to count her among the dissolute. The causal ὅτι explains her prolonged behavior: it springs ἐκ πλήθους ἀδολεσχίας μου ('from the abundance of my anxious complaint'), not from drink — completing her self-defense before the priest relents.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μὴnotnegative particle (with prohibitive subjunctive δῷς)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative used with the subjunctive in prohibitions; here introduces Hannah's plea.
δῷςgive / reckonAor Act Subj 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (prohibitive subjunctive)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι (aor. subj. δῷς): 'give'; in the idiom δίδωμι … εἰς ('give over / reckon as'), Hannah pleads that Eli not 'set her down as' a worthless woman; a Hebraism (נָתַן … לְ).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with δούλην)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληνservantAccusativedirect object of δῷς→ object specificationδούλη (acc. δούλην): 'female servant / handmaid'; Hannah's continued humble self-designation 'your servant', as in the vow (v.11).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςaspreposition + accusative (predicate: 'as' in the δίδωμι εἰς idiom)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: in the idiom 'give/reckon as'; introduces the category Hannah begs not to be placed in.
θυγατέραdaughterAccusativepredicate accusative (the category: 'a worthless daughter')→ object specificationθυγάτηρ (acc. θυγατέρα): 'daughter'; here in the phrase 'a worthless daughter / a daughter of Belial', the idiom for a dissolute or vile woman; renders בַּת־בְּלִיַּעַל.
λοιμήνworthless / pestilentAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θυγατέρα)→ object specificationλοιμός (fem. λοιμή): lit. 'pestilent / plague-like', hence 'worthless / good-for-nothing'; the LXX renders the Hebrew בְּלִיַּעַל ('Belial / worthlessness') with this adjective — 'a daughter of Belial', a vile woman; Hannah begs not to be so classed.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the explanation of her prolonged, intense behavior at prayer.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source/cause)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'out of / from'; marks the source of her prolonged prayer — the abundance of her complaint.
πλήθουςabundanceGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationπλῆθος (gen. πλήθους): 'multitude / abundance / fullness'; renders רֹב; 'out of the abundance of my complaint' = because my anxious lament is so great.
ἀδολεσχίαςcomplaint / musingGenitivegenitive (defining πλήθους: 'abundance of complaint')→ relational specificationἀδολεσχία: 'talkativeness / musing / anxious complaint / meditation'; renders שִׂיחַ ('complaint, musing'); here Hannah's grief-laden, prolonged prayerful lament — the true cause of her behavior, not drink.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκτέτακαI have prolongedPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐκτείνωmain verb (her drawn-out prayer)→ verbal action or stateἐκτείνω (perf. ἐκτέτακα): 'stretch out / extend / prolong'; here intransitive/elliptical, 'I have prolonged [my prayer / speaking]' — Hannah has drawn out her petition continuously up to the present; the perfect stresses the ongoing result.
ἕωςuntilpreposition/adverb (temporal limit, with νῦν)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until'; with νῦν = 'until now', marking the duration of her prayer.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (with ἕως: 'until now')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; ἕως νῦν ('until now') marks the present moment as the endpoint of her prolonged praying.
17

καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ηλι καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ δῴη σοι πᾶν αἴτημά σου ὃ ᾐτήσω παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ

And Eli answered and said to her, 'Go in peace; may the God of Israel grant you your every petition which you have asked of him.'

Resolution: Eli's blessing reverses the rebukeκαὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ηλι
Eli's reply (again the Hebraic ἀπεκρίθη … καὶ εἶπεν) reverses his earlier command 'go from before the LORD' (v.14) into a blessing, 'go in peace'. The optative δῴη ('may [he] grant') invokes the God of Israel to fulfill Hannah's petition, the priest's authoritative word effectively sealing her vow's acceptance.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (Eli's reply)→ verbal action or stateἀποκρίνομαι (aor. pass. ἀπεκρίθη): 'answer'; the doublet 'answered and said' introduces Eli's now-gracious response.
ΗλιElisubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΗλι: indeclinable; the priest, now blessing rather than rebuking.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the answer-doublet)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (completing the doublet)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: the second member of 'answered and said', introducing Eli's blessing.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
πορεύουgoPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (imperative of dismissal-blessing)→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι (pres. impv. πορεύου): 'go'; the same imperative as the rebuke (v.14), now transformed into a blessing — 'go in peace' (πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην), the standard formula of gracious dismissal (cf. Luke 7:50).
εἰςin / intopreposition + accusative (goal/state)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'into / in'; in πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην ('go into peace') marks the state of well-being into which Hannah is sent.
εἰρήνηνpeaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationεἰρήνη: 'peace / well-being'; renders שָׁלוֹם; the blessing-formula 'go in peace' wishes Hannah wholeness and the granting of her plea.
theNominativearticle (with θεὸς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of δῴη→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; here ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ('the God of Israel'), the covenant title invoked by Eli as the granter of Hannah's request.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'God of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; in the title 'the God of Israel', the covenant designation of the LORD.
δῴηmay he grantAor Act Opt 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (optative of blessing/wish)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι (aor. opt. δῴη): 'give / grant'; the optative of wish expresses Eli's blessing-prayer that God grant Hannah's petition; the verb δίδωμι again, binding the priest's blessing to the chapter's give/grant theme.
σοιto youDativedative indirect object (of δῴη)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'to you'; the recipient of the hoped-for grant.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying αἴτημα)→ object specificationπᾶς (acc. n. πᾶν): 'all / every'; 'your every petition' — Eli's blessing is comprehensive.
αἴτημάpetitionAccusativedirect object of δῴη→ object specificationαἴτημα: 'request / petition'; renders שְׁאֵלָה (from the root שאל, 'ask'); the same root underlies Samuel's naming (v.20) and the chapter's pervasive ask/grant/lend wordplay.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾐτήσω)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ (acc. n. ὅ): relative pronoun; introduces the clause specifying the petition Hannah has asked.
ᾐτήσωyou askedAor Mid Indic 2 Sg · αἰτέωverb of the relative clause→ verbal action or stateαἰτέω (aor. mid. ᾐτήσω): 'ask / request'; the middle here ('you asked for yourself'); the verb αἰτέω (root שאל) recurs in Hannah's explanation of Samuel's name (v.20, ᾐτησάμην) and at vv.27–28.
παρ᾿of / frompreposition + genitive (source: 'from him')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; elided παρ᾿ before the vowel; marks God as the one from whom the petition was sought.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of παρά (refers to God)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτοῦ): 'him'; refers to the God of Israel, the source of the petition's granting.
18

καὶ εἶπεν εὗρεν ἡ δούλη σου χάριν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἡ γυνὴ εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῆς καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ κατάλυμα αὐτῆς καὶ ἔφαγεν μετὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς καὶ ἔπιεν καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς οὐ συνέπεσεν ἔτι

And she said, 'Your servant has found favor in your eyes.' And the woman went on her way and entered her lodging, and ate with her husband and drank; and her face was no longer downcast.

Closure of unit B: Hannah's faith and restored composureκαὶ εἶπεν
Hannah's grateful reply ('your servant has found favor in your eyes') receives Eli's blessing as assurance. The chain of aorists (ἐπορεύθη … εἰσῆλθεν … ἔφαγεν … ἔπιεν) marks her restored normalcy — she eats and drinks again, reversing the fasting of v.7. The closing note τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς οὐ συνέπεσεν ἔτι ('her face fell no more') signals transformed inner peace through faith, before any outward change in her circumstances.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Hannah's reply)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: introduces Hannah's brief, grateful response to Eli's blessing.
εὗρενhas foundAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb of Hannah's speech→ verbal action or stateεὑρίσκω (aor. εὗρεν): 'find'; the idiom 'find favor in (someone's) eyes' renders מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי; Hannah's deferential acknowledgment of Eli's goodwill.
theNominativearticle (with δούλη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληservantNominativesubject of εὗρεν→ participant prominenceδούλη: 'servant / handmaid'; Hannah's humble self-reference 'your servant', as throughout (vv.11, 16).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
χάρινfavorAccusativedirect object of εὗρεν→ object specificationχάρις (acc. χάριν): 'favor / grace / goodwill'; renders חֵן; in the idiom 'found favor in your eyes', the unearned good regard Hannah hopes she has gained from Eli.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative idiom)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative idiom).
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative object of ἐν (idiomatic: 'in the eyes')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός (dat. pl. ὀφθαλμοῖς): 'eye'; in the idiom 'in your eyes' = 'in your estimation'; renders בְּעֵינֶיךָ.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (Hannah's departure)→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι (aor. pass. ἐπορεύθη): 'go / proceed'; Hannah departs in obedience to Eli's 'go in peace', her grief resolved by faith.
theNominativearticle (with γυνὴ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject (Hannah)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; here 'the woman' (= Hannah), resuming the narrative third-person reference.
εἰςon / topreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὁδὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiomatic: 'on her way')→ object specificationὁδός (acc. ὁδόν): 'road / way / journey'; 'went on her way' renders הָלְכָה לְדַרְכָּהּ, the idiom for departing about one's business.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (entering the lodging)→ verbal action or stateεἰσέρχομαι (aor. εἰσῆλθεν): 'go in / enter'; Hannah returns to her lodging, resuming ordinary life.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction of entry)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of entry).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κατάλυμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλυμαlodgingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationκατάλυμα: 'lodging / guest-room / inn'; the place where the pilgrim family stayed at Shiloh; the same word later used of the inn in Luke 2:7.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφαγενateAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (resumed eating)→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω (aor. ἔφαγεν): 'eat'; Hannah eats again, reversing the fasting of v.7 (οὐκ ἤσθιεν) — a sign of her restored peace.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνδρὸς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςhusbandGenitivegenitive object of μετά (accompaniment)→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. ἀνδρός): 'man / husband'; Elkanah; Hannah eats with him, the family meal restored.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπιενdrankAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίνωmain verb (resumed drinking)→ verbal action or stateπίνω (aor. ἔπιεν): 'drink'; Hannah drinks again — a gentle irony given the drunkenness charge, now decisively past.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with πρόσωπον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceNominativesubject of συνέπεσεν→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: 'face / countenance'; renders פָּנִים; the 'falling' of the face (συμπίπτω) is a Hebraism for a downcast, dejected expression (cf. Gen 4:5–6).
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οὐnotnegative particle (with συνέπεσεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέπεσενfell / was downcastAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συμπίπτωmain verb (negated: her face no longer fell)→ verbal action or stateσυμπίπτω (aor. συνέπεσεν): 'fall together / collapse / fall (of the face)'; the idiom 'her face fell no more' indicates Hannah's dejection has lifted; her sorrow is replaced by peace through faith.
ἔτιany longeradverb (with negation: 'no longer')→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet'; with the negation οὐ … ἔτι = 'no longer'; Hannah's face is no longer downcast, marking her transformed state.
19

καὶ ὀρθρίζουσιν τὸ πρωὶ καὶ προσκυνοῦσιν τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ πορεύονται τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῶν καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ελκανα εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ Αρμαθαιμ καὶ ἔγνω τὴν Ανναν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμνήσθη αὐτῆς κύριος

And they rose early in the morning and worshiped the LORD, and they went on their way; and Elkanah entered his house at Armathaim and knew Hannah his wife, and the LORD remembered her.

Scene transition: return home, conception begins (opening of unit C)καὶ ὀρθρίζουσιν
A burst of historic presents (ὀρθρίζουσιν … προσκυνοῦσιν … πορεύονται) vividly narrates the family's morning worship and departure, then the narrative shifts to aorists for the decisive acts: Elkanah 'knew' Hannah (the euphemism for marital union) and — the theological climax — ἐμνήσθη αὐτῆς κύριος ('the LORD remembered her'), directly fulfilling the petition μνησθῇς μου of v.11.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθρίζουσινthey rise earlyPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ὀρθρίζωmain verb (historic present)→ verbal action or stateὀρθρίζω: 'rise early / do at dawn'; renders הִשְׁכִּים; the historic present makes the morning departure vivid; the verb implies eager, early rising for worship.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with πρωὶ, adverbial)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶmorning / earlyAccusativeadverbial accusative of time (with τό: 'in the morning')→ object specificationπρωΐ: 'early / in the morning'; here as an articular adverbial accusative (τὸ πρωΐ, 'at dawn'), reinforcing ὀρθρίζουσιν.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνοῦσινthey worshipPres Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb (historic present)→ verbal action or stateπροσκυνέω: 'worship / do obeisance'; the family's final act of worship before departing Shiloh, echoing the purpose of the pilgrimage (v.3).
τῷtheDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳthe LORDDativedative object of προσκυνοῦσιν (recipient of worship)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): rendering of יהוה; the object of the family's worship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύονταιthey goPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (historic present)→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι: 'go / journey'; the family sets out homeward; the historic present sustains the vividness of the departure scene.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὁδὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayAccusativeaccusative of extent/route ('went their way')→ object specificationὁδός (acc. ὁδόν): 'road / journey'; 'went their way' (cognate accusative of route) renders הָלְכוּ לְדַרְכָּם.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (shift to aorist)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (Elkanah's homecoming)→ verbal action or stateεἰσέρχομαι (aor. εἰσῆλθεν): 'enter / come into'; the shift from plural presents to singular aorist focuses on Elkanah's return home, the setting of conception.
ΕλκαναElkanahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλκανα: indeclinable; returns to his house at Armathaim.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / home'; Elkanah's house, located at Armathaim, his home town (v.1).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ΑρμαθαιμArmathaimappositional toponym (indeclinable: 'at Armathaim')→ participant identificationΑρμαθαιμ: indeclinable; locates Elkanah's house in his home town, framing the return to the place where the narrative began.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωknewAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb (marital union, euphemism)→ verbal action or stateγινώσκω (2 aor. ἔγνω): 'know'; the euphemism 'knew his wife' for marital/sexual union renders the Hebrew יָדַע (cf. Gen 4:1); the conception of Samuel begins here.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ανναν, marking the accusative object)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑννανHannahaccusative object of ἔγνω (transliterated name with -ν accusative ending)→ participant identificationΑνναν: the accusative form of Αννα under the article τήν; the object of Elkanah's 'knowing'.
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ανναν→ object specificationγυνή (acc. γυναῖκα): 'woman / wife'; in apposition, 'Hannah his wife'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (theological climax)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμνήσθηrememberedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · μιμνῄσκομαιmain verb (divine remembering)→ verbal action or stateμιμνῄσκομαι (aor. pass. ἐμνήσθη): 'remember'; renders זָכַר; the LORD's 'remembering' directly answers Hannah's petition μνησθῇς μου (v.11); divine remembrance is effective covenant action that opens the womb (cf. Gen 30:22).
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive object of ἐμνήσθη (remembering takes the genitive)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. f. αὐτῆς): 'her'; the genitive object of the verb of remembering — the LORD remembered Hannah.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐμνήσθη→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the divine subject whose remembering reverses the barrenness he had earlier 'closed' (vv.5–6).
20

καὶ συνέλαβεν καὶ ἐγενήθη τῷ καιρῷ τῶν ἡμερῶν καὶ ἔτεκεν υἱόν καὶ ἐκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Σαμουηλ καὶ εἶπεν ὅτι παρὰ κυρίου θεοῦ σαβαωθ ᾐτησάμην αὐτόν

And she conceived, and it came to pass at the appointed time of the days that she bore a son, and she called his name Samuel, saying, 'Because I asked him of the LORD God of Hosts.'

Fulfillment: conception, birth, and naming of Samuel (climax of unit C)καὶ συνέλαβεν
The petition is granted: Hannah conceives, bears a son, and names him Σαμουηλ. The explanatory ὅτι-clause supplies the folk etymology — ᾐτησάμην αὐτόν ('I asked him [of the LORD]'), playing on the שאל ('ask') root; the name binds the child forever to Hannah's asking, the chapter's governing wordplay (cf. αἴτημα v.17; ᾐτησάμην v.27; κιχρῶ v.28).
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέλαβενconceivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συλλαμβάνωmain verb (conception)→ verbal action or stateσυλλαμβάνω (aor. συνέλαβεν): 'conceive / become pregnant' (lit. 'take together'); renders הָרָה; the immediate result of the LORD's remembering.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηit came to passAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal formula)→ verbal action or stateγίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): the formula 'it came to pass' (וַיְהִי) introduces the time-setting of the birth.
τῷat theDativearticle (with καιρῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtime / seasonDativedative of time (when she gave birth)→ sphere or referenceκαιρός (dat. καιρῷ): 'appointed time / season / right moment'; the phrase 'at the time of the days' (= in due time / when her term was complete) renders the Hebrew לִתְקֻפוֹת הַיָּמִים.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἡμερῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνof daysGenitivegenitive (defining καιρῷ: 'the time of the days')→ relational specificationἡμέρα (gen. pl. ἡμερῶν): 'day'; 'the time of the days' is a Hebraism for the completion of the term of pregnancy.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενshe boreAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίκτωmain verb (the birth)→ verbal action or stateτίκτω (aor. ἔτεκεν): 'bear / give birth'; renders יָלַד; the long-awaited birth that resolves the chapter's central crisis.
υἱόνa sonAccusativedirect object of ἔτεκεν→ object specificationυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'; the male child Hannah had specifically requested (σπέρμα ἀνδρῶν, v.11).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενshe calledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb (naming)→ verbal action or stateκαλέω (aor. ἐκάλεσεν): 'call / name'; renders קָרָא; the naming, with its explanatory etymology, is a key feature of Hebrew birth narratives.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object of ἐκάλεσεν→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; 'she called his name Samuel' is the standard naming formula (rendering וַתִּקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמוֹ).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the child's name)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the child's name).
ΣαμουηλSamuelpredicate of the naming (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΣαμουηλ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁמוּאֵל (Samuel); indeclinable; the name is popularly linked to the root שאל ('ask') in the following clause — 'because I asked him of the LORD' — though etymologically it more likely means 'name of God' or 'God has heard'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the etymology)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενshe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing the naming-explanation)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: introduces Hannah's explanation of the name.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (etymological explanation)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the folk-etymological ground for the name, linking 'Samuel' to the act of asking.
παρὰof / frompreposition + genitive (source of the request)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; marks the LORD as the one from whom the child was asked.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of παρά→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; heads the divine title 'the LORD God of Hosts' from whom Samuel was requested.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός (gen. θεοῦ): 'God'; in apposition, completing the title κυρίου θεοῦ σαβαωθ ('the LORD God of Hosts'), as in v.3.
σαβαωθof Hostsindeclinable divine epithet (transliterated)→ clausal contributionσαβαωθ: transliteration of צְבָאוֹת ('hosts'); indeclinable; completes the divine title from whom the child was asked.
ᾐτησάμηνI askedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · αἰτέωmain verb (the etymological key)→ verbal action or stateαἰτέω (aor. mid. ᾐτησάμην): 'ask / request (for oneself)'; the root (corresponding to Hebrew שאל) generates the wordplay on Samuel's name — 'I asked him of the LORD'; recurs at v.27.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of ᾐτησάμην→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτόν): 'him'; the child asked of the LORD; the object that ties the name to the asking.
21

καὶ ἀνέβη ὁ ἄνθρωπος Ελκανα καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ θῦσαι ἐν Σηλωμ τὴν θυσίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν καὶ τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ πάσας τὰς δεκάτας τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ

And the man Elkanah and all his household went up to sacrifice at Shiloh the yearly sacrifice, and his vows, and all the tithes of his land.

Scene transition: the next pilgrimage (opening of unit D)καὶ ἀνέβη ὁ ἄνθρωπος Ελκανα
The aorist ἀνέβη resumes the pilgrimage motif of v.3, now for the yearly sacrifice after Samuel's birth. The honorific ὁ ἄνθρωπος Ελκανα ('the man Elkanah') and the comprehensive offerings (the yearly sacrifice, his vows, all his tithes) frame the family's devotion — but Hannah, with the unweaned child, will stay behind (v.22).
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (pilgrimage)→ verbal action or stateἀναβαίνω (2 aor. ἀνέβη): 'go up'; the pilgrimage verb (v.3), here narrating a specific ascent to Shiloh for the annual sacrifice.
theNominativearticle (with ἄνθρωπος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject (honorific: 'the man Elkanah')→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man'; the honorific ὁ ἄνθρωπος Ελκανα ('the man Elkanah') renders הָאִישׁ, lending solemnity, as with Moses at Exod 11:3.
ΕλκαναElkanahnominative in apposition to ὁ ἄνθρωπος (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλκανα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative in apposition to ὁ ἄνθρωπος (indeclinable name).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (with ὁ οἶκος)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; 'all his household' joins Elkanah in the pilgrimage — except Hannah.
theNominativearticle (with οἶκος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseholdNominativesubject (coordinate with ἄνθρωπος)→ participant prominenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; here the family/household of Elkanah, a corporate subject of the pilgrimage.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
θῦσαιto sacrificeAor Act Inf · θύωinfinitive of purpose (with ἀνέβη)→ verbal action or stateθύω (aor. inf. θῦσαι): 'sacrifice'; the purpose of going up — to offer the yearly sacrifice; cf. θύειν (v.3).
ἐνatpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣηλωμShilohobject of ἐν (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣηλωμ: transliteration of שִׁלֹה (Shiloh); indeclinable; from v.21 onward the LXX uses the form Σηλωμ (with final -μ) rather than Σηλω (vv.3, 9), reflecting the Hebrew directional/longer form.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θυσίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object of θῦσαι→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders זֶבַח; the phrase 'the sacrifice of the days' = the yearly/customary sacrifice (cf. v.3's annual rhythm).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἡμερῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνof days / yearlyGenitivegenitive (defining θυσίαν: 'the yearly sacrifice')→ relational specificationἡμέρα (gen. pl. ἡμερῶν): 'day'; 'the sacrifice of the days' is the customary annual sacrifice, a Hebraism (זֶבַח הַיָּמִים).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with εὐχὰς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐχὰςvowsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with θυσίαν)→ object specificationεὐχή (acc. pl. εὐχάς): 'vow'; renders נֶדֶר; Elkanah's votive offerings, perhaps including ratification of Hannah's own vow (v.11).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (with τὰς δεκάτας)→ object specificationπᾶς (acc. f. pl. πάσας): 'all'; emphasizes the completeness of the tithes offered.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with δεκάτας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεκάταςtithesAccusativedirect object (coordinate with θυσίαν, εὐχὰς)→ object specificationδεκάτη (acc. pl. δεκάτας): 'tithe / tenth'; renders מַעֲשֵׂר; the tithes of his land's produce brought to the sanctuary, completing the inventory of Elkanah's offerings.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of source (the tithes from his land)→ relational specificationγῆ (gen. γῆς): 'land / ground / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ / אֲדָמָה; the source of the tithed produce.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
22

καὶ Αννα οὐκ ἀνέβη μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ ὅτι εἶπεν τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς ἕως τοῦ ἀναβῆναι τὸ παιδάριον ἐὰν ἀπογαλακτίσω αὐτό καὶ ὀφθήσεται τῷ προσώπῳ κυρίου καὶ καθήσεται ἐκεῖ ἕως αἰῶνος

But Hannah did not go up with him, for she said to her husband, 'Until the child goes up, when I have weaned him, then he shall appear before the presence of the LORD and remain there forever.'

Contrast: Hannah stays behind until weaningκαὶ Αννα οὐκ ἀνέβη
Against the whole household's ascent (v.21), Hannah does not go up (οὐκ ἀνέβη); the causal ὅτι reports her plan to her husband: she will present the child only once weaned, after which he will 'appear before the presence of the LORD and remain there forever' — the permanent dedication promised in the vow (v.11), here put in the language of lifelong sanctuary service.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶbutcoordinate conjunction (contrastive in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adversative ('but'), contrasting Hannah's staying with the household's going up.
ΑνναHannahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑννα: indeclinable; the one who remains behind with the unweaned child.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀνέβη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (negated: she did not go up)→ verbal action or stateἀναβαίνω (2 aor. ἀνέβη): 'go up'; Hannah's not going up this year is deliberate — she waits to bring the child only when he can be permanently dedicated.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; elided μετ᾿ before the vowel.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετά (Elkanah)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτοῦ): 'him'; Elkanah, with whom Hannah did not go up.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the reason — her stated plan to her husband.
εἶπενshe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Hannah's explanation)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: introduces Hannah's words to Elkanah explaining her decision.
τῷto theDativearticle (with ἀνδρὶ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὶhusbandDativedative indirect object (addressee)→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ (dat. ἀνδρί): 'man / husband'; Elkanah, to whom Hannah explains her plan.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal, with articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until'; with the articular infinitive τοῦ ἀναβῆναι forms a temporal clause ('until the going up').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle governing the infinitive ἀναβῆναι→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβῆναιto go upAor Act Inf · ἀναβαίνωarticular infinitive (temporal, with ἕως τοῦ)→ verbal action or stateἀναβαίνω (aor. inf. ἀναβῆναι): 'go up'; the articular infinitive in ἕως τοῦ ἀναβῆναι ('until the going up') sets the time of presenting the child — once weaned.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with παιδάριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchildAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive ἀναβῆναι→ object specificationπαιδάριον: 'young child / lad'; here the infant Samuel; the accusative serves as subject of the articular infinitive ('until the child goes up').
ἐὰνwhen / ifconditional-temporal conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if / when'; here with temporal-conditional force ('when[ever] I wean him'), governing the subjunctive ἀπογαλακτίσω.
ἀπογαλακτίσωI weanAor Act Subj 1 Sg · ἀπογαλακτίζωverb of the temporal-conditional clause (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ verbal action or stateἀπογαλακτίζω (aor. subj. ἀπογαλακτίσω): 'wean (from milk)'; renders גָּמַל; weaning (often around age three in antiquity) marks the point at which the child can be left at the sanctuary.
αὐτόhim / itAccusativedirect object of ἀπογαλακτίσω→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. n. αὐτό): 'it / him'; the neuter agrees with τὸ παιδάριον; the child to be weaned.
καὶthen / andcoordinate conjunction (apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: introduces the consequence ('then he shall appear...'), a Hebraizing apodotic καί.
ὀφθήσεταιhe shall appearFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (future dedication)→ verbal action or stateὁράω (fut. pass. ὀφθήσεται): 'appear / be seen'; the passive 'be seen before the LORD's presence' is the cultic idiom for presenting oneself at the sanctuary (cf. Exod 23:17; Deut 16:16); here the child's lifelong dedication.
τῷtheDativearticle (with προσώπῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπῳpresence / faceDativedative (with ὀφθήσεται: 'appear before the presence')→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον (dat. προσώπῳ): 'face / presence'; 'appear to/before the face of the LORD' renders נִרְאָה אֶת־פְּנֵי יהוה, the technical phrase for sanctuary attendance.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship (the LORD's presence)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; before whose presence the child will appear and serve.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθήσεταιhe shall remainFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb (permanent residence at the sanctuary)→ verbal action or stateκάθημαι (fut. καθήσεται): 'sit / remain / dwell'; here 'he shall stay/remain there' — the child will reside permanently at the sanctuary in the LORD's service.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; at Shiloh, the sanctuary where the child will live.
ἕωςfor / untilpreposition + genitive (temporal extent)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; with αἰῶνος = 'forever / perpetually'.
αἰῶνοςforeverGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal extent)→ relational specificationαἰών (gen. αἰῶνος): 'age / eternity'; the idiom ἕως αἰῶνος ('forever') renders עַד עוֹלָם; the dedication is permanent, for the whole of the child's life.
23

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Ελκανα ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ποίει τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου κάθου ἕως ἂν ἀπογαλακτίσῃς αὐτό ἀλλὰ στήσαι κύριος τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἐθήλασεν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς ἕως ἂν ἀπογαλακτίσῃ αὐτόν

And Elkanah her husband said to her, 'Do what is good in your eyes; stay until you have weaned him; only may the LORD establish what has gone out of your mouth.' And the woman stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him.

Elkanah's assent and Hannah's complianceκαὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Ελκανα
Elkanah consents to Hannah's plan ('do what is good in your eyes') and adds a pious wish — στήσαι κύριος ('may the LORD establish') what she has vowed, treating her word as binding. The narrative then closes the time-gap in two aorists: she stayed and nursed the boy until weaning, setting up the dedication of vv.24–28.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: introduces Elkanah's assenting reply.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
ΕλκαναElkanahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλκανα: indeclinable; the consenting husband.
theNominativearticle (with ἀνὴρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρhusbandNominativeappositive to Ελκανα→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man / husband'; in apposition, 'Elkanah her husband', as in v.8.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ποίειdoPres Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperative of assent)→ verbal action or stateποιέω (pres. impv. ποίει): 'do / make'; 'do what is good in your eyes' is the idiom of giving leave (cf. Judg 19:24); Elkanah defers entirely to Hannah's plan.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀγαθὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὸνgoodAccusativesubstantized adjective (direct object of ποίει)→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good'; 'the good thing in your eyes' = whatever seems best to you; renders הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינַיִךְ.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (idiom: 'in your eyes')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (idiom: 'in your eyes').
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative object of ἐν (idiomatic: 'in your eyes' = your judgment)→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός (dat. pl. ὀφθαλμοῖς): 'eye'; 'in your eyes' = 'in your estimation', the Hebraism בְּעֵינַיִךְ.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κάθουstayPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb (imperative: remain at home)→ verbal action or stateκάθημαι (pres. impv. κάθου): 'sit / stay / remain'; Elkanah tells Hannah to stay home until the child is weaned, accepting her plan to delay the pilgrimage.
ἕωςuntilconjunction (temporal, with ἂν + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; with ἄν and the subjunctive (ἀπογαλακτίσῃς) refers to an indefinite future point — 'until you (have) wean(ed)'.
ἂνevermodal particle (with ἕως + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle; with ἕως and the subjunctive marks the temporal clause as referring to an indefinite future moment.
ἀπογαλακτίσῃςyou weanAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ἀπογαλακτίζωverb of temporal clause (subjunctive with ἕως ἂν)→ verbal action or stateἀπογαλακτίζω (aor. subj. ἀπογαλακτίσῃς): 'wean'; the weaning that marks the appointed time for the dedication.
αὐτόhimAccusativedirect object of ἀπογαλακτίσῃς→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. n. αὐτό): 'it / him'; neuter agreeing with the child (παιδάριον).
ἀλλὰonly / butadversative particle (introducing the pious wish)→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but / only'; here introduces Elkanah's qualifying wish — 'only may the LORD confirm your word'.
στήσαιmay he establishAor Act Opt 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (optative of wish)→ verbal action or stateἵστημι (aor. opt. στήσαι): 'set up / establish / confirm'; the optative of wish — 'may the LORD make stand / fulfill' what Hannah has vowed; treats her uttered vow as a binding word to be ratified by God.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of στήσαι→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; invoked to confirm and bring to fulfillment Hannah's vow.
τὸthe thingAccusativearticle (substantizing the participle ἐξελθὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξελθὸνthat which has gone outAor Act Part Acc Neut Sg · ἐξέρχομαιsubstantized participle (object of στήσαι)→ verbal action or stateἐξέρχομαι (aor. part. ἐξελθόν): 'go out / come forth'; the substantized neuter participle 'the thing that has gone out of your mouth' = the vow Hannah spoke (cf. Num 30:2; Deut 23:23); Elkanah prays God will establish that word.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with στόματός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματόςmouthGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationστόμα (gen. στόματος): 'mouth'; 'what has gone out of your mouth' is the idiom for a spoken vow or pronouncement (cf. Num 30:13).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming the narrative)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάθισενstayed / satAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθίζωmain verb (Hannah's compliance)→ verbal action or stateκαθίζω (aor. ἐκάθισεν): 'sit / settle / stay'; Hannah complies, remaining at home through the nursing period.
theNominativearticle (with γυνὴ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject (Hannah)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; 'the woman' (= Hannah), resuming the third-person narration.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθήλασενnursedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θηλάζωmain verb (nursing the child)→ verbal action or stateθηλάζω (aor. ἐθήλασεν): 'suckle / nurse'; renders הֵינִיק; Hannah nurses Samuel until weaning, the precondition for his dedication.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with υἱὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativedirect object of ἐθήλασεν→ object specificationυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'; the infant Samuel whom Hannah nurses.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἕωςuntilconjunction (temporal, with ἂν + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; with ἄν and the subjunctive marks the indefinite endpoint of the nursing.
ἂνevermodal particle (with ἕως + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle in the temporal clause.
ἀπογαλακτίσῃshe weanedAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀπογαλακτίζωverb of temporal clause (subjunctive with ἕως ἂν)→ verbal action or stateἀπογαλακτίζω (aor. subj. ἀπογαλακτίσῃ): 'wean'; the completion of weaning marks the moment to bring the child up for dedication (v.24).
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀπογαλακτίσῃ→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτόν): 'him'; the weaned son, now ready to be presented to the LORD.
24

καὶ ἀνέβη μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ εἰς Σηλωμ ἐν μόσχῳ τριετίζοντι καὶ ἄρτοις καὶ οιφι σεμιδάλεως καὶ νεβελ οἴνου καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς οἶκον κυρίου ἐν Σηλωμ καὶ τὸ παιδάριον μετ᾿ αὐτῶν

And she went up with him to Shiloh with a three-year-old bull, and loaves, and an ephah of fine flour, and a skin of wine; and she entered the house of the LORD at Shiloh, and the child was with them.

The dedication journey: bringing the weaned child with offeringsκαὶ ἀνέβη μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ
After weaning, Hannah at last goes up (ἀνέβη) to Shiloh with the child and lavish offerings — a three-year-old bull, bread, an ephah (οιφι) of fine flour, and a skin (νεβελ) of wine. The transliterated measures οιφι and νεβελ are LXX loanwords retaining the Hebrew terms; the abundance of the offering matches the gravity of presenting the long-awaited son to the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηshe went upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (the dedication pilgrimage)→ verbal action or stateἀναβαίνω (2 aor. ἀνέβη): 'go up'; Hannah now makes the ascent she had postponed (v.22), bringing the weaned child to the sanctuary.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; elided before the vowel.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετά (Elkanah)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτοῦ): 'him'; Elkanah, with whom Hannah now goes up.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΣηλωμShilohobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣηλωμ: indeclinable; the sanctuary destination, in the longer LXX form used from v.21.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment of offerings)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here of accompaniment ('with'), a Hebraizing use (בְּ); introduces the offerings brought with the child.
μόσχῳbull / calfDativedative object of ἐν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceμόσχος (dat. μόσχῳ): 'calf / young bull'; renders פַּר; the sacrificial animal for the dedication.
τριετίζοντιthree-year-oldPres Act Part Dat Masc Sg · τριετίζωattributive participle (modifying μόσχῳ)→ verbal action or stateτριετίζω (pres. part. τριετίζοντι): 'be three years old'; the participle 'three-year-old' specifies a mature bull; the LXX reading (a three-year-old bull) differs from the MT's 'three bulls'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτοιςloavesDativedative object of ἐν (accompaniment, coordinate)→ sphere or referenceἄρτος (dat. pl. ἄρτοις): 'bread / loaf'; renders לֶחֶם; loaves accompanying the offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οιφιan ephahindeclinable measure (transliterated)→ clausal contributionοιφι: transliteration of Hebrew אֵיפָה ('ephah', a dry measure of about 22 liters); indeclinable LXX loanword; the quantity of fine flour brought.
σεμιδάλεωςof fine flourGenitivegenitive of content (with οιφι: 'an ephah of fine flour')→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις (gen. σεμιδάλεως): 'fine wheat flour / semolina'; renders סֹלֶת; the high-grade flour for the grain offering accompanying the sacrifice.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεβελa skin / jarindeclinable measure (transliterated)→ clausal contributionνεβελ: transliteration of Hebrew נֵבֶל ('skin-bottle / wineskin / jar'); indeclinable LXX loanword; a container of wine for the libation.
οἴνουof wineGenitivegenitive of content (with νεβελ: 'a skin of wine')→ relational specificationοἶνος (gen. οἴνου): 'wine'; the libation accompanying the sacrifice; ironic in proximity to the child vowed never to drink wine (v.11).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενshe enteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (entering the sanctuary)→ verbal action or stateεἰσέρχομαι (aor. εἰσῆλθεν): 'enter'; Hannah enters the house of the LORD with the offerings and the child.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the sanctuary, 'the house of the LORD' at Shiloh (cf. v.7).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; the LORD whose house the family enters.
ἐνatpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣηλωμShilohobject of ἐν (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣηλωμ: indeclinable; repeated to locate the house of the LORD at Shiloh.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with παιδάριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchildNominativesubject of verbless clause ('the child was with them')→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'young child / lad'; Samuel, now weaned, brought along for the dedication; the verbless clause 'and the child [was] with them' is a Hebraic nominal construction.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; elided before the vowel.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of μετά (the parents)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl. αὐτῶν): 'them'; the child accompanies his parents to the sanctuary for the dedication.
25

καὶ προσήγαγον ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ ἔσφαξεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ τὴν θυσίαν ἣν ἐποίει ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ προσήγαγεν τὸ παιδάριον καὶ ἔσφαξεν τὸν μόσχον καὶ προσήγαγεν Αννα ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ παιδαρίου πρὸς Ηλι

And they brought him before the LORD, and his father slaughtered the sacrifice which he offered year by year to the LORD; and he brought the child near and slaughtered the bull. And Hannah the mother of the child brought him to Eli.

The sacrificial act and presentation of the child to Eliκαὶ προσήγαγον
The repeated προσάγω ('bring near' — the technical verb for cultic presentation) structures the verse: they bring the child near, the father slaughters the customary sacrifice and the bull, and finally Hannah brings the child to Eli. The phrase ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας ('year by year') again recalls the family's habitual devotion (vv.3, 7).
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγονthey brought nearAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (cultic presentation)→ verbal action or stateπροσάγω (aor. προσήγαγον): 'bring near / present / offer'; the technical verb for presenting persons or offerings before the LORD (cf. Lev 1:3); here they bring the child (and offerings) into the sanctuary.
ἐνώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; the presentation is made 'before the LORD'.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; before whom the child and sacrifice are presented.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφαξενslaughteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (the father's sacrificial act)→ verbal action or stateσφάζω (aor. ἔσφαξεν): 'slay / slaughter (for sacrifice)'; renders שָׁחַט; the ritual killing of the sacrificial animal.
theNominativearticle (with πατὴρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativesubject (Elkanah)→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; Elkanah, the child's father, who offers the sacrifice.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (the child's father)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (the child's father).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θυσίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object of ἔσφαξεν→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice'; the customary offering, defined by the following relative clause as the one offered yearly.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίει)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ (acc. f. ἥν): relative pronoun; introduces the clause describing the customary yearly sacrifice.
ἐποίειhe offeredImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the relative clause (iterative imperfect)→ verbal action or stateποιέω (impf. ἐποίει): 'do / make / offer'; ποιέω θυσίαν = 'offer a sacrifice'; the imperfect marks it as the habitual annual offering.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (temporal idiom)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ / ἐξ: in the idiom ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας ('year by year'), temporal.
ἡμερῶνdays / yearGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (temporal idiom)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the idiom ἐξ ἡμερῶν εἰς ἡμέρας = 'from year to year', as in v.3.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (temporal idiom)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal idiom).
ἡμέραςdays / yearAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (temporal idiom)→ object specificationἡμέρα (acc. pl. ἡμέρας): completes the temporal idiom 'year by year'.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object (recipient of the sacrifice)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): rendering of יהוה; the recipient of the yearly sacrifice.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενhe brought nearAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presentation of the child)→ verbal action or stateπροσάγω (aor. προσήγαγεν): 'bring near / present'; here bringing the child forward for dedication.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with παιδάριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchildAccusativedirect object of προσήγαγεν→ object specificationπαιδάριον: 'young child / lad'; Samuel, presented before the LORD.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφαξενslaughteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (slaughter of the bull)→ verbal action or stateσφάζω (aor. ἔσφαξεν): 'slaughter'; the slaying of the three-year-old bull (v.24) for the dedication offering.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with μόσχον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbull / calfAccusativedirect object of ἔσφαξεν→ object specificationμόσχος (acc. μόσχον): 'calf / young bull'; the sacrificial animal brought up in v.24.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (Hannah brings the child to Eli)→ verbal action or stateπροσάγω (aor. προσήγαγεν): 'bring (to)'; the third occurrence of the verb in the verse — now Hannah brings the child specifically to the priest Eli.
ΑνναHannahsubject (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑννα: indeclinable; the mother who presents the child to Eli.
theNominativearticle (with μήτηρ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherNominativeappositive to Αννα ('Hannah the mother')→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: 'mother'; in apposition, 'Hannah the mother of the child', emphasizing the maternal act of dedication.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with παιδαρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδαρίουchildGenitivegenitive of relationship (mother of the child)→ relational specificationπαιδάριον (gen. παιδαρίου): 'young child'; Samuel, whose mother Hannah brings him to the priest.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction toward)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction toward).
ΗλιEliobject of πρός (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΗλι: indeclinable; the priest to whom the child is brought, the one who will rear him at the sanctuary (ch. 2–3).
26

καὶ εἶπεν ἐν ἐμοί κύριε ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου ἐγὼ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ καταστᾶσα ἐνώπιόν σου ἐν τῷ προσεύξασθαι πρὸς κύριον

And she said, 'By me, my lord! As your soul lives, I am the woman who stood here before you praying to the LORD.'

Hannah identifies herself to Eli (recalling the prayer of v.10)καὶ εἶπεν ἐν ἐμοί κύριε
Hannah's address opens with the deferential oath-formulae ἐν ἐμοί κύριε ('by me / pardon me, my lord') and ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου ('as your soul lives'). She identifies herself as ἡ γυνὴ ἡ καταστᾶσα ('the woman who stood'), the participle deliberately echoing κατέστη of v.9 — she is the same petitioner Eli once misjudged, now returning with the answered prayer.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Hannah's address to Eli)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: introduces Hannah's words of self-identification to the priest.
ἐνby / inpreposition + dative (in the deferential formula ἐν ἐμοί)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: in the idiom ἐν ἐμοί ('by me / pardon me / I pray'), a deferential particle of entreaty rendering בִּי אֲדֹנִי ('please, my lord'); a polite formula to gain a hearing (cf. Gen 43:20; 44:18).
ἐμοίmeDativedative (in the entreaty-formula ἐν ἐμοί)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. ἐμοί): 'me'; in the entreaty 'by me, my lord' = 'I beg you'; the emphatic dative form.
κύριεmy lordVocativevocative of respectful human address (to Eli)→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): here NOT the divine name but Hannah's deferential 'my lord / sir' addressed to Eli the priest; renders אֲדֹנִי, as in vv.8, 15.
ζῇlivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωverb of the oath-formula ('as your soul lives')→ verbal action or stateζάω (pres. ζῇ): 'live'; in the oath-formula ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου ('as your soul lives'), a solemn affirmation by the life of the person addressed (cf. 1 Kgdms 17:55; 2 Kgdms 11:11); renders חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ.
theNominativearticle (with ψυχή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoul / lifeNominativesubject of ζῇ (in the oath-formula)→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / life'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; 'your soul' = 'your life / you yourself'; the formula swears by Eli's very life.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic, of the predication 'I am the woman')→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; Hannah identifies herself — 'I am the woman' who prayed here before.
theNominativearticle (with γυνὴ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwomanNominativepredicate nominative (with implied 'am')→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; 'the woman who stood here' — Hannah recalls her earlier appearance to identify herself to Eli.
the (who)Nominativearticle (with the attributive participle καταστᾶσα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταστᾶσαwho stoodAor Act Part Nom Fem Sg · καθίστημιattributive participle (modifying γυνὴ)→ verbal action or stateκαθίστημι (aor. part. καταστᾶσα, intrans.): 'take one's stand / present oneself'; the articular participle 'the one who stood' deliberately echoes κατέστη (v.9) — Hannah is the same woman who stood praying before the LORD.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeimproper preposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; here 'before you' (Eli), recalling the scene of v.9 at the temple entrance.
σουyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον (Eli)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): 'you'; Eli, in whose presence Hannah had stood praying.
ἐνin / whilepreposition + dative (with articular infinitive: temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: ἐν τῷ προσεύξασθαι ('in the praying' = 'while praying'), a temporal construction.
τῷtheDativearticle governing the infinitive προσεύξασθαι→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσεύξασθαιprayingAor Mid Inf · προσεύχομαιarticular infinitive (temporal, with ἐν τῷ)→ verbal action or stateπροσεύχομαι (aor. inf. προσεύξασθαι): 'pray'; in ἐν τῷ προσεύξασθαι ('while praying'), recalling Hannah's silent prayer of vv.10–13.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of prayer)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of prayer).
κύριονthe LORDAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (addressee of the prayer)→ object specificationκύριος (acc. κύριον): rendering of יהוה; the LORD to whom Hannah had prayed (cf. v.10, the same phrase προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον).
27

ὑπὲρ τοῦ παιδαρίου τούτου προσηυξάμην καὶ ἔδωκέν μοι κύριος τὸ αἴτημά μου ὃ ᾐτησάμην παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ

For this child I prayed, and the LORD gave me my petition which I asked of him.

Testimony: the prayer answeredὑπὲρ τοῦ παιδαρίου τούτου
Hannah's testimony makes the chapter's theology explicit: she prayed for this child, and the LORD gave (ἔδωκεν) her petition (αἴτημα). The clustering of αἴτημα and ᾐτησάμην (root שאל, 'ask') drives home the wordplay on Samuel's name (v.20) — the asked-for child is the granted child, given by the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὑπὲρforpreposition + genitive (on behalf of / concerning)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + gen.: 'for / on behalf of / concerning'; 'for this child I prayed' — the object of Hannah's petition.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with παιδαρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδαρίουchildGenitivegenitive object of ὑπέρ→ relational specificationπαιδάριον (gen. παιδαρίου): 'young child'; Samuel, the object of Hannah's prayer.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative (modifying παιδαρίου: 'this child')→ relational specificationοὗτος (gen. τούτου): 'this'; the demonstrative points to the child present before Eli — 'this very child'.
προσηυξάμηνI prayedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · προσεύχομαιmain verb (Hannah's prayer)→ verbal action or stateπροσεύχομαι (aor. mid. προσηυξάμην): 'pray'; recalls the prayer of vv.10–11, now testified to as answered.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκένgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the LORD's granting)→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκεν): 'give'; the LORD 'gave' the petition — the divine answer; the give/ask vocabulary frames the whole chapter (cf. δώσω v.11; δῴη v.17; κιχρῶ v.28).
μοιto meDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. μοι): 'to me'; the recipient of the granted petition.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἔδωκεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the giver of the petition, the same LORD who had remembered Hannah (v.19).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αἴτημά)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴτημάpetitionAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationαἴτημα: 'request / petition'; the same word as Eli's blessing (v.17); from the שאל root that names Samuel — the granted petition is the child.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾐτησάμην)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ (acc. n. ὅ): relative pronoun; introduces the clause echoing Eli's blessing (v.17: ὃ ᾐτήσω παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ).
ᾐτησάμηνI askedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · αἰτέωverb of the relative clause→ verbal action or stateαἰτέω (aor. mid. ᾐτησάμην): 'ask / request'; the root (Hebrew שאל) of Samuel's naming-pun (v.20); 'which I asked of him' completes the ask/grant testimony.
παρ᾿of / frompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; elided παρ᾿ before the vowel; God as the source of the petition's granting (cf. v.17).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of παρά (the LORD)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτοῦ): 'him'; the LORD from whom Hannah asked and received the child.
28

κἀγὼ κιχρῶ αὐτὸν τῷ κυρίῳ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἃς ζῇ αὐτός χρῆσιν τῷ κυρίῳ

And I, for my part, lend him to the LORD all the days that he lives — a loan to the LORD.

Climax of the dedication: Hannah gives the child back to the LORDκἀγὼ κιχρῶ
The chapter's climax: the emphatic κἀγώ ('and I, for my part') answers the LORD's giving (v.27) with Hannah's own giving-back. The verb κίχρημι ('lend / make a loan of') and the cognate χρῆσιν ('a loan') frame Samuel as one lent to the LORD for life — completing the asked / given / lent wordplay on the שאל root that governs the naming of Samuel (the one 'asked / lent'). The narrative will resolve in Hannah's song (ch. 2).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κἀγὼand INominativesubject (crasis of καὶ ἐγώ, emphatic)→ participant prominenceκἀγώ: crasis of καί + ἐγώ ('and I'); the emphatic 'I too / for my part' balances Hannah's giving against the LORD's giving in v.27 — he gave the child to her, and she gives him back.
κιχρῶI lendPres Act Indic 1 Sg · κίχρημιmain verb (the act of lending/dedicating)→ verbal action or stateκίχρημι (pres. κιχρῶ): 'lend / give as a loan'; renders the Hebrew הִשְׁאִיל (Hiphil of שאל, 'to lend'); Hannah 'lends' the child to the LORD — the verb chosen for its play on the שאל root behind Samuel's name; the present has performative force (the dedication is accomplished in the speaking).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of κιχρῶ→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτόν): 'him'; the child Samuel, the object of Hannah's lending to the LORD.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object (recipient of the loan)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): rendering of יהוה; the LORD to whom Samuel is lent/dedicated for life.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (with τὰς ἡμέρας)→ object specificationπᾶς (acc. f. pl. πάσας): 'all'; 'all the days' = the whole of the child's life, fulfilling the lifelong scope of the vow (v.11, ἕως ἡμέρας θανάτου αὐτοῦ).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἡμέρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of extent of time ('all the days')→ object specificationἡμέρα (acc. pl. ἡμέρας): 'day'; the accusative of duration — for all the days of the child's life.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object/extent in the relative clause)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ (acc. f. pl. ἅς): relative pronoun; 'the days which he lives' — defining the duration of the dedication.
ζῇhe livesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωverb of the relative clause→ verbal action or stateζάω (pres. ζῇ): 'live'; 'the days which he lives' = as long as he lives; the lifelong term of the loan to the LORD.
αὐτόςheNominativesubject of ζῇ (emphatic)→ participant prominenceαὐτός: 'he (himself)'; the emphatic subject of 'lives' — the child, for the whole of his own life, belongs to the LORD.
χρῆσινas a loanAccusativepredicate/cognate accusative (with κιχρῶ: 'as a loan')→ object specificationχρῆσις (acc. χρῆσιν): 'a lending / loan / use'; the cognate noun of κίχρημι; 'a loan to the LORD' restates and seals the dedication — Samuel is the asked-for child now given back as the LORD's own; the play on שאל ('ask / lend') reaches its climax here.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object (recipient of the loan)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): rendering of יהוה; the final word of the chapter names the LORD as recipient of the dedicated child — Samuel belongs wholly to the LORD, setting the stage for Hannah's song and Samuel's lifelong service (ch. 2–3).