Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Second Book of Chronicles, Chapter 10ΠΑΡΑΛΕΙΠΟΜΕΝΩΝ Β′ Ι′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Rehoboam answers burden with hardness, and the united kingdom breaks into lasting schism.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 2 Chronicles 10 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs-Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. With Solomon dead, the narrative turns abruptly from plenitude to fracture. The chapter is built around counsel, speech, and the metaphor of the yoke. Israel asks for relief from harsh service; the elders advise servanthood in answer to the people; the younger companions urge intensified hardness, climaxing in the notorious contrast between whips and scorpions. Chronicles, like Kingdoms, interprets the political disaster theologically: the king's refusal is a μεταστροφή παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, a turning brought about from God, because the word spoken through Ahijah concerning Jeroboam must stand. Even so, the narrative does not cancel human folly. Rehoboam's choice is genuinely disastrous, and the schism of Israel from the house of David is narrated as the result of a ruler who would rather magnify force than win loyalty.

1

καὶ ἦλθεν Ροβοαμ εἰς Συχεμ ὅτι εἰς Συχεμ ἤρχετο πᾶς Ισραηλ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτόν

And Rehoboam came to Shechem, because all Israel had come to Shechem to make him king.

Succession convened at Shechemκαὶ ἦλθεν Ροβοαμ εἰς Συχεμ
The new reign begins in a charged public setting rather than in Jerusalem alone. Shechem signals that the whole kingdom's consent is at issue.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: 'came'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'for / unto'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΣυχεμShechemN AS · Συχεμplace-name in the allotment listShechem: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: 'for / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'for / unto'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΣυχεμShechemN AS · Συχεμplace-name in the allotment listShechem: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ἤρχετοwould comeV1I IMI3S · ἄρχωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ingressive aoristἄρχω: 'would come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'everyone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: 'to make king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: 'he / she / it'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
2

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν Ιεροβοαμ υἱὸς Ναβατ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ὡς ἔφυγεν ἀπὸ προσώπου Σαλωμων τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ κατῴκησεν Ιεροβοαμ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν Ιεροβοαμ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου

And it came to pass when Jeroboam son of Nebat heard — and he was in Egypt, where he had fled from the face of King Solomon and Jeroboam had dwelt in Egypt — that Jeroboam returned from Egypt.

Jeroboam re-enters the story from Egyptian exileκαὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν Ιεροβοαμ
The return of Jeroboam means the succession will be politically contested. The old prophetic fault line from Solomon's reign is now active again.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: 'it came to pass'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: 'as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀκούω: 'hear'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainJeroboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun marking the next filial linkυἱός: 'son'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΝαβατNebatN GSM · Ναβατproper name or indeclinable itemNebat: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrativeΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: 'as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἔφυγενfleeVBI AAI3S · φεύγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristφεύγω: 'flee'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from / of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSolomon: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
κατῴκησενdwellVAI AAI3S · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist indicative summaryοἰκέω + κατα: 'dwell'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainJeroboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrativeΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: 'returned'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainJeroboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrativeΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
3

καὶ ἀπέστειλαν καὶ ἐκάλεσαν αὐτόν καὶ ἦλθεν Ιεροβοαμ καὶ πᾶσα ἡ ἐκκλησία Ισραηλ πρὸς Ροβοαμ λέγοντες

And they sent and called him, and Jeroboam came and all the assembly of Israel to Rehoboam, saying,

The people speak through a gathered assemblyκαὶ ἀπέστειλαν καὶ ἐκάλεσαν
The petition is not a private complaint but a corporate address. Jeroboam stands as the visible leader of a wider northern concern.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπέστειλανsentVAI AAI3P · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστέλλω + ἀπο: 'sent'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐκάλεσανcalledVAI AAI3P · καλέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'called'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: 'he / she / it'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: 'came'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainJeroboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἐκκλησία: 'assembly'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN ASM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπνπμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
4

ὁ πατήρ σου ἐσκλήρυνεν τὸν ζυγὸν ἡμῶν καὶ νῦν ἄφες ἀπὸ τῆς δουλείας τοῦ πατρός σου τῆς σκληρᾶς καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ζυγοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ βαρέος οὗ ἔδωκεν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς καὶ δουλεύσομέν σοι

'Your father made our yoke hard; now then, lighten the harsh service of your father and his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve you.'

Request for relief from a hard yokeὁ πατήρ σου ἐσκλήρυνεν
The people frame loyalty as contingent on gentler rule. Service is not rejected outright; oppressive intensity is.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐσκλήρυνενhardenedVAI AAI3S · σκληρύνωmain verb (divine hardening: active, agent named)→ constative aoristσκληρύνω: 'hardened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASM · ζυγόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalζυγός: 'yoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceἐγώ: 'our'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: 'now'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἄφεςallow / send awayVB AAD2S · ἵημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἵημι + ἀπο: 'allow / send away'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from / of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
δουλείαςserviceN1A GSF · δουλείαgenitive element qualifying another termδουλεία: 'service'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρcommon noun within the clauseπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
σκληρᾶςharshA1A GSF · σκληρόςgenitive element qualifying another termσκληρός: 'harsh'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from / of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ζυγοῦyokeN2 GSM · ζυγόςgenitive element qualifying another termζυγός: 'yoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βαρέοςproud / heavyA3U GSM · βαρύςcommon noun within the clauseβαρύς: 'proud / heavy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependenceὅς: 'where'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδίδωμι: 'give'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐπί: 'eph'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἡμᾶςIRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
δουλεύσομένserveVF FAI1P · δουλεύωmain verb (the servitude)→ constative aoristδουλεύω: 'serve'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'to you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
5

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς πορεύεσθε ἕως τριῶν ἡμερῶν καὶ ἔρχεσθε πρός με καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ὁ λαός

And he said to them, 'Go away for three days and return to me.' And the people went away.

A delay opens space for counselκαὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς
The three-day pause creates the chapter's deliberative center. What kind of king Rehoboam will be depends on the counsel he chooses.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complementαὐτός: 'them'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
πορεύεσθεwentV1 PMD2P · πορεύομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'went'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPF · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifierτρεῖς: 'three'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
ἡμερῶνdaysN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἡμέρα: 'days'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἔρχεσθεcameV1 PMI2P · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'came'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πρόςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'me'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπῆλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποinfinitive complement within the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + ἀπο: 'ἔρχομαι'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
6

καὶ συνήγαγεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ροβοαμ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τοὺς ἑστηκότας ἐναντίον Σαλωμων τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ ζῆν αὐτὸν λέγων πῶς ὑμεῖς βουλεύεσθε τοῦ ἀποκριθῆναι τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ λόγον

And King Rehoboam gathered the elders who had stood before Solomon his father while he lived, saying, 'How do you advise me to answer this people?'

The elders are consulted firstκαὶ συνήγαγεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ροβοαμ
The old court represents tested political memory. Rehoboam's first move is wise in form, even if he will not remain with it.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
συνήγαγενgatheredVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἄγω + συν: 'gathered'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πρεσβυτέρουςelderN2 APM · πρεσβύτεροςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalπρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἑστηκόταςἑστηκόταςVXI XAPAPMI(/STHMIparticiple contributing circumstance, manner, or descriptionCATSS source 17.2Chron.mlxx.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSolomon: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ζῆνlivesV3 PAN · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω: 'lives'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseπῶς: 'how'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive elementσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
βουλεύεσθεtook counselV1 PMI2P · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristβουλεύω: 'took counsel'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἀποκριθῆναιanswer / replyVC APN · κρίνω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: 'answer / reply'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: 'to him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
λόγονthing / wordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clauseλόγος: 'thing / word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
7

καὶ ἐλάλησαν αὐτῷ λέγοντες ἐὰν ἐν τῇ σήμερον γένῃ εἰς ἀγαθὸν τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ καὶ εὐδοκήσῃς καὶ λαλήσῃς αὐτοῖς λόγους ἀγαθούς καὶ ἔσονταί σοι παῖδες πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας

And they spoke to him, saying, 'If today you become good to this people and are pleased with them and speak good words to them, they will be your servants all the days.'

The elder strategy: rule by benevolent serviceκαὶ ἐλάλησαν αὐτῷ
Their advice is paradoxically strong through gentleness. Lasting authority, they argue, is secured by winning the people's heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐλάλησανspokeVAI AAI3P · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'spoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'to him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπνπμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: 'if'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbσήμερον: 'today'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
γένῃit came to passVB AAS3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: 'it came to pass'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'for / unto'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASM · ἀγαθόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀγαθός: 'good'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: 'to him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
εὐδοκήσῃςwould / consentedVA AAS2S · εὐδοκέωmain verb→ predictive futureεὐδοκέω: 'would / consented'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
λαλήσῃςspokeVA AAS2S · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'spoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complementαὐτός: 'them'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
ἀγαθούςgoodA1 APM · ἀγαθόςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveἀγαθός: 'good'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἔσονταίisVF FMI3P · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: 'is'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'to you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπαῖς: 'servant'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the (ones)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'days'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
8

καὶ κατέλιπεν τὴν βουλὴν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων οἳ συνεβουλεύσαντο αὐτῷ καὶ συνεβουλεύσατο μετὰ τῶν παιδαρίων τῶν συνεκτραφέντων μετ' αὐτοῦ τῶν ἑστηκότων ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ

But he forsook the counsel of the elders who had counseled him and took counsel with the youths who had grown up with him and stood before him.

Rehoboam abandons seasoned counselκαὶ κατέλιπεν τὴν βουλὴν
The narrative marks the turning point starkly. To leave the elders is already to move toward rupture.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
κατέλιπενleipo + kataVBI AAI3S · λείπω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ futureλείπω + κατα: 'leipo + kata'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βουλὴνboylN1 ASF · βουλήcommon noun within the clauseβουλή: 'boyl'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the (who are)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersN2 GPM · πρεσβύτεροςcommon noun within the clauseπρεσβύτερος: 'elders'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationὅς: 'who'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
συνεβουλεύσαντοtake counselVAI AMI3P · βουλεύω + συνfinite verb advancing the clauseβουλεύω + συν: 'take counsel'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'to him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
συνεβουλεύσατοtake counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύω + συνfinite verb advancing the clauseβουλεύω + συν: 'take counsel'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the (who are)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
παιδαρίωνyoung boyN2N GPN · παιδάριονcommon noun within the clauseπαιδάριον: 'young boy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the (who are)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
συνεκτραφέντωναππγπν τρέφωVD · αππγπν τρέφω + συν + ἐκparticiple contributing circumstance, manner, or descriptionαππγπν τρέφω + συν + ἐκ: 'αππγπν τρέφω'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the (who are)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἑστηκότωνἑστηκότωνVXI XAPGPNI(/STHMIfinite verb advancing the clauseCATSS source 17.2Chron.mlxx.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
9

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς τί ὑμεῖς βουλεύεσθε καὶ ἀποκριθήσομαι λόγον τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ οἳ ἐλάλησαν πρός με λέγοντες ἄνες ἀπὸ τοῦ ζυγοῦ οὗ ἔδωκεν ὁ πατήρ σου ἐφ' ἡμᾶς

And he said to them, 'What do you advise, and what answer shall I return to this people who spoke to me, saying, Lighten the yoke that your father put upon us?'

The younger advisers are invited to script the responseκαὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς τί ὑμεῖς βουλεύεσθε
Rehoboam now seeks reinforcement, not correction. The question is framed around how to answer, not whether the people's concern is valid.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complementτίς: 'what'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive elementσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
βουλεύεσθεtook counselV1 PMI2P · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristβουλεύω: 'took counsel'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀποκριθήσομαιanswer / replyVC FPI1S · κρίνω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: 'answer / reply'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
λόγονthing / wordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clauseλόγος: 'thing / word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: 'to him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationὅς: 'who'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐλάλησανspokeVAI AAI3P · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'spoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πρόςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'me'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπνπμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἄνεςlet go / releaseVB AAD2S · ἵημι + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἵημι + ἀνα: 'let go / release'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from / of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ζυγοῦyokeN2 GSM · ζυγόςgenitive element qualifying another termζυγός: 'yoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependenceὅς: 'where'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδίδωμι: 'give'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐπί: 'eph'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἡμᾶςIRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
10

καὶ ἐλάλησαν αὐτῷ τὰ παιδάρια τὰ ἐκτραφέντα μετ' αὐτοῦ οὕτως λαλήσεις τῷ λαῷ τῷ λαλήσαντι πρὸς σὲ λέγων ὁ πατήρ σου ἐβάρυνεν τὸν ζυγὸν ἡμῶν καὶ σὺ ἄφες ἀφ' ἡμῶν οὕτως ἐρεῖς ὁ μικρὸς δάκτυλός μου παχύτερος τῆς ὀσφύος τοῦ πατρός μου

And the youths who had grown up with him spoke to him, saying, 'Thus shall you speak to the people who spoke to you, saying, Your father made our yoke heavy, but you lighten it from us: thus shall you say to them, My little finger is thicker than my father's loins.'

The younger counsel embraces boastful hardnessκαὶ ἐλάλησαν αὐτῷ τὰ παιδάρια
The rhetoric is intentionally provocative. Rule is reimagined as domination intensified through mocking self-magnification.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐλάλησανspokeVAI AAI3P · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'spoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'to him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
παιδάριαyoung boyN2N NPN · παιδάριονcommon noun within the clauseπαιδάριον: 'young boy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἐκτραφέντααππνπν τρέφωVD · αππνπν τρέφω + ἐκparticiple contributing circumstance, manner, or descriptionαππνπν τρέφω + ἐκ: 'αππνπν τρέφω'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: 'thus / so'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
λαλήσειςspokeVF FAI2S · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'spoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαλήσαντιααπδσμ λαλέωVA · ααπδσμ λαλέωparticiple contributing circumstance, manner, or descriptionααπδσμ λαλέω: 'ααπδσμ λαλέω'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
σὲyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐβάρυνενmade heavyV1I IAI3S · βαρύνωthird-person imperative (passive — divine or administrative prescription: 'let the work be heavy')→ constative aoristβαρύνω: 'made heavy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASM · ζυγόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalζυγός: 'yoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceἐγώ: 'our'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἄφεςallow / send awayVB AAD2S · ἵημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἵημι + ἀπο: 'allow / send away'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceἐγώ: 'our'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: 'thus / so'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
μικρὸςsmall / insignificantA1A NSM · μικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemμικρός: 'small / insignificant'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
δάκτυλόςfingerN2 NSM · δάκτυλοςcommon noun within the clauseδάκτυλος: 'finger'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'my'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
παχύτεροςthickerA3 NSMC · παχύςhead noun or nominative element within the clauseπαχύς: 'thicker'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ὀσφύοςloinsN3U GSF · ὀσφύςgenitive element qualifying another termὀσφύς: 'loins'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρcommon noun within the clauseπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'my'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
11

καὶ νῦν ὁ πατήρ μου ἐπαίδευσεν ὑμᾶς ζυγῷ βαρεῖ καὶ ἐγὼ προσθήσω ἐπὶ τὸν ζυγὸν ὑμῶν ὁ πατήρ μου ἐπαίδευσεν ὑμᾶς ἐν μάστιγξιν καὶ ἐγὼ παιδεύσω ὑμᾶς ἐν σκορπίοις

'And now, my father disciplined you with a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions.'

Threat escalates from burden to crueltyκαὶ νῦν ὁ πατήρ μου ἐπαίδευσεν
The paired contrast between whips and scorpions becomes the chapter's emblem of foolish kingship. Authority is confused with punitive excess.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: 'now'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'my'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐπαίδευσενI will disciplineVAI AAI3S · παιδεύωmain verb (the father's chastisement)→ constative aoristπαιδεύω: 'I will discipline'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ζυγῷyokeN2 DSM · ζυγόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentζυγός: 'yoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
βαρεῖproud / heavyA3U DSM · βαρύςcommon noun within the clauseβαρύς: 'proud / heavy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
προσθήσωaddVF FAI1S · τίθημι + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: 'add'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASM · ζυγόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalζυγός: 'yoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ: 'your'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'my'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐπαίδευσενI will disciplineVAI AAI3S · παιδεύωmain verb (the father's chastisement)→ constative aoristπαιδεύω: 'I will discipline'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
μάστιγξινwhipsN3G DPF · μάστιξdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentμάστιξ: 'whips'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
παιδεύσωI will disciplineVF FAI1S · παιδεύωmain verb (the father's chastisement)→ constative aoristπαιδεύω: 'I will discipline'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
σκορπίοιςscorpionsN2 DPM · σκορπίοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentσκορπίος: 'scorpions'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
12

καὶ ἦλθεν Ιεροβοαμ καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς πρὸς Ροβοαμ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ὡς ἐλάλησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς λέγων ἐπιστρέψατε πρός με τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ

And Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day, as the king had spoken, saying, 'Return to me on the third day.'

The appointed audience reconvenesκαὶ ἦλθεν Ιεροβοαμ
The narrative now moves from counsel to irreversible speech. The public setting heightens the consequence of the king's answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: 'came'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainJeroboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'everyone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN ASM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
τρίτῃthirdA1 DSF · τρίτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierτρίτος: 'third'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: 'as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐπιστρέψατεturned backVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ future force: points to action still aheadστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πρόςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'me'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
τρίτῃthirdA1 DSF · τρίτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierτρίτος: 'third'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
13

καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ βασιλεὺς σκληρά καὶ ἐγκατέλιπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ροβοαμ τὴν βουλὴν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων

And the king answered them harshly, and King Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the elders.

Harsh speech enacts the fatal choiceκαὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ βασιλεὺς σκληρά
The verse narrates style and substance together: harshness is not accidental but the expression of rejected wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηanswer / replyVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: 'answer / reply'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
σκληράharshD · σκληρόςadverb or discourse marker shaping the clauseσκληρός: 'harsh'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐγκατέλιπενthey forsookVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeλείπω + ἐν + κατα: 'they forsook'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βουλὴνboylN1 ASF · βουλήcommon noun within the clauseβουλή: 'boyl'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the (who are)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersN2 GPM · πρεσβύτεροςcommon noun within the clauseπρεσβύτερος: 'elders'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
14

καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὴν βουλὴν τῶν νεωτέρων λέγων ὁ πατήρ μου ἐβάρυνεν τὸν ζυγὸν ὑμῶν καὶ ἐγὼ προσθήσω ἐπ' αὐτόν ὁ πατήρ μου ἐπαίδευσεν ὑμᾶς ἐν μάστιγξιν καὶ ἐγὼ παιδεύσω ὑμᾶς ἐν σκορπίοις

And he spoke to them according to the counsel of the younger men, saying, 'My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to it; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions.'

The youthful policy becomes royal decreeκαὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὴν βουλὴν
The counsel has now become enacted governance. The kingdom begins to break at the point of speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'by / according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βουλὴνboylN1 ASF · βουλήcommon noun within the clauseβουλή: 'boyl'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the (who are)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
νεωτέρωνyoungA1A GPM · νέοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemνέος: 'young'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'my'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐβάρυνενmade heavyV1I IAI3S · βαρύνωthird-person imperative (passive — divine or administrative prescription: 'let the work be heavy')→ constative aoristβαρύνω: 'made heavy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASM · ζυγόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalζυγός: 'yoke'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ: 'your'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
προσθήσωaddVF FAI1S · τίθημι + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: 'add'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'upon'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: 'he / she / it'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'my'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐπαίδευσενI will disciplineVAI AAI3S · παιδεύωmain verb (the father's chastisement)→ constative aoristπαιδεύω: 'I will discipline'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
μάστιγξινwhipsN3G DPF · μάστιξdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentμάστιξ: 'whips'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
παιδεύσωI will disciplineVF FAI1S · παιδεύωmain verb (the father's chastisement)→ constative aoristπαιδεύω: 'I will discipline'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
σκορπίοιςscorpionsN2 DPM · σκορπίοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentσκορπίος: 'scorpions'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
15

καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ λαοῦ ὅτι ἦν μεταστροφὴ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λέγων ἀνέστησεν κύριος τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ ὃν ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ Αχια τοῦ Σηλωνίτου περὶ Ιεροβοαμ υἱοῦ Ναβατ

And the king did not listen to the people, for it was a turning from God, so that the Lord might establish his word that he spoke by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite concerning Jeroboam son of Nebat.

Theological interpretation of political failureκαὶ οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς
Chronicles names divine providence without softening the king's folly. The refusal serves the standing prophetic word concerning Jeroboam.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀκούω: 'hear'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: 'for / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionεἰμί: 'it was'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
μεταστροφὴμεταστροφήN1 NSF · μεταστροφήhead noun or nominative element within the clauseμεταστροφή: 'μεταστροφή'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phraseπαρά: 'beside / by'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: 'God'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἀνέστησενraise upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἵστημι + ἀνα: 'raise up'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: 'LORD'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λόγονthing / wordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clauseλόγος: 'thing / word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ὃνosRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationὅς: 'os'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
ΑχιαAhijahN GSM · Αχιαproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceAhijah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ΣηλωνίτουShiloniteN1M GSM · Σηλωνίτηςgenitive element qualifying another termΣηλωνίτης: 'Shilonite'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phraseπερί: 'concerning / about'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN GSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainJeroboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
υἱοῦof the sonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive in the repeated 'son of' genealogy formulaυἱός: 'of the son'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
ΝαβατNebatN GSM · Ναβατproper name or indeclinable itemNebat: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
16

καὶ παντὸς Ισραηλ ὅτι οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπεκρίθη ὁ λαὸς πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα λέγων τίς ἡμῖν μερὶς ἐν Δαυιδ καὶ κληρονομία ἐν υἱῷ Ιεσσαι εἰς τὰ σκηνώματά σου Ισραηλ νῦν βλέπε τὸν οἶκόν σου Δαυιδ καὶ ἐπορεύθη πᾶς Ισραηλ εἰς τὰ σκηνώματα αὐτοῦ

And all Israel saw that the king did not listen to them, and the people answered the king, saying, 'What portion have we in David, and no inheritance in the son of Jesse? Each of you to your tents, O Israel; now see to your own house, David.' And all Israel went to their tents.

The rupture is voiced in anti-Davidic sloganκαὶ παντὸς Ισραηλ
The crowd's answer rejects shared political inheritance. The cry to the tents marks the formal collapse of united allegiance.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: 'for / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀκούω: 'hear'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'them'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηanswer / replyVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: 'answer / reply'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'to / toward'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goalβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τίςwhatRI NSF · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseτίς: 'what'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronoun functioning as dative complementἐγώ: 'to us'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςcommon noun within the clauseμερίς: 'portion'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
κληρονομίαinheritanceN1A NSF · κληρονομίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionκληρονομία: 'inheritance'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
ΙεσσαιJesseN GSM · Ιεσσαιproper name within the list or clauseJesse: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'for / unto'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
σκηνώματάcampN3M APN · σκήνωμαcommon noun within the clauseσκήνωμα: 'camp'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: 'now'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
βλέπεseerV1 PAD2S · βλέπωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ present participle (titular)βλέπω: 'seer'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
οἶκόνhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative complementοἶκος: 'house'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN VSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clauseDavid: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐπορεύθηgoVCI API3S · πορεύομαιmovement predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: 'go'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'everyone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'for / unto'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
σκηνώματαcampN3M APN · σκήνωμαcommon noun within the clauseσκήνωμα: 'camp'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'his'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
17

καὶ ἄνδρες Ισραηλ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν πόλεσιν Ιουδα καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπ' αὐτῶν Ροβοαμ

But as for the men of Israel who lived in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.

Judah remains the reduced sphere of Rehoboam's ruleκαὶ ἄνδρες Ισραηλ οἱ κατοικοῦντες
The kingdom is not annihilated but contracted. Rehoboam's kingship survives only within a narrower territorial loyalty.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative head term or subject complementἀνήρ: 'men'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ present participle of residenceπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: 'dwelling'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
πόλεσινcitiesN3I DPF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπόλις: 'cities'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: 'reigned'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'upon'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: 'them'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
18

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ροβοαμ τὸν Αδωνιραμ τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ φόρου καὶ ἐλιθοβόλησαν αὐτὸν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ λίθοις καὶ ἀπέθανεν καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ροβοαμ ἔσπευσεν τοῦ ἀναβῆναι εἰς τὸ ἅρμα τοῦ φυγεῖν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ

And King Rehoboam sent Adoniram, who was over the forced labor, and the sons of Israel stoned him with stones, and he died; and King Rehoboam hurried to mount his chariot to flee to Jerusalem.

The schism hardens into violenceκαὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ροβοαμ
Sending the labor officer is disastrously tone-deaf, as though coercion could still solve the problem. The stoning and the king's flight show the break is now irreversible in practice.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστέλλω + ἀπο: '+ apo'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ΑδωνιραμAdoniramN ASM · Αδωνιραμproper name or indeclinable itemAdoniram: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
φόρουforced labor / tributeN2 GSM · φόροςgenitive element qualifying another termφόρος: 'forced labor / tribute'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἐλιθοβόλησανstoneVAI AAI3P · λιθοβολέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ legislative future (prescriptive stoning)λιθοβολέω: 'stone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'him'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'sons'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
λίθοιςstoneN2 DPM · λίθοςdative complement within the clause or phraseλίθος: 'stone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aorist (death notice)θνήσκω + ἀπο: 'he died'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'he'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: 'king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the nom case within the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRoboam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ἔσπευσενhurriedVAI AAI3S · σπεύδωmain verb→ constative aoristσπεύδω: 'hurried'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἀναβῆναιgo upVZ AAN · βαίνω + ἀναinfinitive complement or verbal noun expression→ infinitive of actionβαίνω + ἀνα: 'go up'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'for / unto'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἅρμαchariotN3M ASN · ἅρμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἅρμα: 'chariot'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the acc case within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
φυγεῖνfledVB AAN · φεύγωmain verb→ constative aoristφεύγω: 'fled'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'for / unto'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
19

καὶ ἠθέτησεν Ισραηλ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Δαυιδ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης

And Israel rebelled against the house of David until this day.

Enduring schism noticeκαὶ ἠθέτησεν Ισραηλ
The closing formula turns immediate revolt into remembered historical condition. The fracture of the kingdom becomes the settled horizon for what follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
ἠθέτησενtransgressedVAI AAI3S · ἀθετέωmain verb of covenant-violation aside→ constative aorist (violation notice)ἀθετέω: 'transgressed'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. In this context it advances the prayer, narrative, or royal report.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clauseIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: 'house'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the dat case within the clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clauseDavid: a transliterated proper name preserved in this narrative, royal, or liturgical context.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: 'the'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. The article marks case, number, and gender for the phrase it governs.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it appears in the gen case within the clause.
ταύτηςthis/theseRD GSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative summarizing the preceding namesοὗτος: 'this/these'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's prayer, narrative, or royal discourse. Here it functions pronominally within the clause or phrase.