1
καὶ ἦλθεν Ροβοαμ εἰς Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐξεκκλησίασεν τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ Βενιαμιν ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα χιλιάδας νεανίσκων ποιούντων πόλεμον καὶ ἐπολέμει πρὸς Ισραηλ τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ Ροβοαμ
And Rehoboam came to Jerusalem and assembled Judah and Benjamin, one hundred eighty thousand young men fit for war, to fight against Israel and restore the kingdom to Rehoboam.
The chapter opens with an attempted military undoing of the division. Rehoboam’s first instinct is reconquest, not submission to the judgment already at work.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεκκλησίασενekklesiazoVAI AAI3S · ἐκκλησιάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἐκκλησιάζω: meaning 'ekklesiazo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBeniaminN ASM · Βενιαμίνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
ἑκατὸνhundredM · ἑκατόνnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyM · ὀγδοήκονταnumerical term contributing to the count or total→ discourse linkage or contrastὀγδοήκοντα: meaning 'eighty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
νεανίσκωνyoung menN2 GPM · νεανίσκοςobject of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as object of ὀπίσω.
ποιούντωνdo / makeV2 · παπγπμ ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ authority, delayed judgment, and hidden providenceπαπγπμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπολέμειwarred / foughtV2I IAI3S · πολεμέωmain verb (durative, summarizing reign)→ iterative/customary imperfect (kept making war)πολεμέω: meaning 'warred'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (durative, summarizing reign).
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστρέψαιturned backVA AAN · στρέφω + ἐπιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN DSM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
2
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρὸς Σαμαιαν ἄνθρωπον τοῦ θεοῦ λέγων
And the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying,
The narrative turns when divine speech enters. Shemaiah appears as the authoritative brake on royal ambition.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΣαμαιανShemaiahN1T ASM · Σαμαιαςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant identificationΣαμαιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
3
εἰπὸν πρὸς Ροβοαμ τὸν τοῦ Σαλωμων καὶ πρὸς πάντα Ιουδαν καὶ Βενιαμιν λέγων
Speak to Rehoboam son of Solomon, and to all Judah and Benjamin, saying,
The word is aimed not only at the king but at the whole southern body politic. The threatened war will be stopped publicly, not privately.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰπὸνspeak / sayVBI AAD2S · εἶπονmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned speech-act)εἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine imperative to Moses).
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN ASM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ wakeful praise and righteous enduranceΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBeniaminN ASM · Βενιαμίνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
4
τάδε λέγει κύριος οὐκ ἀναβήσεσθε καὶ οὐ πολεμήσετε πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ὑμῶν ἀποστρέφετε ἕκαστος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ ὅτι παρ' ἐμοῦ ἐγένετο τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο καὶ ἐπήκουσαν τοῦ λόγου κυρίου καὶ ἀπεστράφησαν τοῦ μὴ πορευθῆναι ἐπὶ Ιεροβοαμ
Thus says the LORD: You shall not go up or fight against your brothers. Return each man to his house, for this matter has come from me. So they obeyed the word of the LORD and turned back from going against Jeroboam.
The prohibition is grounded in theology, not expediency. Because the rupture has come under divine judgment, obedience now means renouncing fratricidal recovery.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀναβήσεσθεyou shall go upVF FMI2P · βαίνω + ἀναmain verb (prohibition)→ prohibitive future (= imperatival)βαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'you shall go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prohibition).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
πολεμήσετεyou shall make warVF FAI2P · πολεμέωmain verb (prohibition, parallel)→ prohibitive futureπολεμέω: meaning 'you shall make war'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prohibition, parallel).
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersN2 APM · ἀδελφόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀποστρέφετεkillV1 PAD2P · στρέφω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρ'from/besideP · παράpreposition→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M NSN · ῥῆμαsubject (predicate nominative with implied copula)→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as subject (predicate nominative with implied copula).
τοῦτοthis / theseRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπήκουσανhear favorablyVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive object of περί→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive object of περί.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεστράφησανthey turned backVDI API3P · στρέφω + ἀποmain verb (the flight back)→ constative aorist (the retreat)στρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the flight back).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πορευθῆναιgoVC APN · πορεύομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Ιεροβοαμof JeroboamN ASM · Ιεροβοαμindeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship)Ιεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship).
5
καὶ κατῴκησεν Ροβοαμ εἰς Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν πόλεις τειχήρεις ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ
And Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem and built fortified cities in Judah,
Once the northern campaign is canceled, the king redirects his energy into securing what remains. Judah is consolidated rather than expanded.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατῴκησενdwellVAI AAI3S · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist indicative summaryοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASM · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τειχήρειςfortifiedA3H APF · τειχήρηςattributive adjective (walled cities)→ content focusτειχήρης: meaning 'fortified'; it serves as attributive adjective (walled cities).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳIoydaiaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
6
καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν τὴν Βαιθλεεμ καὶ τὴν Αιταμ καὶ τὴν Θεκωε
namely Bethlehem and Etam and Tekoa,
The place-name sequence turns policy into geography. Rehoboam’s response to prophetic restraint is practical strategic building.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαιθλεεμBethlehemN ASF · Βαιθλεεμindeclinable proper noun, object of ἀπό (place of origin)Βαιθλεεμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of ἀπό (place of origin).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑιταμAitamN ASF · Αιταμdescendant name governed by the filial headingΑιταμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as descendant name governed by the filial heading.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΘεκωεTekoaN ASF · Θεκωεobject of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)Θεκωε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name).
7
καὶ τὴν Βαιθσουρα καὶ τὴν Σοκχωθ καὶ τὴν Οδολλαμ
and Beth-zur and Soco and Adullam,
The rapid archival naming sustains the sense of defensive depth. The reduced kingdom is being made harder to penetrate.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαιθσουραBaithsoyraN ASF · Βαιθσουραproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαιθσουρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣοκχωθSuccothN ASF · Σοκχωθproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrativeΣοκχωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΟδολλαμAdullamN ASF · Οδολλαμindeclinable place-name in apposition to σπήλαιονΟδολλαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable place-name in apposition to σπήλαιον.
8
καὶ τὴν Γεθ καὶ τὴν Μαρισαν καὶ τὴν Ζιφ
and Gath and Mareshah and Ziph,
Chronicles lingers over the map because fortification itself is part of the reign summary. Stability is embodied in guarded towns.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓεθGathN ASF · Γεθsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextΓεθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαρισανMarisanN ASF · Μαρισανproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΜαρισαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖιφZiphN ASF · Ζιφgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'hill of Ziph')Ζιφ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'hill of Ziph').
9
καὶ τὴν Αδωραιμ καὶ τὴν Λαχις καὶ τὴν Αζηκα
and Adoraim and Lachish and Azekah,
The repetitive cadence communicates breadth rather than rhetorical flourish. Judah is networked for endurance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑδωραιμAdoraimN ASF · Αδωραιμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑδωραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛαχιςLachishN ASF · Λαχιςgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΛαχις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑζηκαAzekahN ASF · Αζηκαindeclinable place-name→ participant identificationΑζηκα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable place-name.
10
καὶ τὴν Σαραα καὶ τὴν Αιαλων καὶ τὴν Χεβρων ἥ ἐστιν τοῦ Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν πόλεις τειχήρεις
and Zorah and Aijalon and Hebron, which are fortified cities belonging to Judah and Benjamin.
The list closes by underlining that these strongholds serve the two-tribe realm. Judah and Benjamin stand together as the surviving Davidic core.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαρααZorahN ASF · Σαρααindeclinable place name (object of ἀπό)Σαραα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable place name (object of ἀπό).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑιαλωνAialonN ASF · Αιαλωνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑιαλων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧεβρωνHebronN ASF · Χεβρωνplace-name in the allotment listΧεβρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
ἥwho / whichRR NSF · ὅςpronoun referring within the clause→ participant referenceἥ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τειχήρειςfortifiedA3H APF · τειχήρηςattributive adjective (walled cities)→ content focusτειχήρης: meaning 'fortified'; it serves as attributive adjective (walled cities).
11
καὶ ὠχύρωσεν αὐτὰς τείχεσιν καὶ ἔδωκεν ἐν αὐταῖς ἡγουμένους καὶ παραθέσεις βρωμάτων ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον
And he strengthened them with walls and placed commanders in them, with stores of food, oil, and wine,
Fortification is more than masonry. Rehoboam installs leadership and supply reserves, turning the cities into functioning defensive centers.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠχύρωσενfortifiedVAI AAI3S · ὀχυρόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristὀχυρόω: meaning 'fortified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
τείχεσινwallN3E DPN · τεῖχοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐταῖςthemRD DPF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐταῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡγουμένουςegeomaiV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'egeomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραθέσειςsuppliesN3I APF · παράθεσιςcommon noun within the clauseπαράθεσις: meaning 'supplies'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
βρωμάτωνfoodsN3M GPN · βρῶμαgenitive after ἀπό (from all the foods)→ relational specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as genitive after ἀπό (from all the foods).
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
12
κατὰ πόλιν καὶ κατὰ πόλιν θυρεοὺς καὶ δόρατα καὶ κατίσχυσεν αὐτὰς εἰς πλῆθος σφόδρα καὶ ἦσαν αὐτῷ Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν
and city by city with shields and spears; he made them very strong, and Judah and Benjamin were his.
Weapons complete the picture of royal consolidation. The terse final clause emphasizes that the southern kingdom is now firmly under his hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θυρεοὺςthyreoysN3E APN · θυρεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθυρεός: meaning 'thyreoys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόραταspearsN3 APN · δόρυaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationδόρυ: meaning 'spears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ΙουδαJudahN NSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN NSM · Βενιαμίνname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
13
καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται οἳ ἦσαν ἐν παντὶ Ισραηλ συνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐκ πάντων τῶν ὁρίων
And the priests and the Levites who were in all Israel gathered to him from all their territories,
The narrative shifts from military strengthening to cultic strengthening. Legitimate ministers gravitate toward the Davidic realm.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
συνήχθησανwere gatheredVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'were gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁρίωνbordersN2N GPN · ὅριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ relational specificationὅριον: meaning 'borders'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
14
ὅτι ἐγκατέλιπον οἱ Λευῖται τὰ σκηνώματα τῆς κατασχέσεως αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν πρὸς Ιουδαν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ ὅτι ἐξέβαλεν αὐτοὺς Ιεροβοαμ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ μὴ λειτουργεῖν κυρίῳ
for the Levites left the pasturelands of their possession and came to Judah and Jerusalem, because Jeroboam and his sons cast them out from serving the LORD,
The migration is driven by cultic rupture. Jeroboam’s policy is presented as an expulsion from true service, not a harmless administrative change.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκατέλιπονthey forsookVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐν + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκηνώματαcampN3M APN · σκήνωμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'camp'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατασχέσεωςof possessionN3I GSF · κατάσχεσιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκατάσχεσις: meaning 'of possession'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθησανgoVCI API3P · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέβαλενdrove outVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐκmain verb (the hornet expels the enemy)→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'drove out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the hornet expels the enemy).
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
Ιεροβοαμof JeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμindeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
λειτουργεῖνministerV2 PAN · λειτουργέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ infinitival complementλειτουργέω: meaning 'minister'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
15
καὶ κατέστησεν ἑαυτῷ ἱερεῖς τῶν ὑψηλῶν καὶ τοῖς εἰδώλοις καὶ τοῖς ματαίοις καὶ τοῖς μόσχοις ἃ ἐποίησεν Ιεροβοαμ
and he appointed for himself priests for the high places and for the idols and vanities and the calves that Jeroboam had made.
The vocabulary is intentionally contemptuous. High places, emptinesses, and calves together define the northern alternative as false worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστησενappointedVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταmain verb introducing David's act of appointment→ aorist summary statementἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing David's act of appointment.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V APM · ἱερεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλῶνhighA1 GPM · ὑψηλόςattributive adjective (with ὀρέων)→ Davidic hope and righteous kingshipὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὀρέων).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰδώλοιςidolsN2N DPN · εἴδωλονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceεἴδωλον: meaning 'idols'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ματαίοιςvain ones / idols (goat-demons)A1A DPM · μάταιοςdative of recipient (the false objects of the cult)→ sphere or referenceμάταιος: meaning 'vain ones'; it serves as dative of recipient (the false objects of the cult).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μόσχοιςbullsN2 DPM · μόσχοςdative of reference ('for the thirteen bulls')μόσχος: meaning 'bulls'; it serves as dative of reference ('for the thirteen bulls').
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
Ιεροβοαμof JeroboamN NSM · Ιεροβοαμindeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship).
16
καὶ ἐξέβαλεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ φυλῶν Ισραηλ οἳ ἔδωκαν καρδίαν αὐτῶν τοῦ ζητῆσαι κύριον θεὸν Ισραηλ καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Ιερουσαλημ θῦσαι κυρίῳ θεῷ τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν
And after them, out of all the tribes of Israel, those who had given their heart to seek the LORD God of Israel came to Jerusalem to sacrifice to the LORD God of their fathers.
Not only clergy but also devoted Israelites move south. Judah becomes stronger because it receives hearts set on seeking the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέβαλενdrove outVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐκmain verb (the hornet expels the enemy)→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'drove out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the hornet expels the enemy).
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φυλῶνtribeN1 GPF · φυλήgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of allotment or gift.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνhis/theirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier or resumptive dependent→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier or resumptive dependent.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητῆσαιto inquireVA AAN · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ infinitival complementζητέω: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονerchomaiVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'erchomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
θῦσαιto sacrificeVA AAN · θύωinfinitive of purpose (with ἐρχομένοις)→ telic aorist infinitiveθύω: meaning 'to sacrifice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (with ἐρχομένοις).
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
17
καὶ κατίσχυσαν τὴν βασιλείαν Ιουδα καὶ κατίσχυσαν Ροβοαμ τὸν τοῦ Σαλωμων εἰς ἔτη τρία ὅτι ἐπορεύθη ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς Δαυιδ καὶ Σαλωμων ἔτη τρία
And they strengthened the kingdom of Judah and strengthened Rehoboam son of Solomon for three years, because for three years he walked in the ways of David and Solomon.
Chronicles names a limited but real period of obedience. The kingdom’s strengthening is tied to a three-year span of walking in older Davidic-Solomonic paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσανprevailed againstVA · ααπασν ἰσχύω + καταmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleααπασν ἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevailed against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσανprevailed againstVA · ααπασν ἰσχύω + καταmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleααπασν ἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevailed against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN ASM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ wakeful praise and righteous enduranceΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τρίαthreeA3 APN · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ measure or countτρία: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηgoVCI API3S · πορεύομαιmovement predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as movement predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ sphere or referenceὁδοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ wakeful praise and righteous enduranceΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τρίαthreeA3 APN · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ measure or countτρία: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
18
καὶ ἔλαβεν ἑαυτῷ Ροβοαμ γυναῖκα τὴν Μολλαθ θυγατέρα Ιεριμουθ υἱοῦ Δαυιδ Αβαιαν θυγατέρα Ελιαβ τοῦ Ιεσσαι
And Rehoboam took for himself as wife Mahalath daughter of Jerimoth son of David, and Abihail daughter of Eliab son of Jesse.
The genealogy-laden marriage line ties Rehoboam back into both Davidic and Jesseite stock. Family strategy now fills the closing movement.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήwife-term in a household notice→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as wife-term in a household notice.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜολλαθMahalathN ASF · Μολλαθproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΜολλαθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
ΙεριμουθJarmuthN GSM · Ιεριμουθgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ιεριμουθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name).
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
ΑβαιανAbaianN GSF · Αβαιανproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑβαιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
ΕλιαβEliabN GSM · Ελιαβpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)Ελιαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεσσαιJesseN GSM · Ιεσσαιproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙεσσαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
19
καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ υἱοὺς τὸν Ιαους καὶ τὸν Σαμαριαν καὶ τὸν Ροολλαμ
And she bore him sons: Jeush and Shemariah and Zaham.
The brief birth notice continues the dynastic register. Sons are narrated as political assets as well as household members.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαουςJeushN ASM · Ιαουςname-item in the genealogical registerΙαους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμαριανShemariahN ASM · Σαμαριανproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΣαμαριαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡοολλαμZahamN ASM · Ροολλαμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΡοολλαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
20
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἔλαβεν ἑαυτῷ τὴν Μααχα θυγατέρα Αβεσσαλωμ καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Αβια καὶ τὸν Ιεθθι καὶ τὸν Ζιζα καὶ τὸν Εμμωθ
And after this he took for himself Maacah daughter of Absalom, and she bore him Abijah and Attai and Ziza and Shelomith.
Maacah’s entry matters because her line will become decisive for succession. The list prepares for Abijah’s elevation.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜααχαMaachaN ASF · Μααχαgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Maacha')Μααχα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Maacha').
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
ΑβεσσαλωμAbessalomN GSM · Αβεσσαλωμpredicate nominative (indeclinable name)→ discourse linkage or contrastΑβεσσαλωμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative (indeclinable name).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑβιαAbijahN ASM · Αβιαdirect object of ἔτεκεν (indeclinable; the child)Αβια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object of ἔτεκεν (indeclinable; the child).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεθθιAttaiN ASM · Ιεθθιproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙεθθι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖιζαZizaN ASM · Ζιζαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceΖιζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕμμωθShelomithN ASM · Εμμωθproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΕμμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
21
καὶ ἠγάπησεν Ροβοαμ τὴν Μααχαν θυγατέρα Αβεσσαλωμ ὑπὲρ πάσας τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς παλλακὰς αὐτοῦ ὅτι γυναῖκας δέκα ὀκτὼ εἶχεν καὶ παλλακὰς τριάκοντα καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς εἴκοσι ὀκτὼ καὶ θυγατέρας ἑξήκοντα
And Rehoboam loved Maacah daughter of Absalom more than all his wives and concubines, for he had eighteen wives and thirty concubines and begot twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters.
The verse combines affection, polygamy, and fecundity. Royal abundance is real, but Chronicles leaves the household politics visible rather than idealized.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγάπησενlovedVAI AAI3S · ἀγαπάωmain verb (divine love for the child)→ constative aorist (settled disposition)ἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine love for the child).
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜααχανMaachanN ASF · Μααχανproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΜααχαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
ΑβεσσαλωμAbessalomN GSM · Αβεσσαλωμpredicate nominative (indeclinable name)→ discourse linkage or contrastΑβεσσαλωμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative (indeclinable name).
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παλλακὰςconcubinesN1 APF · παλλακήdirect object of ἔλαβεν (coordinate with γυναῖκας)παλλακή: meaning 'concubines'; it serves as direct object of ἔλαβεν (coordinate with γυναῖκας).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὀκτὼeightM · ὀκτώlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτὼ: meaning 'eight'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
εἶχενpmpdsph echoV1I IAI3S · ἔχωfinite verb advancing the clause→ past ongoingἔχω: meaning 'pmpdsph echo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παλλακὰςconcubinesN1 APF · παλλακήdirect object of ἔλαβεν (coordinate with γυναῖκας)παλλακή: meaning 'concubines'; it serves as direct object of ἔλαβεν (coordinate with γυναῖκας).
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: meaning 'begot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of genealogical begetting notice.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὀκτὼeightM · ὀκτώlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτὼ: meaning 'eight'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative complement→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἑξήκονταexekontaM · ἑξήκονταparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἑξήκοντα: meaning 'exekonta'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
22
καὶ κατέστησεν εἰς ἄρχοντα Ροβοαμ τὸν Αβια τὸν τῆς Μααχα εἰς ἡγούμενον ἐν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι βασιλεῦσαι διενοεῖτο αὐτόν
And Rehoboam appointed Abijah son of Maacah as chief, as leader among his brothers, because he intended to make him king.
The succession plan is made explicit. Rehoboam distinguishes one son from the many and thereby brings dynastic intention into view.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστησενappointedVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταmain verb introducing David's act of appointment→ aorist summary statementἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing David's act of appointment.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἄρχονταcommanderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN ASM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑβιαAbijahN GSM · Αβιαdirect object of ἔτεκεν (indeclinable; the child)Αβια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object of ἔτεκεν (indeclinable; the child).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜααχαMaachaN GSF · Μααχαgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Maacha')Μααχα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Maacha').
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡγούμενονleadV2 · πμπασμ ἡγέομαιparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ local semantic contributionπμπασμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'lead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀδελφοῖςadelphosN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'adelphos'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: meaning 'to make king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
διενοεῖτοintended / purposedV2I IMI3S · νοέομαι + διαmain verb (the giant's deadly intent)→ conative imperfect (was trying / intending)νοέομαι + δια: meaning 'intended'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the giant's deadly intent).
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
23
καὶ ηὐξήθη παρὰ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ὁρίοις Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν καὶ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ταῖς ὀχυραῖς καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐταῖς τροφὰς πλῆθος πολὺ καὶ ᾐτήσατο πλῆθος γυναικῶν
And he acted prudently and distributed all his sons through all the districts of Judah and Benjamin and through the fortified cities, and he gave them abundant provisions and sought many wives.
The closing verse portrays royal prudence in administrative form. Provision, placement, and marriages are used to stabilize the wider household around the chosen heir.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὐξήθηincreased / grewVCI API3S · αὐξάνωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionαὐξάνω: meaning 'increased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁρίοιςterritoriesN2N DPN · ὅριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ sphere or referenceὅριον: meaning 'territories'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεσινpolisN3I DPF · πόλιςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'polis'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀχυραῖςochyraisA1A DPF · ὀχυρόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ sphere or referenceὀχυρός: meaning 'ochyrais'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐταῖςthemRD DPF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐταῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τροφὰςtrophasN1 APF · τροφήcommon noun within the clauseτροφή: meaning 'trophas'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
πολὺmuchA3U ASN · πολύςattributive adjective (with σπέρμα)→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as attributive adjective (with σπέρμα).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾐτήσατοaskVAI AMI3S · αἰτέωmain verbal predicate→ present/middle indicative summaryαἰτέω: meaning 'ask'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
γυναικῶνwivesN3K GPF · γυνήgenitive object of μετά ('with your wives')→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as genitive object of μετά ('with your wives').