1
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἡτοιμάσθη ἡ βασιλεία Ροβοαμ καὶ ὡς κατεκρατήθη ἐγκατέλιπεν τὰς ἐντολὰς κυρίου καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ μετ' αὐτοῦ
And it came to pass, when the kingdom of Rehoboam was established and he had become strong, that he abandoned the commandments of the LORD, and all Israel with him.
Chronicles often treats security as a test. Once Rehoboam feels settled, fidelity gives way to presumption, and the people follow him.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡτοιμάσθηwas establishedVCI API3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verb→ constative aorist (the kingdom firmly set)ἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'was established'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
βασιλείαkingdomN1A NSF · βασιλείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN GSM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κατεκρατήθηwent downVCI API3S · κρατέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseκρατέω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐγκατέλιπενthey forsookVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολὰςEntolasN1 APF · ἐντολήaccusative complement→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'Entolas'; it serves as accusative complement.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
2
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας Ροβοαμ ἀνέβη Σουσακιμ βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ ὅτι ἥμαρτον ἐναντίον κυρίου
And it happened in the fifth year of King Rehoboam that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had sinned against the LORD,
The causal clause is decisive. Egypt attacks because Judah has sinned, so the military event is already theologically explained.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέμπτῳfifthA1 DSN · πέμπτοςattributive ordinal (modifying μηνὶ)→ sphere or referenceπέμπτος: meaning 'fifth'; it serves as attributive ordinal (modifying μηνὶ).
ἔτειyearsN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative complement→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as dative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN GSM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΣουσακιμShishakN NSM · Σουσακιμaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)Σουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥμαρτονI have sinnedVBI AAI3P · ἁμαρτάνωmain verb (confession)→ constative aorist (acknowledged completed sin)ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (confession).
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
3
ἐν χιλίοις καὶ διακοσίοις ἅρμασιν καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάσιν ἵππων καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμὸς τοῦ πλήθους τοῦ ἐλθόντος μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Λίβυες Τρωγλοδύται καὶ Αἰθίοπες
with twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand horsemen; and the people who came with him from Egypt were without number: Libyans, Troglodytes, and Ethiopians.
The immense coalition magnifies Judah’s vulnerability. Humanly speaking, the pressure against Jerusalem is overwhelming.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χιλίοιςthousandA1A DPN · χίλιοιdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακοσίοιςtwo hundredA1A DPN · διακόσιοιadjectival or ordinal modifierδιακόσιοι: meaning 'two hundred'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἅρμασινchariotsN3M DPN · ἅρμαdative with σύν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceἅρμα: meaning 'chariots'; it serves as dative with σύν (accompaniment).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταexekontaM · ἑξήκονταparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἑξήκοντα: meaning 'exekonta'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χιλιάσινthousandsN3D DPF · χιλίαςdative of measure (object of ἐν)χιλίας: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as dative of measure (object of ἐν).
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςmultitudeN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθόντοςhaving comeVB · ααπγσμ ἔρχομαιgenitive absolute participle (temporal: 'at the coming of the year')→ aorist participle (temporal antecedent in genitive absolute)ααπγσμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'having come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute participle (temporal: 'at the coming of the year').
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ΛίβυεςLibyesN NPM · Λίβυεςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ named reference within the oracleΛίβυες: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ΤρωγλοδύταιTroglodytesN NPM · Τρωγλοδύταιproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΤρωγλοδύται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑἰθίοπεςAithiopesN NPM · Αἰθίοψproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑἰθίοπες: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
4
καὶ κατεκράτησαν τῶν πόλεων τῶν ὀχυρῶν αἳ ἦσαν ἐν Ιουδα καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
And they captured the fortified cities that were in Judah, and he came as far as Jerusalem.
The fortified network of chapter 11 cannot save a faithless kingdom. The invader moves through Judah until the capital itself is exposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεκράτησανwent downVAI AAI3P · κρατέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ effective aoristκρατέω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcityN3I GPF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀχυρῶνochyrῶnA1A GPM · ὀχυρόςadjectival or ordinal modifierὀχυρός: meaning 'ochyrῶn'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
αἳwhich / thatRR NPF · ὅςrelative pronoun (feminine plural, referring to λαμπάδες: 'which passed between')→ participant referenceαἳ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (feminine plural, referring to λαμπάδες: 'which passed between').
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
5
καὶ Σαμαιας ὁ προφήτης ἦλθεν πρὸς Ροβοαμ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας Ιουδα τοὺς συναχθέντας εἰς Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ προσώπου Σουσακιμ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς οὕτως εἶπεν κύριος ὑμεῖς ἐγκατελίπετέ με κἀγὼ ἐγκαταλείψω ὑμᾶς ἐν χειρὶ Σουσακιμ
And Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam and to the rulers of Judah who had gathered in Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said to them, Thus says the LORD: You abandoned me, and I also will abandon you into the hand of Shishak.
The prophet turns panic into interpretation. Judah’s abandonment by God is not arbitrary; it answers their prior abandonment of him.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμαιαςShemaiahN1T NSM · Σαμαιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΣαμαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN ASM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναχθένταςsynachthentasVQ · αππαπμ ἄγω + συνparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseαππαπμ ἄγω + συν: meaning 'synachthentas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΣουσακιμShishakN GSM · Σουσακιμaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)Σουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςhe / him / hisRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἐγκατελίπετέforsookVBI AAI2P · λείπω + ἐν + καταmain verb (the indictment)→ constative aorist (the act of abandonment charged)λείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the indictment).
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκἀγὼ: meaning 'and I'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλείψωI will leave / forsakeVF FAI1S · λείπω + ἐν + καταmain verb of the oath-clause→ emphatic negated future (within the oath: 'I will not leave')λείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'I will leave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the oath-clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΣουσακιμShishakN GSM · Σουσακιμaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)Σουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
6
καὶ ᾐσχύνθησαν οἱ ἄρχοντες Ισραηλ καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ εἶπαν δίκαιος ὁ κύριος
Then the rulers of Israel and the king were put to shame and said, The LORD is righteous.
The confession is short but weighty. They acknowledge the justice of the judgment rather than protesting the severity of their circumstances.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾐσχύνθησανwere put to shame / became odiousVCI API3P · αἰσχύνωmain verb (state of enmity/disgrace)→ ingressive aorist passive (came to be in disgrace)αἰσχύνω: meaning 'were put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (state of enmity/disgrace).
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςpredicate adjective (substantival)→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as predicate adjective (substantival).
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
7
καὶ ἐν τῷ ἰδεῖν κύριον ὅτι ἐνετράπησαν καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρὸς Σαμαιαν λέγων ἐνετράπησαν οὐ καταφθερῶ αὐτούς καὶ δώσω αὐτοὺς ὡς μικρὸν εἰς σωτηρίαν καὶ οὐ μὴ στάξῃ ὁ θυμός μου ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And when the LORD saw that they were humbled, the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah, saying, They have humbled themselves; I will not destroy them, but I will give them a little deliverance, and my wrath shall not be poured out on Jerusalem.
The chapter presents divine relenting without denying guilt. Humility changes the extent of the blow, though not the reality of discipline.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνετράπησανcommandVDI API3P · τρέπω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clauseτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'command'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΣαμαιανShemaiahN1T ASM · Σαμαιαςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant identificationΣαμαιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἐνετράπησανcommandVDI API3P · τρέπω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clauseτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'command'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
καταφθερῶwent downVF2 FAI1S · φθείρω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseφθείρω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A ASM · μικρόςadjectival modifier→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
στάξῃdrippedVA AAS3S · στάζωfinite verb advancing the clauseστάζω: meaning 'dripped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμόςwrath / angerN2 NSM · θυμόςsubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as subject of ἔσται.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
8
ὅτι ἔσονται εἰς παῖδας καὶ γνώσονται τὴν δουλείαν μου καὶ τὴν δουλείαν τῆς βασιλείας τῆς γῆς
Yet they shall become servants, so that they may know my service and the service of the kingdoms of the earth.
Judah must learn by contrast. Foreign domination will teach what it means to lose the freedom that belongs to serving the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσονταιwill knowVF FMI3P · γιγνώσκωmain verb (recognition formula: purpose of divine action)→ futuristic future (certain coming recognition)γιγνώσκω: meaning 'will know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (recognition formula: purpose of divine action).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δουλείανservitude / one sideN1A ASF · δουλείαaccusative object of εἰς (predicate of state)→ object specificationδουλεία: meaning 'servitude'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς (predicate of state).
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δουλείανservitude / one sideN1A ASF · δουλείαaccusative object of εἰς (predicate of state)→ object specificationδουλεία: meaning 'servitude'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς (predicate of state).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
9
καὶ ἀνέβη Σουσακιμ βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἔλαβεν τοὺς θησαυροὺς τοὺς ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς τοὺς ἐν οἴκῳ τοῦ βασιλέως τὰ πάντα ἔλαβεν καὶ ἔλαβεν τοὺς θυρεοὺς τοὺς χρυσοῦς οὓς ἐποίησεν Σαλωμων
So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem and took the treasures of the house of the LORD and the treasures of the king's house; he took everything, and he took the golden shields that Solomon had made.
The plunder touches both cult and crown. Solomonic wealth is stripped away as the material sign of diminished glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΣουσακιμShishakN NSM · Σουσακιμaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)Σουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρεοὺςthyreoysN2 APM · θυρεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθυρεός: meaning 'thyreoys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσοῦςgoldenA1C APM · χρυσοῦςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
οὓςwho / whichRR APM · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN NSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
10
καὶ ἐποίησεν Ροβοαμ θυρεοὺς χαλκοῦς ἀντ' αὐτῶν καὶ κατέστησεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν Σουσακιμ ἄρχοντας παρατρεχόντων τοὺς φυλάσσοντας τὸν πυλῶνα τοῦ βασιλέως
And King Rehoboam made shields of bronze in their place and entrusted them to the commanders of the guard who kept the king's gate.
Replacement allows ceremonial continuity, but only in reduced form. The kingdom imitates former grandeur without recovering it.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
θυρεοὺςthyreoysN2 APM · θυρεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθυρεός: meaning 'thyreoys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
χαλκοῦςbronzeA1C APM · χαλκοῦςpredicate adjective (with οὐρανός)→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterχαλκοῦς: meaning 'bronze'; it serves as predicate adjective (with οὐρανός).
ἀντ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστησενappointedVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταmain verb introducing David's act of appointment→ aorist summary statementἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing David's act of appointment.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΣουσακιμShishakN NSM · Σουσακιμaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)Σουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παρατρεχόντωνrunnersV1 · παπγπμ τρέχω + παραsubstantival participle (genitive: 'of the runners')→ imperfective participle (those who run alongside)παπγπμ τρέχω + παρα: meaning 'runners'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival participle (genitive: 'of the runners').
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσονταςkeeping / guardingV1 · παπαπμ φυλάσσωattributive participle (modifying τοὺς τρεῖς)→ customary present (their standing duty)παπαπμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (modifying τοὺς τρεῖς).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλῶναgateN3W ASM · πυλώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπυλών: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
11
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν τὸν βασιλέα εἰς οἶκον κυρίου εἰσεπορεύοντο οἱ φυλάσσοντες καὶ οἱ παρατρέχοντες καὶ οἱ ἐπιστρέφοντες εἰς ἀπάντησιν τῶν παρατρεχόντων
And whenever the king went into the house of the LORD, the guards and runners would go in, and then they would return them to the guardroom.
The substitute shields become part of court liturgy. Repetition keeps the memory of loss alive every time the king approaches the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσελθεῖνwent inVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aorist (marital approach notice)ἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
εἰσεπορεύοντοwere coming in to / went intoV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαι + εἰςverb of iterative clause (iterative imperfect)→ iterative imperfect (repeatedly entering, on each occasion)πορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'were coming in to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of iterative clause (iterative imperfect).
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσοντεςkeeping / guardingV1 · παπνπμ φυλάσσωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ participial/imperfectiveπαπνπμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατρέχοντεςrunnersV1 · παπνπμ τρέχω + παραsubstantival participle (subject of ᾖρον: 'the runners')→ imperfective participle (the royal couriers/guards)παπνπμ τρέχω + παρα: meaning 'runners'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival participle (subject of ᾖρον: 'the runners').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστρέφοντεςepistrephontesV1 · παπνπμ στρέφω + ἐπιparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ direct appealπαπνπμ στρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'epistrephontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀπάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · ἀπάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀπάντησις: meaning 'meeting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατρεχόντωνrunnersV1 · παπγπμ τρέχω + παραsubstantival participle (genitive: 'of the runners')→ imperfective participle (those who run alongside)παπγπμ τρέχω + παρα: meaning 'runners'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival participle (genitive: 'of the runners').
12
καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐντραπῆναι αὐτὸν ἀπεστράφη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ὀργὴ κυρίου καὶ οὐκ εἰς καταφθορὰν εἰς τέλος καὶ γὰρ ἐν Ιουδα ἦσαν λόγοι ἀγαθοί
And when he humbled himself, the wrath of the LORD turned away from him, so as not to destroy utterly; moreover, conditions in Judah were good.
The verse refuses both extremes. Judgment is real, but it is not total, and the chapter notes surviving signs of goodness within Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντραπῆναιcommandVD APN · τρέπω + ἐνinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal actionτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'command'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal action.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπεστράφηturned awayVDI API3S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verb (negated, intransitive/passive sense)→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated, intransitive/passive sense).
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὀργὴwith angerN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
καταφθορὰνkataphthoranN1A ASF · καταφθοράcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκαταφθορά: meaning 'kataphthoran'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative complement→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
ἀγαθοίgoodA1 NPM · ἀγαθόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ household prudence and fear of the Lordἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
13
καὶ κατίσχυσεν Ροβοαμ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν καὶ τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ἑνὸς ἐτῶν Ροβοαμ ἐν τῷ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτὸν καὶ ἑπτακαίδεκα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἐν τῇ πόλει ᾗ ἐξελέξατο κύριος ἐπονομάσαι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐκεῖ ἐκ πασῶν φυλῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Νοομμα ἡ Αμμανῖτις
So Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem and reigned. Rehoboam was forty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city that the LORD chose from all the tribes of Israel to put his name there; and his mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess.
The formula grants continuity to Rehoboam’s reign while keeping Jerusalem’s chosen status in view. The city remains elect even under a flawed king.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταtessarakontaM · τεσσαράκονταparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastτεσσαράκοντα: meaning 'tessarakonta'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑνὸςoneA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive of relationship with numeral (one man's sons)→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'one'; it serves as genitive of relationship with numeral (one man's sons).
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN GSM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: meaning 'to make king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακαίδεκαseventeenM · ἑπτακαίδεκαnumerical term contributing to the count or totalἑπτακαίδεκα: meaning 'seventeen'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ᾗwho / whichRR DSF · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐξελέξατοhas chosenVAI AMI3S · λέγω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'has chosen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπονομάσαιact/doVA AAN · ὀνομάζω + ἐπιinfinitive→ perfective infinitiveὀνομάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'act'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πασῶνallA1S GPF · πᾶςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
φυλῶνtribeN1 GPF · φυλήgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formula→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as head noun in a naming formula.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb')→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΝοομμαNaamahN NSM · Νοομμαproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΝοομμα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ΑμμανῖτιςAmmonitessN NSM · Αμμανῖτιςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑμμανῖτις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
14
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρόν ὅτι οὐ κατεύθυνεν τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐκζητῆσαι τὸν κύριον
And he did evil, because he did not set his heart to seek the LORD.
The whole reign is finally interpreted through disposition. Failure to seek the LORD at the level of the heart explains the chapter better than any single event.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρόνhatefulA1A ASN · πονηρόςaccusative predicate complement with εἶναι (Jacob to be evil/hateful in others' eyes)→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'hateful'; it serves as accusative predicate complement with εἶναι (Jacob to be evil/hateful in others' eyes).
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
κατεύθυνενhe did not manage / direct rightlyVAI AAI3S · εὐθύνω + καταmain verb (the failed pronunciation)→ constative aorist (the decisive failure that betrays him)εὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'he did not manage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the failed pronunciation).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκζητῆσαιto seek outVA AAN · ζητέω + ἐκinfinitive of purpose (with παραγίνεται: 'come to seek')→ aorist infinitive (purpose of the coming)ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'to seek out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (with παραγίνεται: 'come to seek').
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
15
καὶ λόγοι Ροβοαμ οἱ πρῶτοι καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι οὐκ ἰδοὺ γεγραμμένοι ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Σαμαια τοῦ προφήτου καὶ Αδδω τοῦ ὁρῶντος καὶ πράξεις αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπολέμει Ροβοαμ τὸν Ιεροβοαμ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας
Now the acts of Rehoboam, first and last, are they not written in the records of Shemaiah the prophet and of Iddo the seer, with his deeds? And Rehoboam was at war with Jeroboam all his days.
The record formula closes the narrative, but the note of unending war reminds the reader that the schism remained an active wound through his reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamN GSM · Ροβοαμsubject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς)Ροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun, in apposition to βασιλεύς).
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 NPMS · πρῶτοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσχατοιlastA1 NPM · ἔσχατοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ attention-getting deicticἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεγραμμένοιrecordedVP · χμπνπμ γράφωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleχμπνπμ γράφω: meaning 'recorded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΣαμαιαShemaiahN1T GSM · Σαμαιαςcommon noun within the clauseΣαμαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑδδωIddoN GSM · Αδδωproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΑδδω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρῶντοςseerV3 · παπγσμ ὁράωsubstantivized participle ('seer' = the one who sees)παπγσμ ὁράω: meaning 'seer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantivized participle ('seer' = the one who sees).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πράξειςpraxeisN3I NPF · πρᾶξιςcommon noun within the clause→ teachability, speech, and disciplined desireπρᾶξις: meaning 'praxeis'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπολέμειwarred / foughtV2I IAI3S · πολεμέωmain verb (durative, summarizing reign)→ iterative/customary imperfect (kept making war)πολεμέω: meaning 'warred'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (durative, summarizing reign).
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιεροβοαμof JeroboamN ASM · Ιεροβοαμindeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship)Ιεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship).
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
16
καὶ ἀπέθανεν Ροβοαμ καὶ ἐτάφη μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Αβια υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ
And Rehoboam slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David, and Abijah his son reigned in his place.
The dynastic line continues despite the king’s failures. Davidic continuity survives within judgment, a recurring Chronicler theme.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΡοβοαμRoboamN NSM · Ροβοαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτάφηthey buriedVDI API3S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθάπτω: meaning 'they buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτάφηthey buriedVDI API3S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθάπτω: meaning 'they buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ΑβιαAbiaN NSM · Αβιαname-item in the genealogical registerΑβια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀντ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.