1
καὶ Αζαριας υἱὸς Ωδηδ ἐγένετο ἐπ' αὐτὸν πνεῦμα κυρίου
And the Spirit of the LORD came upon Azariah son of Oded,
The chapter begins with charismatic authorization. Azariah’s coming word is marked as more than political counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑζαριαςAzariahN NSM · Αζαριαςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΑζαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΩδηδOdedN GSM · Ωδηδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΩδηδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
2
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς ἀπάντησιν Ασα καὶ παντὶ Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν καὶ εἶπεν ἀκούσατέ μου Ασα καὶ πᾶς Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν κύριος μεθ' ὑμῶν ἐν τῷ εἶναι ὑμᾶς μετ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐὰν ἐκζητήσητε αὐτόν εὑρεθήσεται ὑμῖν καὶ ἐὰν ἐγκαταλίπητε αὐτόν ἐγκαταλείψει ὑμᾶς
and he went out to meet Asa and all Judah and Benjamin and said, Hear me, Asa, and all Judah and Benjamin: The LORD is with you while you are with him; and if you seek him, he will be found by you, but if you forsake him, he will forsake you.
The oracle states a governing theorem for Chronicles. Presence, seeking, finding, and abandonment are presented in direct moral relation.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀπάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · ἀπάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀπάντησις: meaning 'meeting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΑσαAsaN DSM · Ασαsubject of βασιλεύει (indeclinable proper noun)Ασα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of βασιλεύει (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Βενιαμινof BenjaminN DSM · Βενιαμίνgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωimperative verb→ aoristic commandἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ΑσαAsaN VSM · Ασαsubject of βασιλεύει (indeclinable proper noun)Ασα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of βασιλεύει (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 VSM · πᾶςsubject (with articular participle: 'everyone who eats')πᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as subject (with articular participle: 'everyone who eats').
ΙουδαJudahN VSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Βενιαμινof BenjaminN VSM · Βενιαμίνgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Βενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιbeV9 PAN · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἐκζητήσητεyou seek outVA AAS2P · ζητέω + ἐκverb of temporal-conditional clause→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (earnestly seek)ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'you seek out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of temporal-conditional clause.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εὑρεθήσεταιshall be foundVC FPI3S · εὑρίσκωmain verb (existential-prohibitive future)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban on the practitioner's presence)εὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (existential-prohibitive future).
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἐγκαταλίπητεthey forsookVB AAS2P · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐγκαταλείψειthey forsookVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
3
καὶ ἡμέραι πολλαὶ τῷ Ισραηλ ἐν οὐ θεῷ ἀληθινῷ καὶ οὐχ ἱερέως ὑποδεικνύοντος καὶ ἐν οὐ νόμῳ
And for many days Israel was without the true God and without a teaching priest and without law.
Azariah sketches a negative paradigm. Social collapse is traced to theological and instructional lack at the center.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολλαὶmanyA1 NPF · πολύςattributive adjective (with γυναῖκες)→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as attributive adjective (with γυναῖκες).
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οὐnotD · οὐproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀληθινῷtrueA1 DSM · ἀληθινόςadjectival or ordinal modifierἀληθινός: meaning 'true'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἱερέωςpriestN3V GSM · ἱερεύςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑποδεικνύοντοςhypodeiknyontosV1 · παπγσμ δεικνύω + ὑποparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπγσμ δεικνύω + ὑπο: meaning 'hypodeiknyontos'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οὐnotD · οὐproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
4
καὶ ἐπιστρέψει ἐπὶ κύριον θεὸν Ισραηλ καὶ εὑρεθήσεται αὐτοῖς
But they returned to the LORD God of Israel, and he was found by them.
The terse sentence gives the hopeful counterpattern. Seeking is not futile; the LORD answers repentant turning.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψειshall bring backVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall bring back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεθήσεταιshall be foundVC FPI3S · εὑρίσκωmain verb (existential-prohibitive future)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban on the practitioner's presence)εὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (existential-prohibitive future).
αὐτοῖςhe / him / hisRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
5
καὶ ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ οὐκ ἔστιν εἰρήνη τῷ ἐκπορευομένῳ καὶ τῷ εἰσπορευομένῳ ὅτι ἔκστασις κυρίου ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὰς χώρας
And in that time there was no peace for the one going out or the one coming in, because terror from the LORD was upon all the inhabitants of the lands.
The disturbance touches ordinary movement itself. Lack of peace becomes the lived texture of a God-disordered society.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῳ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευομένῳproceedingV1 · πμπδσμ πορεύομαι + ἐκattributive participle (modifying ῥήματι)→ present participle (the word as continually issuing from God)πμπδσμ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'proceeding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (modifying ῥήματι).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευομένῳπμπνσμ πορεύομαιV1 · πμπδσμ πορεύομαι + εἰςparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπμπδσμ πορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'πμπνσμ πορεύομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκστασιςtrance / ecstasy / stuporN3I NSF · ἔκστασιςsubject (of ἐπέπεσεν: the trance as agent)→ participantἔκστασις: meaning 'trance'; it serves as subject (of ἐπέπεσεν: the trance as agent).
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώραςland / countryN1A APF · χώραgenitive object of ἐκ (place of origin)→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (place of origin).
6
καὶ πολεμήσει ἔθνος πρὸς ἔθνος καὶ πόλις πρὸς πόλιν ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἐξέστησεν αὐτοὺς ἐν πάσῃ θλίψει
And nation would fight against nation and city against city, because God troubled them with every distress.
Political fragmentation is not self-explanatory in the oracle. God’s judgment works through the very confusions that tear society apart.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολεμήσειwill fightVF FAI3S · πολεμέωmain verb (divine warrior promise)→ futuristic future (God's imminent military action)πολεμέω: meaning 'will fight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine warrior promise).
ἔθνοςnationsN3E NSN · ἔθνοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐξέστησενthrew into panicVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verb (the routing)→ causative constative aorist (he confounded them)ἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'threw into panic'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the routing).
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
θλίψειafflictionN3I DSF · θλῖψιςdative of circumstance→ sphere or referenceθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as dative of circumstance.
7
καὶ ὑμεῖς ἰσχύσατε καὶ μὴ ἐκλυέσθωσαν αἱ χεῖρες ὑμῶν ὅτι ἔστιν μισθὸς τῇ ἐργασίᾳ ὑμῶν
But you, be strong and do not let your hands grow slack, for there is reward for your work.
The prophetic review is meant to stiffen Asa’s hands. Reforming labor is hard, but it is not futile before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἰσχύσατεbe strongVA AAD2P · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ imperative verbal form pressing a direct commandἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐκλυέσθωσανdestroyV1 PMD3P · λύω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clauseλύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρsubject (of implied 'were')→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as subject (of implied 'were').
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
μισθὸςwages / rewardN2 NSM · μισθόςpredicate nominative (this is your wages)→ participant prominenceμισθός: meaning 'wages'; it serves as predicate nominative (this is your wages).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργασίᾳworkN1A DSF · ἐργασίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceἐργασία: meaning 'work'; it serves as dative complement.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
8
καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ τὴν προφητείαν Αδαδ τοῦ προφήτου καὶ κατίσχυσεν καὶ ἐξέβαλεν τὰ βδελύγματα ἀπὸ πάσης τῆς γῆς Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων ὧν κατέσχεν ἐν ὄρει Εφραιμ καὶ ἐνεκαίνισεν τὸ θυσιαστήριον κυρίου ὃ ἦν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ ναοῦ κυρίου
And when Asa heard these words and this prophecy of Azariah the prophet, he took courage and cast out the abominations from all the land of Judah and Benjamin and from the cities he had captured in the hill country of Ephraim, and he renewed the altar of the LORD that was before the temple of the LORD.
Hearing becomes action. The king extends purgation, reaches into northern acquisitions, and renews the altar at the cultic center.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκοῦσαιheardVA AAN · ἀκούωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τούτουςthisRD APM · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφητείανpropheteianN1A ASF · προφητείαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπροφητεία: meaning 'propheteian'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΑδαδAdadN GSM · Αδαδnew royal subject in the accession noticeΑδαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as new royal subject in the accession notice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέβαλενdrove outVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐκmain verb (the hornet expels the enemy)→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'drove out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the hornet expels the enemy).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
βδελύγματαabominationsN3M APN · βδέλυγμαdirect object of ἐποίησαν (fronted)→ object specificationβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as direct object of ἐποίησαν (fronted).
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcityN3I GPF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPF · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατέσχενkept / retainedVBI AAI3S · ἔχω + καταmain verb (deliberate, sustained retention of the garment as evidence)→ constative aorist with durative force (sustained possession — she kept it throughout the wait)ἔχω + κατα: meaning 'kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (deliberate, sustained retention of the garment as evidence).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὄρειhill countryN3E DSN · ὄροςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεκαίνισενdedicateVAI AAI3S · καινίζω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeκαινίζω + ἐν: meaning 'dedicate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὃwhichRR NSN · ὅςrelative pronoun (object of κατειργάσω)→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of κατειργάσω).
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναοῦtempleN2 GSM · ναόςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
9
καὶ ἐξεκκλησίασεν τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ Βενιαμιν καὶ τοὺς προσηλύτους τοὺς παροικοῦντας μετ' αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ Εφραιμ καὶ ἀπὸ Μανασση καὶ ἀπὸ Συμεων ὅτι προσετέθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν πολλοὶ τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐν τῷ ἰδεῖν αὐτοὺς ὅτι κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτοῦ μετ' αὐτοῦ
And he assembled Judah and Benjamin and the sojourners dwelling with them from Ephraim and from Manasseh and from Simeon, because many from Israel had joined him when they saw that the LORD his God was with him.
The southern gathering has a centripetal effect on northerners. The LORD’s presence with Asa creates demographic as well as spiritual realignment.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεκκλησίασενekklesiazoVAI AAI3S · ἐκκλησιάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἐκκλησιάζω: meaning 'ekklesiazo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBeniaminN ASM · Βενιαμίνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσηλύτουςresident alienN2 APM · προσήλυτοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπροσήλυτος: meaning 'resident alien'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παροικοῦνταςsojournV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + παραparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπαπμ οἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'sojourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΜανασσηManassehN GSM · Μανασσήplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΣυμεωνSimeonN GSM · Συμεωνplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσετέθησανwere gathered / addedVCI API3P · τίθημι + προςmain verb (death-euphemism; plural ad sensum)→ constative aorist (the generation's death)τίθημι + προς: meaning 'were gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (death-euphemism; plural ad sensum).
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
10
καὶ συνήχθησαν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ τρίτῳ ἐν τῷ πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας Ασα
And they gathered at Jerusalem in the third month, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Asa.
The narrative slows to mark the occasion liturgically and historically. This is a remembered public act, not an undefined mood of reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήχθησανwere gatheredVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'were gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῳthirdA1 DSM · τρίτοςordinal adjective (with εἰκοστῷ: 'twenty-third')→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as ordinal adjective (with εἰκοστῷ: 'twenty-third').
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντεκαιδεκάτῳfifteenthA1 DSN · πεντεκαιδέκατοattributive ordinal adjective (with ἔτει)πεντεκαιδέκατο: meaning 'fifteenth'; it serves as attributive ordinal adjective (with ἔτει).
ἔτειyearsN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative complement→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as dative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΑσαAsaN GSM · Ασαproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑσα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
11
καὶ ἔθυσεν τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἀπὸ τῶν σκύλων ὧν ἤνεγκαν μόσχους ἑπτακοσίους καὶ πρόβατα ἑπτακισχίλια
And on that day they sacrificed to the LORD from the spoil they had brought: seven hundred oxen and seven thousand sheep.
The goods of war become material for sacrifice. Triumph is returned to God rather than consumed merely as booty.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθυσενthey sacrificedVAI AAI3S · θύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveθύω: meaning 'they sacrificed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκύλωνspoils / plunderN2N GPN · σκῦλονgenitive (governed by πλήν: 'and the spoils')→ relational specificationσκῦλον: meaning 'spoils'; it serves as genitive (governed by πλήν: 'and the spoils').
ὧνwho / whichRR GPN · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtVAI AAI3P · φέρωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristφέρω: meaning 'they brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
μόσχουςcalfN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationμόσχος: meaning 'calf'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἑπτακοσίουςseven hundredA1 APM · ἑπτακόσιοιnumeral adjectiveἑπτακόσιοι: meaning 'seven hundred'; it serves as numeral adjective.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἑπτακισχίλιαseven thousandA1A APN · ἑπτακισχίλιοιadjectival modifierἑπτακισχίλιοι: meaning 'seven thousand'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
12
καὶ διῆλθεν ἐν διαθήκῃ ζητῆσαι κύριον θεὸν τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς
And they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD God of their fathers with all their heart and with all their soul.
The chapter’s central verb becomes covenantal. What was exhortation now takes oath-bound communal form.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διῆλθενpass throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
διαθήκῃcovenantN1 DSF · διαθήκηdative with ἐν / παρελθεῖν ('into the covenant')→ sphere or referenceδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as dative with ἐν / παρελθεῖν ('into the covenant').
ζητῆσαιto inquireVA AAN · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ infinitival complementζητέω: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὅληςwholeA1 GSF · ὅλοςattributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος)→ relational specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὅληςwholeA1 GSF · ὅλοςattributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος)→ relational specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςlife / soulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive governed by ἀντί→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive governed by ἀντί.
13
καὶ πᾶς ὃς ἐὰν μὴ ἐκζητήσῃ κύριον θεὸν Ισραηλ ἀποθανεῖται ἀπὸ νεωτέρου ἕως πρεσβυτέρου ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς ἕως γυναικός
And whoever would not seek the LORD God of Israel was to die, from young to old, from man to woman.
The reform is not sentimental. Exclusive allegiance to the LORD is treated as a matter of public life and death.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐκζητήσῃdestroyVA AAS3S · ζητέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clauseζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἀποθανεῖταιhe diedVF2 FMI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ future middleθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νεωτέρουyoungestA1A GSMC · νέοςgenitive of possession ('the youngest's sack')νέος: meaning 'youngest'; it serves as genitive of possession ('the youngest's sack').
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουeldestN2 GSM · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive governed by ἀπό (starting from the eldest)→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'eldest'; it serves as genitive governed by ἀπό (starting from the eldest).
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
γυναικόςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive (end-point of first merism)→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive (end-point of first merism).
14
καὶ ὤμοσαν ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ ἐν σάλπιγξιν καὶ ἐν κερατίναις
And they swore to the LORD with a loud voice and with trumpets and with horns.
Sound gives the covenant public weight. The oath is at once liturgical, communal, and politically visible.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤμοσανsworeVAI AAI3P · ὄμνυμιmain verb (the leaders swear the oath)→ constative aorist (the swearing of the oath)ὄμνυμι: meaning 'swore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the leaders swear the oath).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
μεγάλῃgreat / loudA1 DSF · μέγαςdative adjective ('loud' — modifying φωνῇ)→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative adjective ('loud' — modifying φωνῇ).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σάλπιγξινtrumpetN3G DPF · σάλπιγξdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κερατίναιςtrumpetsN1 DPF · κερατίνηdative of instrument (with σαλπιεῖτε)κερατίνη: meaning 'trumpets'; it serves as dative of instrument (with σαλπιεῖτε).
15
καὶ ηὐφράνθησαν πᾶς Ιουδα περὶ τοῦ ὅρκου ὅτι ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς ὤμοσαν καὶ ἐν πάσῃ θελήσει ἐζήτησαν αὐτόν καὶ εὑρέθη αὐτοῖς καὶ κατέπαυσεν αὐτοῖς κύριος κυκλόθεν
And all Judah rejoiced over the oath, because they had sworn with all their soul and sought him with their whole desire, and he was found by them, and the LORD gave them rest all around.
This is one of Chronicles’ happiest covenant scenes. Seeking and finding culminate not in grim endurance but in communal gladness and rest.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὐφράνθησανthey rejoicedVCI API3P · εὐφραίνωmain verb (emotional response)→ ingressive aorist (burst of joy)εὐφραίνω: meaning 'they rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (emotional response).
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ΙουδαJudahN NSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρκουoathN2 GSM · ὅρκοςgenitive of specification (the Well's defining characteristic)→ authority, delayed judgment, and hidden providenceὅρκος: meaning 'oath'; it serves as genitive of specification (the Well's defining characteristic).
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὅληςwholeA1 GSF · ὅλοςattributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος)→ relational specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying κρηπῖδος).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςlife / soulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive governed by ἀντί→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive governed by ἀντί.
ὤμοσανsworeVAI AAI3P · ὄμνυμιmain verb (the leaders swear the oath)→ constative aorist (the swearing of the oath)ὄμνυμι: meaning 'swore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the leaders swear the oath).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
θελήσειdesireN3I DSF · θελήσιςcommon noun within the clauseθελήσις: meaning 'desire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐζήτησανthey soughtVAI AAI3P · ζητέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeζητέω: meaning 'they sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρέθηfind / be foundVC API3S · εὑρίσκωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοῖςhe / him / hisRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέπαυσενgive restVAI AAI3S · παύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristπαύω + κατα: meaning 'give rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοῖςhe / him / hisRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
κυκλόθενround aboutD · κυκλόθενproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'round about'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
16
καὶ τὴν Μααχα τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ μετέστησεν τοῦ μὴ εἶναι τῇ Ἀστάρτῃ λειτουργοῦσαν καὶ κατέκοψεν τὸ εἴδωλον καὶ κατέκαυσεν ἐν χειμάρρῳ Κεδρων
And even Maacah his mother he removed from being priestess to Astarte, and he cut down her idol and burned it in the brook Kidron.
Asa’s zeal is tested against kinship and passes the test. The destruction of Maacah’s cult object shows that rank offers no shield to idolatry.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜααχαMaachaN ASF · Μααχαgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Maacha')Μααχα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Maacha').
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative object of πρός (parallel to πατέρα)→ object specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative object of πρός (parallel to πατέρα).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μετέστησενhe removed / deposedVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + μεταmain verb (act of deposition)→ constative aorist (decisive removal from office)ἵστημι + μετα: meaning 'he removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (act of deposition).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἶναιbeV9 PAN · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈστάρτῃAstarteN DSF · Ἀστάρτηproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceἈστάρτῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
λειτουργοῦσανministerV2 · παπασφ λειτουργέωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπασφ λειτουργέω: meaning 'minister'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέκοψενwent downVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseκόπτω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴδωλονidolN2N ASN · εἴδωλονdirect object of ποιήσειςεἴδωλον: meaning 'idol'; it serves as direct object of ποιήσεις.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέκαυσενhe burnedVAI AAI3S · καύω + καταmain verb (destruction by fire)→ constative aoristκαύω + κατα: meaning 'he burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (destruction by fire).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειμάρρῳwadi / ravineN2 DSM · χειμάροοςdative of place (locative: 'in the wadi')χειμάροος: meaning 'wadi'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the wadi').
ΚεδρωνKidronN GS · Κεδρωνgenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name: 'the wadi Kidron')→ participant identificationΚεδρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name: 'the wadi Kidron').
17
πλὴν τὰ ὑψηλὰ οὐκ ἀπέστησαν ἔτι ὑπῆρχεν ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ ἀλλ' ἢ καρδία Ασα ἐγένετο πλήρης πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας αὐτοῦ
But the high places were not removed; yet Asa’s heart was wholly given all his days.
Chronicles can hold complexity in one sentence. External incompleteness remains, yet the king’s fundamental orientation is still commended.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑψηλὰhighA1 NPN · ὑψηλόςattributive adjective (with τείχη)→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as attributive adjective (with τείχη).
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέστησανthey turned awayVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verb (negated: persistence in sin)→ constative aorist (continued non-repentance)ἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated: persistence in sin).
ἔτιstill / againD · ἔτιadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὑπῆρχενthere was / was availableV1I IAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποmain verb (existential: 'there was no longer')→ descriptive imperfect (the settled new state of affairs)ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'there was'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (existential: 'there was no longer').
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢonlyC · ἤparticle or connective within the genealogical notice→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'only'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑσαAsaN GSM · Ασαproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑσα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πλήρηςfullA3H NSM · πλήρηςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
18
καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν τὰ ἅγια Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ἅγια οἴκου κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον καὶ σκεύη
And he brought in the holy things of David his father and the holy things of the house of the LORD, silver and gold and vessels.
The reform is not only destructive. It also replenishes the sanctuary with consecrated wealth and vessels.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενphero + eisVAI AAI3S · φέρω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristφέρω + εἰς: meaning 'phero + eis'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἅγιαholyA1A APN · ἅγιοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἅγιαholyA1A APN · ἅγιοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'vessel'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
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καὶ πόλεμος οὐκ ἦν μετ' αὐτοῦ ἕως τοῦ πέμπτου καὶ τριακοστοῦ ἔτους τῆς βασιλείας Ασα
And there was no war against him until the thirty-fifth year of the reign of Asa.
Peace confirms the chapter’s covenant logic. Seeking the LORD has issued not only in joy and reform but in durable public quiet.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέμπτουfifthA1 GSM · πέμπτοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπέμπτος: meaning 'fifth'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριακοστοῦtriakostoyA1 GSN · τριακοστόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationτριακοστός: meaning 'triakostoy'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἔτουςyearN3E GSN · ἔτοςgenitive object of ἕως (temporal terminus)→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as genitive object of ἕως (temporal terminus).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΑσαAsaN GSM · Ασαproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑσα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.