1
καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀγδόῳ καὶ τριακοστῷ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας Ασα ἀνέβη Βαασα βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ ἐπὶ Ιουδαν καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν τὴν Ραμα τοῦ μὴ δοῦναι ἔξοδον καὶ εἴσοδον τῷ Ασα βασιλεῖ Ιουδα
In the thirty-eighth year of Asa's reign Baasha king of Israel came up against Judah and fortified Ramah so as to allow no one to go out or come in to Asa king of Judah.
The chapter opens with Baasha's strategic blockade, establishing the political threat that tempts Asa toward foreign reliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὀγδόῳeighthA1 DSM · ὄγδοοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestὄγδοος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τριακοστῷthirtiethA1 DSN · τριακοστόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestτριακοστός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἔτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλείαςkingdom / reignN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΑσαAsaN GSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἀνέβηgo upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβαίνω + ἀνα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΒαασαBaashaN NSM · Βαασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextBaasha: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextIsrael: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuildVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseοἰκοδομέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΡαμαRamahN ASF · Ραμαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextRamah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateμή: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδίδωμι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἔξοδονgoing outN2 ASF · ἔξοδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἔξοδος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
εἴσοδονcoming inN2 ASF · εἴσοδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementεἴσοδος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑσαAsaN DSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
2
καὶ ἔλαβεν Ασα χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον ἐκ θησαυρῶν οἴκου κυρίου καὶ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Αδερ βασιλέως Συρίας τὸν κατοικοῦντα ἐν Δαμασκῷ λέγων
Then Asa took gold and silver from the treasuries of the house of the LORD and of the king's house and sent them to the son of Ader king of Syria, who dwelt in Damascus, saying,
Asa responds by stripping temple and palace treasuries, a sign that his solution is diplomatic purchase rather than prayer.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχρυσίον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἀργύριον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
θησαυρῶνtreasuryN2 GPM · θησαυρόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionθησαυρός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionοἶκος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
κυρίουLORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionοἶκος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseπρός: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementυἱός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑδερAderN GSM · Αδερsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAder: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionSyria: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κατοικοῦνταdwellingV2 · παπασμ οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπαπασμ οἰκέω + κατα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΔαμασκῷDamascusN2 DSM · Δαμάσκοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestDamascus: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
3
διάθου διαθήκην ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ πατρός σου ἰδοὺ ἀπέσταλκά σοι χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον δεῦρο καὶ διασκέδασον ἀπ' ἐμοῦ τὸν Βαασα βασιλέα Ισραηλ καὶ ἀπελθέτω ἀπ' ἐμοῦ
'Let there be a covenant between me and you, and between my father and your father. See, I have sent you gold and silver; come, break off Baasha king of Israel from me, so that he may depart from me.'
The king's direct speech frames the alliance as inherited obligation and requests relief through Syrian intervention.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
διάθουmakeVE AMD2S · τίθημι + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτίθημι + δια: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδιαθήκη: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀνά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementμέσος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐμοῦI / meRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀνά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementμέσος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
μουI / meRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀνά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementμέσος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or discourse particle marking attention or emphasisἰδού: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἀπέσταλκάsendVX XAI1S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
σοιyouRP DS · σύdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχρυσίον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἀργύριον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δεῦροcomeD · δεῦροadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateδεῦρο: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
διασκέδασονbreak apartVA AAD2S · σκεδάζω + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseσκεδάζω + δια: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ἐμοῦI / meRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΒαασαBaashaN ASM · Βαασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextBaasha: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextIsrael: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀπελθέτωgo awayVB AAD3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἔρχομαι + ἀπο: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ἐμοῦI / meRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
4
καὶ ἤκουσεν υἱὸς Αδερ τοῦ βασιλέως Ασα καὶ ἀπέστειλεν τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπάταξεν τὴν Ιων καὶ τὴν Δαν καὶ τὴν Αβελμαιν καὶ πάσας τὰς περιχώρους Νεφθαλι
The son of Ader listened to King Asa and sent the commanders of his forces against the cities of Israel, and they struck Ijon and Dan and Abel-maim and all the surrounding districts of Naphtali.
Ben-hadad's compliance shifts pressure onto Israel's northern defenses and breaks Baasha's initiative.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀκούω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionυἱός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΑδερAderN GSM · Αδερsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAder: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΑσαAsaN GSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἄρχονταςruler / commanderN3 APM · ἄρχωνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἄρχων: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδύναμις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πόλειςcityN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextIsrael: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙωνIjonN ASF · Ιωνsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextIjon: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΔανDanN ASF · Δανsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextDan: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑβελμαινAbel-maimN ASF · Αβελμαινsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAbel-maim: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
πάσαςall / everyA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
περιχώρουςsurrounding districtA1B APF · περίχωροςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπερίχωρος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliN GS · Νεφθαλιsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextNaphtali: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
5
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἀκοῦσαι Βαασα ἀπέλιπεν τοῦ μηκέτι οἰκοδομεῖν τὴν Ραμα καὶ κατέπαυσεν τὸ ἔργον αὐτοῦ
And it happened, when Baasha heard, that he stopped building Ramah and ceased his work.
The report marks the immediate effectiveness of Asa's policy at the practical military level.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐγένετοbecome / happenVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἀκοῦσαιhearVA AAN · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀκούω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΒαασαBaashaN ASM · Βαασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextBaasha: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἀπέλιπενceaseVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλείπω + ἀπο: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
μηκέτιno longerD · μηκέτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateμηκέτι: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
οἰκοδομεῖνbuildV2 PAN · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseοἰκοδομέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΡαμαRamahN ASF · Ραμαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextRamah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
κατέπαυσενstopVAI AAI3S · παύω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπαύω + κατα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἔργονworkN2N ASN · ἔργονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἔργον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
6
καὶ Ασα ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔλαβεν πάντα τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ ἔλαβεν τοὺς λίθους τῆς Ραμα καὶ τὰ ξύλα αὐτῆς ἃ ᾠκοδόμησεν Βαασα καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν αὐτοῖς τὴν Γαβαε καὶ τὴν Μασφα
Then King Asa took all Judah, and they carried away the stones of Ramah and its timbers with which Baasha had been building, and with them he fortified Geba and Mizpah.
Judah turns the abandoned fortification into its own defensive gain, extending the political victory.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
πάνταall / everyA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
λίθουςstoneN2 APM · λίθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementλίθος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΡαμαRamahN GSF · Ραμαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextRamah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ξύλαtimber / woodN2N APN · ξύλονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementξύλον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτῆςhe / she / itRD GSF · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἃwhich / whoRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: relative form linking a subordinate clause to its antecedent.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuildVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseοἰκοδομέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΒαασαBaashaN NSM · Βαασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextBaasha: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuildVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseοἰκοδομέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῖςhe / she / itRD DPM · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΓαβαεGebaN ASF · Γαβαεsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextGeba: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΜασφαMizpahN ASF · Μασφαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextMizpah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
7
καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἦλθεν Ανανι ὁ προφήτης πρὸς Ασα βασιλέα Ιουδα καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ πεποιθέναι σε ἐπὶ βασιλέα Συρίας καὶ μὴ πεποιθέναι σε ἐπὶ κύριον θεόν σου διὰ τοῦτο ἐσώθη δύναμις Συρίας ἀπὸ τῆς χειρός σου
At that time Hanani the prophet came to Asa king of Judah and said to him, 'Because you relied on the king of Syria and did not rely on the LORD your God, therefore the force of Syria escaped from your hand.'
Hanani reinterprets Asa's apparent success as failure of trust and names the spiritual cost of the alliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestκαιρός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἐκεῖνος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἔρχομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑνανιHananiN NSM · Ανανιsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextHanani: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπροφήτης: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseπρός: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΑσαAsaN ASM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεἶπον: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτῷhe / she / itRD DSM · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πεποιθέναιtrust / relyVX XAN · πείθωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπείθω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
σεyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A ASF · Συρίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementSyria: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μὴnotD · μήadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateμή: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
πεποιθέναιtrust / relyVX XAN · πείθωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπείθω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
σεyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθεός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phraseδιά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐσώθηsave / deliverVCI API3S · σώζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseσώζω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
δύναμιςforce / powerN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδύναμις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionSyria: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionχείρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
8
οὐχ οἱ Αἰθίοπες καὶ Λίβυες ἦσαν εἰς δύναμιν πολλὴν εἰς θάρσος εἰς ἱππεῖς εἰς πλῆθος σφόδρα καὶ ἐν τῷ πεποιθέναι σε ἐπὶ κύριον παρέδωκεν εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου
'Were not the Ethiopians and Libyans a very great force in boldness, horsemen, and exceedingly many in number? Yet when you relied on the LORD, he delivered them into your hands.'
The prophet appeals to Asa's own history to show that reliance on the LORD had already proved sufficient against greater threats.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateοὐ: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑἰθίοπεςEthiopianN NPM · Αἰθίοψsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextEthiopian: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΛίβυεςLibyansN NPM · Λίβυεςsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextLibyans: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἦσανbeV9 IAI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδύναμις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πολλὴνmuch / manyA1 ASF · πολύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπολύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
θάρσοςboldnessN3E ASN · θάρσοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθάρσος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ἱππεῖςhorsemanN3V APM · ἱππεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἱππεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπλῆθος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateσφόδρα: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πεποιθέναιtrust / relyVX XAN · πείθωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπείθω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
σεyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
παρέδωκενδιδωμι + παραVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδίδωμι + παρα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χεῖράςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχείρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
9
ὅτι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου ἐπιβλέπουσιν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ κατισχῦσαι ἐν πάσῃ καρδίᾳ πλήρει πρὸς αὐτόν ἠγνόηκας ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν ἔσται μετὰ σοῦ πόλεμος
'For the eyes of the LORD look throughout all the earth to show strength on behalf of every heart that is fully toward him. In this you have acted foolishly; from now on you will have wars.'
The rebuke widens from one event to a theological axiom: the LORD searches for undivided hearts and strengthens them.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ὅτιthat / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsὅτι: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὀφθαλμός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
κυρίουLORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐπιβλέπουσινlook uponV1 PAI3P · βλέπω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβλέπω + ἐπι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάσῃall / everyA1S DSF · πᾶςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
γῇearth / landN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestγῆ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
κατισχῦσαιshow strength / prevailVA AAN · ἰσχύω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάσῃall / everyA1S DSF · πᾶςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestκαρδία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πλήρειfullN3H DSF · πλήρηςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπλήρης: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseπρός: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἠγνόηκαςact foolishly / ignoreVX XAI2S · ἀγνοέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀγνοέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τούτῳthisRD DSM · οὗτοςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateνῦν: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseσύ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπόλεμος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
10
καὶ ἐθυμώθη Ασα τῷ προφήτῃ καὶ παρέθετο αὐτὸν εἰς φυλακήν ὅτι ὠργίσθη ἐπὶ τούτῳ καὶ ἐλυμήνατο Ασα ἐν τῷ λαῷ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ
Then Asa was enraged with the prophet and put him in prison, because he was angry with him over this. And Asa oppressed some of the people at that time.
His anger against the prophet spills into coercion, showing that distrust of God hardens into oppression.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐθυμώθηbe enragedVCI API3S · θυμόωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseθυμόω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
προφήτῃprophetN1M DSM · προφήτηςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπροφήτης: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
παρέθετοput / commitVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτίθημι + παρα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
φυλακήνprisonN1 ASF · φυλακήaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementφυλακή: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ὅτιthat / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsὅτι: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ὠργίσθηbe angryVSI API3S · ὀργίζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseὀργίζω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τούτῳthisRD DSM · οὗτοςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐλυμήνατοmistreat / oppressVAI AMI3S · λυμαίνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλυμαίνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestλαός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestκαιρός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἐκεῖνος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
11
καὶ ἰδοὺ οἱ λόγοι Ασα οἱ πρῶτοι καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι γεγραμμένοι ἐν βιβλίῳ βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ Ισραηλ
And behold, the acts of Asa, the first and the last, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
The narrator closes the episode with a standard archival formula that locates Asa's full record elsewhere.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or discourse particle marking attention or emphasisἰδού: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
λόγοιword / matterN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλόγος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 NPMS · πρῶτοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπρῶτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἔσχατοιlastA1 NPM · ἔσχατοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔσχατος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
γεγραμμένοιχμπνπμ γραφωVP · χμπνπμ γράφωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseχμπνπμ γράφω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
βιβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestβιβλίον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
βασιλέωνkingN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextIsrael: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
12
καὶ ἐμαλακίσθη Ασα ἐν τῷ ἐνάτῳ καὶ τριακοστῷ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας ἕως σφόδρα ἐμαλακίσθη καὶ ἐν τῇ μαλακίᾳ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐζήτησεν κύριον ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἰατρούς
In the thirty-ninth year of his reign Asa became diseased in his feet, until his disease grew very severe. Yet in his disease he did not seek the LORD, but the physicians.
Even bodily affliction does not bring Asa back to the LORD, so the chapter's critique extends to his final years.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐμαλακίσθηbe diseasedVCI API3S · μαλακίζομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseμαλακίζομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐνάτῳninthA1 DSN · ἔνατοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἔνατος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τριακοστῷthirtiethA1 DSN · τριακοστόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestτριακοστός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἔτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλείαςkingdom / reignN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πόδαςfootN3D APM · πούςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπούς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phraseἕως: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateσφόδρα: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
ἐμαλακίσθηbe diseasedVCI API3S · μαλακίζομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseμαλακίζομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
μαλακίᾳdiseaseN1A DSF · μαλακίαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestμαλακία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateοὐ: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
ἐζήτησενseekVAI AAI3S · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseζητέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsἀλλά: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἰατρούςphysicianN2 APM · ἰατρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἰατρός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
13
καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ασα μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐτελεύτησεν ἐν τῷ ἐνάτῳ καὶ τριακοστῷ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ
And Asa slept with his fathers and died in the thirty-ninth year of his reign.
The death notice resolves the reign while preserving the shadow cast by the preceding rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐκοιμήθηsleepVCI API3S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseκοιμάω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐτελεύτησενdieVAI AAI3S · τελευτάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτελευτάω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐνάτῳninthA1 DSN · ἔνατοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἔνατος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τριακοστῷthirtiethA1 DSN · τριακοστόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestτριακοστός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἔτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλείαςkingdom / reignN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
14
καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ μνήματι ᾧ ὤρυξεν ἑαυτῷ ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ καὶ ἐκοίμισαν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς κλίνης καὶ ἔπλησαν ἀρωμάτων καὶ γένη μύρων μυρεψῶν καὶ ἐποίησαν αὐτῷ ἐκφορὰν μεγάλην ἕως σφόδρα
They buried him in the tomb that he had hewn out for himself in the city of David. They laid him upon the bier, filled it with spices and kinds of perfumed ointments, and made for him a very great funeral burning.
The lavish funeral honors Asa's royal status, even as the narrative leaves his spiritual decline freshly in view.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔθαψανburyVAI AAI3P · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseθάπτω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
μνήματιtombN3M DSN · μνῆμαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestμνῆμα: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ᾧwhich / whoRR DSN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: relative form linking a subordinate clause to its antecedent.
ὤρυξενhew outVAI AAI3S · ὀρύσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseὀρύσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἑαυτῷhimselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἑαυτοῦ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐκοίμισανlayVAI AAI3P · κοιμίζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseκοιμίζω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κλίνηςbier / bedN1 GSF · κλίνηgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionκλίνη: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔπλησανfillVAI AAI3P · πίμπλημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπίμπλημι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἀρωμάτωνspiceN3M GPN · ἄρωμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἄρωμα: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
γένηkindN3E APN · γένοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementγένος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
μύρωνointmentN2N GPN · μύρονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionμύρον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
μυρεψῶνperfumerN2 GPM · μυρεψόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionμυρεψός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐποίησανdo / makeVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseποιέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτῷhe / she / itRD DSM · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐκφορὰνfuneral burningN1A ASF · ἐκφοράaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἐκφορά: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementμέγας: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phraseἕως: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateσφόδρα: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.