1
καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ καὶ κατίσχυσεν Ιωσαφατ ἐπὶ τὸν Ισραηλ
Jehoshaphat his son became king in his place and strengthened himself against Israel.
Jehoshaphat's accession is framed as immediate strengthening against the northern kingdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐβασίλευσενreign / become kingVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN NSM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionυἱός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἀντ'instead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀντί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
κατίσχυσενshow strength / prevailVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN NSM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextIsrael: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
2
καὶ ἔδωκεν δύναμιν ἐν πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν Ιουδα ταῖς ὀχυραῖς καὶ κατέστησεν ἡγουμένους ἐν πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν Ιουδα καὶ ἐν πόλεσιν Εφραιμ ἃς προκατελάβετο Ασα ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ
He put forces in all the fortified cities of Judah and appointed leaders in all the cities of Judah and in the cities of Ephraim that Asa his father had captured.
Military placements and appointed officials show a reign that stabilizes territory and oversight.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδίδωμι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδύναμις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάσαιςall / everyA1S DPF · πᾶςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὀχυραῖςfortifiedA1A DPF · ὀχυρόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestὀχυρός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
κατέστησενappoint / setVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἵστημι + κατα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἡγουμένουςleadersV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάσαιςall / everyA1S DPF · πᾶςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextEphraim: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἃςwhich / whoRR APF · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: relative form linking a subordinate clause to its antecedent.
προκατελάβετοcapture previouslyVBI AMI3S · λαμβάνω + προ + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω + προ + κατα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑσαAsaN NSM · Ασαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsa: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπατήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
3
καὶ ἐγένετο κύριος μετὰ Ιωσαφατ ὅτι ἐπορεύθη ἐν ὁδοῖς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ταῖς πρώταις καὶ οὐκ ἐξεζήτησεν τὰ εἴδωλα
And the LORD was with Jehoshaphat, because he walked in the former ways of his father and did not seek the idols,
The narrator explicitly grounds Jehoshaphat's success in fidelity to the earlier ways of his father.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐγένετοbecome / happenVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN GSM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὅτιthat / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsὅτι: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπορεύθηgo / proceedVCI API3S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπορεύομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestὁδός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πρώταιςfirstA1 DPFS · πρῶτοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπρῶτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateοὐ: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
ἐξεζήτησενseekVAI AAI3S · ζητέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseζητέω + ἐκ: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
εἴδωλαidolN2N APN · εἴδωλονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementεἴδωλον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
4
ἀλλὰ κύριον τὸν θεὸν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐξεζήτησεν καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπορεύθη καὶ οὐχ ὡς τοῦ Ισραηλ τὰ ἔργα
but sought the LORD God of his father and walked in his father's commandments, and not according to the works of Israel.
His piety is defined both positively by seeking the LORD and negatively by not imitating Israel's practices.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsἀλλά: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθεός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐξεζήτησενseekVAI AAI3S · ζητέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseζητέω + ἐκ: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐντολαῖςcommandmentN1 DPF · ἐντολήdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἐντολή: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐπορεύθηgo / proceedVCI API3S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπορεύομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateοὐ: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
ὡςas / likeC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsὡς: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextIsrael: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἔργον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
5
καὶ κατηύθυνεν κύριος τὴν βασιλείαν ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔδωκεν πᾶς Ιουδα δῶρα τῷ Ιωσαφατ καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτῷ πλοῦτος καὶ δόξα πολλή
So the LORD established the kingdom in his hand, and all Judah gave gifts to Jehoshaphat, and he had much wealth and glory.
Covenantal obedience is narrated as the cause of political stability, tribute, and renown.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
κατηύθυνενestablish / directVAI AAI3S · εὐθύνω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεὐθύνω + κατα: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλείανkingdom / reignN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβασιλεία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestχείρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδίδωμι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
πᾶςall / everyA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN NSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδῶρον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN DSM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐγένετοbecome / happenVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτῷhe / she / itRD DSM · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπλοῦτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδόξα: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πολλήmuch / manyA1 NSF · πολύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπολύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
6
καὶ ὑψώθη καρδία αὐτοῦ ἐν ὁδῷ κυρίου καὶ ἔτι ἐξῆρεν τὰ ὑψηλὰ καὶ τὰ ἄλση ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς Ιουδα
His heart was lifted up in the way of the LORD, and he even removed the high places and the groves from the land of Judah.
His heart's elevation in the LORD issues in further removal of illicit worship sites.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ὑψώθηbe lifted upVCI API3S · ὑψόωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseὑψόω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκαρδία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestὁδός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
κυρίουLORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateἔτι: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
ἐξῆρενremoveVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseαἴρω + ἐκ: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὑψηλὰhigh placeA1 APN · ὑψηλόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὑψηλός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἄλσηgroveN3E APN · ἄλσοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἄλσος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
γῆςearth / landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionγῆ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
7
καὶ ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἀπέστειλεν τοὺς ἡγουμένους αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν δυνατῶν τὸν Αβδιαν καὶ Ζαχαριαν καὶ Ναθαναηλ καὶ Μιχαιαν διδάσκειν ἐν πόλεσιν Ιουδα
In the third year of his reign he sent his leaders, even the sons of the mighty men, Obadiah, Zechariah, Nethanel, and Micaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah,
The chapter pivots from reform by destruction to reform by instruction through appointed nobles.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
τρίτῳthirdA1 DSN · τρίτοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestτρίτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestἔτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλείαςkingdom / reignN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἡγουμένουςleadersV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
υἱοὺςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementυἱός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
δυνατῶνmightyA1 GPM · δυνατόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδυνατός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑβδιανObadiahN1 ASM · Αβδιαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementObadiah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΖαχαριανZechariahN1T ASM · Ζαχαριαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementZechariah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΝαθαναηλNethanelN ASM · Ναθαναηλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextNethanel: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΜιχαιανMicaiahN1T ASM · Μιχαιαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementMicaiah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
διδάσκεινteachV1 PAN · διδάσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδιδάσκω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
8
καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν οἱ Λευῖται Σαμουιας καὶ Ναθανιας καὶ Ζαβδιας καὶ Ασιηλ καὶ Σεμιραμωθ καὶ Ιωναθαν καὶ Αδωνιας καὶ Τωβιας οἱ Λευῖται καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν Ελισαμα καὶ Ιωραμ οἱ ἱερεῖς
and with them the Levites, Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jonathan, Adonijah, and Tobijah, the Levites, and with them Elishama and Jehoram the priests.
The named teachers underline that covenant instruction is ordered and institutional, not ad hoc.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτῶνhe / she / itRD GPM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionLevite: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ΣαμουιαςShemaiahN1T NSM · Σαμουιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionShemaiah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΝαθανιαςNethaniahN1T NSM · Ναθανιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionNethaniah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΖαβδιαςZebadiahN1T NSM · Ζαβδιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionZebadiah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΑσιηλAsahelN NSM · Ασιηλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextAsahel: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΣεμιραμωθShemiramothN NSM · Σεμιραμωθsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextShemiramoth: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΙωναθανJonathanN NSM · Ιωναθανsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJonathan: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΑδωνιαςAdonijahN1T NSM · Αδωνιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionAdonijah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΤωβιαςTobijahN1T NSM · Τωβιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionTobijah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionLevite: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτῶνhe / she / itRD GPM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ΕλισαμαElishamaN NSM · Ελισαμαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextElishama: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΙωραμJehoramN NSM · Ιωραμsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoram: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἱερεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
9
καὶ ἐδίδασκον ἐν Ιουδα καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν βύβλος νόμου κυρίου καὶ διῆλθον ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν Ιουδα καὶ ἐδίδασκον τὸν λαόν
They taught in Judah, having with them the book of the law of the LORD, and they went throughout the cities of Judah and taught the people.
The law-book accompanies the mission so that royal reform becomes pedagogical formation of the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐδίδασκονteachV1I IAI3P · διδάσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδιδάσκω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΙουδαJudahN DSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτῶνhe / she / itRD GPM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
βύβλοςbookN2 NSM · βίβλοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβίβλος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionνόμος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
κυρίουLORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
διῆλθονgo throughVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἔρχομαι + δια: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐδίδασκονteachV1I IAI3P · διδάσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδιδάσκω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementλαός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
10
καὶ ἐγένετο ἔκστασις κυρίου ἐπὶ πάσαις ταῖς βασιλείαις τῆς γῆς ταῖς κύκλῳ Ιουδα καὶ οὐκ ἐπολέμουν πρὸς Ιωσαφατ
And the terror of the LORD came upon all the kingdoms of the lands around Judah, and they did not make war against Jehoshaphat.
The LORD's fear falls outwardly on the nations, producing peace without battle.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐγένετοbecome / happenVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἔκστασιςterror / dreadN3I NSF · ἔκστασιςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔκστασις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
κυρίουLORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐπὶupon / againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάσαιςall / everyA1S DPF · πᾶςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλείαιςkingdom / reignN1A DPF · βασιλείαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestβασιλεία: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
γῆςearth / landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionγῆ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κύκλῳsurrounding regionN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestκύκλος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicateοὐ: adverbial form shaping the timing, manner, degree, or discourse force of the clause.
ἐπολέμουνmake war / fightV2I IAI3P · πολεμέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπολεμέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseπρός: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN ASM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
11
καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων ἔφερον τῷ Ιωσαφατ δῶρα καὶ ἀργύριον καὶ δόματα καὶ οἱ Ἄραβες ἔφερον αὐτῷ κριοὺς προβάτων ἑπτακισχιλίους ἑπτακοσίους
Some of the foreigners brought Jehoshaphat gifts and silver and tribute, and the Arabs brought him seven thousand seven hundred rams.
Foreigners and Arabs acknowledge Jehoshaphat's stature through gifts and flocks.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἀλλοφύλωνforeignerN1 GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἀλλόφυλος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἔφερονbringV1I IAI3P · φέρωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφέρω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN DSM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδῶρον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἀργύριον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
δόματαtributeN3M APN · δόμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδόμα: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἌραβεςArabN NPM · Ἄραψsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextArab: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἔφερονbringV1I IAI3P · φέρωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφέρω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτῷhe / she / itRD DSM · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
κριοὺςramN2 APM · κριόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκριός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
προβάτωνsheepN2N GPN · πρόβατονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπρόβατον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἑπτακισχιλίουςseven thousandA1A APM · ἑπτακισχίλιοιaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἑπτακισχίλιοι: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἑπτακοσίουςseven hundredA1 APM · ἑπτακόσιοιaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἑπτακόσιοι: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
12
καὶ ἦν Ιωσαφατ πορευόμενος μείζων ἕως εἰς ὕψος καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν οἰκήσεις ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ καὶ πόλεις ὀχυράς
Jehoshaphat kept growing greater and greater, and he built strongholds in Judah and fortified cities.
The narrator resumes the king's rise and links it to construction of secure infrastructure.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN NSM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
πορευόμενοςgoingV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπμπνσμ πορεύομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
μείζωνgreatA3C NSM · μέγαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμέγας: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phraseἕως: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ὕψοςυψοςN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὕψος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuildVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseοἰκοδομέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
οἰκήσειςstorage city / dwellingN3I NPF · οἴκησιςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionοἴκησις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestJudea: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
πόλειςcityN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ὀχυράςfortifiedA1A APF · ὀχυρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὀχυρός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
13
καὶ ἔργα πολλὰ ἐγένετο αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ καὶ ἄνδρες πολεμισταὶ δυνατοὶ ἰσχύοντες ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
He had many works in Judah, and mighty warriors of valor were in Jerusalem.
Administrative works and military strength are gathered into a compact report before the roster.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἔργον: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πολλὰmuch / manyA1 APN · πολύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπολύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐγένετοbecome / happenVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτῷhe / she / itRD DSM · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestJudea: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἀνήρ: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πολεμισταὶwarriorN1M NPM · πολεμιστήςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπολεμιστής: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δυνατοὶmightyA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδυνατός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἰσχύοντεςπαπνπμ ισχυωV1 · παπνπμ ἰσχύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπαπνπμ ἰσχύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJerusalem: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
14
καὶ οὗτος ἀριθμὸς αὐτῶν κατ' οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν τῷ Ιουδα χιλίαρχοι Εδνας ὁ ἄρχων καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ υἱοὶ δυνατοὶ δυνάμεως τριακόσιαι χιλιάδες
And this was their number according to their fathers' houses: for Judah, the commanders of thousands: Ednas the commander, and with him three hundred thousand mighty men of valor;
The roster begins with the Judean contingent under Ednas to quantify the king's readiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἀριθμός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτῶνhe / she / itRD GPM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
κατ'according to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phraseκατά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
οἴκουςhouseN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοἶκος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πατριῶνfamilyN1A GPF · πατριάgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατριά: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
αὐτῶνhe / she / itRD GPM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN DSM · Ἰουδάsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJudah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
χιλίαρχοιcommander of thousandsN2 NPM · χιλίαρχοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχιλίαρχος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΕδναςEdnasN NSM · Εδναςsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextEdnas: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἄρχωνruler / commanderN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἄρχων: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionυἱός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δυνατοὶmightyA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδυνατός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδύναμις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τριακόσιαιthree hundredA1A NPF · τριακόσιοιnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionτριακόσιοι: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
χιλιάδεςχιλιαςN3D NPF · χιλίαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχιλίας: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
15
καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν Ιωαναν ὁ ἡγούμενος καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ διακόσιαι ὀγδοήκοντα χιλιάδες
and next to him Jehohanan the commander, and with him two hundred eighty thousand;
The list proceeds methodically, reinforcing orderly military structure.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ΙωανανJehohananN NSM · Ιωανανsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehohanan: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἡγούμενοςπμπνσμ ηγεομαιV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπμπνσμ ἡγέομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
διακόσιαιtwo hundredA1A NPF · διακόσιοιnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδιακόσιοι: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyM · ὀγδοήκονταsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextὀγδοήκοντα: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
χιλιάδεςχιλιαςN3D NPF · χιλίαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχιλίας: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
16
καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν Αμασιας ὁ τοῦ Ζαχρι ὁ προθυμούμενος τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ διακόσιαι χιλιάδες δυνατοὶ δυνάμεως
and next to him Amasiah son of Zichri, the one who willingly offered himself to the LORD, and with him two hundred thousand mighty men of valor;
Amasiah receives special notice for willing devotion to the LORD, giving the roster a theological accent.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ΑμασιαςAmasiahN1T ASM · Αμασιαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementAmasiah: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΖαχριZichriN GSM · Ζαχριsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextZichri: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
προθυμούμενοςπμπνσμ θυμοω + προV4 · πμπνσμ θυμόω + προfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπμπνσμ θυμόω + προ: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestκύριος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
διακόσιαιtwo hundredA1A NPF · διακόσιοιnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδιακόσιοι: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
χιλιάδεςχιλιαςN3D NPF · χιλίαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχιλίας: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δυνατοὶmightyA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδυνατός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδύναμις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
17
καὶ ἐκ τοῦ Βενιαμιν δυνατὸς δυνάμεως Ελιαδα καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ τοξόται καὶ πελτασταὶ διακόσιαι χιλιάδες
and from Benjamin, Eliada, a mighty man of valor, and with him two hundred thousand archers and shield-bearers;
The narrative expands from Judah to Benjamin, emphasizing kingdom-wide strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextBenjamin: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
δυνατὸςmightyA1 NSM · δυνατόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδυνατός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδύναμις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ΕλιαδαEliadaN NSM · Ελιαδαsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextEliada: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
τοξόταιarcherN1 NPM · τοξότηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionτοξότης: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
πελτασταὶshield-bearerN1M NPM · πελταστήςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπελταστής: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
διακόσιαιtwo hundredA1A NPF · διακόσιοιnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδιακόσιοι: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
χιλιάδεςχιλιαςN3D NPF · χιλίαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχιλίας: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
18
καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν Ιωζαβαδ καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα χιλιάδες δυνατοὶ πολέμου
and next to him Jehozabad, and with him one hundred eighty thousand prepared for war.
The last numbered division completes the picture of a fully prepared army.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ΙωζαβαδJehozabadN NSM · Ιωζαβαδsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextJehozabad: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, identity, or emphasis within the clause.
ἑκατὸνone hundredM · ἑκατόνsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextἑκατόν: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyM · ὀγδοήκονταsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextὀγδοήκοντα: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
χιλιάδεςχιλιαςN3D NPF · χιλίαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχιλίας: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
δυνατοὶmightyA1 NPM · δυνατόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδυνατός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπόλεμος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
19
οὗτοι οἱ λειτουργοῦντες τῷ βασιλεῖ ἐκτὸς ὧν ἔδωκεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ταῖς ὀχυραῖς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ
These were the ones serving the king, besides those whom the king had placed in the fortified cities throughout all Judah.
A final note distinguishes these field forces from garrisons already stationed in fortified cities.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὗτοιthisRD NPM · οὗτοςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
λειτουργοῦντεςπαπνπμ λειτουργεωV2 · παπνπμ λειτουργέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπαπνπμ λειτουργέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐκτὸςbesidesP · ἐκτόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκτός: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ὧνwhich / whoRR GPM · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: relative form linking a subordinate clause to its antecedent.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδίδωμι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβασιλεύς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπόλις: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὀχυραῖςfortifiedA1A DPF · ὀχυρόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestὀχυρός: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάσῃall / everyA1S DSF · πᾶςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestπᾶς: lexical item used here in its local narrative, judicial, royal, or cultic sense.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interestJudea: proper name or place-name preserved in transliterated Greek form.