1
ὢν πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι ἐτῶν ἐβασίλευσεν Αμασιας καὶ εἴκοσι ἐννέα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ Ιωαδεν ἀπὸ Ιερουσαλημ
Amaziah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Jehoaddan from Jerusalem.
The conventional opening sets up a king whose story will turn on whether this apparently stable beginning can mature into wholehearted fidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐννέαnineM · ἐννέαproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastἐννέα: meaning 'nine'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formula→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as head noun in a naming formula.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὶmotherN3 DSF · μήτηρcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΙωαδενΙωαδενN NSF · Ιωαδενproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωαδεν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
2
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον κυρίου ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν καρδίᾳ πλήρει
And he did what was right before the Lord, but not with a full heart.
This half-heartedness is the thesis of the chapter. Everything that follows will expose the instability of partial obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθὲςuprightA3H ASN · εὐθήςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationεὐθής: meaning 'upright'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
πλήρειfullA3H DSF · πλήρηςadjectival modifierπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
3
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς κατέστη ἡ βασιλεία ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐθανάτωσεν τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ τοὺς φονεύσαντας τὸν βασιλέα πατέρα αὐτοῦ
And it came to pass, when the kingdom was established in his hand, that he killed his servants who had killed the king his father.
Unlike Jehoram, he does not begin with indiscriminate bloodshed. The act is judicial, not dynastic panic.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κατέστηappoint / setVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
βασιλείαkingdomN1A NSF · βασιλείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθανάτωσενθανατόωVAI AAI3S · θανατόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic eventθανατόω: meaning 'θανατόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φονεύσανταςααπαπμ φονεύωVA · ααπαπμ φονεύωfinite verb advancing the clauseααπαπμ φονεύω: meaning 'ααπαπμ φονεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ The chapter binds honoring father and mother to blessing and atonement, then broadens that ethic into humility before the Lord, contentment with revealed duties, and a wise, merciful heart that refuses proud self-destruction.πατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
4
καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀπέκτεινεν κατὰ τὴν διαθήκην τοῦ νόμου κυρίου καθὼς γέγραπται ὡς ἐνετείλατο κύριος λέγων οὐκ ἀποθανοῦνται πατέρες ὑπὲρ τέκνων καὶ υἱοὶ οὐκ ἀποθανοῦνται ὑπὲρ πατέρων ἀλλ' ἢ ἕκαστος τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀποθανοῦνται
But he did not kill their sons, according to the covenant of the law of the Lord, as it is written, as the Lord commanded, saying, 'Fathers shall not die for children, and sons shall not die for fathers, but each shall die for his own sin.'
This is one of Amaziah's best moments. He refuses collective vengeance because the law of the LORD sets limits on royal wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέκτεινενkillVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
κατὰaccording to/againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γέγραπταιwrite downVP XPI3S · γράφωfinite verb advancing the clause→ repentance, intercession, and restorationγράφω: meaning 'write down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐνετείλατοτέλλωVAI AMI3S · τέλλω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristτέλλω + ἐν: meaning 'τέλλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποθανοῦνταιhe diedVF2 FMI3P · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τέκνωνchildrenN2N GPN · τέκνονcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποθανοῦνταιhe diedVF2 FMI3P · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ἁμαρτίᾳsinN1A DSF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀποθανοῦνταιhe diedVF2 FMI3P · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
5
καὶ συνήγαγεν Αμασιας τὸν οἶκον Ιουδα καὶ ἀνέστησεν αὐτοὺς κατ' οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν εἰς χιλιάρχους καὶ ἑκατοντάρχους ἐν παντὶ Ιουδα καὶ Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἠρίθμησεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω καὶ εὗρεν αὐτοὺς τριακοσίας χιλιάδας δυνατοὺς ἐξελθεῖν εἰς πόλεμον κρατοῦντας δόρυ καὶ θυρεόν
And Amaziah gathered the house of Judah and set them by fathers' houses under chiliarchs and centurions throughout all Judah and Jerusalem; and he numbered them from twenty years old and upward and found them to be three hundred thousand mighty men fit to go out to war, handling spear and shield.
The military census is presented as orderly preparedness, not self-exalting curiosity. The chapter has not yet turned from prudent rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήγαγενgatheredVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστησενraise upVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralN1A GPF · πατριάgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατριά: meaning 'of fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χιλιάρχουςcommanders of thousandsN2 APM · χιλίαρχοςcommon noun within the clauseχιλίαρχος: meaning 'commanders of thousands'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑκατοντάρχουςcommanders of hundredsN2 APM · ἑκατόνταρχοςcommon noun within the clauseἑκατόνταρχος: meaning 'commanders of hundreds'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρίθμησενnumber / countVAI AAI3S · ἀριθμέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀριθμέω: meaning 'number'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldA3H GSM · εἰκοσαετήςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: meaning 'twenty years old'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωand upwardD · ἐπάνωadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἐπάνω: meaning 'and upward'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τριακοσίαςthree hundredA1A APF · τριακόσιοιcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationτριακόσιοι: meaning 'three hundred'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δυνατοὺςmighty menA1 APM · δυνατόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐξελθεῖνwent outVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐκinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
κρατοῦνταςπαπαπμ κρατέωV2 · παπαπμ κρατέωfinite verb advancing the clauseπαπαπμ κρατέω: meaning 'παπαπμ κρατέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δόρυspearN3 ASN · δόρυcommon noun within the clause→ leviathan, terror, and creaturely limitsδόρυ: meaning 'spear'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυρεόνthyreoysN2 ASM · θυρεόςcommon noun within the clauseθυρεός: meaning 'thyreoys'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
6
καὶ ἐμισθώσατο ἀπὸ Ισραηλ ἑκατὸν χιλιάδας δυνατοὺς ἰσχύι ἑκατὸν ταλάντων ἀργυρίου
And he hired from Israel one hundred thousand mighty warriors for one hundred talents of silver.
The decision introduces the chapter's first major test: whether the king will trust bought force more than the LORD's favor.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμισθώσατοhireVAI AMI3S · μισθόωfinite verb advancing the clauseμισθόω: meaning 'hire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δυνατοὺςmighty menA1 APM · δυνατόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationδυνατός: meaning 'mighty men'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ταλάντωνταλάντονN2 GPN · ταλάντονcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationταλάντον: meaning 'ταλάντον'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
7
καὶ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγων βασιλεῦ οὐ πορεύσεται μετὰ σοῦ δύναμις Ισραηλ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κύριος μετὰ Ισραηλ πάντων τῶν υἱῶν Εφραιμ
And a man of God came to him, saying, 'O king, let not the force of Israel go with you, for the Lord is not with Israel, with all the sons of Ephraim.'
The issue is theological rather than tactical. Presence, not manpower, determines whether the campaign can be blessed.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςcommon noun within the clause→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
πορεύσεταιgoVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
σοῦyour / of youRP GS · σύphrase element within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as phrase element within the clause.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'host'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
8
ὅτι ἐὰν ὑπολάβῃς κατισχῦσαι ἐν τούτοις καὶ τροπώσεταί σε κύριος ἐναντίον τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὅτι ἔστιν παρὰ κυρίου καὶ ἰσχῦσαι καὶ τροπώσασθαι
For if you think to strengthen yourself by these, the Lord will make you stumble before your enemies, because from the Lord comes both the power to strengthen and to cause stumbling.'
The warning is memorable because it names both outcomes as belonging to the LORD: he is able to support and able to overturn.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ὑπολάβῃςλαμβάνωVB AAS2S · λαμβάνω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the clauseλαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κατισχῦσαιto overpowerVA AAN · ἰσχύω + καταinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'to overpower'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronoun→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τροπώσεταίput to flight / subdueVF FMI3S · τροπόωfinite verb advancing the clauseτροπόω: meaning 'put to flight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemyA1A GPM · ἐχθρόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχῦσαιbe strongVA AAN · ἰσχύωinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τροπώσασθαιput to flight / subdueVA AMN · τροπόωfinite verb advancing the clauseτροπόω: meaning 'put to flight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
9
καὶ εἶπεν Αμασιας τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τί ποιήσω τὰ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα ἃ ἔδωκα τῇ δυνάμει Ισραηλ καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ ἔστιν τῷ κυρίῳ δοῦναί σοι πλεῖστα τούτων
And Amaziah said to the man of God, 'But what shall I do about the hundred talents that I have given to the force of Israel?' And the man of God said, 'The Lord is able to give you far more than these.'
The question is practical and revealing. Obedience often feels expensive exactly where faith is being tested.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative complement→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τάλανταtalentN2N APN · τάλαντονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationτάλαντον: meaning 'talent'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειmightN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'might'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
δοῦναίgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πλεῖσταmuchA1 APNS · πολύςcommon noun within the clauseπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
10
καὶ διεχώρισεν Αμασιας τῇ δυνάμει τῇ ἐλθούσῃ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ Εφραιμ ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτῶν καὶ ἐθυμώθησαν σφόδρα ἐπὶ Ιουδαν καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτῶν ἐν ὀργῇ θυμοῦ
And Amaziah separated the force that had come to him from Ephraim, to go away to their own place; and they were exceedingly angry with Judah and returned to their place in fierce wrath.
The obedient choice has immediate political cost. Chronicles does not romanticize trust as painless.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεχώρισενχωρίζωVAI AAI3S · χωρίζω + διαfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristχωρίζω + δια: meaning 'χωρίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειmightN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'might'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθούσῃααπδσφ ἔρχομαιVB · ααπδσφ ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseααπδσφ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'ααπδσφ ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀπελθεῖνἔρχομαιVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἀποinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυμώθησανwas angeredVCI API3P · θυμόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθυμόω: meaning 'was angered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψανturned backVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
θυμοῦθυμόςN2 GSM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
11
καὶ Αμασιας κατίσχυσεν καὶ παρέλαβεν τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπορεύθη εἰς τὴν κοιλάδα τῶν ἁλῶν καὶ ἐπάταξεν ἐκεῖ τοὺς υἱοὺς Σηιρ δέκα χιλιάδας
And Amaziah strengthened himself and took his people and went to the Valley of Salt, and there he struck ten thousand sons of Seir.
The victory vindicates the earlier warning: the army succeeds without the hired support it feared losing.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέλαβενλαμβάνωVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + παραfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + παρα: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηgoVCI API3S · πορεύομαιmovement predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as movement predicate.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλάδαvalleyN3D ASF · κοιλάςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκοιλάς: meaning 'valley'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁλῶνsaltN3 GPM · ἅλςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἅλς: meaning 'salt'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΣηιρSeirN GSM · Σηιρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΣηιρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
12
καὶ δέκα χιλιάδας ἐζώγρησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα καὶ ἔφερον αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ κρημνοῦ καὶ κατεκρήμνιζον αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄκρου τοῦ κρημνοῦ καὶ πάντες διερρήγνυντο
And the sons of Judah captured ten thousand alive and brought them to the top of the cliff and hurled them down from the top of the cliff, and they were all dashed to pieces.
The verse darkens the triumph. Military success does not necessarily mean moral health in every subsequent action.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐζώγρησανcapture aliveVAI AAI3P · ζωγρέωfinite verb advancing the clauseζωγρέω: meaning 'capture alive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφερονwere bringingV1I IAI3P · φέρωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionφέρω: meaning 'were bringing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονtips / endsA1A ASN · ἄκροςcommon noun within the clauseἄκρος: meaning 'tips'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρημνοῦcliffN2 GSM · κρημνόςcommon noun within the clauseκρημνός: meaning 'cliff'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεκρήμνιζονκρημνίζωVBI AAI3P · κρημνίζω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseκρημνίζω + κατα: meaning 'κρημνίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρουtips / endsA1A GSN · ἄκροςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'tips'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρημνοῦcliffN2 GSM · κρημνόςcommon noun within the clauseκρημνός: meaning 'cliff'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
διερρήγνυντοtoreVQI API3P · ῥήγνυμι + διαfinite verb advancing the clauseῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'tore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
13
καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς δυνάμεως οὓς ἀπέστρεψεν Αμασιας τοῦ μὴ πορευθῆναι μετ' αὐτοῦ εἰς πόλεμον καὶ ἐπέθεντο ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις Ιουδα ἀπὸ Σαμαρείας ἕως Βαιθωρων καὶ ἐπάταξαν ἐν αὐτοῖς τρεῖς χιλιάδας καὶ ἐσκύλευσαν σκῦλα πολλά
But the troops whom Amaziah sent back from going with him to war raided the cities of Judah from Samaria to Beth-horon and struck down three thousand among them and took much spoil.
The earlier anger now becomes real loss. Obedience has been right, but it has not insulated Judah from costly aftermath.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
ἀπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πορευθῆναιto goVC APN · πορεύομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθεντοthey placedVEI AMI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aorist middleτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΣαμαρείαςΣαμαρείαN1A GSF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΣαμαρείας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἕωςuntil/as far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαιθωρωνBeth-horonN GS · Βαιθωρωνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαιθωρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξανstrike downVAI AAI3P · πατάσσωmain conquest predicate→ aorist indicative summaryπατάσσω: meaning 'strike down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main conquest predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τρεῖςthreeM NPM · τρεῖςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσκύλευσανplunderedVAI AAPASNSKULEU/Wfinite verb advancing the clauseἐσκύλευσαν: meaning 'plundered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκῦλον: meaning 'spoil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
14
καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τὸ ἐλθεῖν Αμασιαν πατάξαντα τὴν Ιδουμαίαν καὶ ἤνεγκεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς τοὺς θεοὺς υἱῶν Σηιρ καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτοὺς ἑαυτῷ εἰς θεοὺς καὶ ἐναντίον αὐτῶν προσεκύνει καὶ αὐτοῖς αὐτὸς ἔθυεν
And it came to pass, after Amaziah returned from striking Idumea, that he brought the gods of the sons of Seir and set them up for himself as gods, and before them he bowed down and to them he himself made sacrifice.
The chapter turns here with almost shocking force: the conqueror adopts the gods of the conquered, exposing how little whole-hearted devotion he possessed.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ΑμασιανAmasiouN1T ASM · Αμασιαςcommon noun within the clauseΑμασιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
πατάξανταααπασμ πατάσσωVA · ααπασμ πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseααπασμ πατάσσω: meaning 'ααπασμ πατάσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίανEdomN1A ASF · Ιδουμαίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ lexical contribution to the oracleΙδουμαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκενbringVAI AAI3S · φέρωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'gods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΣηιρSeirN GS · Σηιρproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ proper-name referenceΣηιρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενhe setVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'he set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'for himself'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'gods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
προσεκύνειworshipV2I IAI3S · κυνέω + προςfinite verb advancing the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔθυενthey sacrificedV1I IAI3S · θύωfinite verb advancing the clauseθύω: meaning 'they sacrificed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
15
καὶ ἐγένετο ὀργὴ κυρίου ἐπὶ Αμασιαν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτῷ προφήτας καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ τί ἐζήτησας τοὺς θεοὺς τοῦ λαοῦ οἳ οὐκ ἐξείλαντο τὸν λαὸν αὐτῶν ἐκ χειρός σου
And the wrath of the Lord came upon Amaziah, and he sent prophets to him, and they said to him, 'Why have you sought the gods of that people, who did not deliver their own people from your hand?'
The question is devastatingly simple. These gods have already failed in the most public way possible.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὀργὴwith angerN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΑμασιανΑμασιανN1T ASM · Αμασιανcommon noun within the clauseΑμασιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
προφήταςprophetN1M APM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐζήτησαςseekVAI AAI2S · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clauseζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'gods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξείλαντοdeliverVA AMI3P · αἱρέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clauseαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
16
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ λαλῆσαι αὐτῷ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ μὴ σύμβουλον τοῦ βασιλέως δέδωκά σε πρόσεχε μὴ μαστιγωθῇς καὶ ἐσιώπησεν ὁ προφήτης καὶ εἶπεν ὅτι γινώσκω ὅτι ἐβούλετο ἐπὶ σοὶ τοῦ καταφθεῖραί σε ὅτι ἐποίησας τοῦτο καὶ οὐκ ἐπήκουσας τῆς συμβουλίας μου
And it came to pass, while he was speaking to him, that he said to him, 'Have we appointed you counselor to the king? Take heed lest you be scourged.' And the prophet fell silent and said, 'I know that God has purposed to destroy you, because you have done this and have not listened to my counsel.'
Royal irritation now hardens into refusal of counsel. The prophet's withdrawal is itself a sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαλῆσαιspeakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σύμβουλονcounselorN2 ASM · σύμβουλοςcommon noun within the clauseσύμβουλος: meaning 'counselor'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
δέδωκάgiveVX XAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πρόσεχεἔχωV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςfinite verb advancing the clause→ present or ongoing verbal forceἔχω + προς: meaning 'ἔχω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
μαστιγωθῇςscourgeVC APS2S · μαστιγόωfinite verb advancing the clauseμαστιγόω: meaning 'scourge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσιώπησενbe silentVAI AAI3S · σιωπάωfinite verb advancing the clauseσιωπάω: meaning 'be silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γινώσκωknowingV1 PAI1S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb advancing the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβούλετοwas minded / willedV1I IMI3S · βούλομαιparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processβούλομαι: meaning 'was minded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σοὶyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταφθεῖραίφθείρωVA AAN · φθείρω + καταinfinitive complement within the clauseφθείρω + κατα: meaning 'φθείρω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπήκουσαςhear favorablyVAI AAI2S · ἀκούω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμβουλίαςσυμβουλίαN1A GSF · συμβουλίαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationσυμβουλία: meaning 'συμβουλία'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
17
καὶ ἐβουλεύσατο Αμασιας καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς Ιωας υἱὸν Ιωαχαζ υἱοῦ Ιου βασιλέα Ισραηλ λέγων δεῦρο ὀφθῶμεν προσώποις
And Amaziah took counsel and sent to Joash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, 'Come, let us look one another in the face.'
The man who would not hear prophetic counsel now seeks human counsel for a reckless confrontation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionβουλεύω: meaning 'took counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΙωαςJoashN ASM · Ιωαςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙωαχαζJehoahazN GSM · Ιωαχαζproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωαχαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΙουJehuN GSM · Ιουproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
δεῦροcomeD · δεῦροproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦρο: meaning 'come'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὀφθῶμενseeVV APS1P · ὁράωarticle marking the following noun or phraseὀφθῶμεν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώποιςface / presenceN2N DPN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
18
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ιωας βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ πρὸς Αμασιαν βασιλέα Ιουδα λέγων ὁ αχουχ ὁ ἐν τῷ Λιβάνῳ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς τὴν κέδρον τὴν ἐν τῷ Λιβάνῳ λέγων δὸς τὴν θυγατέρα σου τῷ υἱῷ μου εἰς γυναῖκα καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐλεύσεται τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ τὰ ἐν τῷ Λιβάνῳ καὶ ἦλθαν τὰ θηρία καὶ κατεπάτησαν τὸν αχουχ
And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, 'The thistle on Lebanon sent to the cedar on Lebanon, saying: Give your daughter to my son as wife. But the wild beasts of the field that are on Lebanon came and trampled the thistle.'
The image is contemptuous by design. Amaziah is warned that he has mistaken a small success for cedarlike stature.
Word-by-word analysis· 53 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΙωαςJoashN NSM · Ιωαςname-item in the genealogical registerΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΑμασιανAmasiouN1T ASM · Αμασιαςcommon noun within the clauseΑμασιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αχουχthistleN NSM · αχουχproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceαχουχ: meaning 'thistle'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνῳLebanonN2 DSM · Λιβάνοςcommon noun within the clauseΛιβάνῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κέδρονcedarN2 ASF · κέδροςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκέδρος: meaning 'cedar'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνῳLebanonN2 DSM · Λιβάνοςcommon noun within the clauseΛιβάνῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
δὸςyou shall giveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιimperative verb→ aoristic commandδίδωμι: meaning 'you shall give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήwife-term in a household notice→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as wife-term in a household notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐλεύσεταιcomeVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίαwild beastsN2N APN · θηρίονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθηρίον: meaning 'wild beasts'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνῳLebanonN2 DSM · Λιβάνοςcommon noun within the clauseΛιβάνῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθανcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or name→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίαwild beastsN2N NPN · θηρίονcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθηρίον: meaning 'wild beasts'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεπάτησανπατέωVAI AAI3P · πατέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπατέω + κατα: meaning 'πατέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αχουχthistleN ASM · αχουχproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceαχουχ: meaning 'thistle'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
19
εἶπας ἰδοὺ ἐπάταξας τὴν Ιδουμαίαν καὶ ἐπαίρει σε ἡ καρδία ἡ βαρεῖα νῦν κάθησο ἐν οἴκῳ σου καὶ ἵνα τί συμβάλλεις ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ πεσῇ σὺ καὶ Ιουδας μετὰ σοῦ
You said, 'Behold, you have struck Idumea,' and your heavy heart lifts you up. Now sit at home; why meddle in trouble so that you should fall, you and Judah with you?
The warning is almost merciful. He is invited to enjoy victory quietly instead of converting it into national disaster.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
εἶπαςsaidVAI AAI2S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐπάταξαςstruck / killedVAI AAI2S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίανEdomN1A ASF · Ιδουμαίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ lexical contribution to the oracleΙδουμαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαίρειlift upV1 PAI3S · αἴρω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
βαρεῖαproud / heavyA3U NSF · βαρύςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβαρύς: meaning 'proud'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
κάθησοremained seatedV5 PMD2S · ἧμαι + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'remained seated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
συμβάλλειςβάλλωV1 PAI2S · βάλλω + συνfinite verb advancing the clauseβάλλω + συν: meaning 'βάλλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κακίᾳwickedness / evilN1A DSF · κακίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσῇfellVF FMI2S · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαςJudahN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant identificationΙουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative head term or subject complement.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
σοῦyour / of youRP GS · σύphrase element within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as phrase element within the clause.
20
καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσεν Αμασιας ὅτι παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν εἰς χεῖρας ὅτι ἐξεζήτησεν τοὺς θεοὺς τῶν Ιδουμαίων
But Amaziah did not listen, because it was from the Lord, to give him into their hands, because he had sought the gods of the Idumeans.
The chronicler again states the theology of the event directly: obstinacy now functions as judgment because idolatry has already bent the king toward ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδοῦναιto hand overVO AAN · δίδωμι + παραinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative object or complement→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεζήτησενζητέωVAI AAI3S · ζητέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist infinitive (purpose of the coming)ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ζητέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'gods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίωνEdomN1A GPF · Ιδουμαίαcommon noun within the clauseΙδουμαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
21
καὶ ἀνέβη Ιωας βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ καὶ ὤφθησαν ἀλλήλοις αὐτὸς καὶ Αμασιας βασιλεὺς Ιουδα ἐν Βαιθσαμυς ἥ ἐστιν τοῦ Ιουδα
So Joash king of Israel went up, and they looked one another in the face, he and Amaziah king of Judah, at Beth-shemesh, which belongs to Judah.
The face-to-face meeting fulfills Amaziah's boast, but not on the terms he imagined.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΙωαςJoashN NSM · Ιωαςname-item in the genealogical registerΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤφθησανseeVVI API3P · ὁράωarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ constative aoristὤφθησαν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλήλοιςἀλλήλωRD DPM · ἀλλήλωpronoun referring within the clause→ participant reference or interestἀλλήλοις: meaning 'ἀλλήλω'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαιθσαμυςBeth-shemeshN DSF · Βαιθσαμυςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαιθσαμυς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἥwho / whichRR NSF · ὅςpronoun referring within the clause→ participant referenceἥ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
22
καὶ ἐτροπώθη Ιουδας κατὰ πρόσωπον Ισραηλ καὶ ἔφυγεν ἕκαστος εἰς τὸ σκήνωμα
And Judah was put to flight before Israel, and each fled to his tent.
The terse collapse answers all the previous warning. Pride has led straight to humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτροπώθηput to flight / subdueVCI API3S · τροπόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ ingressive aorist passiveτροπόω: meaning 'put to flight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΙουδαςJudahN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant identificationΙουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative head term or subject complement.
κατὰaccording to/againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφυγενfleeVBI AAI3S · φεύγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristφεύγω: meaning 'flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκήνωμαcampN3M ASN · σκήνωμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'camp'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
23
καὶ τὸν Αμασιαν βασιλέα Ιουδα τὸν τοῦ Ιωας κατέλαβεν Ιωας βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ ἐν Βαιθσαμυς καὶ εἰσήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ καὶ κατέσπασεν ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ πύλης Εφραιμ ἕως πύλης γωνίας τετρακοσίους πήχεις
And Joash king of Israel captured Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash son of Ahaziah, at Beth-shemesh, and brought him to Jerusalem and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Gate of Ephraim to the Corner Gate, four hundred cubits.
His personal humiliation becomes civic humiliation. A proud challenge ends with the capital publicly opened.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμασιανAmasiouN1T ASM · Αμασιαςcommon noun within the clauseΑμασιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιωαςof JoashN GSM · Ιωαςproper name or indeclinable itemΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
κατέλαβενλαμβάνωVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΙωαςJoashN NSM · Ιωαςname-item in the genealogical registerΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαιθσαμυςBeth-shemeshN DSF · Βαιθσαμυςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαιθσαμυς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγενἄγωVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'ἄγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέσπασενσπάωVAI AAI3S · σπάω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristσπάω + κατα: meaning 'σπάω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχουςwallN3E GSN · τεῖχοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πύληςgatesN1 GSF · πύληcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἕωςuntil/as far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πύληςgatesN1 GSF · πύληcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
γωνίαςcornerN1A GSF · γωνίαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationγωνία: meaning 'corner'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τετρακοσίουςfour hundredA1A APM · τετρακόσιοιcommon noun within the clauseτετρακόσιοι: meaning 'four hundred'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πήχειςπῆχυςA3U APM · πῆχυςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῆχυς: meaning 'πῆχυς'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
24
καὶ πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ εὑρεθέντα ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ παρὰ τῷ Αβδεδομ καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν συμμίξεων καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς Σαμάρειαν
And he took all the gold and silver and all the vessels found in the house of the Lord and with Obed-edom, and the treasures of the king's house, and the hostages, and returned to Samaria.
The consequences of Amaziah's pride reach both worship and monarchy, draining the symbols of Judah's security.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονchrysionN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative complement→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'chrysion'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρεθέντααππαπν εὑρίσκωVC · αππαπν εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the clauseαππαπν εὑρίσκω: meaning 'αππαπν εὑρίσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑβδεδομAbdedomN DSM · Αβδεδομproper name or indeclinable itemΑβδεδομ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμμίξεωνσύμμιξιςN3I GPF · σύμμιξιςcommon noun within the clauseσύμμιξις: meaning 'σύμμιξις'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΣαμάρειανSamariaN1A ASF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clauseΣαμάρειαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
25
καὶ ἔζησεν Αμασιας ὁ τοῦ Ιωας βασιλεὺς Ιουδα μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν Ιωας τὸν τοῦ Ιωαχαζ βασιλέα Ισραηλ ἔτη δέκα πέντε
And Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah lived fifteen years after the death of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel.
The surviving years do not signal restoration. They read more like an extended coda after the decisive collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενliveVAI AAI3S · ζάωfinite verb advancing the clause→ repentance, intercession, and restorationζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιωαςof JoashN GSM · Ιωαςproper name or indeclinable itemΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element within the genealogical notice→ infinitival complementθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'to die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element within the genealogical notice.
ΙωαςJoashN ASM · Ιωαςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωαχαζJehoahazN GSM · Ιωαχαζproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωαχαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
26
καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ λόγοι Αμασιου οἱ πρῶτοι καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι οὐκ ἰδοὺ γεγραμμένοι ἐπὶ βιβλίου βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ Ισραηλ
And the rest of the acts of Amaziah, the first and the last, behold, are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel?
The formula lends documentary closure even as the narrative still has one more dark turn to report.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιποὶthe restA1 NPM · λοιπόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
ΑμασιουAmasiouN1T GSM · Αμασιαςancestor-name in a singer's pedigreeΑμασιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as ancestor-name in a singer's pedigree.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 NPMS · πρῶτοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσχατοιlastA1 NPM · ἔσχατοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γεγραμμένοιwriteVP · χππνπμ γράφωparticiple→ participial/imperfectiveχππνπμ γράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
βιβλίουbookN2N GSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
27
καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ᾧ ἀπέστη Αμασιας ἀπὸ κυρίου καὶ ἐπέθεντο αὐτῷ ἐπίθεσιν καὶ ἔφυγεν ἀπὸ Ιερουσαλημ εἰς Λαχις καὶ ἀπέστειλαν κατόπισθεν αὐτοῦ εἰς Λαχις καὶ ἐθανάτωσαν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ
And from the time that Amaziah turned away from the Lord they conspired against him, and he fled from Jerusalem to Lachish, but they sent after him to Lachish and killed him there.
The note about turning away from the LORD clarifies the true beginning of his downfall. The assassination is the final expression of a longer spiritual defection.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ᾧwho / whomRR DSM · ὅςdative complement within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative complement within the clause.
ἀπέστηremoveVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθεντοthey placedVEI AMI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aorist middleτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἐπίθεσινconspiracyN3I DSM · ἐπίθεσιςcommon noun within the clauseἐπίθεσις: meaning 'conspiracy'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφυγενfleeVBI AAI3S · φεύγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristφεύγω: meaning 'flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΛαχιςLachishN AS · Λαχιςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΛαχις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλανsentVAI AAI3P · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κατόπισθενafterD · κατόπισθενproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκατόπισθεν: meaning 'after'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΛαχιςLachishN AS · Λαχιςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΛαχις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθανάτωσανθανατόωVAI AAI3P · θανατόωfinite verb advancing the clauseθανατόω: meaning 'θανατόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
28
καὶ ἀνέλαβον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ
And they carried him on horses and buried him with his fathers in the city of David.
Even a compromised reign is folded back into the Davidic line, but only after the narrative has fully exposed its divided heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέλαβονλαμβάνωVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθαψανthey buriedVAI AAI3P · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθάπτω: meaning 'they buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.