Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

2 Chronicles 26ΠΑΡΑΛΕΙΠΟΜΕΝΩΝ Β′ ΚϚ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Uzziah prospers while he seeks the Lord, but strength turns to presumption and ends in leprous exclusion.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 2 Chronicles 26 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs-Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The chapter begins with Uzziah's public accession and quickly frames his reign by the familiar Chronicler principle that seeking the Lord leads to prospering (v. 5). The middle of the chapter expands that prosperity into war, tribute, fortification, agriculture, and even military technology, so that Uzziah appears as one of Judah's most capable kings. Particularly striking is the rare note that he made μηχανὰς μεμηχανευμένας λογιστοῦ, ingeniously designed machines for the towers and corners (v. 15), a detail unique in Chronicles' royal narratives. Yet the climax is not innovation but violation. Once his heart is lifted up, he enters the temple to burn incense, crossing the line between royal and priestly office (vv. 16-18). The priests' resistance is immediate and correct, and the sudden eruption of leprosy in his forehead before the incense altar turns bodily affliction into a visible theological verdict. The chapter therefore pairs a theology of God-given strength with a theology of limits: the king may defend, build, and prosper, but he may not seize liturgical prerogatives that God assigned elsewhere.

1

καὶ ἔλαβεν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς τὸν Οζιαν καὶ αὐτὸς δέκα καὶ ἓξ ἐτῶν καὶ ἐβασίλευσαν αὐτὸν ἀντὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Αμασιου

And all the people of the land took Uzziah, though he was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah.

Public accession of Uzziahκαὶ ἔλαβεν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς
The reign begins with a collective act of enthronement. Chronicles stresses that Judah itself installs the young king after Amaziah.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔλαβενseizedVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: 'take'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆςland / earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionγῆ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΟζιανUzziahN1T ASM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or listδέκα: 'ten'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἓξsixM · ἕξlexical item contributing to the clause or listἕξ: 'six'
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; genitive of measure in an age statement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐβασίλευσανto make kingVAI AAI3P · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveβασιλεύω: verbal form carrying the sense 'to make king' in this chapter's local clause context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντί: function word shaping relation, discourse flow, or clause linkage in context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπατήρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ΑμασιουAmasiouN1T GSM · Αμασιαςancestor-name in a singer's pedigreeAmaziah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this royal narrative context.
2

αὐτὸς ᾠκοδόμησεν τὴν Αιλαθ αὐτὸς ἐπέστρεψεν αὐτὴν τῷ Ιουδα μετὰ τὸ κοιμηθῆναι τὸν βασιλέα μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ

He built Elath; he restored it to Judah after the king slept with his fathers.

Early royal achievement: Elath restoredαὐτὸς ᾠκοδόμησεν
Before the larger reign summary unfolds, the narrator gives a concrete sign of effective kingship in rebuilding and recovering Elath for Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΑιλαθAilathN ASF · Αιλαθcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerElath: a transliterated place-name in Judah's southern frontier and trade horizon.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὴνit / herRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable itemJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κοιμηθῆναιsleepVC APN · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardκοιμάω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
3

υἱὸς δέκα ἓξ ἐτῶν ἐβασίλευσεν Οζιας καὶ πεντήκοντα καὶ δύο ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ Χαλια ἀπὸ Ιερουσαλημ

Uzziah was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Chaliah from Jerusalem.

Regnal formula for Uzziahυἱὸς δέκα ἓξ ἐτῶν
The standard accession formula locates the reign in Jerusalem and names the queen mother, as elsewhere in the royal notices.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or listδέκα: 'ten'
ἓξsixM · ἕξlexical item contributing to the clause or listἕξ: 'six'
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; genitive of measure in an age statement.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or listπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clauseδύο: 'two'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; temporal unit used in a regnal or age notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαcommon noun within the clauseὄνομα: 'name'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μητρὶmotherN3 DSF · μήτηρcommon noun within the clauseμήτηρ: 'mother'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ΧαλιαChaliaN NSF · Χαλιαpredicate (indeclinable: the mother's name)Χαλια: transliteration of Hebrew יְכָלְיָהוּ (Jecoliah); indeclinable here; the queen-mother of Azariah/Uzziah.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chainἸερουσαλήμ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Reubenite, Gadite, Manassite, and Levitical register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
4

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν Αμασιας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ

And he did what was right before the Lord, according to all that Amaziah his father had done.

Initial positive evaluationκαὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθές
The Chronicler opens Uzziah positively and places him, at least initially, within the line of approved Davidic rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὐθὲςuprightA3H ASN · εὐθήςcommon noun within the clauseεὐθής: 'upright'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονprepositionEnopion: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: 'all'
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveὅσος: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Amasias".
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπατήρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
5

καὶ ἦν ἐκζητῶν τὸν κύριον ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ζαχαριου τοῦ συνίοντος ἐν φόβῳ κυρίου καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ἐζήτησεν τὸν κύριον καὶ εὐόδωσεν αὐτῷ κύριος

And he kept seeking the Lord in the days of Zechariah, who understood in the fear of the Lord; and in his days he sought the Lord, and the Lord prospered him.

Seeking God explains the prosperityκαὶ ἦν ἐκζητῶν
The theological key is explicit: as long as Uzziah seeks God under wise instruction, divine prosperity attends him.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐκζητῶνpapnsm zeteo + ekV2 · παπνσμ ζητέω + ἐκmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνσμ ζητέω + ἐκ: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ταῖςthe onesRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaἡμέρα: 'days'; temporal setting.
ΖαχαριουZechariahN1T GSM · Ζαχαριαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΖαχαριας (gen. Ζαχαριου): transliteration of Hebrew זְכַרְיָה ('YHWH has remembered')
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
συνίοντοςpapgsm eimi + synV9 · παπγσμ εἰμί + συνmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπγσμ εἰμί + συν: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalφόβος: 'fear'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ταῖςthe onesRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaἡμέρα: 'days'; temporal setting.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐζήτησενsoughtVAI AAI3S · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clauseζητέω: 'seek'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εὐόδωσενeuodothVA AAI3S · εὐοδόωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionεὐοδωθῇ: verbal form meaning 'euodoth'; carries an action, process, or state within the clause.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
6

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ ἐπολέμησεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους καὶ κατέσπασεν τὰ τείχη Γεθ καὶ τὰ τείχη Ιαβνη καὶ τὰ τείχη Ἀζώτου καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν πόλεις Ἀζώτου καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀλλοφύλοις

And he went out and fought against the Philistines, and he pulled down the walls of Gath and the walls of Jabneh and the walls of Azotus, and he built cities near Azotus and among the Philistines.

Campaigns against the Philistinesκαὶ ἐξῆλθεν
The chapter now expands Uzziah's strength through offensive success and strategic building in Philistine territory.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπολέμησενfought / made warVAI AAI3S · πολεμέωfinite verb advancing the clauseπολεμέω: 'fought / made war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀλλοφύλουςPhilistinesA1B APM · ἀλλόφυλοςadjectival or ordinal modifierἀλλόφυλος: 'Philistine' or more literally 'one of another tribe'; the regular LXX designation for Israel's Philistine enemies.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατέσπασενσπάωVAI AAI3S · σπάω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseσπάω + κατα: 'σπάω'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τείχηwallN3E APN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)τεῖχος: 'wall/city-wall'; renders חוֹמָה; the image of a protective rampart around the shepherds, night and day.
ΓεθGathN GS · Γεθsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextGath: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τείχηwallN3E APN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)τεῖχος: 'wall/city-wall'; renders חוֹמָה; the image of a protective rampart around the shepherds, night and day.
ΙαβνηIabneN GS · Ιαβνηcommon term within the clauseΙαβνη: "Iabne"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τείχηwallN3E APN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)τεῖχος: 'wall/city-wall'; renders חוֹמָה; the image of a protective rampart around the shepherds, night and day.
ἈζώτουAzotusN2 GSM · Ἄζωτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἌζωτος: "Azotus"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: 'city'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἈζώτουAzotusN2 GSM · Ἄζωτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἌζωτος: "Azotus"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀλλοφύλοιςPhilistinesA1B DPM · ἀλλόφυλοςcommon noun within the clauseἀλλόφυλος: 'Philistine' or more literally 'one of another tribe'; the regular LXX designation for Israel's Philistine enemies.
7

καὶ κατίσχυσεν αὐτὸν κύριος ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἄραβας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς Μιναίους

And the Lord strengthened him against the Philistines and against the Arabs dwelling by the rock and against the Minaeans.

Divine help against surrounding peoplesκαὶ κατίσχυσεν αὐτὸν κύριος
Military success is again attributed to the Lord's strengthening rather than merely to Uzziah's own force.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀλλοφύλουςPhilistinesA1B APM · ἀλλόφυλοςadjectival or ordinal modifierἀλλόφυλος: 'Philistine' or more literally 'one of another tribe'; the regular LXX designation for Israel's Philistine enemies.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἌραβαςἌραψN APM · Ἄραψproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceἌραψ: 'Ἄραψ'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressκατοικέω: 'the inhabitants'.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πέτραςrock / cragN1A GSF · πέτραcommon noun within the clauseπέτρα: 'rock / crag'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΜιναίουςMeuniteN2 APM · Μιναῖοςaccusative object or complementΜιναῖος: 'Meunite'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
8

καὶ ἔδωκαν οἱ Μιναῖοι δῶρα τῷ Οζια καὶ ἦν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἕως εἰσόδου Αἰγύπτου ὅτι κατίσχυσεν ἕως ἄνω

And the Minaeans gave gifts to Uzziah, and his name reached as far as the entrance of Egypt, because he grew exceedingly strong.

Tribute and fame spread outwardκαὶ ἔδωκαν
The result of victory is not only security but tribute and renown extending to Judah's wider geopolitical horizon.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: 'give'; repeated allotment verb.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΜιναῖοιMeuniteN2 NPM · Μιναῖοςaccusative object or complementΜιναῖος: 'Meunite'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδῶρον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΟζιαUzziahN1T DSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goalὄνομα: 'name'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰσόδουentranceN2 GSF · εἴσοδοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termεἴσοδος: 'entrance / approach'
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἄνωupperD · ἄνωcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaἄνω: 'upper'; spatial descriptor for the upper town.
9

καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν Οζιας πύργους ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τῆς γωνίας καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τῆς φάραγγος καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γωνιῶν καὶ κατίσχυσεν

And Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem, at the Corner Gate, at the Valley Gate, and at the angles, and he fortified them.

Jerusalem fortifiedκαὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν Οζιας πύργους
The king's strength is expressed in defensive building at key points of the capital.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
πύργουςtowerN2 APM · πύργοςdative complementπύργος: 'tower'.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπύλη: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γωνίαςcornerN1A GSF · γωνίαcommon noun within the clauseγωνία: 'corner'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπύλη: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φάραγγοςvalleyN3G GSF · φάραγξsubject (the Salt Valley as a topographic subject)φάραγξ: recurring geographic term (cf. vv.3, 8); now functioning as the grammatical subject of the explanatory clause: 'the Salt Valley [had] pits of bitumen.'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γωνιῶνcornerN1A GPF · γωνίαcommon noun within the clauseγωνία: 'corner'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
10

καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν πύργους ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ ἐλατόμησεν λάκκους πολλούς ὅτι κτήνη πολλὰ ὑπῆρχεν αὐτῷ ἐν Σεφηλα καὶ ἐν τῇ πεδινῇ καὶ ἀμπελουργοὶ ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ Καρμήλῳ ὅτι φιλογέωργος ἦν

And he built towers in the wilderness and hewed many cisterns, because he had much livestock in the lowland and in the plain, and vintners in the hill country and in Carmel, for he was a lover of agriculture.

Rural infrastructure and cultivationκαὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν πύργους
Chronicles broadens royal competence beyond war: water, herds, vineyards, and cultivated land all fall under Uzziah's ordered care.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πύργουςtowerN2 APM · πύργοςdative complementπύργος: 'tower'.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐρήμῳeremosN2 DSF · ἐρῆμοςdative complement within the clause or phraseἐρῆμος: "wilderness / desert region"; here the sparsely settled zone where towers and cisterns extend royal control.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐλατόμησενcut stoneVAI AAI3S · λατομέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλατομέω: 'cut stone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
λάκκουςcisternN2 APM · λάκκοςcommon noun within the clauseλάκκος: 'cistern'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πολλούςmuchA1 APM · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifierπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κτήνηcattleN3E APN · κτῆνοςaccusative object or complementκτῆνος: livestock; pastoral wealth is a decisive marker of tribal stability in these chapters.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifierπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὑπῆρχενarcho + ypoV1I IAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄρχω + ὑπο: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΣεφηλαSephelaN DSF · Σεφηλαcommon term within the clauseΣεφηλα: "Sephela"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πεδινῇPedineA1 DSF · πεδεινόςadjectival modifierPedine: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀμπελουργοὶampeloyrgosN2 NPM · ἀμπελουργόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἀμπελουργός: "ampeloyrgos"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὀρεινῇoreineN1 DSF · ὀρεινήdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationὀρεινή: "oreine"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΚαρμήλῳKarmeloN2 DSM · Κάρμηλοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationΚάρμηλος: "Karmelo"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
φιλογέωργοςlover of agricultureN2 NSM · φιλογέωργοςpredicate adjective describing royal inclinationφιλογέωργος: "fond of farming / devoted to agriculture"; a rare descriptive adjective that casts Uzziah as a ruler invested in cultivation as well as war.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
11

καὶ ἐγένετο τῷ Οζια δυνάμεις ποιοῦσαι πόλεμον καὶ ἐκπορευόμεναι εἰς παράταξιν εἰς ἀριθμόν καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτῶν διὰ χειρὸς Ιιηλ τοῦ γραμματέως καὶ Μαασαιου τοῦ κριτοῦ διὰ χειρὸς Ανανιου τοῦ διαδόχου τοῦ βασιλέως

And Uzziah had forces for making war and for going out in battle formation by number; and their number was under the hand of Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the judge, under the hand of Hananiah, the king's officer.

The army is formally organizedκαὶ ἐγένετο τῷ Οζια
The narrative turns from building to administration, counting, and command structure. Uzziah's strength is disciplined, not chaotic.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΟζιαUzziahN1T DSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
δυνάμειςforces / armiesN3I NPF · δύναμιςcommon noun within the clauseδύναμις: 'forces / armies'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ποιοῦσαιpapnpph poieoV2 · παπνπφ ποιέωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνπφ ποιέω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clauseπόλεμος: 'war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐκπορευόμεναιpmpnpph poreyomai + ekV1 · πμπνπφ πορεύομαι + ἐκmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπμπνπφ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
παράταξινbattleN3I ASF · παράταξιςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπαράταξις: 'battle'
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀριθμόνarithmosN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἀριθμός: "number / census total"; the term signals ordered military registration rather than improvised mustering.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clauseἀριθμός: 'number'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
διὰthrough / by means ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιά: 'through / by means of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙιηλIielN GSM · Ιιηλproper name or indeclinable itemJehiel: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γραμματέωςscribeN3V GSM · γραμματεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemγραμματεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΜαασαιουMaasaioyN1T GSM · Μαασαιαςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termΜαασαιας: "Maasaioy"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κριτοῦjudgeN1M GSM · κριτήςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκριτής: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
διὰthrough / by means ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιά: 'through / by means of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΑνανιουHananiahN1T GSM · Ανανιαςnominative term in clause/listHananiah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διαδόχουdeputy / successorN2 GSM · διάδοχοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδιάδοχος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
12

πᾶς ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν πατριαρχῶν τῶν δυνατῶν εἰς πόλεμον δισχίλιοι ἑξακόσιοι

The whole number of the heads of fathers' houses, mighty men for war, was two thousand six hundred.

Leading houses countedπᾶς ὁ ἀριθμὸς
The military establishment is rooted in named and counted household leadership.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clauseἀριθμός: 'number'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατριαρχῶνpatriarch / family headN1M GPM · πατριάρχηςcommon noun within the clauseπατριάρχης: 'patriarch / family head'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δυνατῶνof the mightyA1 GPM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifierδυνατός: 'mighty'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clauseπόλεμος: 'war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δισχίλιοιtwo thousandA1A NPM · δισχίλιοιadjectival modifierδισχίλιοι: 'two thousand'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredA1A NPM · ἑξακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'
13

καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν δύναμις πολεμικὴ τριακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακισχίλιοι πεντακόσιοι οὗτοι οἱ ποιοῦντες πόλεμον ἐν δυνάμει ἰσχύος βοηθῆσαι τῷ βασιλεῖ ἐπὶ τοὺς ὑπεναντίους

And with them was a fighting force of three hundred seven thousand five hundred, these men making war with mighty strength to help the king against the enemies.

A large force stands readyκαὶ μετ' αὐτῶν
The scale of the army underlines the remarkable prosperity of the reign and its ordered readiness for conflict.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδύναμις: see v. 3.
πολεμικὴpolemikosA1 NSF · πολεμικόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπολεμικοῖς: lexical form glossed 'polemikos'; nominal element in the present context.
τριακόσιαιthree hundredA1A NPF · τριακόσιοιadjectival or ordinal modifierτριακόσιοι: 'three hundred'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χιλιάδεςchiliasN3D NPF · χιλίαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemχιλιάς: "thousand"; a military counting term for large troop totals and administrative reckoning.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἑπτακισχίλιοιseven thousandA1A NPM · ἑπτακισχίλιοιadjectival modifierἑπτακισχίλιοι: 'seven thousand'.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredA1A NPM · πεντακόσιοιnominative head term or subject complementπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ποιοῦντεςdo / makeV2 · παπνπμ ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do / make'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clauseπόλεμος: 'war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δυνάμειarmy / hostN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἰσχύς: 'strength / might'
βοηθῆσαιto helpVA AAN · βοηθέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: 'help / come to the aid of'
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὑπεναντίουςypenantiosA1A APM · ὑπεναντίοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionὑπεναντίος: "opponent / adversary"; those arrayed against the king and his army.
14

καὶ ἡτοίμαζεν αὐτοῖς Οζιας πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει θυρεοὺς καὶ δόρατα καὶ περικεφαλαίας καὶ θώρακας καὶ τόξα καὶ σφενδόνας εἰς λίθους

And Uzziah prepared for them, for the whole force, shields and spears and helmets and breastplates and bows and slingstones.

The king equips his forcesκαὶ ἡτοίμαζεν
Provisioning matters as much as counting. The king's competence includes material readiness for battle.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἡτοίμαζενpreparedV1I IAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare / make ready'
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπᾶς: 'all / whole'
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
θυρεοὺςthyreoysN2 APM · θυρεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθυρεοὺς: lexical form glossed 'thyreoys'; nominal element in the present context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δόραταspearsN3 APN · δόρυaccusative element functioning as object or goalδόρυ (pl. δόρατα): 'spear / lance'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
περικεφαλαίαςhelmetN1A APF · περικεφαλαίαsubject of (verbless) clauseπερικεφαλαία: 'helmet' (lit. 'thing around the head'); renders כּוֹבַע; the same word names the helmet through which David's stone will sink at v.49, and the helmet Saul puts on David at v.38 — a deliberate verbal thread.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
θώρακαςthoraxN3K APN · θώραξaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionθώραξ: "thorax"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τόξαbowN2N APN · τόξονcommon noun within the clauseτόξον: 'bow'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
σφενδόναςsphendoneN1 APF · σφενδόνηaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionσφενδόνη: "sphendone"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
λίθουςstoneN2 APM · λίθοςcommon noun within the clauseλίθος: 'stone'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
15

καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ μηχανὰς μεμηχανευμένας λογιστοῦ τοῦ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν πύργων καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γωνιῶν βάλλειν βέλεσιν καὶ λίθοις μεγάλοις καὶ ἠκούσθη ἡ κατασκευὴ αὐτῶν ἕως πόρρω ὅτι ἐθαυμαστώθη τοῦ βοηθηθῆναι ἕως οὗ κατίσχυσεν

And he made in Jerusalem engines, ingeniously designed, to be on the towers and on the corners, for shooting arrows and large stones; and their construction was heard of far away, because he was marvelously helped until he became strong.

Ingenious defenses and famous helpκαὶ ἐποίησεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ μηχανὰς
The rare notice of military machines heightens Uzziah's achievement, but the final explanation still lies in the Lord's marvelous help.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
μηχανὰςengineN1 APF · μηχανήcommon noun for contrived military deviceμηχανή: "engine / contrivance / war machine"; here of devised defensive technology mounted on towers and corners.
μεμηχανευμέναςchppapph mesaneyomaiVM · χππαπφ μησανεύομαιmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardχππαπφ μησανεύομαι: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
λογιστοῦskillful designerN1M GSM · λογιστήςgenitive modifier identifying the deviser or craftsmanλογιστής: literally a calculator or deviser; here the term points to technical ingenuity behind the constructed military engines.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: 'be'
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πύργωνtowerN2 GPM · πύργοςdative complementπύργος: 'tower'.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γωνιῶνcornerN1A GPF · γωνίαcommon noun within the clauseγωνία: 'corner'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
βάλλεινcastV1 PAN · βάλλωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveβάλλω: 'cast'.
βέλεσινarrowN3E DPN · βέλοςnominative (exclamatory predicate: 'an arrow of …')βέλος: 'arrow'; βέλος σωτηρίας ('arrow of deliverance') interprets the shot as a divine pledge of military rescue.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
λίθοιςstonesN2 DPM · λίθοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentλίθος: 'stone'
μεγάλοιςgreatA1 DPM · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifierμέγας: 'great'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἠκούσθηheardVCI API3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἀκούω: 'hear'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
the (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κατασκευὴKataskeyenN1 NSF · κατασκευήaccusative complementKataskeyen: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πόρρωporroD · πόρρωadverbial form modifying the verbal action or descriptionπόρρω: "porro"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐθαυμαστώθηheld in honor / admiredVCI API3S · θαυμάζωperfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας)→ resultative perfect participle (settled state of being held in admiration)θαυμάζω (pf. pass. ptcp.): 'admire / hold in honor / regard with wonder'; the periphrastic-type perfect passive renders נְשֻׂא פָנִים ('lifted of face / highly favored'); here paired with προσώπῳ ('in respect of person').
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βοηθηθῆναιhelpedVA APN · βοηθέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: 'help / come to the aid of'
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependenceοὗ: 'where'
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
16

καὶ ὡς κατίσχυσεν ὑψώθη ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ τοῦ καταφθεῖραι καὶ ἠδίκησεν ἐν κυρίῳ θεῷ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν ναὸν κυρίου θυμιάσαι ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τῶν θυμιαμάτων

But when he became strong, his heart was lifted up to his ruin, and he acted unjustly against the Lord his God and entered into the temple of the Lord to burn incense on the altar of incense.

Strength turns into prideκαὶ ὡς κατίσχυσεν
The hinge of the chapter arrives abruptly: success produces self-exaltation, and self-exaltation produces sacrilegious intrusion.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὡς: 'like / as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὑψώθηexaltVCI API3S · ὑψόωinfinitive→ perfective infinitiveὑψόω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
the (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemκαρδία: 'heart'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καταφθεῖραιφθείρωVA AAN · φθείρω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardφθείρω + κατα: 'φθείρω'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἠδίκησενyou have wrongedVAI AAI3S · ἀδικέωmain verb (negated: acquittal)→ constative aorist (denial of any wrong done)ἀδικέω: 'do wrong / injure / treat unjustly'; renders עָשַׁק / יָנָה; the general term heads the people's denial, covering every species of injustice.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: 'God'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aorist (marital approach notice)εἰσέρχομαι: go in; euphemistic marital or sexual approach in the household notice.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ναὸνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςgenitive dependentναός: 'temple'.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θυμιάσαιto be burned (as offering)VA AAN · θυμιάωinfinitive with πρίν (temporal)→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardθυμιάω: 'burn (as incense/offering) / make smoke'; renders הִקְטִיר; the burning of the fat to YHWH was the central act of the offering (Lev 3:16, 'all the fat is the LORD's'); to seize meat before this is direct sacrilege.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; either the altar of burnt offering or of incense.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυμιαμάτωνof incenseN3M GPN · θυμίαμαcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaθυμίαμα: 'incense'; the incense-offering associated with priestly service.
17

καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ Αζαριας ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἱερεῖς τοῦ κυρίου ὀγδοήκοντα υἱοὶ δυνατοὶ

And Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him eighty priests of the Lord, sons of valor.

Priestly resistance enters the sceneκαὶ εἰσῆλθεν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ
The priests do not yield the sanctuary. Their corporate courage becomes part of the chapter's defense of holy order.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aorist (marital approach notice)εἰσέρχομαι: go in; euphemistic marital or sexual approach in the household notice.
ὀπίσωafter / behindD · ὀπίσωproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceὀπίσω: 'after / behind'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ΑζαριαςAzariasN1T NSM · Αζαριαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑζαριας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Azarias".
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceIereys: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyM · ὀγδοήκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or listὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty'
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
δυνατοὶmighty menA1 NPM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifierδυνατός: 'mighty'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
18

καὶ ἔστησαν ἐπὶ Οζιαν τὸν βασιλέα καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ οὐ σοί Οζια θυμιάσαι τῷ κυρίῳ ἀλλ' ἢ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν υἱοῖς Ααρων τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις θυμιάσαι ἔξελθε ἐκ τοῦ ἁγιάσματος ὅτι ἀπέστης ἀπὸ κυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο εἰς δόξαν παρὰ κυρίου θεοῦ

And they opposed King Uzziah and said to him, "It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the Lord, but for the priests, the sons of Aaron, those consecrated to burn incense. Go out from the sanctuary, because you have departed from the Lord, and this will not be for glory to you from the Lord God."

The priests define the violated boundaryκαὶ ἔστησαν ἐπὶ Οζιαν
The rebuke is precise: the issue is office and consecration. Royal dignity cannot rewrite priestly vocation.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementἵστημι: 'stand / station'; here of fixed service posts.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟζιανUzziahN1T ASM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: 'not'
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronounSoi: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
ΟζιαUzziahN1T DSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
θυμιάσαιto be burned (as offering)VA AAN · θυμιάωinfinitive with πρίν (temporal)→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardθυμιάω: 'burn (as incense/offering) / make smoke'; renders הִקְטִיר; the burning of the fat to YHWH was the central act of the offering (Lev 3:16, 'all the fat is the LORD's'); to seize meat before this is direct sacrilege.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseἀλλά: 'but, rather'
orC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseἤ: 'or'
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑαρωνAaronN GSM · Ἀαρώνproper name within the list or clauseΑαρων: indeclinable
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡγιασμένοιςchppdpm agiazoVT · χππδπμ ἁγιάζωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardχππδπμ ἁγιάζω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
θυμιάσαιto be burned (as offering)VA AAN · θυμιάωinfinitive with πρίν (temporal)→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardθυμιάω: 'burn (as incense/offering) / make smoke'; renders הִקְטִיר; the burning of the fat to YHWH was the central act of the offering (Lev 3:16, 'all the fat is the LORD's'); to seize meat before this is direct sacrilege.
ἔξελθεwent outVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁγιάσματοςsanctuaryN3M GSN · ἁγίασμαcommon noun within the clauseἁγίασμα: 'sanctuary'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπέστηςremoveVHI AAI2S · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἵστημι + ἀπο: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewσύ: 'you'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδόξα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
παρὰfrom/besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phraseπαρὰ: preposition introducing its complement phrase; glossed 'from/beside' in this context.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
19

καὶ ἐθυμώθη Οζιας καὶ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ θυμιατήριον τοῦ θυμιάσαι ἐν τῷ ναῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ θυμωθῆναι αὐτὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ ἡ λέπρα ἀνέτειλεν ἐν τῷ μετώπῳ αὐτοῦ ἐναντίον τῶν ἱερέων ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου ἐπάνω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τῶν θυμιαμάτων

And Uzziah grew angry, with the censer in his hand to burn incense in the temple; and when he became angry with the priests, leprosy rose up on his forehead before the priests in the house of the Lord, above the altar of incense.

Judgment erupts in the act itselfκαὶ ἐθυμώθη Οζιας
The punishment falls at the very moment of angry persistence. The scene leaves no ambiguity about the divine verdict.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐθυμώθηwas angeredVCI API3S · θυμόωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionθυμόω (pass.): 'be angry'
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυμιατήριονthymiaterionN2N ASN · θυμιατήριονaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionθυμιατήριον: "thymiaterion"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυμιάσαιto be burned (as offering)VA AAN · θυμιάωinfinitive with πρίν (temporal)→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardθυμιάω: 'burn (as incense/offering) / make smoke'; renders הִקְטִיר; the burning of the fat to YHWH was the central act of the offering (Lev 3:16, 'all the fat is the LORD's'); to seize meat before this is direct sacrilege.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ναῷtempleN2 DSM · ναόςdative complement within the clause or phraseναός: "temple / sanctuary"; here the holy interior into which Uzziah has intruded without priestly right.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυμωθῆναιwas angeredVC APN · θυμόωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionθυμόω (pass.): 'be angry'
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V APM · ἱερεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἱερεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
the (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λέπραleprosyN1A NSF · λέπραsubject of κολληθήσεταιλέπρα: 'leprosy'; the same disease that defined Naaman (vv. 1, 3, 6, 7) now transferred to Gehazi as judgment.
ἀνέτειλενgrow / riseVAI AAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardτέλλω + ἀνα: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μετώπῳforeheadN2N DSN · μέτωπονaccusative object of ἐπί (point of impact)μέτωπον: 'forehead / brow'; renders מֵצַח; the one exposed spot — the stone strikes precisely where the bronze helmet (v.5) fails to protect.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsN3V GPM · ἱερεύςcommon noun within the clauseἱερεύς: 'priest'; the sacrificial and temple-serving office descended through Aaron.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: 'house'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐπάνωand upwardD · ἐπάνωadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceEpano: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarN2N GSN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionθυσιαστήριον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυμιαμάτωνof incenseN3M GPN · θυμίαμαcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaθυμίαμα: 'incense'; the incense-offering associated with priestly service.
20

καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ πρῶτος καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ ἰδοὺ αὐτὸς λεπρὸς ἐν τῷ μετώπῳ καὶ κατέσπευσαν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖθεν καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἔσπευσεν ἐξελθεῖν ὅτι ἤλεγξεν αὐτὸν κύριος

And the chief priest turned toward him, and the priests, and behold, he was leprous on his forehead; and they hurried him out from there, and indeed he himself hurried to go out, because the Lord had rebuked him.

The king is expelled and fleesκαὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν
What the priests commanded verbally in v. 18 is now enforced by manifest judgment. Even the king recognizes the rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceIereys: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρῶτοςfirstA1 NSMS · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierπρῶτος: 'first'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: 'behold'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
λεπρὸςleprousA1A NSM · λεπρόςpredicate adjective ('is leprous')λεπρός: 'leprous / a leper'; renders צָרוּעַ; the same word for the lepers Jesus cleanses (Matt 8:2; 10:8; Luke 17:12).
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μετώπῳforeheadN2N DSN · μέτωπονaccusative object of ἐπί (point of impact)μέτωπον: 'forehead / brow'; renders מֵצַח; the one exposed spot — the stone strikes precisely where the bronze helmet (v.5) fails to protect.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατέσπευσανhasten in terrorVAI AAI3P · σπεύδω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardσπεύδω + κατα: 'hasten in terror'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενadverbial modifier of the clauseἐκεῖθεν: 'from there / thence'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clauseγάρ: 'for'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἔσπευσενmake hasteVAI AAI3S · σπεύδωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperative (urgency)σπεύδω: 'hurry / hasten'; the urgent command to the boy.
ἐξελθεῖνwent outVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐκinfinitive complement within the clauseἔρχομαι + ἐκ: 'went out'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἤλεγξενrebukeVAI AAI3S · ἐλέγχωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἐλέγχω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
21

καὶ ἦν Οζιας ὁ βασιλεὺς λεπρὸς ἕως ἡμέρας τῆς τελευτῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν οἴκῳ αφφουσωθ ἐκάθητο λεπρός ὅτι ἀπεσχίσθη ἀπὸ οἴκου κυρίου καὶ Ιωαθαμ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ κρίνων τὸν λαὸν τῆς γῆς

And King Uzziah was leprous until the day of his death, and as a leper he sat in a separate house, because he had been cut off from the house of the Lord; and Jotham his son was over his kingdom, judging the people of the land.

Lasting exclusion and delegated ruleκαὶ ἦν Οζιας
The consequence is not momentary embarrassment but permanent separation from temple access and effective royal administration.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
λεπρὸςleprousA1A NSM · λεπρόςpredicate adjective ('is leprous')λεπρός: 'leprous / a leper'; renders צָרוּעַ; the same word for the lepers Jesus cleanses (Matt 8:2; 10:8; Luke 17:12).
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἡμέρα: 'day'
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τελευτῆςend / deathN1 GSF · τελευτήcommon noun within the clauseτελευτή: 'end / death'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: 'house'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αφφουσωθappusoth / separateN GS · αφφουσωθindeclinable qualifier of οἴκῳ (transliteration)αφφουσωθ: a transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית הַחָפְשִׁית ('the house of separation/freedom'), the quarantine-house for the leprous; the LXX left the Hebrew untranslated, treating it as a proper place-designation.
ἐκάθητοremained seatedV1I IMI3S · ἧμαι + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEkatheto: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
λεπρόςleprousA1A NSM · λεπρόςpredicate adjective ('is leprous')λεπρός: 'leprous / a leper'; renders צָרוּעַ; the same word for the lepers Jesus cleanses (Matt 8:2; 10:8; Luke 17:12).
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπεσχίσθηschizo + apoVSI API3S · σχίζω + ἀποmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardσχίζω + ἀπο: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: 'house'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙωαθαμJoathamN NSM · Ιωαθαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoatham: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
heRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεία: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κρίνωνpapnsm krinoV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνσμ κρίνω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalλαός: 'people'
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆςland / earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionγῆ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
22

καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ λόγοι Οζιου οἱ πρῶτοι καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι γεγραμμένοι ὑπὸ Ιεσσιου τοῦ προφήτου

And the rest of the acts of Uzziah, the first and the last, were written by Isaiah the prophet.

Appeal to prophetic recordκαὶ οἱ λοιποὶ λόγοι
As often in Chronicles, the narrative closes by locating the fuller account in an authoritative written source.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λοιποὶthe restA1 NPM · λοιπόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveλοιπός: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/listλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟζιουUzziahN1T GSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 NPMS · πρῶτοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπρῶτος: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἔσχατοιlastA1 NPM · ἔσχατοςcommon noun within the clauseἔσχατος: 'last'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
γεγραμμένοιwriteVP · χππνπμ γράφωparticiple→ participial/imperfectiveγράφω: verbal form carrying the sense 'write' in this chapter's local clause context.
ὑπὸas / byP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπό: 'as / by'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙεσσιουIessioyN1T GSM · Ιεσσιαςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termΙεσσιας: "Iessioy"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependentπροφήτης: 'prophet'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
23

καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Οζιας μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῆς ταφῆς τῶν βασιλέων ὅτι εἶπαν ὅτι λεπρός ἐστιν καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ιωαθαμ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ

And Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the field of burial that belonged to the kings, because they said, "He is leprous"; and Jotham his son reigned in his place.

Burial marked by his uncleannessκαὶ ἐκοιμήθη Οζιας
Even burial remembers the judgment. Uzziah is near the kings yet not placed among them in the ordinary way, and Jotham succeeds him.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐκοιμήθηsleepVCI API3S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the clauseκοιμάω: 'sleep'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔθαψανthey buriedVAI AAI3P · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clauseθάπτω: 'they buried'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πεδίῳfieldN2N DSN · πεδίονdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationπεδίον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ταφῆςtapheN1 GSF · ταφήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termταφή: "taphe"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
λεπρόςleprousA1A NSM · λεπρόςpredicate adjective ('is leprous')λεπρός: 'leprous / a leper'; renders צָרוּעַ; the same word for the lepers Jesus cleanses (Matt 8:2; 10:8; Luke 17:12).
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΙωαθαμJoathamN NSM · Ιωαθαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoatham: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἀντ'in place ofI · ἀντίproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceἀντί: 'in place of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.