1
υἱὸς εἴκοσι πέντε ἐτῶν Ιωαθαμ ἐν τῷ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτὸν καὶ δέκα ἓξ ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Ιερουσα θυγάτηρ Σαδωκ
Jotham was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Jerousa daughter of Zadok.
The standard accession notice places Jotham firmly in the Davidic succession and situates his reign in Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or listεἴκοσι: 'twenty'
πέντεfiveM · πέντεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerπέντε: five; cardinal number marking the total of a sibling or town cluster.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; genitive of measure in an age statement.
ΙωαθαμJoathamN NSM · Ιωαθαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoatham: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the clauseβασιλεύω: 'to make king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or listδέκα: 'ten'
ἓξsixM · ἕξlexical item contributing to the clause or listἕξ: 'six'
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; temporal unit used in a regnal or age notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαcommon noun within the clauseὄνομα: 'name'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μητρὸςmotherN3 GSF · μήτηρmother-term anchoring a branch of descentμήτηρ: mother; marks the maternal figure who anchors a branch of descent.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ΙερουσαJerushaN NSF · Ιερουσαpredicate (indeclinable: the mother's name)Ιερουσα: transliteration of Hebrew יְרוּשָׁא (Jerusha); indeclinable here; Jotham's mother.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'
ΣαδωκZadokN GSM · Σαδωκproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceZadok: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
2
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν Οζιας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἀλλ' οὐκ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν ναὸν κυρίου καὶ ἔτι ὁ λαὸς κατεφθείρετο
And he did what was right before the Lord according to all that Uzziah his father had done; only he did not enter into the temple of the Lord, yet the people still were being corrupted.
The narrator both approves Jotham and distinguishes him from the specific failure of chapter 26, while warning that the population remained diseased in conduct.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὐθὲςuprightA3H ASN · εὐθήςcommon noun within the clauseεὐθής: 'upright'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονprepositionEnopion: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: 'all'
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveὅσος: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας (gen. Οζιου): transliteration of Hebrew עֻזִּיָּה (Uzziah)
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπατήρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseἀλλά: 'but, rather'
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aorist (marital approach notice)εἰσέρχομαι: go in; euphemistic marital or sexual approach in the household notice.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ναὸνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςgenitive dependentναός: 'temple'.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clauseἔτι: 'still / yet'
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατεφθείρετοφθείρωV1I IMI3S · φθείρω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardφθείρω + κατα: 'φθείρω'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
3
αὐτὸς ᾠκοδόμησεν τὴν πύλην οἴκου κυρίου τὴν ὑψηλὴν καὶ ἐν τείχει τοῦ Οφλα ᾠκοδόμησεν πολλά
He built the upper gate of the house of the Lord, and on the wall of the Ophel he built much.
The first concrete achievement ties Jotham's constructive energy to the temple complex and Jerusalem's defenses.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπύλη: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: 'house'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὑψηλὴνypselosA1 ASF · ὑψηλόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalὑψηλός: "high / upper"; here it marks the elevated or upper gate of the temple complex.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τείχειwallN3E DSN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)τεῖχος: 'wall/city-wall'; renders חוֹמָה; the image of a protective rampart around the shepherds, night and day.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΟφλαOphlaN GSM · Οφλαcommon term within the clauseΟφλα: "Ophla"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςcommon noun within the clauseπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
4
καὶ πόλεις ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν ὄρει Ιουδα καὶ ἐν τοῖς δρυμοῖς καὶ οἰκήσεις καὶ πύργους
And he built cities in the hill country of Judah, and in the forests he built settlements and towers.
The building program reaches beyond Jerusalem into the broader landscape of Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: 'city'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clauseοἰκοδομέω: 'built'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὄρειhill country / mountainN3E DSN · ὄροςcommon noun within the clauseὄρος: 'hill country / mountain'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clauseΙουδα: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δρυμοῖςforestN2 DPM · δρυμόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδρυμός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἰκήσειςoikesisN3I APF · οἴκησιςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionοἴκησις: "oikesis"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πύργουςtowerN2 APM · πύργοςdative complementπύργος: 'tower'.
5
αὐτὸς ἐμαχέσατο πρὸς βασιλέα υἱῶν Αμμων καὶ κατίσχυσεν ἐπ' αὐτόν καὶ ἐδίδουν αὐτῷ οἱ υἱοὶ Αμμων κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν ἑκατὸν τάλαντα ἀργυρίου καὶ δέκα χιλιάδας κόρων πυροῦ καὶ κριθῶν δέκα χιλιάδας ταῦτα ἔφερεν αὐτῷ βασιλεὺς Αμμων κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει καὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ καὶ τῷ τρίτῳ
He fought with the king of the sons of Ammon and prevailed over him; and the sons of Ammon gave him year by year one hundred talents of silver and ten thousand cors of wheat and ten thousand of barley. These the king of Ammon brought him in the first year, and in the second, and in the third.
The reign's military note is brief but substantial: conquest issues in a multi-year stream of tribute.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐμαχέσατοquarreled / foughtVAI AMI3S · μάχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristμάχομαι: 'fight / quarrel'; renders נָצָה; the deponent middle describes the brothers' violent altercation.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAmmon: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐδίδουνyou shall giveV8I IMI3P · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadδίδωμι: 'give'
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAmmon: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phraseκατά: 'according to'
ἐνιαυτὸνyearN2 ASM · ἐνιαυτόςcommon noun within the clauseἐνιαυτός: 'year'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or listἑκατόν: 'hundred'
τάλανταtalentN2N APN · τάλαντονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementτάλαντον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἀργύριον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or listδέκα: 'ten'
χιλιάδαςchiliasN3D APF · χιλίαςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalχιλιάς: "thousand"; a counting term in tribute and military-administrative reckoning.
κόρωνkorosN2 GPM · κόροςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionκόρος: "cor"; a dry measure used for grain tribute and large-scale royal supply.
πυροῦwheatN2 GSM · πυρόςcommon noun within the clauseπυρός: 'wheat'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κριθῶνof barleyN1 GPF · κριθήcommon noun within the clauseκριθή: 'of barley'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or listδέκα: 'ten'
χιλιάδαςchiliasN3D APF · χιλίαςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalχιλιάς: "thousand"; a counting term in tribute and military-administrative reckoning.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
ἔφερενthey broughtV1I IAI3S · φέρωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardφέρω: 'they brought'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAmmon: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phraseκατά: 'according to'
ἐνιαυτὸνyearN2 ASM · ἐνιαυτόςcommon noun within the clauseἐνιαυτός: 'year'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρώτῳfirstA1 DSNS · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierπρῶτος: 'first'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEtei: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δευτέρῳsecondA1A DSN · δεύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδεύτερος: 'second'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τρίτῳthe third (day)A1 DSN · τρίτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierτρίτος: 'the third (day)'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
6
καὶ κατίσχυσεν Ιωαθαμ ὅτι ἡτοίμασεν τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ ἔναντι κυρίου θεοῦ αὐτοῦ
And Jotham grew strong because he prepared his ways before the Lord his God.
As often in Chronicles, strength is tied not merely to policy but to ordered life before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: 'prevail over / strengthen'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ΙωαθαμJoathamN NSM · Ιωαθαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoatham: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡτοίμασενestablished / preparedVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare / make ready / establish'
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἔναντιenantiP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phraseἔναντι: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
7
καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ λόγοι Ιωαθαμ καὶ ὁ πόλεμος καὶ αἱ πράξεις αὐτοῦ ἰδοὺ γεγραμμένοι ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ Ισραηλ
And the rest of the acts of Jotham, and his war and his deeds, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
The narrator gestures toward the fuller royal archive and keeps this chapter deliberately concise.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λοιποὶthe restA1 NPM · λοιπόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveλοιπός: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/listλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙωαθαμJothamN GSM · Ιωαθαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainΙωαθαμ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Reubenite, Gadite, Manassite, and Levitical register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πόλεμοςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clauseπόλεμος: 'war'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πράξειςpraxisN3I NPF · πρᾶξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπρᾶξις: "praxis"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: 'behold'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
γεγραμμένοιwriteVP · χππνπμ γράφωparticiple→ participial/imperfectiveγράφω: verbal form carrying the sense 'write' in this chapter's local clause context.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βιβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clauseβιβλίον: 'book'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clauseΙουδα: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
9
καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιωαθαμ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Αχαζ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ
And Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David; and Ahaz his son reigned in his place.
The peaceful close throws the reader forward to the profoundly different reign of Ahaz.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐκοιμήθηsleepVCI API3S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the clauseκοιμάω: 'sleep'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ΙωαθαμJoathamN NSM · Ιωαθαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoatham: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐτάφηthey buriedVDI API3S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clauseθάπτω: 'they buried'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπόλις: 'city'
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑχαζAchazN NSM · Αχαζproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἀντ'instead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀντί: function word shaping relation, discourse flow, or clause linkage in context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.