1
υἱὸς εἴκοσι ἐτῶν Αχαζ ἐν τῷ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτὸν καὶ δέκα ἓξ ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον κυρίου ὡς Δαυιδ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ
Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem; and he did not do what was right before the Lord, as David his father had done.
From the start the chapter refuses ambiguity: Ahaz is measured against David and found wanting.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or listεἴκοσι: 'twenty'
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; genitive of measure in an age statement.
ΑχαζAchazN NSM · Αχαζproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the clauseβασιλεύω: 'to make king'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or listδέκα: 'ten'
ἓξsixM · ἕξlexical item contributing to the clause or listἕξ: 'six'
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; temporal unit used in a regnal or age notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὐθὲςuprightA3H ASN · εὐθήςcommon noun within the clauseεὐθής: 'upright'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονprepositionEnopion: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrativeos: transliterated proper name preserved in the Solomonic temple narrative and its surrounding royal memory.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπατήρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
2
καὶ ἐπορεύθη κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς βασιλέων Ισραηλ καὶ γὰρ γλυπτὰ ἐποίησεν τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν
And he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and indeed he made graven images for their idols.
Judah's king is described as imitating the northern kingdom's cultic rebellion rather than Davidic faithfulness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπορεύθηhe wentVCI API3S · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseπορεύομαι: 'he went'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clauseγάρ: 'for'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
γλυπτὰglyptosA1 APN · γλυπτόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionγλυπτός: "glyptos"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῖςthe onesRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εἰδώλοιςidolsN2N DPN · εἴδωλονcommon noun within the clauseεἴδωλον: 'idols'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
3
καὶ ἔθυεν ἐν Γαιβενενομ καὶ διῆγεν τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ διὰ πυρὸς κατὰ τὰ βδελύγματα τῶν ἐθνῶν ὧν ἐξωλέθρευσεν κύριος ἀπὸ προσώπου υἱῶν Ισραηλ
And he was sacrificing in Gai-Ben-Hinnom, and he made his children pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the nations whom the Lord destroyed from before the sons of Israel.
The valley and the fire-rite mark the king's worship as not merely irregular but abhorrent.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔθυενthey sacrificedV1I IAI3S · θύωfinite verb advancing the clauseθύω: 'they sacrificed'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΓαιβενενομGaibenenomN DS · Γαιβενενομcommon term within the clauseΓαιβενενομ: "Gaibenenom"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
διῆγενago + diaV1I IAI3S · ἄγω + διαmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄγω + δια: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical noticeτέκνα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "children".
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
διὰthrough / by means ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιά: 'through / by means of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSM · πῦρdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπῦρ: 'fire'
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βδελύγματαabominationN3M APN · βδέλυγμαsubject of γεγένηταιβδέλυγμα: 'abomination / detestable thing'; renders תּוֹעֵבָה; the strongest LXX term for cultic abhorrence, used especially of idolatry (cf. 7:25–26; 17:4); the word that, in 'abomination of desolation' (Dan 9:27; Matt 24:15), names the supreme idolatrous defilement — here the city's apostasy is precisely such a βδέλυγμα.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἔθνος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ὧνwhichRR GPN · ὅςcommon noun within the clauseὅς: 'which'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐξωλέθρευσενdestroyVAI AAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseExolethreysen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clauseπρόσωπον: 'face'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
4
καὶ ἐθυμία ἐπὶ τῶν ὑψηλῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων καὶ ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους
And he burned incense on the high places and on the rooftops and under every leafy tree.
The whole landscape becomes littered with illicit cult, showing rebellion diffused through space.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐθυμίαto be burned (as offering)V3I IAI3S · θυμιάωinfinitive with πρίν (temporal)→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardθυμιάω: 'burn (as incense/offering) / make smoke'; renders הִקְטִיר; the burning of the fat to YHWH was the central act of the offering (Lev 3:16, 'all the fat is the LORD's'); to seize meat before this is direct sacrilege.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὑψηλῶνypselosA1 GPM · ὑψηλόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalὑψηλός used substantivally: "high places"; elevated cult sites associated with illicit worship.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δωμάτωνroofN3M GPN · δῶμαaccusative object of ἐπί (position: 'on the roof')δῶμα: 'housetop / roof'; renders Hebrew גָּג; the flat palace roof — pointedly the same rooftop setting as David's sin with Bathsheba (11:2), now the stage of his public humiliation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὑποκάτωypokatoD · ὑποκάτωpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phraseypokato: transliterated proper name preserved in the Solomonic temple narrative and its surrounding royal memory.
παντὸςeveryoneA3 GSN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ξύλουwood / timbersN2N GSN · ξύλονaccusative element functioning as object or goalξύλον (pl. ξύλα): 'wood / timber'
ἀλσώδουςalsodesN3S APN · ἀλσώδηςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionἀλσώδης: "alsodes"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
5
καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτοῦ διὰ χειρὸς βασιλέως Συρίας καὶ ἐπάταξεν ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ᾐχμαλώτευσεν ἐξ αὐτῶν αἰχμαλωσίαν πολλὴν καὶ ἤγαγεν εἰς Δαμασκόν καὶ γὰρ εἰς τὰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Ισραηλ παρέδωκεν αὐτόν καὶ ἐπάταξεν ἐν αὐτῷ πληγὴν μεγάλην
And the Lord his God gave him into the hand of the king of Syria, and he struck him and took from him a great captivity and brought it to Damascus; and indeed he gave him into the hands of the king of Israel, and he struck him with a great blow.
The narrator interprets military loss theologically: God hands the king over.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clauseδίδωμι + παρα: 'to hand over'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
διὰthrough / by means ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιά: 'through / by means of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionSyria: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ᾐχμαλώτευσενtake captiveVAI AAI3S · αἰχμαλωτεύωmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryαἰχμαλωτεύω: take captive; describes the seizure of people and goods after victory.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐκ (ἐξ): 'from.'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivity / captivesN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)αἰχμαλωσία: 'body of captives'; the spared virgins, equally subject to the purification before entering the camp; the contagion of corpse-defilement extends to the captured persons too.
πολλὴνmuchA1 ASF · πολύςcommon noun within the clauseπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἤγαγενbringVBI AAI3S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἄγω: lead / bring; in 5:26 it is the carrying verb of Assyrian deportation.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔαμασκόνDamascusN2 ASM · Δαμασκόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementDamascus: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clauseγάρ: 'for'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaχείρ: 'hands'; in the idiom 'over the charge of' the singers.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clauseδίδωμι + παρα: 'to hand over'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
πληγὴνplague / blowN1 ASF · πληγήcommon noun within the clauseπληγή: 'plague / blow'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifierμέγας: 'great'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
6
καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν Φακεε ὁ τοῦ Ρομελια βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ ἐν Ιουδα ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν δυνατῶν ἰσχύι ἐν τῷ αὐτοὺς καταλιπεῖν τὸν κύριον θεὸν τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν
And Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel, killed in Judah in one day one hundred twenty thousand mighty men, because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers.
The scale of the disaster is enormous, but the explanation remains covenantal rather than merely strategic.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπέκτεινενkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseκτείνω + ἀπο: 'killed'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΦακεεPekahN NSM · Φακεεsubject of συνεστράφη (indeclinable)Φακεε: indeclinable transliteration of Hebrew פֶּקַח (Pekah); the officer who kills Pekahiah and reigns twenty years (v. 27); distinguished by spelling from Φακεϊας (Pekahiah).
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΡομελιαRomeliaN1T GSM · Ρομελιαςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termΡομελιας: "Romelia"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable itemJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceεἷς: 'one'; numeral marking quantity, measurement, or sequence in the narrative or inventory.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or listἑκατόν: 'hundred'
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or listεἴκοσι: 'twenty'
χιλιάδαςchiliasN3D APF · χιλίαςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalχιλιάς: "thousand"; a counting term underscoring the scale of Judah's losses.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: 'man'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δυνατῶνof the mightyA1 GPM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifierδυνατός: 'mighty'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentἰσχύς: 'strength / might'
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
καταλιπεῖνthey leftVB AAN · λείπω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλείπω + κατα: 'they left'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθεός: 'God'
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
7
καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν Εζεκρι ὁ δυνατὸς τοῦ Εφραιμ τὸν Μαασαιαν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τὸν Εσδρικαμ ἡγούμενον τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν Ελκανα τὸν διάδοχον τοῦ βασιλέως
And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king's son, and Ezdrikam the ruler of his house, and Elkanah, the king's second in rank.
The devastation reaches the immediate royal circle and strips Ahaz's court of key figures.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπέκτεινενkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseκτείνω + ἀπο: 'killed'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΕζεκριEzekriN NSM · Εζεκριcommon term within the clauseΕζεκρι: "Ezekri"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δυνατὸςmighty / strongA1 NSM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifierδυνατός: 'mighty'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name within the list or clauseΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΜαασαιανMaasaiaN ASM · Μαασαιαproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΜαασαια: 'Maasaia'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalυἱός: 'son'
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΕσδρικαμEsdrikamN ASM · Εσδρικαμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceEsdrikam: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἡγούμενονcommander / leaderV2 · πμπασμ ἡγέομαιparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπμπασμ ἡγέομαι: 'commander / leader'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: 'house'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΕλκαναElkanahN ASM · Ελκαναname-item in the genealogical registerElkanah: transliterated proper name preserved in this genealogical register.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διάδοχονdeputy / successorN2 ASM · διάδοχοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδιάδοχος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
8
καὶ ᾐχμαλώτισαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτῶν τριακοσίας χιλιάδας γυναῖκας υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας καὶ σκῦλα πολλὰ ἐσκύλευσαν ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ἤνεγκαν τὰ σκῦλα εἰς Σαμάρειαν
And the sons of Israel took captive from their brothers three hundred thousand women, sons, and daughters, and they plundered much spoil from them and brought the spoil to Samaria.
The victors not only kill but carry away a vast population, turning defeat into a humanitarian crisis.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ᾐχμαλώτισανthey carry captiveVAI AAI3P · αἰχμαλωτίζωmain verb (deportation)→ predictive futureαἰχμαλωτίζω: 'take captive / lead away as prisoner'; renders שָׁבָה; the captors deport the defeated people — the exile proper.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἀδελφός: 'brother'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
τριακοσίαςthree hundredA1A APF · τριακόσιοιcommon noun within the clauseτριακόσιοι: 'three hundred'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
χιλιάδαςchiliasN3D APF · χιλίαςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalχιλιάς: "thousand"; a counting term marking the huge number of captives carried away.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goalγυνή: 'woman / wife'
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
θυγατέραςdaughtersN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative complementθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονcommon noun within the clauseσκῦλον: 'spoil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifierπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐσκύλευσανyou shall despoilVAI AAI3P · σκυλεύωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardσκυλεύω: 'you shall despoil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐκ (ἐξ): 'from.'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtVAI AAI3P · φέρωfinite verb advancing the clauseφέρω: 'they brought'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονcommon noun within the clauseσκῦλον: 'spoil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΣαμάρειανSamariaN1A ASF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clauseSamaria: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
9
καὶ ἐκεῖ ἦν ὁ προφήτης τοῦ κυρίου Ωδηδ ὄνομα αὐτῷ καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς ἀπάντησιν τῆς δυνάμεως τῶν ἐρχομένων εἰς Σαμάρειαν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ἰδοὺ ὀργὴ κυρίου θεοῦ τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ὑμῶν καὶ ἀπεκτείνατε ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν ὀργῇ ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν ἔφθακεν
And there was there a prophet of the Lord, Oded by name, and he went out to meet the force coming into Samaria and said to them, "Behold, because the wrath of the Lord God of your fathers was against Judah, he gave them into your hands, but you killed among them in wrath that has reached to heaven."
The prophetic word acknowledges Judah's deserved chastisement yet condemns Israel's furious excess.
Word-by-word analysis· 50 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: 'there'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἦνit wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clauseπροφήτης: 'prophet'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ΩδηδOdedN NSM · Ωδηδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceOded: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goalὄνομα: 'name'
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · ἀπάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀπάντησις: 'meeting / encounter'
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionδύναμις: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐρχομένωνcomingV1 · πμπγπμ ἔρχομαιmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleἔρχομαι: come; the participial use in 5:9 describes the approaching reach of the wilderness boundary.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΣαμάρειανSamariaN1A ASF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clauseSamaria: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: 'behold'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὀργὴwith angerN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative term in clause/listὀργή: 'anger / wrath'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clauseἸούδας: 'Judah'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clauseδίδωμι + παρα: 'to hand over'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaχείρ: 'hands'; in the idiom 'over the charge of' the singers.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπεκτείνατεkilledVAI AAI2P · κτείνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardκτείνω + ἀπο: 'killed'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentὀργή: 'anger / wrath'
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οὐρανῶνheavenN2 GPM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοὐρανός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἔφθακενhe was moved away / removedVXI XAI3S · φθάνωverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristφθάνω (aor. ἔφθασεν): classically 'arrive / come first / anticipate', but in Koine/LXX often simply 'come / reach'; here, with ἐκ τῆς τρίβου, the sense is 'when he (the body) had been gotten/moved out of the road' — i.e. once the corpse was removed; the subject is the displaced Amasa.
10
καὶ νῦν υἱοὺς Ιουδα καὶ Ιερουσαλημ ὑμεῖς λέγετε κατακτήσεσθαι εἰς δούλους καὶ δούλας οὐκ ἰδού εἰμι μεθ' ὑμῶν μαρτυρῆσαι κυρίῳ θεῷ ὑμῶν
"And now you are saying that the sons of Judah and Jerusalem are to be acquired as male and female slaves for yourselves. Behold, am I not with you to testify to the Lord your God?"
The rebuke presses from violence to intention: planned enslavement would add sin upon sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clauseΙουδα: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSM · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive elementσύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): 'you'
λέγετεsayV1 PAI2P · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλέγω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
κατακτήσεσθαιktaomai + kataVF FMN · κτάομαι + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardκτάομαι + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δούλουςservantN2 APM · δοῦλοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationδοῦλος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δούλαςservantN1 APF · δούληsubject of εὗρενδούλη: 'servant / handmaid'; Hannah's humble self-reference 'your servant', as throughout (vv.11, 16).
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἰδούbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: 'behold'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰμιbeV9 PAI1S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a preposition marking the relation of the governed phrase to the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
μαρτυρῆσαιto testifyVA AAN · μαρτυρέωinfinitive of purpose (with ἐμμενεῖ: 'stand to testify')→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of standing forth)μαρτυρέω: 'bear witness / testify'; renders עוּד / הֵעִיד; the cognate infinitive (μάρτυς … μαρτυρῆσαι) gives a figura etymologica; the single witness 'shall not stand to testify' decisively against an accused.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: 'God'
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
11
καὶ νῦν ἀκούσατέ μου καὶ ἀποστρέψατε τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν ἣν ᾐχμαλωτεύσατε τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν ὅτι ὀργὴ θυμοῦ κυρίου ἐφ' ὑμῖν
"And now hear me, and send back the captives whom you have taken captive from your brothers, because fierce wrath from the Lord is upon you."
The prophet turns rebuke into an urgent command to reverse the captivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωimperative verb→ aoristic commandἀκούω: 'hear'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀποστρέψατεto returnVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀποστρέφω: 'turn away, return'
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivity / captivesN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)αἰχμαλωσία: 'body of captives'; the spared virgins, equally subject to the purification before entering the camp; the contagion of corpse-defilement extends to the captured persons too.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complementὅς: 'who / whom'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
ᾐχμαλωτεύσατεtake captiveVAI AAI2P · αἰχμαλωτεύωmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryαἰχμαλωτεύω: take captive; describes the seizure of people and goods after victory.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἀδελφός: 'brother'
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὀργὴwith angerN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative term in clause/listὀργή: 'anger / wrath'
θυμοῦθυμόςN2 GSM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clauseθυμός: 'θυμός'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐφ': preposition, here linking its complement phrase to the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complementσύ (dat. pl.): dative of reference.
12
καὶ ἀνέστησαν ἄρχοντες ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Εφραιμ Ουδια ὁ τοῦ Ιωανου καὶ Βαραχιας ὁ τοῦ Μοσολαμωθ καὶ Εζεκιας ὁ τοῦ Σελλημ καὶ Αμασιας ὁ τοῦ Χοδλι ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐρχομένους ἀπὸ τοῦ πολέμου
And leaders from the sons of Ephraim arose, Azariah son of Johanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, Hezekiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai, against those coming from the war.
The word of the prophet is received by named leaders who stand against the returning army.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνέστησανraise upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: 'raise up'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name within the list or clauseΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם
ΟυδιαOydiaN NSM · Ουδιαcommon term within the clauseΟυδια: "Oydia"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙωανουIoanoyN GSM · Ιωανουcommon term within the clauseΙωανου: "Ioanoy"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΒαραχιαςBarachiasN1T NSM · Βαραχιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΒαραχιας: "Barachias"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΜοσολαμωθMosolamothN GSM · Μοσολαμωθcommon term within the clauseΜοσολαμωθ: "Mosolamoth"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΣελλημShallumN GSM · Σελλημgenitival relationship with γυναῖκα (indeclinable name: her husband)Σελλημ: transliteration of Hebrew שַׁלֻּם (Shallum, 'recompense'); indeclinable in the LXX; Huldah's husband.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΑμασιαςAmasiasN1T NSM · Αμασιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑμασιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Amasias".
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΧοδλιChodliN GSM · Χοδλιcommon term within the clauseΧοδλι: "Chodli"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐρχομένουςpmpapm erchomaiV1 · πμπαπμ ἔρχομαιmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπμπαπμ ἔρχομαι: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπόλεμος: 'war / battle'
13
καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς οὐ μὴ εἰσαγάγητε τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν ὧδε πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὅτι εἰς τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν τῷ κυρίῳ ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ὑμεῖς λέγετε προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἡμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἄγνοιαν ὅτι πολλὴ ἡ ἁμαρτία ἡμῶν καὶ ὀργὴ θυμοῦ κυρίου ἐπὶ τὸν Ισραηλ
And they said to them, "You must not bring the captives in here to us, because you mean to bring guilt upon us before the Lord, to add to our sins and to our ignorance; for our sin is great, and fierce wrath is upon Israel."
The princes recognize that cruelty toward brothers would make shared national sin even heavier.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: 'not'
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰσαγάγητεἄγωVB AAS2P · ἄγω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄγω + εἰς: 'ἄγω'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivity / captivesN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)αἰχμαλωσία: 'body of captives'; the spared virgins, equally subject to the purification before entering the camp; the contagion of corpse-defilement extends to the captured persons too.
ὧδεthis way / hereD · ὧδεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceὧδε: 'this way / here'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complementἐγώ (acc. pl. ἡμᾶς): 'us'
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁμαρτάνεινsinV1 PAN · ἁμαρτάνωinfinitive complement within the clauseἁμαρτάνω: 'sin'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐφ': preposition, here linking its complement phrase to the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complementἐγώ (acc. pl. ἡμᾶς): 'us'
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive elementσύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): 'you'
λέγετεsayV1 PAI2P · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλέγω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
προσθεῖναιthey continued / did againVE AAN · τίθημι + προςmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπροστίθημι (mid. προσέθεντο): 'add / continue / do again'
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ταῖςthe onesRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clauseἁμαρτία: 'sin'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'our'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄγνοιανagnoiaN1A ASF · ἄγνοιαaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionἄγνοια: "agnoia"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πολλὴmuchA1 NSF · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifierπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clauseἁμαρτία: 'sin'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'our'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὀργὴwith angerN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative term in clause/listὀργή: 'anger / wrath'
θυμοῦθυμόςN2 GSM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clauseθυμός: 'θυμός'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
14
καὶ ἀφῆκαν οἱ πολεμισταὶ τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν καὶ τὰ σκῦλα ἐναντίον τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ πάσης τῆς ἐκκλησίας
And the warriors left the captives and the spoil before the leaders and before all the assembly.
The reversal is immediate and public: spoils and captives are relinquished before the community.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀφῆκανallow / send awayVAI AAI3P · ἵημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἵημι + ἀπο: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πολεμισταὶwarriors / fighting menN1 NPM · πολεμιστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπολεμιστής: 'warrior / fighting man'
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivity / captivesN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)αἰχμαλωσία: 'body of captives'; the spared virgins, equally subject to the purification before entering the camp; the contagion of corpse-defilement extends to the captured persons too.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονcommon noun within the clauseσκῦλον: 'spoil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival modifierPases: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίαςassemblyN1A GSF · ἐκκλησίαgenitive dependentἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
15
καὶ ἀνέστησαν ἄνδρες οἳ ἐπεκλήθησαν ἐν ὀνόματι καὶ ἀντελάβοντο τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας καὶ πάντας τοὺς γυμνοὺς περιέβαλον ἀπὸ τῶν σκύλων καὶ ἐνέδυσαν αὐτοὺς καὶ ὑπέδησαν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἔδωκαν φαγεῖν καὶ ἀλείψασθαι καὶ ἀντελάβοντο ἐν ὑποζυγίοις παντὸς ἀσθενοῦντος καὶ κατέστησαν αὐτοὺς εἰς Ιεριχω πόλιν φοινίκων πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν εἰς Σαμάρειαν
And men who had been designated by name arose and took hold of the captives; and all the naked they clothed from the spoil and dressed them and shod them and gave them food and anointed them, and they carried every weak one on beasts and brought them to Jericho, the city of palms, to their brothers; then they returned to Samaria.
This is one of the chapter's most humane scenes: brotherhood is restored through clothing, nourishment, anointing, and escorted return.
Word-by-word analysis· 51 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνέστησανraise upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: 'raise up'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: 'man'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςcommon noun within the clauseὅς: 'who'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐπεκλήθησανwas called / namedVCI API3P · καλέω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἐπικαλέω: 'call / name / give a name to'
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentὄνομα: 'name'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀντελάβοντοhelp / supportVBI AMI3P · λαμβάνω + ἀντιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλαμβάνω + ἀντι: 'help / support'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivity / captivesN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)αἰχμαλωσία: 'body of captives'; the spared virgins, equally subject to the purification before entering the camp; the contagion of corpse-defilement extends to the captured persons too.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: 'all'
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γυμνοὺςnakedA1 APM · γυμνόςpredicate adjectiveγυμνός: the nakedness is the symptom; Adam states the symptom but not the cause — he does not say 'because I ate.' The confession is honest but incomplete.
περιέβαλονballo + periVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + περιmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardβάλλω + περι: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σκύλωνspoilN2N GPN · σκῦλονcommon noun within the clauseσκῦλον: 'spoil'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνέδυσανenedyseVAI AAI3P · δύω + ἐνmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐνέδυσε: verbal form meaning 'enedyse'; carries an action, process, or state within the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὑπέδησανdeo + ypoVAI AAI3P · δέω + ὑποmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardδέω + ὑπο: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: 'give'; repeated allotment verb.
φαγεῖνeatingVB AAN · ἐσθίωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveἐσθίω: verbal form carrying the sense 'eating' in this chapter's local clause context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀλείψασθαιanointed himselfVA AMN · ἀλείφωmain verb (anointing with oil)→ constative aoristἀλείφω (aor. mid. ἠλείψατο): 'anoint / rub with oil'; renders סוּךְ; anointing with oil, suspended during mourning, is resumed — a sign of returning to normal life.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀντελάβοντοhelp / supportVBI AMI3P · λαμβάνω + ἀντιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλαμβάνω + ἀντι: 'help / support'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὑποζυγίοιςbeast of burden / donkeyN2 DPN · ὑποζύγιονdirect object of δῷ (first item)ὑποζύγιον: 'animal under the yoke, donkey'; renders חֲמוֹר; first of the enumerated animals that may be deposited.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀσθενοῦντοςpapgsm astheneoV2 · παπγσμ ἀσθενέωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπγσμ ἀσθενέω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατέστησανappoint / setVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + κατα: 'appoint / set'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙεριχωJerichoN AS · Ιεριχωsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextJericho: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: 'city'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
φοινίκωνphoinixN3K GPM · φοῖνιξaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalφοῖνιξ: "palm tree"; Jericho is styled the city of palms, a fixed biblical toponymic description.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersN2 APM · ἀδελφόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀδελφός: 'brother'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπέστρεψανturned backVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΣαμάρειανSamariaN1A ASF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clauseSamaria: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
16
ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀπέστειλεν Αχαζ πρὸς βασιλέα Ασσουρ βοηθῆσαι αὐτῷ
At that time Ahaz sent to the king of Assyria to help him.
Instead of turning upward to God, the king turns outward to empire.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clauseκαιρός: 'time'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐκείνῳthat oneRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEkeino: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀποστέλλω: 'send'
ΑχαζAchazN NSM · Αχαζproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chainΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Reubenite, Gadite, Manassite, and Levitical register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
βοηθῆσαιto helpVA AAN · βοηθέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: 'help / come to the aid of'
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
17
καὶ ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι Ιδουμαῖοι ἐπέθεντο καὶ ἐπάταξαν ἐν Ιουδα καὶ ᾐχμαλώτισαν αἰχμαλωσίαν
And in addition the Edomites came and struck Judah and carried away captives.
The chapter piles distress on distress to show Judah's exposed condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun ('this/these'); used to identify or summarize the persons or items just mentioned.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙδουμαῖοιEdomN1A NPF · Ιδουμαίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionEdom: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐπέθεντοthey placedVEI AMI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseτίθημι + ἐπι: 'they placed'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξανthey struck downVAI AAI3P · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable itemJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ᾐχμαλώτισανthey carry captiveVAI AAI3P · αἰχμαλωτίζωmain verb (deportation)→ predictive futureαἰχμαλωτίζω: 'take captive / lead away as prisoner'; renders שָׁבָה; the captors deport the defeated people — the exile proper.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivity / captivesN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)αἰχμαλωσία: 'body of captives'; the spared virgins, equally subject to the purification before entering the camp; the contagion of corpse-defilement extends to the captured persons too.
18
καὶ οἱ ἀλλόφυλοι ἐπέθεντο ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις τῆς πεδινῆς καὶ ἀπὸ λιβὸς τοῦ Ιουδα καὶ ἔλαβον τὴν Βαιθσαμυς καὶ τὴν Αιλων καὶ τὴν Γαδηρωθ καὶ τὴν Σωχω καὶ τὰς κώμας αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν Θαμνα καὶ τὰς κώμας αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν Γαμζω καὶ τὰς κώμας αὐτῆς καὶ κατῴκησαν ἐκεῖ
And the Philistines attacked the cities of the lowland and of the south of Judah, and they took Beth-shemesh and Aijalon and Gederoth and Socho and its villages and Timnah and its villages and Gimzo and its villages, and they dwelt there.
The losses are now mapped town by town, underscoring Judah's shrinking hold on its own land.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀλλόφυλοιPhilistinesA1B NPM · ἀλλόφυλοςcommon noun within the clauseἀλλόφυλος: 'Philistine' or more literally 'one of another tribe'; the regular LXX designation for Israel's Philistine enemies.
ἐπέθεντοthey placedVEI AMI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseτίθημι + ἐπι: 'they placed'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: 'city'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πεδινῆςPedineA1 GSF · πεδεινόςadjectival modifierPedine: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
λιβὸςlipsN3 GSM · λίψgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termλίψ: "lips"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clauseΙουδα: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔλαβονseized / took hold ofVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: 'take'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΒαιθσαμυςBeth-shemeshN ASF · Βαιθσαμυςaccusative of direction (indeclinable place-name)Βαιθσαμυς: transliteration of בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ ('house of the sun'), a Levitical border-town in the territory of Judah; indeclinable in the LXX; the nearest Israelite town toward which the cart would head if divinely guided.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΑιλωνAilonN ASF · Αιλωνplace-name in town-list (indeclinable)Αιλων: transliteration of Hebrew אַיָּלוֹן ('Aijalon'); a town in the Danite borderlands.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΓαδηρωθGaderothN ASF · Γαδηρωθcommon term within the clauseΓαδηρωθ: "Gaderoth"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΣωχωSochoN ASF · Σωχωcommon term within the clauseΣωχω: "Socho"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κώμαςvillageN1 APF · κώμηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκώμη: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτῆς: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΘαμναTimnaN ASF · Θαμναgenitive with an implied maternal relation introducing Amalek through TimnaTimnah: a transliterated place-name in the Shephelah captured in the Philistine advance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κώμαςvillageN1 APF · κώμηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκώμη: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτῆς: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΓαμζωGamzoN ASF · Γαμζωcommon term within the clauseΓαμζω: "Gamzo"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κώμαςvillageN1 APF · κώμηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκώμη: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτῆς: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατῴκησανthey dweltVAI AAI3P · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseκατοικέω: 'dwell, settle, inhabit'; used for established residence in towns, especially Jerusalem, Gibeon, and other Benjaminite sites.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: 'there'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
19
ὅτι ἐταπείνωσεν κύριος τὸν Ιουδαν δι' Αχαζ βασιλέα Ιουδα ὅτι ἀπέστη ἀποστάσει ἀπὸ κυρίου
For the Lord humbled Judah because of Ahaz king of Judah, because he had revolted in revolt from the Lord.
The narrator lays responsibility squarely on Ahaz and describes his sin as open rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐταπείνωσενhumbledVAI AAI3S · ταπεινόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEtapeinosen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clauseἸούδας: 'Judah'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
δι'through / by means ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιά: 'through / by means of'; a preposition marking relation through the phrase it governs.
ΑχαζAchazN ASM · Αχαζproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clauseΙουδα: indeclinable
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπέστηremoveVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + ἀπο: 'remove'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἀποστάσειapostasisN3I DSF · ἀπόστασιςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationἀπόστασις: "apostasis"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
20
καὶ ἦλθεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν Θαγλαθφελλασαρ βασιλεὺς Ασσουρ καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτόν
And Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria came against him and struck him.
The sought-for ally arrives not as savior but as afflicter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι: 'come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ΘαγλαθφελλασαρTiglath-pileserN NSM · Θαγλαθφελλασαρsubject of ἦλθεν (indeclinable)Θαγλαθφελλασαρ: indeclinable transliteration of תִּגְלַת פִּלְאֶסֶר (Tiglath-pileser III); the same monarch called Φουλ at v. 19; the architect of the first Assyrian deportation of Israel.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chainΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Reubenite, Gadite, Manassite, and Levitical register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseπατάσσω: 'strike'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
21
καὶ ἔλαβεν Αχαζ τὰ ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ τὰ ἐν οἴκῳ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ ἔδωκεν τῷ βασιλεῖ Ασσουρ καὶ οὐκ εἰς βοήθειαν αὐτῷ
And Ahaz took what was in the house of the Lord and in the house of the king and of the rulers and gave it to the king of Assyria, but it was not for help to him.
The king empties sacred and royal stores, but foreign purchase fails where covenant return was refused.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔλαβενseizedVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: 'take'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΑχαζAchazN NSM · Αχαζproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: 'house'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: 'house'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔδωκενgaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδίδωμι: 'give'
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chainΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Reubenite, Gadite, Manassite, and Levitical register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βοήθειανhelp / aidN1A ASF · βοήθειαaccusative element functioning as object or goalβοήθεια: 'help / aid / succour'
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
22
ἀλλ' ἢ τῷ θλιβῆναι αὐτὸν καὶ προσέθηκεν τοῦ ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ κυρίου καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς
But in the time of his distress he added still further to depart from the Lord, and the king said,
Affliction does not humble Ahaz; it hardens him and pushes him deeper into rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseἀλλά: 'but, rather'
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseἤ: 'or'
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θλιβῆναιI am distressedVA AAN · θλίβωmain verb (Saul's state)→ progressive present (ongoing distress)θλίβω (pass. 'be afflicted/distressed'): 'press / oppress / afflict'; renders צַר־לִי ('I am in distress'); the present states Saul's acute, ongoing anguish.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
προσέθηκενthey continued / did againVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + προςmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπροστίθημι (mid. προσέθεντο): 'add / continue / do again'
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀποστῆναιremoveVH AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἵστημι + ἀπο: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
23
ἐκζητήσω τοὺς θεοὺς Δαμασκοῦ τοὺς τύπτοντάς με καὶ εἶπεν ὅτι θεοὶ βασιλέως Συρίας αὐτοὶ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτούς αὐτοῖς τοίνυν θύσω καὶ ἀντιλήμψονταί μου καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐγένοντο αὐτῷ εἰς σκῶλον καὶ παντὶ Ισραηλ
"I will seek the gods of Damascus who are striking me," and he said, "Because the gods of the king of Syria strengthen them, therefore I will sacrifice to them and they will help me." But they became to him a stumbling block, and to all Israel.
The king interprets defeat as proof of foreign gods rather than as a call to repent. The result is ruin for himself and for the nation.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἐκζητήσωseek outVF FAI1S · ζητέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἐκζητέω: "seek diligently / seek out"; here Ahaz perversely directs religious inquiry toward Damascus' gods rather than toward the LORD.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθεός: 'god'
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusN2 GSM · Δαμασκόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionDamascus: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τύπτοντάςpapapm typtoV1 · παπαπμ τύπτωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπαπμ τύπτω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: 'say'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
θεοὶGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemθεός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionSyria: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive elementαὐτός: 'they (themselves)'
κατισχύσουσινischyo + kataVF FAI3P · ἱσχύω + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἱσχύω + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
τοίνυνthereforeX · τοίνυνproper name or indeclinable itemToinyn: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
θύσωthey sacrificedVF FAI1S · θύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeθύω: 'sacrifice / offer / slay'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀντιλήμψονταίhelp / supportVF FMI3P · λαμβάνω + ἀντιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλαμβάνω + ἀντι: 'help / support'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewἐγώ: 'I'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive elementαὐτός: 'they (themselves)'
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaγίνομαι: 'become / come to be'; here of cities or results coming into being.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σκῶλονsnare / stumbling-blockN2N ASN · σκῶλονpredicate nominative ('this is a snare')σκῶλον: 'thorn / stumbling-block / snare'; renders מוֹקֵשׁ ('trap / snare'); the gods (or the pity toward the nations) are a σκῶλον — a trap that ensnares Israel into apostasy; the same trap-motif recurs at v. 25 (μὴ πταίσῃς, 'lest you stumble') and underlies the NT σκάνδαλον-language.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπᾶς: 'all'
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
24
καὶ ἀπέστησεν Αχαζ τὰ σκεύη οἴκου κυρίου καὶ κατέκοψεν αὐτὰ καὶ ἔκλεισεν τὰς θύρας οἴκου κυρίου καὶ ἐποίησεν ἑαυτῷ θυσιαστήρια ἐν πάσῃ γωνίᾳ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And Ahaz removed the vessels of the house of the Lord and cut them in pieces, and he shut the doors of the house of the Lord and made altars for himself at every corner in Jerusalem.
The king not only abandons proper worship but actively disables it while multiplying substitutes.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπέστησενremoveVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἵστημι + ἀπο: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ΑχαζAchazN NSM · Αχαζproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clauseσκεῦος: 'armor / vessel'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: 'house'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
κατέκοψενkopto + kataVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardκόπτω + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
αὐτὰitRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔκλεισενthey have shut upVAI AAI3S · κλείωmain verb (the Ziphites' pledge of delivery)→ resultative perfect (presumptuous: 'as good as done')κλείω: 'shut / close / confine'; the perfect κεκλείκασιν (indefinite plural, 'they have shut him up' = 'he is shut up') pledges David's delivery into Saul's hands; the verb belongs to the chapter's entrapment word-field (cf. ἀποκλείω, vv. 7, 11) — but the boast presumes on an outcome the LORD has already denied (v. 14).
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θύραςdoorsN1A APF · θύραcommon noun within the clauseθύρα: 'doors'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: 'house'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἑαυτοῦ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
θυσιαστήριαaltarN2N APN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun within the clauseθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπᾶς: 'all / whole'
γωνίᾳcornerN1A DSF · γωνίαcommon noun within the clauseγωνία: 'corner'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
25
καὶ ἐν πάσῃ πόλει καὶ πόλει ἐν Ιουδα ἐποίησεν ὑψηλὰ θυμιᾶν θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις καὶ παρώργισαν κύριον τὸν θεὸν τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν
And in every city and city in Judah he made high places for burning incense to foreign gods, and they provoked the Lord God of their fathers to anger.
Jerusalem's corruption spreads through every city, turning local geography into a network of provocation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπᾶς: 'all / whole'
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπόλις: 'city'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπόλις: 'city'
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable itemJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὑψηλὰhigh placesA1 APN · ὑψηλόςcommon noun within the clauseὑψηλός: 'high places'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
θυμιᾶνburn incenseV3 PAN · θυμιάωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complementθυμιάω: "burn incense"; cultic vocabulary here attached to illicit worship of foreign gods.
θεοῖςGodN2 DPM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
ἀλλοτρίοιςforeignerA1A DPM · ἀλλότριοςsubject of ἐπικαλέσηταιἀλλότριος: 'foreigner / stranger'; the non-Israelite suppliant.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
παρώργισανorgizo + paraVAI AAI3P · ὀργίζω + παραmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardὀργίζω + παρα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθεός: 'God'
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
26
καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ λόγοι αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ πράξεις αὐτοῦ αἱ πρῶται καὶ αἱ ἔσχαται ἰδοὺ γεγραμμέναι ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ Ισραηλ
And the rest of his acts and all his deeds, the first and the last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
The regnal conclusion arrives only after the temple has been shut, emphasizing the reign's devastating spiritual legacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λοιποὶthe restA1 NPM · λοιπόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveλοιπός: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/listλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πράξειςpraxisN3I NPF · πρᾶξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπρᾶξις: "praxis"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πρῶταιfirstA1 NPFS · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierπρῶτος: 'first'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἔσχαταιlastA1 NPF · ἔσχατοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEschatois: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: 'behold'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
γεγραμμέναιchppnpph graphoVP · χππνπφ γράφωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardχππνπφ γράφω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βιβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clauseβιβλίον: 'book'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clauseΙουδα: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
27
καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Αχαζ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ ὅτι οὐκ εἰσήνεγκαν αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς τάφους τῶν βασιλέων Ισραηλ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Εζεκιας υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ
And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David, because they did not bring him into the tombs of the kings of Israel; and Hezekiah his son reigned in his place.
Even burial bears witness against Ahaz. He is in the city of David but denied the full honor of the royal tombs.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐκοιμήθηsleepVCI API3S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the clauseκοιμάω: 'sleep'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ΑχαζAchazN NSM · Αχαζproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετά: 'with / after'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐτάφηthey buriedVDI API3S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clauseθάπτω: 'they buried'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπόλις: 'city'
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰσήνεγκανbring inVAI AAI3P · φέρω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφέρω + εἰς: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τάφουςtombsN2 APM · τάφοςcommon noun within the clauseτάφος: 'tombs'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἀντ'instead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀντί: function word shaping relation, discourse flow, or clause linkage in context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.