1
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Εζεκιας ἐπὶ πάντα Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδαν καὶ ἐπιστολὰς ἔγραψεν ἐπὶ τὸν Εφραιμ καὶ Μανασση ἐλθεῖν εἰς οἶκον κυρίου εἰς Ιερουσαλημ ποιῆσαι τὸ φασεκ τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ Ισραηλ
And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and he wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to the house of the Lord in Jerusalem to keep the Passover for the Lord God of Israel.
The reform now turns outward. Hezekiah addresses not Judah alone but the wider Israelite body.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀποστέλλω: 'send'
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: 'all'
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clauseἸούδας: 'Judah'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπιστολὰςepistoleN1 APF · ἐπιστολήaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionἐπιστολή: "epistole"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ἔγραψενwrite downVAI AAI3S · γράφωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseEgrapsen: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN ASM · Ἐφράιμproper name within the list or clauseΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
Μανασσηof ManassehN ASM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clauseΜανασση: indeclinable.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: 'come'
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalοἶκος: 'house'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ποιῆσαιto make / offerVA AAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φασεκPassoverN ASN · φασεκcultic loanword naming the Passover observanceφασεκ: transliterated form of "Passover" (Hebrew פֶּסַח); the Greek chronicler regularly preserves the feast-name as a loanword when speaking of the lamb, meal, and festival observance.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: 'God'
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
2
καὶ ἐβουλεύσατο ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες καὶ πᾶσα ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ποιῆσαι τὸ φασεκ τῷ μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ
And the king and the rulers and all the assembly in Jerusalem took counsel to keep the Passover in the second month.
The observance is planned in concert with leaders and assembly, not as isolated royal whim.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionβουλεύω (mid. ἐβουλεύσατο): 'take counsel / deliberate / resolve'
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπᾶς: 'all / whole'
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
ποιῆσαιto make / offerVA AAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φασεκPassoverN ASN · φασεκcultic loanword naming the Passover observanceφασεκ: transliterated form of "Passover" (Hebrew פֶּסַח); the Greek chronicler regularly preserves the feast-name as a loanword when speaking of the lamb, meal, and festival observance.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentμήν: 'month'
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δευτέρῳsecondA1A DSM · δεύτεροςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaδευτέρῳ: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
3
οὐ γὰρ ἠδυνάσθησαν αὐτὸ ποιῆσαι ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ὅτι οἱ ἱερεῖς οὐχ ἡγνίσθησαν ἱκανοί καὶ ὁ λαὸς οὐ συνήχθη εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
For they were not able to keep it at that time, because the priests had not sanctified themselves sufficiently and the people had not gathered to Jerusalem.
The chapter is candid about incompleteness: readiness must catch up with desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: 'not'
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clauseγάρ: 'for'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἠδυνάσθησανwas ableVSI API3P · δύναμαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardEdynato: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ποιῆσαιto make / offerVA AAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clauseκαιρός: 'time'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐκείνῳthat oneRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEkeino: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): 'not'
ἡγνίσθησανhegnisthesanVCI API3P · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἡγνίσθησαν: verbal form meaning 'hegnisthesan'; carries an action, process, or state within the clause.
ἱκανοίcapableA1 NPM · ἱκανόςpredicate adjective (Moses' self-assessment: 'I am not capable')ἱκανός: 'sufficient / capable / adequate'; renders כְּבַד in part; the formula οὐχ ἱκανός εἰμι ('I am not sufficient') becomes a recurring NT humility formula: John Baptist (Matt 3:11: οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανός), Paul (1 Cor 15:9: οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς καλεῖσθαι ἀπόστολος; 2 Cor 2:16; 3:5).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: 'not'
συνήχθηwere gatheredVQI API3S · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄγω + συν: 'were gathered'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
4
καὶ ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐναντίον τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐναντίον τῆς ἐκκλησίας
And the matter was pleasing before the king and before the assembly.
Consensus forms around a lawful, prudent accommodation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἤρεσενis pleasingVAI AAI3S · ἀρέσκωverb of indefinite relative clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἀρέσκω: 'please / be pleasing'; the idiom ὃ ἐὰν ἀρέσῃ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ὑμῶν renders Hebrew אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב בְּעֵינֵיכֶם, a polite formula of deference and assent.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemλόγος: 'word'
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίαςassemblyN1A GSF · ἐκκλησίαgenitive dependentἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
5
καὶ ἔστησαν λόγον διελθεῖν κήρυγμα ἐν παντὶ Ισραηλ ἀπὸ Βηρσαβεε ἕως Δαν ἐλθόντας ποιῆσαι τὸ φασεκ κυρίῳ θεῷ Ισραηλ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ὅτι πλῆθος οὐκ ἐποίησεν κατὰ τὴν γραφήν
And they established a decree to make a proclamation pass through all Israel from Beersheba to Dan, that they should come to keep the Passover for the Lord God of Israel in Jerusalem, for the multitude had not kept it according to what was written.
The feast is framed as a return to written norm after long neglect.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔστησανstoodVHI AAI3P · ἵστημιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἵστημι: 'stand'
λόγονthing / wordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clauseλόγος: 'word'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
διελθεῖνpass throughVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἔρχομαι + δια: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
κήρυγμαproclamationN3M ASN · κήρυγμαaccusative object of κατά (norm of proclamation)κήρυγμα: 'proclamation, message'; cognate with κηρύσσω — a figura etymologica; in the NT κήρυγμα becomes the standard term for the apostolic preaching (1 Cor 1:21; 2:4).
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπᾶς: 'all'
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΒηρσαβεεBersabeeN GSM · Βηρσαβεεproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceBersabee: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΔανDanN GSM · Δανproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceDan: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐλθόνταςaapapm erchomaiVB · ααπαπμ ἔρχομαιmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardααπαπμ ἔρχομαι: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ποιῆσαιto make / offerVA AAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φασεκPassoverN ASN · φασεκcultic loanword naming the Passover observanceφασεκ: transliterated form of "Passover" (Hebrew פֶּסַח); the Greek chronicler regularly preserves the feast-name as a loanword when speaking of the lamb, meal, and festival observance.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: 'God'
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπλῆθος: 'multitude / great number'
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γραφήνgraphenN1 ASF · γραφήaccusative element functioning as object or goalγραφήν: lexical form glossed 'graphen'; nominal element in the present context.
6
καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν οἱ τρέχοντες σὺν ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων εἰς πάντα Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδαν κατὰ τὸ πρόσταγμα τοῦ βασιλέως λέγοντες υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἐπιστρέψατε πρὸς θεὸν Αβρααμ καὶ Ισαακ καὶ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπιστρέψει τοὺς ἀνασεσῳσμένους τοὺς καταλειφθέντας ἀπὸ χειρὸς βασιλέως Ασσουρ
And the couriers went with the letters from the king and the rulers through all Israel and Judah according to the king's command, saying, "Sons of Israel, return to the God of Abraham and Isaac and Israel, and he will return to the remnant that has escaped and has been left from the hand of the king of Assyria."
The proclamation uses covenant language: if the people return, God will turn again to the remnant.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπορεύθησανgoVCI API3P · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπορεύομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τρέχοντεςpapnpm trechoV1 · παπνπμ τρέχωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνπμ τρέχω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phraseσύν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ταῖςthe onesRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐπιστολαῖςepistoleN1 DSF · ἐπιστολήdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationἐπιστολή: "epistole"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
παρὰfrom/besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phraseπαρὰ: preposition introducing its complement phrase; glossed 'from/beside' in this context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: 'all'
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clauseἸούδας: 'Judah'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόσταγμαordinanceN3M ASN · πρόσταγμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπρόσταγμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπνπμ λέγω: 'saying'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
υἱοὶsonsN2 VPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
ἐπιστρέψατεturned backVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθεός: 'God'
ΑβρααμAbraamN GSM · Ἀβραάμproper name or indeclinable itemAbraam: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙσαακIsaacN GSM · Ισαακproper name or indeclinable itemIsaak: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπιστρέψειshall bring backVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / bring back / return'
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀνασεσῳσμένουςchppapm sozo + anaVM · χππαπμ σώζω + ἀναmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardχππαπμ σώζω + ἀνα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καταλειφθένταςhaving been leftVV · αππαπμ λείπω + καταmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleλείπω + κατά: leave behind; the participle in 4:43 identifies the surviving remnant of Amalek.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chainΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name preserved in the Reubenite, Gadite, Manassite, and Levitical register; Chronicles preserves such names as the carriers of clan, place, and lineage memory.
7
καὶ μὴ γίνεσθε καθὼς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ὑμῶν οἳ ἀπέστησαν ἀπὸ κυρίου θεοῦ πατέρων αὐτῶν καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς ἐρήμωσιν καθὼς ὑμεῖς ὁρᾶτε
"And do not become like your fathers and your brothers who departed from the Lord God of their fathers, and he gave them over to desolation, as you see."
The letters interpret the northern catastrophe theologically and visibly.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
γίνεσθεit happenedV1 PMD2P · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clauseκαθώς: 'just as / according as'
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρhead noun within the clauseπατήρ: 'father'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἀδελφός: 'brother'
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςcommon noun within the clauseὅς: 'who'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπέστησανremoveVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἵστημι + ἀπο: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clauseδίδωμι + παρα: 'to hand over'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐρήμωσινdesolationN3I ASF · ἐρήμωσιςcommon noun naming the visible result of judgmentἐρήμωσις: "desolation / devastation"; a covenant-judgment term for land or people laid waste by rebellion.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clauseκαθώς: 'just as / according as'
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive elementσύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): 'you'
ὁρᾶτεsawV3 PAI2P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardὁράω: 'saw'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
8
καὶ νῦν μὴ σκληρύνητε τοὺς τραχήλους ὑμῶν δότε δόξαν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ καὶ εἰσέλθατε εἰς τὸ ἁγίασμα αὐτοῦ ὃ ἡγίασεν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ δουλεύσατε τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ ὑμῶν καὶ ἀποστρέψει ἀφ' ὑμῶν θυμὸν ὀργῆς
"And now do not harden your necks; give glory to the Lord God and enter his sanctuary which he has sanctified forever, and serve the Lord your God, and he will turn away fierce wrath from you."
The people are urged to yield themselves bodily and spiritually by entering the sanctified place and serving the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σκληρύνητεprevailed harshly / was hardVA AAS2P · σκληρύνωmain verb (narratorial conclusion)→ constative aoristσκληρύνω: 'harden / make harsh / be severe'; renders קָשָׁה; the word of Judah 'was harsher / prevailed roughly' over Israel's — the narrator's ominous close, the seed of the schism (ch. 20).
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τραχήλουςtrachelosN2 APM · τράχηλοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionτράχηλος: "trachelos"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
δότεgiveVO AAD2P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaδίδωμι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδόξα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: 'God'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἰσέλθατεerchomai + eisVB AAD2P · ἔρχομαι + ἐιςmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἔρχομαι + ἐις: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁγίασμαsanctuaryN3M ASN · ἁγίασμαcommon noun within the clauseἁγίασμα: 'sanctuary'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ὃosRR NSM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordinationὅς: relative pronoun referring back to the sanctuary the Lord has sanctified.
ἡγίασενconsecrateVAI AAI3S · ἁγιάζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἁγιάζω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαἰών: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
δουλεύσατεserveVA AAD2P · δουλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardδουλεύω: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: 'God'
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀποστρέψειto returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀποστρέφω: 'turn away, return'
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phraseἀφ': preposition, here linking its complement phrase to the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clauseθυμός: 'θυμός'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ὀργῆςwith angerN1 GSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentὀργή: 'anger / wrath'
9
ὅτι ἐν τῷ ἐπιστρέφειν ὑμᾶς πρὸς κύριον οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν ἔσονται ἐν οἰκτιρμοῖς ἔναντι πάντων τῶν αἰχμαλωτισάντων αὐτούς καὶ ἀποστρέψει εἰς τὴν γῆν ταύτην ὅτι ἐλεήμων καὶ οἰκτίρμων κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἀποστρέψει τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀφ' ἡμῶν ἐὰν ἐπιστρέψωμεν πρὸς αὐτόν
"For when you return to the Lord, your brothers and your children will find compassion before all who took them captive and he will turn back to this land, because the Lord our God is merciful and compassionate and will not turn away his face from us if we return to him."
The appeal is anchored in God's character and in hope for scattered kin.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐπιστρέφεινturned backV1 PAN · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ (acc. pl. ὑμᾶς): 'you'
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἀδελφός: 'brother'
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: Greek definite article; marks a noun phrase as definite and helps signal case, gender, and number.
τέκναchildrenN2N NPN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical noticeτέκνα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "children".
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependenceσύ (gen. pl.): 'your'
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἰκτιρμοῖςcompassion / mercyN2 DPM · οἰκτιρμόςcommon noun within the clauseοἰκτιρμός: 'compassion / mercy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἔναντιenantiP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phraseἔναντι: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰχμαλωτισάντωνaapgpm aichmalotizoVA · ααπγπμ αἰχμαλωτίζωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardααπγπμ αἰχμαλωτίζω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: 'them'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀποστρέψειto returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀποστρέφω: 'turn away, return'
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clauseγῆ: 'land'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐλεήμωνmercifulA3N NSM · ἐλεήμωνpredicate adjective (with εἰμι: 'I am merciful')ἐλεήμων: 'merciful, compassionate'; renders חַנּוּן ('gracious'); ἐλεήμων … εἰμι is a self-revelation of the divine character — the same attribute proclaimed at 34:6 (ἐλεήμων καὶ οἰκτίρμων); God's mercy is the ground of his hearing the cry of the poor.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἰκτίρμωνcompassionate / mercifulA3N NSM · οἰκτίρμωνpredicate adjective (modifying θεός)οἰκτίρμων: 'compassionate / merciful / pitying'; renders רַחוּם; θεὸς οἰκτίρμων is a key element of the divine self-revelation (Exod 34:6); the merciful counterpart to θεὸς ζηλωτής (v. 24) — the same God in judgment and in mercy.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'our'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀποστρέψειto returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀποστρέφω: 'turn away, return'
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπρόσωπον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phraseἀφ': preposition, here linking its complement phrase to the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun in genitival dependenceἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'our'
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπιστρέψωμενturned backVA AAS1P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: 'toward / against'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
10
καὶ ἦσαν οἱ τρέχοντες διαπορευόμενοι πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἐν τῷ ὄρει Εφραιμ καὶ Μανασση καὶ ἕως Ζαβουλων καὶ ἐγένοντο ὡς καταγελῶντες αὐτῶν καὶ καταμωκώμενοι
And the couriers were passing from city to city in the hill country of Ephraim and Manasseh and as far as Zebulun, and they became objects of laughter and mockery to them.
The invitation does not produce uniform response; mockery reveals how far estrangement has gone.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τρέχοντεςpapnpm trechoV1 · παπνπμ τρέχωmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνπμ τρέχω: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
διαπορευόμενοιpmpnpm poreyomai + diaV1 · πμπνπμ πορεύομαι + διαmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπμπνπμ πορεύομαι + δια: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: 'city'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπόλις: 'city'
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὄρειhill country / mountainN3E DSN · ὄροςcommon noun within the clauseὄρος: 'hill country / mountain'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name within the list or clauseΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clauseΜανασση: indeclinable.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: 'until'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunN GSM · Ζαβουλωνproper name within the list or clauseΖαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaγίνομαι: 'become / come to be'; here of cities or results coming into being.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὡς: 'like / as'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καταγελῶντεςpapnpm gelao + kataV3 · παπνπμ γελάω + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνπμ γελάω + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
καταμωκώμενοιpmpnpm mokaomai + kataV3 · πμπνπμ μωκάομαι + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπμπνπμ μωκάομαι + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
11
ἀλλὰ ἄνθρωποι Ασηρ καὶ ἀπὸ Μανασση καὶ ἀπὸ Ζαβουλων ἐνετράπησαν καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
But men from Asher and from Manasseh and from Zebulun were ashamed and came to Jerusalem.
Against the mockers stand those who are humbled enough to join the feast.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunctionalla: transliterated proper name preserved in the Solomonic temple narrative and its surrounding royal memory.
ἄνθρωποιmanN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἄνθρωπος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑσηρAsherN GSM · Ασηρproper name within the list or clauseΑσηρ: transliteration of Hebrew אָשֵׁר
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clauseΜανασση: indeclinable.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunN GSM · Ζαβουλωνproper name within the list or clauseΖαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן
ἐνετράπησανtrepo + enVDI API3P · τρέπω + ἐνmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardτρέπω + ἐν: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦλθονthey cameVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι: 'come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
12
καὶ ἐν Ιουδα ἐγένετο χεὶρ κυρίου δοῦναι αὐτοῖς καρδίαν μίαν ἐλθεῖν τοῦ ποιῆσαι κατὰ τὸ πρόσταγμα τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐν λόγῳ κυρίου
And in Judah the hand of the Lord came to give them one heart to do the command of the king and the rulers by the word of the Lord.
Unity in Judah is explicitly attributed to the Lord's hand, not merely to human organization.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable itemJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clauseδίδωμι: 'give'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκαρδία: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveεἷς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: 'come'
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ποιῆσαιto make / offerVA AAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρόσταγμαordinanceN3M ASN · πρόσταγμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπρόσταγμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
λόγῳwordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentλόγος: 'word'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
13
καὶ συνήχθησαν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ λαὸς πολὺς τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ ἐκκλησία πολλὴ σφόδρα
And many people were gathered to Jerusalem to keep the feast of unleavened bread in the second month, a very great assembly.
The response proves that the reform has become a mass movement, not a court ritual.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
συνήχθησανwere gatheredVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the clauseἄγω + συν: 'were gathered'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πολὺςmuchA1P NSM · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifierπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ποιῆσαιto make / offerVA AAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑορτὴνfeastN1 ASF · ἑορτήproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEortais: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀζύμωνunleavenedA1B GPM · ἄζυμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentμήν: 'month'
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δευτέρῳsecondA1A DSM · δεύτεροςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaδευτέρῳ: common register vocabulary in this genealogical or allotment context.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
πολλὴmuchA1 NSF · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifierπολύς: 'much'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceσφόδρα: 'very'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
14
καὶ ἀνέστησαν καὶ καθεῖλαν τὰ θυσιαστήρια τὰ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ πάντα ἐν οἷς ἐθυμιῶσαν τοῖς ψευδέσιν κατέσπασαν καὶ ἔρριψαν εἰς τὸν χειμάρρουν Κεδρων
And they arose and removed the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all on which they had been burning incense to the false gods they pulled down and threw into the Kidron torrent.
The feast requires the removal of rival worship from the city before proper worship can proceed.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνέστησανraise upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: 'raise up'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
καθεῖλανaireo + kataVAI AAO3P · αἱρέω + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardαἱρέω + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θυσιαστήριαaltarN2N APN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun within the clauseθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: 'all'
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐθυμιῶσανto be burned (as offering)VAI AAI3P · θυμιάωinfinitive with πρίν (temporal)→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardθυμιάω: 'burn (as incense/offering) / make smoke'; renders הִקְטִיר; the burning of the fat to YHWH was the central act of the offering (Lev 3:16, 'all the fat is the LORD's'); to seize meat before this is direct sacrilege.
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ψευδέσινpseydesA3H DPM · ψευδήςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationψευδής: "pseydes"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
κατέσπασανσπάωVAI AAI3P · σπάω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseσπάω + κατα: 'σπάω'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔρριψανthrew / castVAI AAI3P · ῥίπτωmain verb (the woman casts the millstone)→ constative aoristῥίπτω: 'throw / cast / hurl'; renders שָׁלַךְ (Hiphil); the woman's hurling of the upper millstone from the wall, the lethal act recalled from Judg 9:53.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χειμάρρουνcheimaroosA1C ASM · χειμάροοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionχειμάροος: "cheimaroos"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ΚεδρωνKidronN GS · Κεδρωνgenitive/appositional name (indeclinable place name)Κεδρων: transliteration of Hebrew קִדְרוֹן (Kidron); indeclinable; the valley/brook between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives, the eastern boundary David must cross to flee.
15
καὶ ἔθυσαν τὸ φασεκ τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δευτέρου καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἐνετράπησαν καὶ ἡγνίσθησαν καὶ εἰσήνεγκαν ὁλοκαυτώματα εἰς οἶκον κυρίου
And they slaughtered the Passover on the fourteenth day of the second month, and the priests and the Levites were ashamed and sanctified themselves and brought whole burnt offerings into the house of the Lord.
The shame of the ministers becomes productive, driving them into the sanctification the feast requires.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔθυσανthey sacrificedVAI AAI3P · θύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeθύω: 'sacrifice / offer / slay'
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φασεκPassoverN ASN · φασεκcultic loanword naming the Passover observanceφασεκ: transliterated form of "Passover" (Hebrew פֶּסַח); the Greek chronicler regularly preserves the feast-name as a loanword when speaking of the lamb, meal, and festival observance.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃfourteenthA1 DSF · τεσσαρεσκαιδέκατοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτεσσαρεσκαιδέκατος: 'fourteenth'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependentμήν: 'month'
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δευτέρουsecondA1A GSM · δεύτεροςordinal adjective in rosterδεύτερος: 'second'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseΛευείτης: 'Λευείτης'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνετράπησανtrepo + enVDI API3P · τρέπω + ἐνmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardτρέπω + ἐν: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἡγνίσθησανhegnisthesanVCI API3P · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἡγνίσθησαν: verbal form meaning 'hegnisthesan'; carries an action, process, or state within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
εἰσήνεγκανbring inVAI AAI3P · φέρω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφέρω + εἰς: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ὁλοκαυτώματαburnt offeringN3M APN · ὁλοκαύτωμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementὁλοκαύτωμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalοἶκος: 'house'
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
16
καὶ ἔστησαν ἐπὶ τὴν στάσιν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὸ κρίμα αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν ἐντολὴν Μωυσῆ ἀνθρώπου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς ἐδέχοντο τὰ αἵματα ἐκ χειρὸς τῶν Λευιτῶν
And they stood at their station according to their judgment, according to the commandment of Moses the man of God, and the priests received the blood from the hand of the Levites.
The restored feast is carefully tethered to inherited liturgical rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementἵστημι: 'stand / station'; here of fixed service posts.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
στάσινfootstool/placeN3I ASF · στάσιςaccusative complementστάσις: 'footstool/place'.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκρίμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐντολὴνEntolasN1 ASF · ἐντολήaccusative complementEntolas: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionMoses: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἄνθρωπος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: 'God'; the principal divine title, used in direct speech and theological interpretation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
ἐδέχοντοyou take to heartV1I IMI3P · δέχομαιverb continuing the temporal-conditional frame→ predictive future (Israel's inward reception in exile)δέχομαι: 'receive / accept / take to oneself'; the idiom δέξῃ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν σου ('you receive into your heart') renders וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ אֶל־לְבָבְךָ ('you bring back to your heart'), i.e. you reflect upon and inwardly take in the experience of blessing and curse; this inward turn is the hinge toward repentance in v. 2.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἵματαbloodN3M APN · αἷμαcommon noun within the clauseαἷμα: 'blood'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρcommon noun within the clauseχείρ: 'hand'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευιτῶνΛευείτηςN1M GPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseΛευείτης: 'Λευείτης'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
17
ὅτι πλῆθος τῆς ἐκκλησίας οὐχ ἡγνίσθη καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν τὸ φασεκ παντὶ τῷ μὴ δυναμένῳ ἁγνισθῆναι τῷ κυρίῳ
For many of the assembly had not sanctified themselves, and the Levites were for slaughtering the Passover for everyone who was unable to sanctify himself to the Lord.
The chapter recognizes irregularity but handles it by authorized ministry rather than by indifference.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπλῆθος: 'multitude / great number'
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίαςassemblyN1A GSF · ἐκκλησίαgenitive dependentἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): 'not'
ἡγνίσθηhagnistheteVCI API3S · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἁγνίσθητε: verbal form meaning 'hagnisthete'; carries an action, process, or state within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseΛευείτης: 'Λευείτης'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseεἰμί: 'be'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θύεινthey sacrificedV1 PAN · θύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeθύω: 'sacrifice / offer / slay'
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φασεκPassoverN ASN · φασεκcultic loanword naming the Passover observanceφασεκ: transliterated form of "Passover" (Hebrew פֶּסַח); the Greek chronicler regularly preserves the feast-name as a loanword when speaking of the lamb, meal, and festival observance.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπᾶς: 'all'
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceμή: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
δυναμένῳpmpdsm dynamaiV6 · πμπδσμ δύναμαιmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπμπδσμ δύναμαι: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ἁγνισθῆναιhagnistheteVC APN · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἁγνίσθητε: verbal form meaning 'hagnisthete'; carries an action, process, or state within the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
18
ὅτι τὸ πλεῖστον τοῦ λαοῦ ἀπὸ Εφραιμ καὶ Μανασση καὶ Ισσαχαρ καὶ Ζαβουλων οὐχ ἡγνίσθησαν ἀλλὰ ἔφαγον τὸ φασεκ παρὰ τὴν γραφήν καὶ προσηύξατο Εζεκιας περὶ αὐτῶν λέγων κύριος ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἐξιλασάσθω ὑπὲρ
For the greater part of the people from Ephraim and Manasseh and Issachar and Zebulun had not sanctified themselves, but they ate the Passover contrary to what was written; and Hezekiah prayed for them, saying, "May the good Lord make atonement for
This is the chapter's central tension: sincere return arrives faster than full ritual readiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πλεῖστονplestonA1 ASMS · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπλεῖστον: lexical form glossed 'pleston'; nominal element in the present context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termλαός: 'people'
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμproper name within the list or clauseΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
Μανασσηof ManassehN GSM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clauseΜανασση: indeclinable.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΙσσαχαρIssacharN GSM · Ισσαχαρproper name within the list or clauseΙσσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunN GSM · Ζαβουλωνproper name within the list or clauseΖαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): 'not'
ἡγνίσθησανhegnisthesanVCI API3P · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἡγνίσθησαν: verbal form meaning 'hegnisthesan'; carries an action, process, or state within the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunctionalla: transliterated proper name preserved in the Solomonic temple narrative and its surrounding royal memory.
ἔφαγονeatingVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveἐσθίω: verbal form carrying the sense 'eating' in this chapter's local clause context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φασεκPassoverN ASN · φασεκcultic loanword naming the Passover observanceφασεκ: transliterated form of "Passover" (Hebrew פֶּסַח); the Greek chronicler regularly preserves the feast-name as a loanword when speaking of the lamb, meal, and festival observance.
παρὰfrom/besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phraseπαρὰ: preposition introducing its complement phrase; glossed 'from/beside' in this context.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γραφήνgraphenN1 ASF · γραφήaccusative element functioning as object or goalγραφήν: lexical form glossed 'graphen'; nominal element in the present context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
προσηύξατοprayVAI AMI3S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardεὔχομαι + προς: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phraseπερί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressλέγω: 'say'
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀγαθός: 'good'
ἐξιλασάσθωto make atonementVA AMD3S · ἱλάσκομαι + ἐκverbal element advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; sacrificial expiation language.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπέρ: 'over / beyond'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
19
πάσης καρδίας κατευθυνούσης ἐκζητῆσαι κύριον τὸν θεὸν τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὴν ἁγνείαν τῶν ἁγίων
every heart that directs itself to seek the Lord, the God of their fathers, even though not according to the purity of the holy things."
The prayer does not deny the defect; it appeals from defect to God's regard for a rightly set heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πάσηςeveryoneA3 GSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependentKardias: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
κατευθυνούσηςappgsph eythyno + kataVA · αππγσφ εὐθύνω + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardαππγσφ εὐθύνω + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
ἐκζητῆσαιseek outVA AAN · ζητέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἐκζητέω: "seek diligently"; the prayer emphasizes a heart intentionally set toward the LORD.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalθεός: 'God'
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: 'not'
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατά: 'according to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁγνείανagneiaN1A ASF · ἁγνείαaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionἁγνεία: "agneia"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἁγίωνof holy thingsA1A GPM · ἅγιοςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaἅγιος: 'holy things'; genitive in the phrase 'holy of holies.'
20
καὶ ἐπήκουσεν κύριος τῷ Εζεκια καὶ ἰάσατο τὸν λαόν
And the Lord listened to Hezekiah and healed the people.
God's healing response vindicates both the seriousness of the problem and the sincerity of the plea.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: 'hear favorably'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΕζεκιαEzekiasN1T DSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἰάσατοyou will be healedVAI AMI3S · ἰάομαιmain verb (result of the offering)→ predictive future (promised healing)ἰάομαι: 'heal / cure'; renders רָפָא; the passive ἰαθήσεσθε ('you will be healed') promises relief from the plague of tumors, with the LORD as the implicit healer.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
21
καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οἱ εὑρεθέντες ἐν Ιερουσαλημ τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ μεγάλῃ καὶ καθυμνοῦντες τῷ κυρίῳ ἡμέραν καθ' ἡμέραν καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἐν ὀργάνοις τῷ κυρίῳ
And the sons of Israel who were found in Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness, while praising the Lord day by day, and the priests and the Levites with instruments to the Lord.
What began under tension opens into sustained joy, music, and daily praise.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὑρεθέντεςfindVC · αππνπμ εὑρίσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionεὑρίσκω: "find"; the participle denotes those present and available in Jerusalem for the feast.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑορτὴνfeastN1 ASF · ἑορτήproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEortais: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀζύμωνunleavenedA1B GPM · ἄζυμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάcommon noun within the clauseἑπτά: 'seven'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εὐφροσύνῃgladnessN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentεὐφροσύνη: 'gladness / joy / good cheer'
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifierμέγας: 'great'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
καθυμνοῦντεςpapnpm ymneo + kataV2 · παπνπμ ὑμνέω + καταmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπνπμ ὑμνέω + κατα: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goalἡμέρα: 'day'
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phraseκατά + accusative: 'during, in the course of'
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goalἡμέρα: 'day'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseΛευείτης: 'Λευείτης'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ὀργάνοιςinstrumentsN2N DPN · ὄργανονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentὄργανον: 'instrument / tool / musical instrument'
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
22
καὶ ἐλάλησεν Εζεκιας ἐπὶ πᾶσαν καρδίαν τῶν Λευιτῶν καὶ τῶν συνιόντων σύνεσιν ἀγαθὴν τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ συνετέλεσαν τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας θύοντες θυσίας σωτηρίου καὶ ἐξομολογούμενοι τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν
And Hezekiah spoke to all the heart of the Levites, those who had good understanding for the Lord, and they completed the feast of unleavened bread seven days, sacrificing peace offerings and confessing to the Lord God of their fathers.
Hezekiah encourages the Levites and the feast continues with sacrifice and confession.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαλέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπί: 'on / over'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πᾶσανeveryoneA3 ASF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκαρδία: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευιτῶνΛευείτηςN1M GPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseΛευείτης: 'Λευείτης'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
συνιόντωνpapgpm eimi + synV9 · παπγπμ εἰμί + συνmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπγπμ εἰμί + συν: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goalσύνεσις: 'understanding / insight'
ἀγαθὴνgoodA1 ASF · ἀγαθόςadjectival modifierἀγαθός: 'good'
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
συνετέλεσανcompleteVAI AAI3P · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the clauseτελέω + συν: 'complete'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑορτὴνfeastN1 ASF · ἑορτήproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEortais: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀζύμωνunleavenedA1B GPM · ἄζυμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάcommon noun within the clauseἑπτά: 'seven'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
θύοντεςthyoV1 · παπνπμ θύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionθύω: "sacrifice"; the participle accompanies the ongoing festal offering of peace sacrifices.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A APF · θυσίαaccusative complementThysias: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
σωτηρίουpeace offeringN2N GSN · σωτήριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionσωτήριον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐξομολογούμενοιpmpnpm omologeo + ekV2 · πμπνπμ ὁμολογέω + ἐκmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπμπνπμ ὁμολογέω + ἐκ: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: the standard Septuagint rendering of the divine name; here the LORD is the decisive agent behind judgment, appointment, and deliverance.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: 'God'
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: 'father'
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
23
καὶ ἐβουλεύσατο ἡ ἐκκλησία ἅμα ποιῆσαι ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἄλλας καὶ ἐποίησαν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ
And the whole assembly took counsel together to keep another seven days, and they kept the seven days with gladness.
Joy generates prolongation. The people choose more worship rather than hurrying home.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionβουλεύω (mid. ἐβουλεύσατο): 'take counsel / deliberate / resolve'
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
ἅμαat the same time / perhapsD · ἅμαadverbἅμα: 'at once / withal'; here loosely 'and also / perhaps', heaping up the mocking possibilities.
ποιῆσαιto make / offerVA AAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάcommon noun within the clauseἑπτά: 'seven'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἄλλαςotherRD APF · ἄλλοςpredicate nominative (no other god / power exists like the Lord)ἄλλος: 'another / other'; the incomparability declaration — there is no other like the Lord.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: 'do'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάcommon noun within the clauseἑπτά: 'seven'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: 'day'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εὐφροσύνῃgladnessN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentεὐφροσύνη: 'gladness / joy / good cheer'
24
ὅτι Εζεκιας ἀπήρξατο τῷ Ιουδα τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ μόσχους χιλίους καὶ ἑπτακισχίλια πρόβατα καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες ἀπήρξαντο τῷ λαῷ μόσχους χιλίους καὶ πρόβατα δέκα χιλιάδας καὶ τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἱερέων εἰς πλῆθος
For Hezekiah contributed to the assembly of Judah one thousand bulls and seven thousand sheep, and the rulers contributed to the people one thousand bulls and ten thousand sheep, and the holy gifts of the priests were in abundance.
Leadership gives materially so that the assembly can continue in abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationὅτι: 'that / because'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕζεκιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ezekias".
ἀπήρξατοarcho + apoVAI AMI3S · ἄρχω + ἀποmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄρχω + ἀπο: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable itemJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίᾳassemblyN1A DSF · ἐκκλησίαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
μόσχουςbull-calvesN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalμόσχος: 'young bull'
χιλίουςthousandA1A APM · χίλιοιadjectival modifierChilioys: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἑπτακισχίλιαseven thousandA1A APN · ἑπτακισχίλιοιadjectival modifierἑπτακισχίλιοι: 'seven thousand'.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: 'sheep'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clauseἄρχων: 'chief'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἀπήρξαντοarcho + apoVAI AMI3P · ἄρχω + ἀποmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄρχω + ἀπο: verbal form in this clause, advancing the narrative, command, or cultic action in view.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
μόσχουςbull-calvesN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalμόσχος: 'young bull'
χιλίουςthousandA1A APM · χίλιοιadjectival modifierChilioys: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object or goalπρόβατον: 'sheep'
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or listδέκα: 'ten'
χιλιάδαςchiliasN3D APF · χιλίαςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalχιλιάς: "thousand"; a counting term underscoring the abundance supplied for the extended feast.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἅγιαholyA1A APN · ἅγιοςadjectival or ordinal modifierἅγιος: 'holy'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsN3V GPM · ἱερεύςcommon noun within the clauseἱερεύς: 'priest'; the sacrificial and temple-serving office descended through Aaron.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπλῆθος: 'multitude / great number'
25
καὶ ηὐφράνθη πᾶσα ἡ ἐκκλησία οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται καὶ πᾶσα ἡ ἐκκλησία Ιουδα καὶ οἱ εὑρεθέντες ἐξ Ισραηλ καὶ οἱ προσήλυτοι οἱ ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ γῆς Ισραηλ καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ιουδα
And all the assembly rejoiced, the priests and the Levites, and all the assembly of Judah, and those found from Israel, and the proselytes who had come from the land of Israel, and those dwelling in Judah.
The feast gathers Judah, Israelites, and resident outsiders into a single rejoicing body.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ηὐφράνθηrejoiceVCI API3S · εὐφραίνωfinite verb advancing the clauseεὐφραίνω: 'rejoice'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
πᾶσαeveryoneA3 NSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseΛευείτης: 'Λευείτης'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
πᾶσαeveryoneA3 NSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: 'all'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clauseΙουδα: indeclinable
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὑρεθέντεςfindVC · αππνπμ εὑρίσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionεὑρίσκω: "find"; those found from Israel are the northerners actually present and sharing the joy.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐκ (ἐξ): 'from.'
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
προσήλυτοιresident alienN2 NPM · προσήλυτοςcommon noun within the clauseπροσήλυτος: 'resident alien'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or administrative discourse.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐλθόντεςgoing / having goneVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἔρχομαι: 'come / go'
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
γῆςland / earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionγῆ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςinhabitants / dwellersV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple or verbal form modifying the clauseπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: 'inhabitants / dwellers'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable itemJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in this roster or narrative context.
26
καὶ ἐγένετο εὐφροσύνη μεγάλη ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ ἡμερῶν Σαλωμων υἱοῦ Δαυιδ βασιλέως Ισραηλ οὐκ ἐγένετο τοιαύτη ἑορτὴ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And there was great gladness in Jerusalem, for from the days of Solomon son of David king of Israel there had not been the like of this feast in Jerusalem.
The comparison to Solomon marks the feast as a high point of restored covenant life.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
εὐφροσύνηeuphrosyneN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemεὐφροσύνη: lexical form glossed 'euphrosyne'; nominal element in the present context.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifierμέγας: 'great'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπό: 'from'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡμερῶνdaysN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἡμέρα: 'day'
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSolomon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: 'son'; the basic genealogical noun for descent and household membership throughout Chronicles.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceDavid: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; the royal title borne by Saul or David in these chapters.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: transliterated proper name preserved in the genealogical, cultic, or martial register of this chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: 'not'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: 'it happened'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τοιαύτηtoioytosA1 NSF · τοιοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemτοιοῦτος: "toioytos"; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal-administrative discourse.
ἑορτὴfeastN1 NSF · ἑορτήproper name or indeclinable element within the sequenceEortais: transliterated proper name preserved in the narrative or cultic register of this chapter.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: 'in'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clauseΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable
27
καὶ ἀνέστησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ Λευῖται καὶ ηὐλόγησαν τὸν λαόν καὶ ἐπηκούσθη ἡ φωνὴ αὐτῶν καὶ ἦλθεν ἡ προσευχὴ αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ κατοικητήριον τὸ ἅγιον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν
And the priests, the Levites, arose and blessed the people, and their voice was heard, and their prayer came to his holy dwelling-place, to heaven.
The feast ends with a vertical seal: the blessing is heard and the prayer reaches God's holy dwelling.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἀνέστησανraise upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: 'raise up'; a regular verbal item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: 'priest'
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseΛευείτης: 'Λευείτης'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's narrative, cultic, or royal discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ηὐλόγησανblessedVAI AAI3P · εὐλογέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεὐλογέω: 'bless'
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: 'people'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἐπηκούσθηhear favorablyVCI API3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: 'hear favorably'; used here in its ordinary sense within the genealogical or historical notice.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemφωνή: "voice"; the priests' audible blessing is explicitly heard and received.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: 'and'; the standard coordinating conjunction that links names, clauses, and actions throughout these genealogical and narrative units.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι: 'come'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
προσευχὴprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήsubject nominativeπροσευχή: "prayer"; the closing priestly prayer ascends from Jerusalem to God's holy dwelling in heaven.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κατοικητήριονdwelling placeN2 ASN · κατοικητήριονcommon noun for God's dwelling or habitationκατοικητήριον: "dwelling-place / habitation"; here the heavenly holy dwelling from which God hears prayer and receives worship.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἅγιονholyA1A ASN · ἅγιοςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveἅγιος: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: personal or intensive pronoun ('he/she/it, his/her/its, same'); here it points back to the participant already in view.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: 'into / to'; a regular lexical item in this chapter's genealogical, cultic, or martial discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementοὐρανός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.