1
καὶ μετὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ταύτην ἦλθεν Σενναχηριμ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων καὶ ἦλθεν ἐπὶ Ιουδαν καὶ παρενέβαλεν ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις τὰς τειχήρεις καὶ εἶπεν προκαταλαβέσθαι αὐτάς
After these matters and this faithfulness, Sennacherib king of the Assyrians came and invaded Judah, encamped against the fortified cities, and intended to break into them for himself.
Chronicles deliberately places the invasion after Hezekiah's proven fidelity, making the crisis a test of trust rather than a punishment for apostasy.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τούτουςthisRD APM · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλήθειανtruthN1A ASF · ἀλήθειαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
Σενναχηριμof SennacheribN NSM · Σενναχηριμgenitive of source (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source (indeclinable proper noun).
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive of relationship (with βασιλεύς)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with βασιλεύς).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρενέβαλενencamped / pitched campVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + παρα + ἐνmain verb (singular with collective subject Ισραηλ)→ constative aoristβάλλω + παρα + ἐν: meaning 'encamped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (singular with collective subject Ισραηλ).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τειχήρειςfortifiedA3H APF · τειχήρηςattributive adjective (walled cities)→ content focusτειχήρης: meaning 'fortified'; it serves as attributive adjective (walled cities).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
προκαταλαβέσθαιto seize beforehandVB AMN · λαμβάνω + προ + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist middle infinitiveλαμβάνω + προ + κατα: meaning 'to seize beforehand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτάςhisRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτάς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
2
καὶ εἶδεν Εζεκιας ὅτι ἥκει Σενναχηριμ καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τοῦ πολεμῆσαι ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ
And Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib had come and that his face was set to fight against Jerusalem.
The king does not deny the seriousness of the situation. Faith begins here with sober perception of danger.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥκειarriveV1 PAI3S · ἥκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω: meaning 'arrive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
Σενναχηριμof SennacheribN NSM · Σενναχηριμgenitive of source (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμῆσαιmake war / fightVA AAN · πολεμέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist infinitive of intended campaignπολεμέω: meaning 'make war'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
3
καὶ ἐβουλεύσατο μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν δυνατῶν ἐμφράξαι τὰ ὕδατα τῶν πηγῶν ἃ ἦν ἔξω τῆς πόλεως καὶ συνεπίσχυσαν αὐτῷ
And he took counsel with his elders and his mighty men to stop the waters of the springs that were outside the city, and they helped him.
Hezekiah's trust in God does not exclude practical wisdom. The leaders cooperate in a plan that limits Assyrian advantage.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionβουλεύω: meaning 'took counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersN2 GPM · πρεσβύτεροςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνατῶνof the mightyA1 GPM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationδυνατός: meaning 'of the mighty'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐμφράξαιto stop upVA AAN · φράσσω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clauseφράσσω + ἐν: meaning 'to stop up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὕδαταwatersN3T APN · ὕδωρsubject of the first ἐπάγη→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as subject of the first ἐπάγη.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγῶνof springsN1 GPF · πηγήgenitive (attributive/partitive: 'deeps of springs')→ relational specificationπηγή: meaning 'of springs'; it serves as genitive (attributive/partitive: 'deeps of springs').
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεπίσχυσανthey helpedVA · ααπασν ἰσχύω + συν + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseααπασν ἰσχύω + συν + ἐπι: meaning 'they helped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
4
καὶ συνήγαγεν λαὸν πολὺν καὶ ἐνέφραξεν τὰ ὕδατα τῶν πηγῶν καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν διορίζοντα διὰ τῆς πόλεως λέγων μὴ ἔλθῃ βασιλεὺς Ασσουρ καὶ εὕρῃ ὕδωρ πολὺ καὶ κατισχύσῃ
And many people were gathered, and they stopped all the springs and the brook that flowed through the land, saying, 'Why should the kings of the Assyrians come and find much water?'
The response is communal. The whole city joins the king in denying the invader easy resources.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήγαγενgatherVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'gather'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
πολὺνmany / muchA1P ASM · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέφραξενhe blockedVAI AAI3S · φράσσω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeφράσσω + ἐν: meaning 'he blocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὕδαταwatersN3T APN · ὕδωρsubject of the first ἐπάγη→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as subject of the first ἐπάγη.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγῶνof springsN1 GPF · πηγήgenitive (attributive/partitive: 'deeps of springs')→ relational specificationπηγή: meaning 'of springs'; it serves as genitive (attributive/partitive: 'deeps of springs').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμὸνriverN2 ASM · ποταμόςaccusative object or complement→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διορίζονταsetting in orderV1 · παπασμ ὁρίζω + διαfinite verb advancing the clauseπαπασμ ὁρίζω + δια: meaning 'setting in order'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔλθῃcameVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕρῃshe findsVB AAS3S · εὑρίσκωverb of nested protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'she finds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of nested protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν).
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
πολὺmuch / manyA1P ASN · πολύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατισχύσῃbe strongVA AAS3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
5
καὶ κατίσχυσεν Εζεκιας καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν πᾶν τὸ τεῖχος τὸ κατεσκαμμένον καὶ πύργους καὶ ἔξω προτείχισμα ἄλλο καὶ κατίσχυσεν τὸ ἀνάλημμα πόλεως Δαυιδ καὶ κατεσκεύασεν ὅπλα πολλά
And he took courage and rebuilt all the wall that had been broken down, and he raised towers upon it, and another wall outside, and he strengthened the Millo in the city of David, and he made weapons and shields in abundance.
The verse piles up fortification work to show determined stewardship. Confidence in God is not passivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεῖχοςwallN3E ASN · τεῖχοςnominative of comparison (in simile)→ object specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominative of comparison (in simile).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατεσκαμμένονtorn downVX · χππασν σκάπτω + καταattributive participle (modifying θυσιαστήριον)χππασν σκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'torn down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (modifying θυσιαστήριον).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πύργουςtowerN2 APM · πύργοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant or category named within the oracleπύργος: meaning 'tower'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
προτείχισμαouter wallN3M ASN · προτείχισμαnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ object specificationπροτείχισμα: meaning 'outer wall'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἄλλοelseRD ASN · ἄλλοςadjective modifying τι (catch-all: 'anything else')→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileἄλλος: meaning 'else'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνάλημμαsupporting wallN3M ASN · ἀνάλημμαnominal element carrying the clause or phraseἀνάλημμα: meaning 'supporting wall'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεσκεύασενhe madeVAI AAI3S · σκευάζω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristσκευάζω + κατα: meaning 'he made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὅπλαweaponsN2N APN · ὅπλονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
6
καὶ ἔθετο ἄρχοντας τοῦ πολέμου ἐπὶ τὸν λαόν καὶ συνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν πλατεῖαν τῆς πύλης τῆς φάραγγος καὶ ἐλάλησεν ἐπὶ καρδίαν αὐτῶν λέγων
And he appointed military commanders over the people and gathered them to him in the square at the gate of the city, and he spoke to their heart, saying,
Hezekiah knows that walls alone will not hold Jerusalem. The people need their courage interpreted and sustained.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήχθησανwere gatheredVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'were gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλατεῖανbroad placeA3U ASF · πλατύςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseπλατύς: meaning 'broad place'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςπυληN1 GSF · πύληgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'πυλη'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγοςvalleyN3G GSF · φάραγξsubject (the Salt Valley as a topographic subject)→ relational specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'valley'; it serves as subject (the Salt Valley as a topographic subject).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
7
ἰσχύσατε καὶ ἀνδρίζεσθε μὴ πτοηθῆτε ἀπὸ προσώπου βασιλέως Ασσουρ καὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου παντὸς τοῦ ἔθνους τοῦ μετ' αὐτοῦ ὅτι μεθ' ἡμῶν πλείονες ἢ μετ' αὐτοῦ
'Be strong and courageous; do not be afraid or be dismayed before the king of the Assyrians and before all the multitude that is with him, because with us is one greater than with him.'
The exhortation echoes holy-war language. Numerical disparity is real, but it is not ultimate because the LORD's presence changes the equation.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἰσχύσατεbe strongVA AAD2P · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ imperative verbal form pressing a direct commandἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνδρίζεσθεbe courageousV1 PMD2P · ἀνδρίζομαιmain verb (exhortation)→ verbal action or stateἀνδρίζομαι: meaning 'be courageous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (exhortation).
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πτοηθῆτεπτοεωVC APS2P · πτοέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπτοέω: meaning 'πτοεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
παντὸςeveryoneA3 GSN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πλείονεςmoreA3C NPM · πολύςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'more'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἢorC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
8
μετ' αὐτοῦ βραχίονες σάρκινοι μεθ' ἡμῶν δὲ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν τοῦ σῴζειν καὶ τοῦ πολεμεῖν τὸν πόλεμον ἡμῶν καὶ κατεθάρσησεν ὁ λαὸς ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις Εζεκιου βασιλέως Ιουδα
'With him is an arm of flesh, but with us is the Lord our God to help us and to fight our battles.' And the people leaned upon the words of Hezekiah king of Judah.
This is the chapter's thesis in miniature. Trust is not vague optimism but reliance on the God who actively fights for his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
βραχίονεςarmsN3N NPM · βραχίωνnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceβραχίων: meaning 'arms'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
σάρκινοιof fleshA1 NPM · σάρκινοςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseσάρκινος: meaning 'of flesh'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῴζεινto saveV1 PAN · σώζωepexegetic infinitive (defining the unhindered action)→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'to save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as epexegetic infinitive (defining the unhindered action).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμεῖνfightV2 PAN · πολεμέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ constative aoristπολεμέω: meaning 'fight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεθάρσησενencouragedVAI AAI3S · θαρσύνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseθαρσύνω + κατα: meaning 'encouraged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΕζεκιουHezekiahN1T GSM · Εζεκιαςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ participant identificationΕζεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
9
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπέστειλεν Σενναχηριμ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπὶ Λαχις καὶ πᾶσα ἡ στρατιὰ μετ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς Εζεκιαν βασιλέα Ιουδα καὶ πρὸς πάντα Ιουδαν τὸν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ λέγων
After this Sennacherib king of the Assyrians sent his servants to Jerusalem while he was before Lachish, with all his power with him, to Hezekiah king of Judah and to all Judah that was in Jerusalem, saying,
The empire attacks not only with armies but with rhetoric. The servants carry imperial arrogance into Jerusalem's hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
Σενναχηριμof SennacheribN NSM · Σενναχηριμgenitive of source (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source (indeclinable proper noun).
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive of relationship (with βασιλεύς)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with βασιλεύς).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe / she / itRD NSM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΛαχιςLachishN ASF · Λαχιςgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΛαχις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαeveryoneA3 NSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
στρατιὰarmyN1A NSF · στρατιάsubject (coordinate with Ιωαβ)στρατιά: meaning 'army'; it serves as subject (coordinate with Ιωαβ).
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΕζεκιανEzekiasN1T ASM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
10
οὕτως λέγει Σενναχηριμ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων ἐπὶ τίνι ὑμεῖς πεποίθατε καὶ κάθησθε ἐν τῇ περιοχῇ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
'Thus says Sennacherib king of the Assyrians: On what are you trusting, that you remain under siege in Jerusalem?'
The issue is named exactly as Chronicles sees it: the contest concerns trust before it concerns walls or weapons.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
Σενναχηριμof SennacheribN NSM · Σενναχηριμgenitive of source (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source (indeclinable proper noun).
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive of relationship (with βασιλεύς)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with βασιλεύς).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
πεποίθατεdo you trustVX XAI2P · πείθωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπείθω: meaning 'do you trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάθησθεare sittingV5 PMI2P · ἧμαι + καταmain verb of the questionἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'are sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the question.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιοχῇstrongholdN1 DSF · περιοχήcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπεριοχή: meaning 'stronghold'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
11
οὐχὶ Εζεκιας ἀπατᾷ ὑμᾶς τοῦ παραδοῦναι ὑμᾶς εἰς θάνατον καὶ εἰς λιμὸν καὶ εἰς δίψαν λέγων κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν σώσει ἡμᾶς ἐκ χειρὸς βασιλέως Ασσουρ
'Is not Hezekiah deceiving you, to give you over to die by famine and thirst, saying, "The Lord our God will deliver us from the hand of the king of the Assyrians"?'
Assyria interprets covenant confidence as royal exploitation, trying to turn the people's reliance on God into suspicion of their own king.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἀπατᾷdeceivesV3 PAI3S · ἀπατάωverb of causal clauseἀπατάω: meaning 'deceives'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of causal clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδοῦναιto hand overVO AAN · δίδωμι + παραinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θάνατονdeath / pestilenceN2 ASM · θάνατοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λιμὸνfamineN2 ASM · λιμόςdirect object of κέκληκεν→ object specificationλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as direct object of κέκληκεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δίψανthirstN1S ASF · δίψαnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ object specificationδίψα: meaning 'thirst'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σώσειit will saveVF FAI3S · σώζωmain verb (the expected outcome)→ futureσώζω: meaning 'it will save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the expected outcome).
ἡμᾶςIRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
12
οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν Εζεκιας ὃς περιεῖλεν τὰ θυσιαστήρια αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν τῷ Ιουδα καὶ τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ιερουσαλημ λέγων κατέναντι τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τούτου προσκυνήσετε καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῷ θυμιάσετε
'Is it not this same Hezekiah who removed his high places and his altars and said to Judah and to Jerusalem, "Before one altar you shall worship, and upon it you shall burn incense"?'
The speech reveals pagan misunderstanding. Centralized worship is treated as irreverence because Assyria cannot imagine covenantal exclusivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οὗτόςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ participant referenceοὗτός: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
περιεῖλενremovedVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + περιmain verb (the total removal of the dog-fly)→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαἱρέω + περι: meaning 'removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the total removal of the dog-fly).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θυσιαστήριαaltarN2N APN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun within the clauseθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑψηλὰhigh placesA1 APN · ὑψηλόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'high places'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατοικοῦσινinhabitantsV2 PAI3P · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'inhabitants'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarN2N GSN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τούτουthisRD GSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
προσκυνήσετεyou shall bow downVF FAI2P · κυνέω + προςmain verb (prohibitive future with οὐδέ)κυνέω + προς: meaning 'you shall bow down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prohibitive future with οὐδέ).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSN · αὐτόςdative of possession ('his name')→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession ('his name').
θυμιάσετεyou burn incenseVF FAI2P · θυμιάωfinite verb advancing the clauseθυμιάω: meaning 'you burn incense'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
13
οὐ γνώσεσθε ὅ τι ἐποίησα ἐγὼ καὶ οἱ πατέρες μου πᾶσι τοῖς λαοῖς τῶν χωρῶν μὴ δυνάμενοι ἠδύναντο θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν πάσης τῆς γῆς σῶσαι τὸν λαὸν αὐτῶν ἐκ χειρός μου
'Do you not know what I and my fathers did to all the peoples of the lands? Were the gods of the nations of the lands at all able to deliver their land from my hand?'
The invader reads history as proof that every god is politically limited. Assyria mistakes military record for universal theology.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γνώσεσθεyou shall knowVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκωmain verb (second apodosis)→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'you shall know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (second apodosis).
ὅwhichRR ASN · ὅςrelative pronoun, accusative (referring to σπήλαιον: 'which belongs to him')→ unenjoyed gifts and uncertain goodὅ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun, accusative (referring to σπήλαιον: 'which belongs to him').
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςaccusative object of ὑφεῖλεν (the withheld thing — nothing)→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'anything'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ὑφεῖλεν (the withheld thing — nothing).
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λαοῖςpeopleN2 DPM · λαόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χωρῶνprovinces / regionsN1A GPF · χώραgenitive (of the provinces)→ relational specificationχώρα: meaning 'provinces'; it serves as genitive (of the provinces).
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δυνάμενοιbeing ableV6 · πμπνπμ δύναμαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπμπνπμ δύναμαι: meaning 'being able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἠδύναντοdynamaiV6I IMI3P · δύναμαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ongoing verbal processδύναμαι: meaning 'dynamai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
θεοὶGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πάσηςeveryoneA3 GSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
σῶσαιto saveVA AAN · σώζωcomplementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται)→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'to save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
14
τίς ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς θεοῖς τῶν ἐθνῶν τούτων οὓς ἐξωλέθρευσαν οἱ πατέρες μου μὴ ἠδύναντο σῶσαι τὸν λαὸν αὐτῶν ἐκ χειρός μου ὅτι δυνήσεται ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν σῶσαι ὑμᾶς ἐκ χειρός μου
'Who among all the gods of those nations whom my fathers utterly destroyed was able to deliver his people from my hand, that your God should be able to deliver you from my hand?'
The taunt moves from historical observation to blasphemous certainty. Judah's God is deliberately collapsed into the category of local deities.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θεοῖςGodN2 DPM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
ἐξωλέθρευσανdestroyVAI AAI3P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠδύναντοdynamaiV6I IMI3P · δύναμαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ongoing verbal processδύναμαι: meaning 'dynamai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
σῶσαιto saveVA AAN · σώζωcomplementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται)→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'to save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνήσεταιwill be ableVF FMI3S · δύναμαιmain verb (modal: ability) with complementary infinitive→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'will be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (modal: ability) with complementary infinitive.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σῶσαιto saveVA AAN · σώζωcomplementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται)→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'to save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται).
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
15
νῦν μὴ ἀπατάτω ὑμᾶς Εζεκιας καὶ μὴ πεποιθέναι ὑμᾶς ποιείτω κατὰ ταῦτα καὶ μὴ πιστεύετε αὐτῷ ὅτι οὐ μὴ δύνηται ὁ θεὸς παντὸς ἔθνους καὶ βασιλείας τοῦ σῶσαι τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρός μου καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς πατέρων μου ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ σώσει ὑμᾶς ἐκ χειρός μου
'And now let not Hezekiah deceive you or persuade you like this, and do not believe him; for no god of any nation or kingdom was able to deliver his people from my hand and from the hand of my fathers; much less will your God deliver you from my hand.'
The invader does not merely deny Judah's chances; he denies the LORD's uniqueness and power, which turns the speech into direct blasphemy.
Word-by-word analysis· 50 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπατάτωἀπατάωV3 PAD3S · ἀπατάωfinite verb advancing the clause→ imperative verbal form pressing a direct commandἀπατάω: meaning 'ἀπατάω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πεποιθέναιtrust / relyVX XAN · πείθωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ infinitival complementπείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ποιείτωlet him doV2 PAD3S · ποιέωmain verb (third-person imperative of submission)ποιέω: meaning 'let him do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (third-person imperative of submission).
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πιστεύετεπιστεύωV1 PAI2P · πιστεύωfinite verb advancing the clauseπιστεύω: meaning 'πιστεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δύνηταιhe be ableV6 PMS3S · δύναμαιverb of the οὐ μή clause (subjunctive)→ present verbal form presenting the action as ongoing or imperfectiveδύναμαι: meaning 'he be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the οὐ μή clause (subjunctive).
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
παντὸςeveryoneA3 GSN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶσαιto saveVA AAN · σώζωcomplementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται)→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'to save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (object of ἄρξεται).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σώσειit will saveVF FAI3S · σώζωmain verb (the expected outcome)→ futureσώζω: meaning 'it will save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the expected outcome).
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
16
καὶ ἔτι ἐλάλησαν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ κύριον θεὸν καὶ ἐπὶ Εζεκιαν παῖδα αὐτοῦ
And his servants spoke still more against the Lord God and against Hezekiah his servant.
The narrative notes that Assyrian hostility spills over repeatedly. Their quarrel is with God as much as with the king.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐλάλησανspeakVAI AAI3P · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΕζεκιανEzekiasN1T ASM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
παῖδαslave-boy / servantN3D ASM · παῖςdirect object of εἰσήγαγεν (Joseph — referred to as slave-boy, not by name)→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'slave-boy'; it serves as direct object of εἰσήγαγεν (Joseph — referred to as slave-boy, not by name).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
17
καὶ βιβλίον ἔγραψεν ὀνειδίζειν τὸν κύριον θεὸν Ισραηλ καὶ εἶπεν περὶ αὐτοῦ λέγων ὡς θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς οὐκ ἐξείλαντο τοὺς λαοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκ χειρός μου οὕτως οὐ μὴ ἐξέληται ὁ θεὸς Εζεκιου λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρός μου
And he also wrote letters to insult the Lord God of Israel and to speak against him, saying, 'As the gods of the nations of the lands did not deliver their people from my hand, so the God of Hezekiah will not deliver his people from my hand.'
The letters make the blasphemy durable and public. Assyria seeks to control interpretation as thoroughly as territory.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βιβλίονbookN2N ASN · βιβλίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἔγραψενwrite downVAI AAI3S · γράφωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristγράφω: meaning 'write down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὀνειδίζεινto reproachV1 PAN · ὀνειδίζωinfinitive of purpose (with ἀπέστειλεν)→ infinitival complementὀνειδίζω: meaning 'to reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (with ἀπέστειλεν).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὡςas / likeX · ὡςsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεοὶGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξείλαντοdid they deliverVAI AMI3P · αἱρέω + ἐκmain verb (rhetorical question)αἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'did they deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (rhetorical question).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοὺςpeoplesN2 APM · λαόςdirect object of παιδεύων→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as direct object of παιδεύων.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξέληταιhe might rescueVB AMS3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverb of purpose clause→ subjunctive verbal form marking contingency, purpose, or exhortationαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'he might rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of purpose clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΕζεκιουHezekiahN1T GSM · Εζεκιαςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ participant identificationΕζεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
18
καὶ ἐβόησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Ιουδαϊστὶ ἐπὶ λαὸν Ιερουσαλημ τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους τοῦ φοβῆσαι αὐτοὺς καὶ κατασπάσαι ὅπως προκαταλάβωνται τὴν πόλιν
And they cried out with a loud voice in Judean speech to the people of Jerusalem who were on the wall, to frighten them and to trouble them, in order that they might capture the city.
This is psychological warfare. Addressing the people in Judean speech aims to bypass leadership and dissolve morale directly.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησενcry outVAI AAI3S · βοάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
μεγάλῃgreat / loudA1 DSF · μέγαςdative adjective ('loud' — modifying φωνῇ)→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative adjective ('loud' — modifying φωνῇ).
Ιουδαϊστὶin JudeanN DSF · Ἰουδαϊστίadverb of manner (the language used)Ιουδαϊστὶ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as adverb of manner (the language used).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχουςwallN3E GSN · τεῖχοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβῆσαιφοβέωVA AAN · φοβέωfinite verb advancing the clauseφοβέω: meaning 'φοβέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατασπάσαικαταVA AAN · σπάω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseσπάω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὅπωςoposC · ὅπωςproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'opos'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
προκαταλάβωνταικαταVB AMS3P · λαμβάνω + προ + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseλαμβάνω + προ + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
19
καὶ ἐλάλησεν ἐπὶ θεὸν Ιερουσαλημ ὡς καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς λαῶν τῆς γῆς ἔργα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων
And they spoke about the God of Jerusalem as about the gods of the peoples of the earth, the work of human hands.
The theological error is explicit: Assyria mistakes the living God for the sort of manufactured deity whose defeat is built into imperial conquest.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSM · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ὡςlike / asD · ὡςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'gods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
20
καὶ προσηύξατο Εζεκιας ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ Ησαιας υἱὸς Αμως ὁ προφήτης περὶ τούτων καὶ ἐβόησαν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν
And Hezekiah the king and Isaiah son of Amoz the prophet prayed concerning this and cried out to heaven.
The proper response to blasphemy is not rhetorical competition but appeal to heaven. Royal and prophetic leadership are unified here.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσηύξατοprayVAI AMI3S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist middleεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahN1T NSM · Ησαιαςsubject of εἶπεν→ participant identificationΗσαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of εἶπεν.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Αμωςof AmosN GSM · Αμωςgenitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic)→ participant identificationΑμως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic).
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησανcry outVAI AAI3P · βοάωmain verbal predicate of appeal→ aorist indicative summaryβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate of appeal.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
21
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν κύριος ἄγγελον καὶ ἐξέτριψεν πᾶν δυνατὸν πολεμιστὴν καὶ ἄρχοντα καὶ στρατηγὸν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ βασιλέως Ασσουρ καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν μετὰ αἰσχύνης προσώπου εἰς τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐξελθόντων ἐκ κοιλίας αὐτοῦ κατέβαλον αὐτὸν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ
And the Lord sent an angel and cut off every mighty warrior and leader and commander in the camp of the king of the Assyrians. So he returned with shame of face to his own land, and when he entered the house of his god, some of those who came from his own body felled him there with the sword.
The invader who mocked Jerusalem's God is humiliated before his own god and destroyed within his own house. The reversal is deliberate and complete.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἄγγελονangel / messengerN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέτριψενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · τρίβω + ἐκmain verb of the apodosis (resuming πᾶς ἄνθρωπος via αὐτόν)→ constative aoristτρίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the apodosis (resuming πᾶς ἄνθρωπος via αὐτόν).
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δυνατὸνmighty / ableA1 ASN · δυνατόςattributive adjective (with ἄνδρα)→ accusative element marking object or goalδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ἄνδρα).
πολεμιστὴνπολεμιστήςN1 ASM · πολεμιστήςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseπολεμιστής: meaning 'πολεμιστής'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρχονταruler / commanderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στρατηγὸνστρατηγόςN2 ASM · στρατηγόςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseστρατηγός: meaning 'στρατηγός'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῇcampN1 DSF · παρεμβολήdative of place (locative: 'in the camp')→ sphere or referenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the camp').
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αἰσχύνηςshameN1 GSF · αἰσχύνηgenitive (descriptive: 'prophets of the shame')→ relational specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as genitive (descriptive: 'prophets of the shame').
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξελθόντωνof those who came outVB · ααπγπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseααπγπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'of those who came out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατέβαλονthey felledVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + καταmain verb (felling the trees)→ constative aoristβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'they felled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (felling the trees).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
22
καὶ ἔσωσεν κύριος Εζεκιαν καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἐκ χειρὸς Σενναχηριμ βασιλέως Ασσουρ καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων καὶ κατέπαυσεν αὐτοὺς κυκλόθεν
And the Lord saved Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the hand of Sennacherib king of the Assyrians and from the hand of all, and he gave them rest on every side.
Chronicles names the rescue plainly: Jerusalem is not saved by clever policy alone but by divine intervention that grants surrounding peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσωσενsave / deliverVAI AAI3S · σώζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΕζεκιανEzekiasN1T ASM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
Σενναχηριμof SennacheribN GSM · Σενναχηριμgenitive of source (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source (indeclinable proper noun).
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέπαυσενgive restVAI AAI3S · παύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristπαύω + κατα: meaning 'give rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κυκλόθενround aboutD · κυκλόθενproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'round about'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
23
καὶ πολλοὶ ἔφερον δῶρα τῷ κυρίῳ εἰς Ιερουσαλημ καὶ δόματα τῷ Εζεκια βασιλεῖ Ιουδα καὶ ὑπερήρθη κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν μετὰ ταῦτα
And many were bringing gifts to the Lord to Jerusalem and choice things to Hezekiah king of Judah, and he was exalted in the eyes of all the nations after this.
The aftermath makes the theological lesson public. The nations now see both the LORD's power and Hezekiah's exalted standing.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
ἔφερονwere bringingV1I IAI3P · φέρωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionφέρω: meaning 'were bringing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationδῶρον: meaning 'gift'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόματαdomaN3M APN · δόμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόμα: meaning 'doma'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕζεκιαEzekiasN1T DSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερήρθηὑπερVCI API3S · αἴρω + ὑπερfinite verb advancing the clauseαἴρω + ὑπερ: meaning 'ὑπερ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςdirect object of δώσει (coordinate)→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as direct object of δώσει (coordinate).
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
24
ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἠρρώστησεν Εζεκιας ἕως θανάτου καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς κύριον καὶ ἐπήκουσεν αὐτοῦ καὶ σημεῖον ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ
In those days Hezekiah became sick unto death, and he prayed to the Lord, and he answered him and gave him a sign.
The king who survived Assyria cannot master sickness. Once again his life depends entirely on the LORD's merciful response.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ἐκείναιςthatRD DPF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun referring within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείναις: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ἠρρώστησενfell illVAI AAI3S · ἀρρωστέωmain verb (cognate construction)ἀρρωστέω: meaning 'fell ill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (cognate construction).
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσηύξατοprayVAI AMI3S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist middleεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σημεῖονsignN2 ASN · σημεῖονpredicate nominative (the sign)→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'sign'; it serves as predicate nominative (the sign).
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
25
καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὸ ἀνταπόδομα ὃ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἀνταπέδωκεν Εζεκιας ἀλλὰ ὑψώθη ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὀργὴ καὶ ἐπὶ Ιουδαν καὶ Ιερουσαλημ
But Hezekiah did not make return according to the benefit done to him, because his heart was lifted up; and wrath came upon him and upon Judah and Jerusalem.
Chronicles refuses hagiography. Even a healed and delivered king can fail to answer grace with fitting humility.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνταπόδομαἀνταπόδομαN3M ASN · ἀνταπόδομαnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ nations judged and zion securedἀνταπόδομα: meaning 'ἀνταπόδομα'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSM · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἀνταπέδωκενhas repaid / requitedVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'has repaid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψώθηexaltVCI API3S · ὑψόωinfinitive→ constative aoristὑψόω: meaning 'exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASM · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
26
καὶ ἐταπεινώθη Εζεκιας ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕψους τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ιερουσαλημ καὶ οὐκ ἐπῆλθεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ὀργὴ κυρίου ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Εζεκιου
And Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the Lord did not come upon them in the days of Hezekiah.
The king's repentance matters, but the wording implies that judgment is postponed rather than abolished. Humility does not erase the seriousness of pride.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπεινώθηταπεινόωVCI API3S · ταπεινόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'ταπεινόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψουςheight / on highN3E GSM · ὕψοςgenitive object of ἐξ ('from on high')ὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as genitive object of ἐξ ('from on high').
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπῆλθενhas comeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιmain verb (the distress coming upon them as retribution)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'has come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the distress coming upon them as retribution).
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ΕζεκιουHezekiahN1T GSM · Εζεκιαςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ participant identificationΕζεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.
27
καὶ ἐγένετο τῷ Εζεκια πλοῦτος καὶ δόξα πολλὴ σφόδρα καὶ θησαυροὺς ἐποίησεν ἑαυτῷ ἀργυρίου καὶ χρυσίου καὶ τοῦ λίθου τοῦ τιμίου καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀρώματα καὶ ὁπλοθήκας καὶ εἰς σκεύη ἐπιθυμητὰ
And Hezekiah had very great riches and honor, and he made for himself treasuries for silver and gold and precious stones and spices and shields and every desirable article,
The inventory makes visible the magnitude of his success, which also helps explain why prosperity became spiritually testing.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕζεκιαEzekiasN1T DSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολλὴmuchA1 NSF · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἑαυτῷhimselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'himself'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθουstoneN2 GSM · λίθοςgenitive of material (coordinate with χρυσίου: 'and precious stone')→ genitive element marking relation or specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive of material (coordinate with χρυσίου: 'and precious stone').
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τιμίουpreciousA1A GSM · τίμιοςattributive adjective (with λίθου: 'precious stone')→ companionship, resilience, and diligent stewardshipτίμιος: meaning 'precious'; it serves as attributive adjective (with λίθου: 'precious stone').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀρώματαspicesN3M APM · ἄρωμαcommon noun within the clauseἄρωμα: meaning 'spices'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁπλοθήκαςὁπλοθήκηN1 APF · ὁπλοθήκηnominal element carrying the clause or phraseὁπλοθήκη: meaning 'ὁπλοθήκη'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπιθυμητὰdesirableA1 APN · ἐπιθυμητόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ siege, plunder, and imperial collapseἐπιθυμητός: meaning 'desirable'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
28
καὶ πόλεις εἰς τὰ γενήματα σίτου καὶ ἐλαίου καὶ οἴνου καὶ φάτνας παντὸς κτήνους καὶ μάνδρας εἰς τὰ ποίμνια
and storehouses for the produce of grain and wine and oil, and stalls for all kinds of beasts, and folds for flocks.
The listing continues from treasure to agricultural and pastoral plenty, underscoring comprehensive royal blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
γενήματαproduceN3M APN · γένημαsubject (agricultural fertility)→ object specificationγένημα: meaning 'produce'; it serves as subject (agricultural fertility).
σίτουgrainN2 GSM · σῖτοςgenitive of content (fill with grain)→ relational specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as genitive of content (fill with grain).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαίουoilN2N GSN · ἔλαιονcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάτναςφάτνηN1 APF · φάτνηnominal element carrying the clause or phraseφάτνη: meaning 'φάτνη'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
παντὸςeveryoneA3 GSN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
κτήνουςlivestockN3E GSN · κτῆνοςgenitive (second term in range)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'livestock'; it serves as genitive (second term in range).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάνδραςfoldA1A APF · μάνδραgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionμάνδρα: meaning 'fold'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ποίμνιαflocksN2N APN · ποίμνιονsubject (in apposition)→ nominal, pronominal, or adjectival contribution to the oracle's imagery and argumentποίμνιον: meaning 'flocks'; it serves as subject (in apposition).
29
καὶ πόλεις ἃς ᾠκοδόμησεν αὑτῷ καὶ ἀποσκευὴν προβάτων καὶ βοῶν εἰς πλῆθος ὅτι ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κύριος ἀποσκευὴν πολλὴν σφόδρα
And he made cities for himself and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance, because God gave him very much substance.
The Chronicler will not allow wealth to be detached from gift. What Hezekiah has came from God, not merely from policy or conquest.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἃςwho / whichRR APF · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὑτῷto himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdative of advantage (reflexive: 'for himself')→ Davidic hope and righteous kingshipαὑτῷ: meaning 'to himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (reflexive: 'for himself').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποσκευὴνproperty / baggageN1 ASF · ἀποσκευήaccusative object or complementἀποσκευή: meaning 'property'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
προβάτωνsheepN2N GPN · πρόβατονgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοῶνcattleN3 GPM · βοῦςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationβοῦς: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as genitive dependent.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative object or complement→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀποσκευὴνproperty / baggageN1 ASF · ἀποσκευήaccusative object or complementἀποσκευή: meaning 'property'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
πολλὴνmuchA1 ASF · πολύςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
30
αὐτὸς Εζεκιας ἐνέφραξεν τὴν ἔξοδον τοῦ ὕδατος Γιων τὸ ἄνω καὶ κατηύθυνεν αὐτὰ κάτω πρὸς λίβα τῆς πόλεως Δαυιδ καὶ εὐοδώθη Εζεκιας ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ
This same Hezekiah stopped the upper outlet of the waters of Gihon and directed them down on the west side of the city of David, and Hezekiah prospered in all his work.
The engineering note returns the reader to the siege setting while also illustrating the broad competence of the king's reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
αὐτὸςhe / she / itRD NSM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐνέφραξενhe blockedVAI AAI3S · φράσσω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeφράσσω + ἐν: meaning 'he blocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔξοδονgoing outN2 ASF · ἔξοδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἔξοδος: meaning 'going out'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΓιωνGihonN GS · Γιωνaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)Γιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνωanoD · ἄνωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἄνω: meaning 'ano'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατηύθυνενestablish / directVAI AAI3S · εὐθυν́ω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεὐθυν́ω + κατα: meaning 'establish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
κάτωlowerD · κάτωcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ discourse linkage or contrastκάτω: meaning 'lower'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
λίβαsouth / southwestN3 ASM · λίψaccusative object of πρός (direction)→ object specificationλίψ: meaning 'south'; it serves as accusative object of πρός (direction).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐοδώθηprosperVC API3S · εὐοδόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aorist passive of successful progressεὐοδόω: meaning 'prosper'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσιallA3 DPN · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
31
καὶ οὕτως τοῖς πρεσβευταῖς τῶν ἀρχόντων ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος τοῖς ἀποσταλεῖσιν πρὸς αὐτὸν πυθέσθαι παρ' αὐτοῦ τὸ τέρας ὃ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐγκατέλιπεν αὐτὸν κύριος τοῦ πειράσαι αὐτὸν εἰδέναι τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ
And so in the matter of the envoys of the rulers of Babylon, who sent to inquire about the sign that had happened in the land, God left him, to test him, to know all that was in his heart.
What Assyria could not reveal, prosperity and curiosity can. The test concerns the unseen condition of Hezekiah's heart before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πρεσβευταῖςπρεσβευτήςN1M DPM · πρεσβευτήςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseπρεσβευτής: meaning 'πρεσβευτής'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'of rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonN3W GSM · Βαβυλώνgenitive of place (defining βασιλεὺς)Βαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of place (defining βασιλεὺς).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀποσταλεῖσινἀποVC · αππδπμ στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseαππδπμ στέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πυθέσθαιto inquireVB AMN · πυνθάνομαιinfinitive of purpose (goal of the journey)πυνθάνομαι: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (goal of the journey).
παρ'from / besideP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέραςsign / wonderN3T ASN · τέραςdirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationτέρας: meaning 'sign'; it serves as direct object of ἔδωκεν.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSM · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκατέλιπενthey forsookVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πειράσαιto testVA AAN · πειράζωinfinitive of purpose (with ὥστε)πειράζω: meaning 'to test'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (with ὥστε).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰδέναιto knowV XAN · οἶδαinfinitive of purpose (with πειράζει: 'tests… to know')οἶδα: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (with πειράζει: 'tests… to know').
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
32
καὶ τὰ κατάλοιπα τῶν λόγων Εζεκιου καὶ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ ἰδοὺ γέγραπται ἐν τῇ προφητείᾳ Ησαιου υἱοῦ Αμως τοῦ προφήτου καὶ ἐπὶ βιβλίου βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ Ισραηλ
And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah and his deeds of mercy, behold, they are written in the vision of Isaiah son of Amoz the prophet and in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
The summary emphasizes not only power but merciful deeds, preserving Hezekiah as a king to be remembered through inspired and historical witness.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατάλοιπαrest / remainderA1B NPN · κατάλοιποςsubstantival adjective (catch-all item of the charge)κατάλοιπος: meaning 'rest'; it serves as substantival adjective (catch-all item of the charge).
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ΕζεκιουHezekiahN1T GSM · Εζεκιαςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ participant identificationΕζεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςsteadfast love / mercyN2 NSN · ἔλεοςdirect object of κατέχεεν ('steadfast love' — the theological keyword)ἔλεος: meaning 'steadfast love'; it serves as direct object of κατέχεεν ('steadfast love' — the theological keyword).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γέγραπταιwrite downVP XMI3S · γράφωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateγράφω: meaning 'write down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφητείᾳπροφητείαN1A DSF · προφητείαnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceπροφητεία: meaning 'προφητεία'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ΗσαιουΗσαιαςN1T GSM · Ησαιαςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ trembling remembrance and saving theophanyΗσαιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
Αμωςof AmosN GSM · Αμωςgenitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic)→ participant identificationΑμως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
βιβλίουbookN2N GSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
33
καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Εζεκιας μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν ἀναβάσει τάφων υἱῶν Δαυιδ καὶ δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ αὐτοῦ πᾶς Ιουδα καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Μανασσης υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ
And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the ascent of the tombs of the sons of David, and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem gave him honor at his death. And Manasseh his son reigned in his place.
The burial notice contrasts sharply with dishonored kings elsewhere in Chronicles. Hezekiah's memory closes in public esteem, though his successor will reverse much of his work.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοιμήθηsleepVCI API3S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeκοιμάω: meaning 'sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθαψανthey buriedVAI AAI3P · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθάπτω: meaning 'they buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀναβάσειascentN3I DSF · ἀνάβασιςdative of place (the route of ascent)→ sphere or referenceἀνάβασις: meaning 'ascent'; it serves as dative of place (the route of ascent).
τάφωνtombsN2 GPM · τάφοςobject of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationτάφος: meaning 'tombs'; it serves as object of ἐκ (source).
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιμὴνa priceN1 ASF · τιμήdirect object of δώσεις→ object specificationτιμή: meaning 'a price'; it serves as direct object of δώσεις.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of allotment or gift.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανάτῳby death / surelyN2 DSM · θάνατοςcognate dative (Hebraism, intensifying ἀποθανεῖται)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: meaning 'by death'; it serves as cognate dative (Hebraism, intensifying ἀποθανεῖται).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ΙουδαJudahN NSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀντ'in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'in place of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.