1
ὢν δέκα δύο ἐτῶν Μανασσης ἐν τῷ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα πέντε ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem.
The unusually lengthy reign heightens the gravity of what follows: prolonged royal influence will mean prolonged corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: meaning 'to make king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastπεντήκοντα: meaning 'fifty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
2
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐναντίον κυρίου ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν βδελυγμάτων τῶν ἐθνῶν οὓς ἐξωλέθρευσεν κύριος ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ
And he did what was evil before the Lord, according to all the abominations of the nations whom the Lord destroyed from before the sons of Israel.
Chronicles frames the king as reversing conquest itself: Judah's ruler becomes like the peoples once judged and removed.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
βδελυγμάτωνabominationsN3M GPN · βδέλυγμαobject of ἕνεκεν (cause of dispossession)→ relational specificationβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as object of ἕνεκεν (cause of dispossession).
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
ἐξωλέθρευσενdestroyVAI AAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
3
καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν τὰ ὑψηλά ἃ κατέσπασεν Εζεκιας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔστησεν στήλας ταῖς Βααλιμ καὶ ἐποίησεν ἄλση καὶ προσεκύνησεν πάσῃ τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐδούλευσεν αὐτοῖς
And he turned again and rebuilt the high places that Hezekiah his father had pulled down, and he erected pillars to the Baals and made Asherim and bowed down to all the host of heaven and served them.
The verse emphasizes reversal. Manasseh is not merely negligent; he intentionally rebuilds what faithful kings had destroyed.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑψηλάlofty things / haughtilyA1 APN · ὑψηλόςneuter plural adjective as object/adverbial (content of speech)→ reversal, exultation, and divine kingshipὑψηλός: meaning 'lofty things'; it serves as neuter plural adjective as object/adverbial (content of speech).
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατέσπασενσπάωVAI AAI3S · σπάω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristσπάω + κατα: meaning 'σπάω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
στήλαςpillarsN1 APF · στήληdirect object of συντρίψετεστήλη: meaning 'pillars'; it serves as direct object of συντρίψετε.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Βααλιμthe Baalim / the BaalsN DPF · Βααλιμdative object of ἐλάτρευσαν (indeclinable, case marked by article τοῖς)Βααλιμ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἄλσηsacred groves / AsherimN3E APN · ἄλσοςdirect object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted)→ content focusἄλσος: meaning 'sacred groves'; it serves as direct object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεκύνησενbow down beforeVAI AAI3S · κυνέω + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristκυνέω + προς: meaning 'bow down before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πάσῃallA3 DSF · πᾶςattributive adjective (with γῇ)πᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with γῇ).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατιᾷarmyN1A DSF · στρατιάdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceστρατιά: meaning 'army'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδούλευσενservedVAI AAI3S · δουλεύωmain verb (the people's faithful service)→ constative aoristδουλεύω: meaning 'served'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the people's faithful service).
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
4
καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν θυσιαστήρια ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου οὗ εἶπεν κύριος ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἔσται τὸ ὄνομά μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
And he built altars in the house of the Lord, of which the Lord had said, 'In Jerusalem shall my name be forever.'
The sin is aggravated by direct contradiction of the temple's divine claim. The place of the Name is treated as available for rival worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
θυσιαστήριαaltarN2N APN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun within the clauseθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
5
καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν θυσιαστήρια πάσῃ τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν αὐλαῖς οἴκου κυρίου
And he built altars to all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the Lord.
The temple courts become a theater for astral religion, showing how completely sacred space has been redefined by the king's rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
θυσιαστήριαaltarN2N APN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun within the clauseθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πάσῃallA3 DSF · πᾶςattributive adjective (with γῇ)πᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with γῇ).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατιᾷarmyN1A DSF · στρατιάdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceστρατιά: meaning 'army'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυσὶνtwoM · δύοcardinal numeral, dativeδύο: meaning 'two'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐλαῖςcourtN1 DPF · αὐλήdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceαὐλή: meaning 'court'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
6
καὶ αὐτὸς διήγαγεν τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ ἐν πυρὶ ἐν Γαι-βαναι-εννομ καὶ ἐκληδονίζετο καὶ οἰωνίζετο καὶ ἐφαρμακεύετο καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐγγαστριμύθους καὶ ἐπαοιδούς ἐπλήθυνεν τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ πονηρὸν ἐναντίον κυρίου τοῦ παροργίσαι αὐτόν
And he made his sons pass through fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and he practiced divination and augury and sorcery and dealt with mediums and spiritists. He did much evil before the Lord to provoke him.
The chapter piles up violations to show not isolated lapses but a deliberate anti-Torah religious program meant only to provoke God.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe / she / itRD NSM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
διήγαγενmade them pass throughVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + διαmain verb (passing them through the brick-kiln)→ constative aoristἄγω + δια: meaning 'made them pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (passing them through the brick-kiln).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Γαι-βαναι-εννομValley-of-the-son-of-HinnomN DS · Γαι-βαναι-εννονproper name within the narrative or royal registerΓαι-βαναι-εννομ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or royal register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκληδονίζετοhe practised soothsayingV1I IMI3S · κληδονίζωmain verb (forbidden divination)κληδονίζω: meaning 'he practised soothsaying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (forbidden divination).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰωνίζετοhe practised auguryV1 IMI3S · οἰωνίζομαιmain verb (forbidden divination)οἰωνίζομαι: meaning 'he practised augury'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (forbidden divination).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφαρμακεύετοpracticed sorceryV1I IMI3S · φαρμακεύωfinite verb advancing the clauseφαρμακεύω: meaning 'practiced sorcery'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐγγαστριμύθουςmediumsA1B APM · ἐγγαστρίμυθοςdirect object of περιεῖλεν→ object specificationἐγγαστρίμυθος: meaning 'mediums'; it serves as direct object of περιεῖλεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαοιδούςenchantersN2 APM · ἐπαοιδόςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseἐπαοιδός: meaning 'enchanters'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἐπλήθυνενincreased / grew greatV1I IAI3S · πληθύνωmain verb (intensifying continuation)→ ongoing verbal processπληθύνω: meaning 'increased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (intensifying continuation).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παροργίσαιto provoke to angerVA AAN · ὀργίζω + παραinfinitive of result/purpose ('so as to provoke him')→ infinitival complementὀργίζω + παρα: meaning 'to provoke to anger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of result/purpose ('so as to provoke him').
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
7
καὶ ἔθηκεν τὸ γλυπτὸν καὶ τὸ χωνευτόν εἰκόνα ἣν ἐποίησεν ἐν οἴκῳ θεοῦ οὗ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Δαυιδ καὶ πρὸς Σαλωμων υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ καὶ Ιερουσαλημ ἣν ἐξελεξάμην ἐκ πασῶν φυλῶν Ισραηλ θήσω τὸ ὄνομά μου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
And he set the carved image, the idol that he had made, in the house of God, of which God had said to David and to Solomon his son, 'In this house and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will put my name forever.'
The contrast between divine election and human fabrication gives the act its full horror. The temple is asked to host what God forbids.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθηκενtithemiVAI AAI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'tithemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτὸνa carved imageA1 ASN · γλυπτόςsubject of ἔστινγλυπτός: meaning 'a carved image'; it serves as subject of ἔστιν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χωνευτόνa cast idolA1 ASN · χωνευτόςsubject of ἔστινχωνευτός: meaning 'a cast idol'; it serves as subject of ἔστιν.
εἰκόναimageN3N ASF · εἰκώνaccusative (object of κατά: 'according to image')→ object specificationεἰκών: meaning 'image'; it serves as accusative (object of κατά: 'according to image').
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSalomonN ASM · Σαλωμώνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
ἐξελεξάμηνchooseVAI AMI1S · λέγω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πασῶνallA3 GPF · πᾶςcommon noun within the clauseπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
φυλῶνtribeN1 GPF · φυλήgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιmain verb (divine promise of borders)→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'I will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine promise of borders).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
8
καὶ οὐ προσθήσω σαλεῦσαι τὸν πόδα Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἧς ἔδωκα τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν πλὴν ἐὰν φυλάσσωνται τοῦ ποιῆσαι πάντα ἃ ἐνετειλάμην αὐτοῖς κατὰ πάντα τὸν νόμον καὶ τὰ προστάγματα καὶ τὰ κρίματα ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ
'And I will no longer remove the foot of Israel from the land that I appointed for your fathers, if only they take care to do all that I commanded them, all the law and the statutes and the ordinances given by the hand of Moses.'
This remembered promise makes Manasseh's sin intelligible as covenant violation. Stability in the land was tied to obedience, not dynastic presumption.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
προσθήσωaddVF FAI1S · τίθημι + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: meaning 'add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
σαλεῦσαιto move / shakeVA AAN · σαλεύωcomplementary articular infinitive (with προσθήσω)σαλεύω: meaning 'to move'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary articular infinitive (with προσθήσω).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαfootN3D ASM · πούςdirect object of βάψει ('he will dip his foot')→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as direct object of βάψει ('he will dip his foot').
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πατράσινfatherN3 DPM · πατήρcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ἐὰνεανC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'εαν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάσσωνταιthey should keepV1 PMS3P · φυλάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'they should keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνετειλάμηντέλλωVAI AMI1S · τέλλω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clauseτέλλω + ἐν: meaning 'τέλλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοῖςhe / she / itRD DPM · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
προστάγματαcommandmentN3M APN · πρόσταγμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κρίματαjudgmentN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΜωυσῆ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
9
καὶ ἐπλάνησεν Μανασσης τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Ιερουσαλημ τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὸ πονηρὸν ὑπὲρ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἃ ἐξῆρεν κύριος ἀπὸ προσώπου υἱῶν Ισραηλ
And Manasseh led Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem astray, to do more evil than the nations whom the Lord destroyed from before the sons of Israel.
The king is not judged privately. His guilt lies in becoming an active seducer of Judah into surpassing pagan wickedness.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλάνησενled astrayVAI AAI3S · πλανάωmain verb (Manasseh's seduction of the people)→ constative aoristπλανάω: meaning 'led astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Manasseh's seduction of the people).
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξῆρενremove / drive outVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal predicate→ constative aoristαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
10
καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος ἐπὶ Μανασση καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐπήκουσαν
And the Lord spoke to Manasseh and to his people, but they did not listen.
Chronicles notes divine speech before divine punishment. The coming catastrophe is therefore judicially deserved, not arbitrary.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Μανασσηof ManassehN ASM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπήκουσανhear favorablyVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
11
καὶ ἤγαγεν κύριος ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῆς δυνάμεως βασιλέως Ασσουρ καὶ κατέλαβον τὸν Μανασση ἐν δεσμοῖς καὶ ἔδησαν αὐτὸν ἐν πέδαις καὶ ἤγαγον εἰς Βαβυλῶνα
Therefore the Lord brought upon them the commanders of the army of the king of the Assyrians, and they captured Manasseh with hooks and bound him with bronze fetters and carried him off to Babylon.
The king who exalted himself in idolatry is physically reduced and led away. Judgment strikes both body and throne.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγενbringVBI AAI3S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςmightN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'might'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέλαβονλαμβάνωVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Μανασσηof ManassehN ASM · Μανασσήproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δεσμοῖςfettersN2 DPM · δεσμόςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceδεσμός: meaning 'fetters'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδησανformed / boundVAI AAI3P · δέωmain verb (idiom with σύνδεσμον: 'formed a conspiracy')→ aoristδέω: meaning 'formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (idiom with σύνδεσμον: 'formed a conspiracy').
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πέδαιςfettersN1 DPF · πέδηdative (object of ἐν: 'in fetters')→ sphere or referenceπέδη: meaning 'fetters'; it serves as dative (object of ἐν: 'in fetters').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγονbringVBI AAI3P · ἄγωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASM · Βαβυλώνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
12
καὶ ὡς ἐθλίβη ἐζήτησεν τὸ πρόσωπον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐταπεινώθη σφόδρα ἀπὸ προσώπου θεοῦ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ
And when he was in distress, he entreated the Lord his God and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers.
The verse marks the hinge of the chapter. Captivity becomes the school in which Manasseh finally learns dependence.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐθλίβηwas distressedVDI API3S · θλίβωmain verb (David's distress)θλίβω: meaning 'was distressed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (David's distress).
ἐζήτησενsoughtVAI AAI3S · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristζητέω: meaning 'sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπεινώθηhe humbled himselfVCI API3S · ταπεινόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'he humbled himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
13
καὶ προσηύξατο πρὸς αὐτόν καὶ ἐπήκουσεν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπήκουσεν τῆς βοῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν αὐτὸν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔγνω Μανασσης ὅτι κύριος αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ θεός
And he prayed to him, and he was moved by his entreaty and heard his supplication and brought him back to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that the Lord, he is God.
The true miracle is not merely return to power but conversion of understanding. The king now knows by experience who the LORD is.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσηύξατοprayVAI AMI3S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist middleεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοῆςoutcryN1 GSF · βοήgenitive of content (with φωνήν: 'sound of the outcry')βοή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive of content (with φωνήν: 'sound of the outcry').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωknewVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτόςhisRD NSM · αὐτόςpronoun→ participant referenceαὐτός: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
14
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ᾠκοδόμησεν τεῖχος ἔξω τῆς πόλεως Δαυιδ ἀπὸ λιβὸς κατὰ Γιων ἐν τῷ χειμάρρῳ καὶ ἐκπορευομένων τὴν πύλην τὴν κυκλόθεν καὶ εἰς τὸ Οφλα καὶ ὕψωσεν σφόδρα καὶ κατέστησεν ἄρχοντας τῆς δυνάμεως ἐν πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν ταῖς τειχήρεσιν ἐν Ιουδα
And afterward he built an outer wall for the city of David west of Gihon in the valley, to the entrance of the Fish Gate, and he went around Ophel and raised it very high. And he placed military commanders in all the fortified cities of Judah.
Manasseh's restoration includes practical governance. The chapter shows repentance issuing into public responsibility, not only private feeling.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τεῖχοςwallN3E ASN · τεῖχοςnominative of comparison (in simile)→ object specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominative of comparison (in simile).
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λιβὸςlipsN3 GSM · λίψgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationλίψ: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΓιωνGihonN AS · Γιωνaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)Γιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρῳwadi / ravineN2 DSM · χειμάροοςdative of place (locative: 'in the wadi')χειμάροος: meaning 'wadi'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the wadi').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκπορευομένωνas they were going outV1 · πμπγπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκgenitive absolute (the scribes' exit from Pharaoh — temporal frame)→ present participle of ongoing movementπμπγπμ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'as they were going out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute (the scribes' exit from Pharaoh — temporal frame).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυκλόθενround aboutD · κυκλόθενproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'round about'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΟφλαOphlaN ASN · Οφλαcommon term within the clauseΟφλα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common term within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕψωσενlifted upVAI AAI3S · ὑψόωmain verb (the act of pardon/exaltation)→ constative aoristὑψόω: meaning 'lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the act of pardon/exaltation).
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστησενappoint / setVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςmightN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'might'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσαιςallA3 DPF · πᾶςattributive adjective (with βασιλείαις)πᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with βασιλείαις).
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεσινcitiesN3I DPF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τειχήρεσινwalled (cities)A3 DPF · τειχήρεσιςsubstantive adjective (dative: 'in walled ones')τειχήρεσις: meaning 'walled (cities)'; it serves as substantive adjective (dative: 'in walled ones').
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
15
καὶ περιεῖλεν τοὺς θεοὺς τοὺς ἀλλοτρίους καὶ τὸ γλυπτὸν ἐξ οἴκου κυρίου καὶ πάντα τὰ θυσιαστήρια ἃ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν ὄρει οἴκου κυρίου καὶ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἔξω τῆς πόλεως
And he removed the foreign gods and the idol from the house of the Lord and all the altars that he had built on the mountain of the house of the Lord and in Jerusalem, and he threw them outside the city.
The movement is deliberate reversal: what he once built in sacred space he now expels from the city entirely.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεῖλενremovedVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + περιmain verb (the total removal of the dog-fly)→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredαἱρέω + περι: meaning 'removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the total removal of the dog-fly).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοὺςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'gods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοτρίουςforeignA1A APM · ἀλλότριοςattributive adjective (qualifying τοὺς θεούς)→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as attributive adjective (qualifying τοὺς θεούς).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτὸνa carved imageA1 ASN · γλυπτόςsubject of ἔστινγλυπτός: meaning 'a carved image'; it serves as subject of ἔστιν.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θυσιαστήριαaltarN2N APN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun within the clauseθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὄρειhill countryN3E DSN · ὄροςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
16
καὶ κατώρθωσεν τὸ θυσιαστήριον κυρίου καὶ ἐθυσίασεν ἐπ' αὐτὸ θυσίαν σωτηρίου καὶ αἰνέσεως καὶ εἶπεν τῷ Ιουδα τοῦ δουλεύειν κυρίῳ θεῷ Ισραηλ
And he restored the altar of the Lord and sacrificed on it peace offerings and thank offerings, and he commanded Judah to serve the Lord God of Israel.
The repaired altar becomes the sign that communion with the LORD is possible again, and the king now summons Judah toward the service he once corrupted.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατώρθωσενhe restoredVAI AAI3S · ὀρθόω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ integrity, generosity, and social orderὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'he restored'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυσίασενsacrificeVAI AAI3S · θυσιάζωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseθυσιάζω: meaning 'sacrifice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σωτηρίουpeace offeringN2N GSN · σωτήριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationσωτήριον: meaning 'peace offering'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνέσεωςpraiseN3I GSF · αἴνεσιςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ relational specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δουλεύεινto serveV1 PAN · δουλεύωarticular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve')→ infinitival complementδουλεύω: meaning 'to serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve').
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
17
πλὴν ὁ λαὸς ἔτι ἐπὶ τῶν ὑψηλῶν πλὴν κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶν
Nevertheless the people were still sacrificing at the high places, only to the Lord their God.
The concession is important. Although the object of worship has changed, unauthorized worship sites remain, so restoration is real but incomplete.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλῶνypselosA1 GPM · ὑψηλόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ Davidic hope and righteous kingshipὑψηλός: meaning 'ypselos'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
18
καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Μανασση καὶ ἡ προσευχὴ αὐτοῦ ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν καὶ λόγοι τῶν ὁρώντων λαλούντων πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπ' ὀνόματι κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ ἰδοὺ ἐπὶ λόγων
And the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer to his God, and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of the Lord God of Israel, behold, they are among the acts of the kings of Israel.
The summary refuses to remember Manasseh only for evil or only for repentance. Both warning and prayer remain part of his legacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λοιπὰthe restA1 NPN · λοιπόςcommon noun within the clauseλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ΜανασσηManassehN GSM · Μανασσήplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
προσευχὴprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήsubject nominative→ participant prominenceπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as subject nominative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρώντωνwho sawV3 · παπγπμ ὁράωsubstantivized participle (partitive: 'of those seeing')→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ὁράω: meaning 'who saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantivized participle (partitive: 'of those seeing').
λαλούντωνas they spokeV2 · παπγπμ λαλέωgenitive absolute (temporal: simultaneous with Joseph's weeping)→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ λαλέω: meaning 'as they spoke'; it contributes descriptive or attendant verbal force; here it functions as genitive absolute (temporal: simultaneous with Joseph's weeping).
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
19
προσευχῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ ὡς ἐπήκουσεν αὐτοῦ καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ ἀποστάσεις αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ τόποι ἐφ' οἷς ᾠκοδόμησεν τὰ ὑψηλὰ καὶ ἔστησεν ἐκεῖ ἄλση καὶ γλυπτὰ πρὸ τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι ἰδοὺ γέγραπται ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων τῶν ὁρώντων
And his prayer, and how he was heard, and all his sin and his unfaithfulness, and the places where he built high places and set up the Asherim and the carved images before he humbled himself, behold, they are written among the words of Hozai.
The verse keeps pre-conversion guilt visible even while noting answered prayer. Humility does not erase history; it reinterprets it before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
προσευχῆςprayerN1 GSF · προσευχήgenitive element qualifying another term→ relational specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as genitive element qualifying another term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαιallA3 NPF · πᾶςadjective (modifying αἱ γυναῖκες)πᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective (modifying αἱ γυναῖκες).
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἁμαρτίαιsinsN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαsubject (of ἀναπεπλήρωνται: the sins not yet complete)→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as subject (of ἀναπεπλήρωνται: the sins not yet complete).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀποστάσειςunfaithfulnessesN3I NPF · ἀπόστασιςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceἀπόστασις: meaning 'unfaithfulnesses'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόποιplacesN2 NPM · τόποςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseτόπος: meaning 'places'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑψηλὰhigh placesA1 APN · ὑψηλόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'high places'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄλσηsacred groves / AsherimN3E APN · ἄλσοςdirect object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted)→ content focusἄλσος: meaning 'sacred groves'; it serves as direct object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γλυπτὰglyptosA1 APN · γλυπτόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expression→ object specificationγλυπτός: meaning 'glyptos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent expression.
πρὸπροP · πρόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'προ'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστρέψαιturn backVA AAN · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γέγραπταιwrite downVP XMI3S · γράφωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateγράφω: meaning 'write down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρώντωνwho sawV3 · παπγπμ ὁράωsubstantivized participle (partitive: 'of those seeing')→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ὁράω: meaning 'who saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantivized participle (partitive: 'of those seeing').
20
καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Μανασσης μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν παραδείσῳ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Αμων υἱὸς αὐτοῦ
And Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his house, and Amon his son reigned in his place.
The burial formula is brief, leaving the reader to weigh both the king's enormity and his repentance as the succession moves on.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοιμήθηsleepVCI API3S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeκοιμάω: meaning 'sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθαψανthey buriedVAI AAI3P · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθάπτω: meaning 'they buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παραδείσῳgardenN2 DSM · παράδεισοςdative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as dative of place (locative).
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἀντ'in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'in place of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΑμωνAmonN NSM · Αμωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΑμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
21
ὢν εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἐτῶν Αμων ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ δύο ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
Amon was twenty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem.
The abruptness of the notice prepares for a brief, compressed replay of evil without the father's humbled turn.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΑμωνAmonN GSM · Αμωνsubject of ἐβασίλευσεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΑμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐβασίλευσεν (indeclinable proper noun).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε)→ infinitival complementβασιλεύω: meaning 'to be king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
22
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου ὡς ἐποίησεν Μανασσης ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς εἰδώλοις οἷς ἐποίησεν Μανασσης ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἔθυεν Αμων καὶ ἐδούλευσεν αὐτοῖς
And he did what was evil before the Lord, as Manasseh his father had done, and Amon sacrificed to all the carved images that Manasseh his father had made and served them.
The narrator stresses inheritance in its worst form: the son receives the old idolatry rather than the later reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰδώλοιςidolsN2N DPN · εἴδωλονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceεἴδωλον: meaning 'idols'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἷςwhich / whoRR DPN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἔθυενthey sacrificedV1I IAI3S · θύωfinite verb advancing the clauseθύω: meaning 'they sacrificed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΑμωνAmonN NSM · Αμωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΑμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδούλευσενservedVAI AAI3S · δουλεύωmain verb (the people's faithful service)→ constative aoristδουλεύω: meaning 'served'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the people's faithful service).
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
23
καὶ οὐκ ἐταπεινώθη ἐναντίον κυρίου ὡς ἐταπεινώθη Μανασσης ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ὅτι υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Αμων ἐπλήθυνεν πλημμέλειαν
And he did not humble himself before the Lord, as Manasseh his father had humbled himself, but this Amon multiplied guilt.
Chronicles explicitly contrasts the two kings. Amon's reign is condemned not only for evil but for remaining unbroken by repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐταπεινώθηhe humbled himselfVCI API3S · ταπεινόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'he humbled himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὡςlike / asD · ὡςproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐταπεινώθηhe humbled himselfVCI API3S · ταπεινόωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'he humbled himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΑμωνAmonN NSM · Αμωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΑμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐπλήθυνενincreased / grew greatV1I IAI3S · πληθύνωmain verb (intensifying continuation)→ ongoing verbal processπληθύνω: meaning 'increased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (intensifying continuation).
πλημμέλειανtrespassN1A ASF · πλημμέλειαcognate accusative (with ἐπλημμελήσατε)→ object specificationπλημμέλεια: meaning 'trespass'; it serves as cognate accusative (with ἐπλημμελήσατε).
24
καὶ ἐπέθεντο αὐτῷ οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπάταξαν αὐτὸν ἐν οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ
And his servants conspired against him and struck him down in his house.
The private sphere becomes the site of judgment. The house that should have embodied order becomes the place of violent collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθεντοthey placedVEI AMI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aorist middleτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξανstrike downVAI AAI3P · πατάσσωmain conquest predicate→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'strike down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main conquest predicate.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
25
καὶ ἐπάταξεν ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς τοὺς ἐπιθεμένους ἐπὶ τὸν βασιλέα Αμων καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς τὸν Ιωσιαν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ
And the people of the land struck down all who had conspired against King Amon, and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his place.
The people act to preserve the Davidic line, clearing the way for Josiah's very different reign to begin.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθεμένουςconspiratorsVE · αμπαπμ τίθημι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextαμπαπμ τίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'conspirators'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΑμωνAmonN GSM · Αμωνsubject of ἐβασίλευσεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentΑμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐβασίλευσεν (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωσιανJosiahN1T ASM · Ιωσίαςaccusative in apposition to βασιλέα (the king named)Ιωσιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative in apposition to βασιλέα (the king named).
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀντ'in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'in place of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.