1
τότε Δαρεῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔθηκεν γνώμην καὶ ἐπεσκέψατο ἐν ταῖς βιβλιοθήκαις ὅπου ἡ γάζα κεῖται ἐν Βαβυλῶνι
Then King Darius issued a decree and made a search in the archives where the treasury was laid up in Babylon.
The king responds by searching Persia's records. The issue is treated as one that can and should be settled by documented imperial precedent.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τότεthenD · τότεparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeτότε: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΔαρεῖοςDariusN2 NSM · Δαρεῖοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionDarius: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἔθηκενissuedVAI AAI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτίθημι: verbal form meaning "tithemi", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
γνώμηνdecreeN1 ASF · γνώμηhead noun within the clauseγνώμη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "decree" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐπεσκέψατοsearchedVAI AMI3S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: verbal form meaning "skeptomai + epi", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βιβλιοθήκαιςarchivesN1 DPF · βιβλιοθήκηdative term functioning as indirect object, location, means, or governed complementβιβλιοθήκη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "archives" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὅπουwhereX · ὅπουconnective particle shaping the flow of discourseὅπου: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical noticeDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
γάζαtreasuryN1S NSF · γάζαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemγάζα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "treasury" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
κεῖταιis laid upV5 PMI3S · κεῖμαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκεῖμαι: verbal form meaning "is laid up", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')Babylon: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
2
καὶ εὑρέθη ἐν πόλει ἐν τῇ βάρει τῆς Μήδων πόλεως κεφαλὶς μία καὶ τοῦτο ἦν γεγραμμένον ἐν αὐτῇ ὑπόμνημα
And in a city in the province of the Medes one scroll was found, and this memorandum was written in it:
The decisive evidence is found not in rumor but in a preserved written record. The narrative narrows toward documentary proof.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
εὑρέθηfindVC API3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεὑρίσκω: verbal form meaning "find", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπόλις: nominal or descriptive term meaning "city" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βάρειfortressN3I DSF · βάριςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect objectβάρις: nominal or descriptive term meaning "fortress" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
Μήδωνof the MedesN GSF · Μηδίαgenitive of relationship (modifying Ορη)Medes: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπόλις: nominal or descriptive term meaning "city" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
κεφαλὶςscrollN3D NSF · κεφαλίςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemκεφαλίς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "scroll" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceεἷς: descriptive term meaning "one", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in viewοὗτος: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forwardεἰμί: verbal form meaning "was", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
γεγραμμένονwrittenVP · χμπνσν γράφωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionχμπνσν γράφω: verbal form meaning "written", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
αὐτῇhe / she / itRD DSF · αὐτόςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ὑπόμνημαmemorandumN3M NSN · ὑπόμνημαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemὑπόμνημα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "memorandum" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
3
ἐν ἔτει πρώτῳ Κύρου βασιλέως Κῦρος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔθηκεν γνώμην περὶ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ οἶκος οἰκοδομηθήτω καὶ τόπος οὗ θυσιάζουσιν τὰ θυσιάσματα καὶ ἔθηκεν ἔπαρμα ὕψος πήχεις ἑξήκοντα πλάτος αὐτοῦ πήχεων ἑξήκοντα
"In the first year of King Cyrus, King Cyrus issued a decree concerning the house of God in Jerusalem: Let the house be built, the place where they sacrifice, and let its raised structure be set in place.
The discovered text confirms that restoration was originally a royal act. The decree addresses both the sanctuary itself and the sacrificial purpose for which it exists.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἔτειyearsN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative complementἔτος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "years" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
πρώτῳfirstA1 DSMS · πρῶτοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentπρῶτος: descriptive term meaning "first", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ΚύρουCyrusN2 GSM · Κῦροςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionCyrus: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical noticeβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΚῦροςCyrusN2 NSM · Κῦροςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionCyrus: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἔθηκενissuedVAI AAI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτίθημι: verbal form meaning "tithemi", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
γνώμηνdecreeN1 ASF · γνώμηhead noun within the clauseγνώμη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "decree" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phraseπερί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἰκοδομηθήτωlet it be builtVC APD3S · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionοἰκοδομέω: verbal form meaning "let it be built", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τόποςtoposN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτόπος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "topos" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or discourse-marking modifierοὗ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
θυσιάζουσινthey sacrificeV1 PAI3P · θυσιάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionθυσιάζω: verbal form meaning "they sacrifice", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θυσιάσματαsacrificeN3M APN · θυσίασμαnominal term functioning as an accusative complementθυσίασμα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sacrifice" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἔθηκενissuedVAI AAI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτίθημι: verbal form meaning "tithemi", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἔπαρμαraised structureN3M NSN · ἔπαρμαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἔπαρμα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "raised structure" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalὕψος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "height" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
πήχειςcubitsN3E APM · πῆχυςaccusative of measure (standard unit of length)πῆχυς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "cubits" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἑξήκονταexekontaM · ἑξήκονταparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeἑξήκοντα: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
πλάτοςplatosN3E ASN · πλάτοςnominal term functioning in a acc relationπλάτος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "platos" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
πήχεωνcubitN3E GPM · πῆχυςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionπῆχυς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "cubit" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἑξήκονταexekontaM · ἑξήκονταparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeἑξήκοντα: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
4
καὶ δόμοι λίθινοι κραταιοὶ τρεῖς καὶ δόμος ξύλινος εἷς καὶ ἡ δαπάνη ἐξ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως δοθήσεται
"With three courses of strong stone and one course of timber, and let the expense be given from the king's house.
The memorandum includes concrete building materials and explicit financial responsibility, showing that the project had defined imperial support from the start.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
δόμοιcoursesN2 NPM · δόμοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemδόμος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "courses" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
λίθινοιstoneA1 NPM · λίθινοςadjectival term functioning predicatively or attributively with a nominative nounλίθινος: descriptive term meaning "stone", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
κραταιοὶstrongA1A NPM · κραταιόςadjectival term functioning predicatively or attributively with a nominative nounκραταιός: descriptive term meaning "strong", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
τρεῖςthreeM NPM · τρεῖςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceτρεῖς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
δόμοςcourseN2 NSM · δόμοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemδόμος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "course" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ξύλινοςwoodenA1 NSM · ξύλινοςadjectival term functioning predicatively or attributively with a nominative nounξύλινος: descriptive term meaning "wooden", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
εἷςintoM NSM · εἷςsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextεἷς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical noticeDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
δαπάνηexpenseN1 NSF · δαπάνηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemδαπάνη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "expense" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐκ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical noticeβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
δοθήσεταιgiveVC FPI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative actionδίδωμι: verbal form meaning "give", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
5
καὶ τὰ σκεύη οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ τὰ ἀργυρᾶ καὶ τὰ χρυσᾶ ἃ Ναβουχοδονοσορ ἐξήνεγκεν ἀπὸ οἴκου τοῦ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐκόμισεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ δοθήτω καὶ ἀπελθάτω εἰς τὸν ναὸν τὸν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἐπὶ τόπου οὗ ἐτέθη ἐν οἴκῳ τοῦ θεοῦ
"And let the silver and gold vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the house in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, be returned and placed in the house in Jerusalem in their place.
The decree extends beyond architecture to cultic continuity. The temple is to be restored with its proper sacred implements.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
σκεύηimplementsN3E NPN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clauseσκεῦος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "implements" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀργυρᾶsilverA1C APN · ἀργυροῦςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveἀργυροῦς: descriptive term meaning "silver", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
χρυσᾶgoldenA1C APN · χρυσοῦςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveχρυσοῦς: descriptive term meaning "golden", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clauseὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)Nebuchadnezzar: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἐξήνεγκενbrought outVAI AAI3S · φέρω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseφέρω + ἐκ: verbal form meaning "brought out", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐκόμισενbroughtVAI AAI3S · κομίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseκομίζω: verbal form meaning "brought", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phraseεἰς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN1A ASF · Βαβυλῶναgenitive of source ('from Babylon')Babylon: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
δοθήτωlet it be givenVC APD3S · δίδωμιmain verb (third-person passive imperative: the request)δίδωμι: verbal form meaning "let it be given", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀπελθάτωlet him departVA AAD3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποimperatival verbal form issuing command, permission, or exhortationἔρχομαι + ἀπο: verbal form meaning "let him depart", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phraseεἰς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ναὸνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goalναός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "temple" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐπί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τόπουplace / siteN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionτόπος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "place / site" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or discourse-marking modifierοὗ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐτέθηsetVCI API3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the clauseτίθημι: verbal form meaning "set", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
6
νῦν δώσετε ἔπαρχοι πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Σαθαρβουζανα καὶ οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν Αφαρσαχαῖοι οἱ ἐν πέρα τοῦ ποταμοῦ μακρὰν ὄντες ἐκεῖθεν
Now therefore, governors beyond the River, Shethar-bozenai and your colleagues the Apharsachites beyond the River, keep far away from there.
Darius turns the earlier investigators into those who must stand back. The command sharply reverses the posture of chapter 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeνῦν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
δώσετεyou shall giveVF FAI2P · δίδωμιmain verb of the apodosisδίδωμι: verbal form meaning "you shall give", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἔπαρχοιgovernorsN2 VPM · ἄπαρχοςnominal or adverbial element filling a local role in the clauseἄπαρχος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "governors" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
πέρανperanD · πέρανadverbial or negative particle modifying the clauseπέραν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitival dependent within the phraseποταμός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "river" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΣαθαρβουζαναShethar-bozenaiN VSM · Σαθαρβουζαναnominal or adverbial element filling a local role in the clauseShethar-bozenai: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
σύνδουλοιfellow servantN2 VPM · σύνδουλοςhead noun within the clauseσύνδουλος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "fellow servant" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ΑφαρσαχαῖοιApharsachitesN VPM · Αφαρσαχαῖοιnominal or adverbial element filling a local role in the clauseApharsachites: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
πέραbeyondD · πέρανadverb or discourse marker modifying the clause or transitionπέραν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitival dependent within the phraseποταμός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "river" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
μακρὰνfarA1A ASF · μακρόςadverb of distance (predicate with γίνεσθε)μακρός: descriptive term meaning "far", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ὄντεςbeing / who wereV9 · παπνπμ εἰμίattributive participle (describing the slaves)παπνπμ εἰμί: verbal form meaning "being / who were", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενadverbial modifier of the clauseἐκεῖθεν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
7
ἄφετε τὸ ἔργον οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ οἱ ἀφηγούμενοι τῶν Ιουδαίων καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τῶν Ιουδαίων οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκεῖνον οἰκοδομείτωσαν ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ
Leave the work of the house of God alone; let the leaders of the Judeans and the elders of the Judeans build that house of God on its site.
The decree names the Judean elders as rightful agents of the work and expressly forbids obstructive meddling.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἄφετεleaveVH AAD2S · ἵημι + ἀποmain imperative (leave one brother as pledge)ἵημι + ἀπο: verbal form meaning "leave", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἔργονworkN2N ASN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἔργον: nominal or descriptive term meaning "work" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀφηγούμενοιgovernorsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαι + ἀποparticipial verbal form modifying a noun or supplying attendant circumstanceπμπνπμ ἡγέομαι + ἀπο: verbal form meaning "governors", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἸουδαῖος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "Jew" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιelderA1A NPM · πρεσβύτεροςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπρεσβύτερος: descriptive term meaning "elder", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἸουδαῖος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "Jew" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house / household" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐκεῖνονthat / thoseRD ASM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogationἐκεῖνος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "that / those" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἰκοδομείτωσανlet them buildV2 PAD3P · οἰκοδομέωimperatival verbal form issuing command, permission, or exhortationοἰκοδομέω: verbal form meaning "let them build", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐπί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
τόπουplace / siteN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionτόπος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "place / site" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
8
καὶ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ἐτέθη γνώμη μήποτέ τι ποιήσητε μετὰ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τῶν Ιουδαίων τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἀπὸ ὑπαρχόντων βασιλέως τῶν φόρων πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐπιμελῶς δαπάνη ἔστω διδομένη τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐκείνοις τὸ μὴ καταργηθῆναι
And from me a decree has been set that you are not to do anything against these elders of the Judeans for the building of that house of God, but from the king's revenues from the tribute beyond the River the expenses are to be paid to those men without delay.
Imperial policy now moves from permission to subsidy. The same provincial sphere that questioned the work must finance it promptly.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἐτέθηsetVCI API3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the clauseτίθημι: verbal form meaning "set", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
γνώμηdecreeN1 NSF · γνώμηhead noun within the clauseγνώμη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "decree" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
μήποτέlestD · μήποτεadverb or discourse marker modifying the clause or transitionμήποτε: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςaccusative object of ὑφεῖλεν (the withheld thing — nothing)τις: nominal or descriptive term meaning "anything" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ποιήσητεdoVA AAS2P · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateποιέω: verbal form meaning "do", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πρεσβυτέρωνpresbyterosA1A GPM · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπρεσβύτερος: descriptive term meaning "presbyteros", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἸουδαῖος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "Jew" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οἰκοδομῆσαιbuildVA AAN · οἰκοδομέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complementοἰκοδομέω: verbal form meaning "build", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house / household" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐκεῖνονthat / thoseRD ASM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogationἐκεῖνος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "that / those" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὑπαρχόντωνact/doV1 · παπγπμ ἄρχω + ὑποparticipleπαπγπμ ἄρχω + ὑπο: verbal form meaning "act/do", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical noticeβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
φόρωνtributes / levyN2 GPM · φόροςgenitive object of ἐπί (department of oversight)φόρος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "tributes / levy" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
πέρανperanD · πέρανadverbial or negative particle modifying the clauseπέραν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitival dependent within the phraseποταμός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "river" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐπιμελῶςcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or discourse-marking modifierἐπιμελῶς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
δαπάνηexpenseN1 NSF · δαπάνηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemδαπάνη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "expense" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἔστωisV9 PAD3S · εἰμίcopulaεἰμί: verbal form meaning "is", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
διδομένηbeing givenV8 · πμπνσφ δίδωμιparticipial verbal form modifying a noun or supplying attendant circumstanceπμπνσφ δίδωμι: verbal form meaning "being given", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀνδράσινmanN3 DPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: nominal or descriptive term meaning "man" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐκείνοιςthoseRD DPM · ἐκεῖνοςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaἐκεῖνος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "those" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clauseμή: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
καταργηθῆναιto be stoppedVC APN · ἀργέω + καταinfinitive verbal complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent actionἀργέω + κατα: verbal form meaning "to be stopped", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
9
καὶ ὃ ἂν ὑστέρημα καὶ υἱοὺς βοῶν καὶ κριῶν καὶ ἀμνοὺς εἰς ὁλοκαυτώσεις τῷ θεῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πυρούς ἅλας οἶνον ἔλαιον κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τῶν ἱερέων τῶν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἔστω διδόμενον αὐτοῖς ἡμέραν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσωσιν
And whatever is needed, bulls, rams, and lambs for burnt offerings to the God of heaven, along with wheat, salt, wine, and oil according to the word of the priests in Jerusalem, let it be given to them day by day without fail.
The decree recognizes that the completed temple must also function ritually. Ongoing sacrificial supply is written into the imperial order.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSM · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἂνανX · ἄνsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextἄν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὑστέρημαlackN3M NSM · ὑστέρημαsubject of ἔστιν (negated)ὑστέρημα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "lack" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sons" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
βοῶνcattleN3 GPM · βοῦςgenitive dependentβοῦς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "cattle" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
κριῶνof ramsN2 GPM · κριόςgenitive (of material/source: 'skins of rams')κριός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "of rams" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀμνοὺςlambN2 APM · ἀμνόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionἀμνός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "lamb" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phraseεἰς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὁλοκαυτώσειςburnt offeringN3I APF · ὁλοκαύτωσιςarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁλοκαύτωσις: nominal or descriptive term meaning "burnt offering" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionοὐρανός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "heaven" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
πυρούςwheatN2 APM · πυρόςcommon noun within the clauseπυρός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "wheat" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἅλαςsaltN3 APM · ἅλςaccusative object of εἰςἅλς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "salt" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςnominal term functioning as an accusative complementοἶνος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "wine" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goalἔλαιον: nominal or descriptive term meaning "oil" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαcommon noun within the clauseῥῆμα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "word / matter" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsN3V GPM · ἱερεύςcommon noun within the clauseἱερεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "priests" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἔστωisV9 PAD3S · εἰμίcopulaεἰμί: verbal form meaning "is", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
διδόμενονgivenV8 · πππνσν δίδωμιattributive participle (modifying ἀργύριον: 'the silver being given')πππνσν δίδωμι: verbal form meaning "given", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἡμέρα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "day" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "day" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSM · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἐὰνεανC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsἐάν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
αἰτήσωσινthey should askVA AAS3P · αἰτέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαἰτέω: verbal form meaning "αἰτέω", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
10
ἵνα ὦσιν προσφέροντες εὐωδίας τῷ θεῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ προσεύχωνται εἰς ζωὴν τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ
So that they may offer pleasing aromas to the God of heaven and pray for the life of the king and his sons.
The king understands temple worship as politically beneficial. His support seeks the community's prayer and the God of heaven's favor.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἵναιναC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsἵνα: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὦσινmight beV9 PAS3P · εἰμίverb of purpose clause (with ἵνα)εἰμί: verbal form meaning "might be", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
προσφέροντεςbringing / offeringV1 · παπνπμ φέρω + προςparticiple (with ἦσαν, periphrastic imperfect)παπνπμ φέρω + προς: verbal form meaning "bringing / offering", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
εὐωδίαςwith fragranceN1A GSF · εὐωδίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionεὐωδία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "with fragrance" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionοὐρανός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "heaven" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
προσεύχωνταιprayV1 PMS3P · εὔχομαι + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandεὔχομαι + προς: verbal form meaning "pray", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phraseεἰς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative of purpose (εἰς ζωήν — 'for life')ζωή: nominal or descriptive term meaning "life" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical noticeβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sons" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
11
καὶ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ἐτέθη γνώμη ὅτι πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἀλλάξει τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο καθαιρεθήσεται ξύλον ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ καὶ ὠρθωμένος παγήσεται ἐπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ ποιηθήσεται
And from me a decree has been set that if any person alters this word, a timber shall be pulled down from his house and, raised up, he shall be fastened upon it, and his house shall be made a ruin because of this.
The severity of the sanction marks the decree as inviolable. Interference with the temple is made a capital and dishonoring offense.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phraseἀπό: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἐτέθηsetVCI API3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the clauseτίθημι: verbal form meaning "set", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
γνώμηdecreeN1 NSF · γνώμηhead noun within the clauseγνώμη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "decree" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseὅτι: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: descriptive term meaning "everyone", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clauseἄνθρωπος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "man / human being" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical noticeὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἀλλάξειshall exchangeVF FAI3S · ἀλλάσσωmain verb (prohibitive future)ἀλλάσσω: verbal form meaning "shall exchange", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαcommon noun within the clauseῥῆμα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "word / matter" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in viewοὗτος: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
καθαιρεθήσεταιshall be torn downVC FPI3S · αἱρέω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαἱρέω + κατα: verbal form meaning "shall be torn down", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ξύλονwood / shaftN2N ASN · ξύλονcommon noun within the clauseξύλον: nominal or descriptive term meaning "wood / shaft" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐκ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἰκία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὠρθωμένοςraised upVM · χππνσμ ὀρθόωparticipial verbal form modifying a noun or supplying attendant circumstanceχππνσμ ὀρθόω: verbal form meaning "raised up", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
παγήσεταιshall be fixedVD FPI3S · πήγνυμιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπήγνυμι: verbal form meaning "shall be fixed", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐπί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
κατ'according toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phraseκατά: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώlexical element within the clauseἐγώ: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ποιηθήσεταιdoing / workingVC FPI3S · ποιέωsubstantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders')ποιέω: verbal form meaning "doing / working", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
12
καὶ ὁ θεός οὗ κατασκηνοῖ τὸ ὄνομα ἐκεῖ καταστρέψει πάντα βασιλέα καὶ λαόν ὃς ἐκτενεῖ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἀλλάξαι ἢ ἀφανίσαι τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκεῖνον τὸν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἐγὼ Δαρεῖος ἔθηκα γνώμην ἐπιμελῶς ἔσται
And may the God whose name dwells there overthrow every king and people who stretch out a hand to alter or destroy that house of God in Jerusalem. I, Darius, have issued the decree; let it be done diligently.
The decree ends by placing even kings under the judgment of Jerusalem's God. Royal power ratifies the temple, but divine sovereignty stands above royal power.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependenceὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
κατασκηνοῖdwellsV4 PAI3S · σκηνόω + καταverb of relative clause (the tent's dwelling)σκηνόω + κατα: verbal form meaning "dwells", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formulaὄνομα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "name" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeἐκεῖ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
καταστρέψειwill overthrowVF FAI3S · στρέφω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionστρέφω + κατα: verbal form meaning "will overthrow", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπᾶς: descriptive term meaning "all", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goalβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementλαός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "people" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical noticeὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἐκτενεῖstretch outVF2 FAI3S · τείνω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandτείνω + ἐκ: verbal form meaning "stretch out", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goalχείρ: nominal or descriptive term meaning "hand" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἀλλάξαιto alterVA AAN · ἀλλάσσωinfinitive verbal complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent actionἀλλάσσω: verbal form meaning "to alter", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἢorC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated itemsἤ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀφανίσαιto removeVA AAN · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναinfinitive of purpose (the goal of the prayer)ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: verbal form meaning "to remove", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house / household" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐκεῖνονthat / thoseRD ASM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogationἐκεῖνος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "that / those" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἐγώ: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ΔαρεῖοςDariusN2 NSM · Δαρεῖοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionDarius: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἔθηκαputVAI AAI1S · τίθημιmain verbτίθημι: verbal form meaning "put", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
γνώμηνdecreeN1 ASF · γνώμηhead noun within the clauseγνώμη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "decree" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐπιμελῶςcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or discourse-marking modifierἐπιμελῶς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal form meaning "shall be", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
13
τότε Θανθαναι ἔπαρχος πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Σαθαρβουζανα καὶ οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτοῦ πρὸς ὃ ἀπέστειλεν Δαρεῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς οὕτως ἐποίησαν ἐπιμελῶς
Then Tattenai, governor beyond the River, Shethar-bozenai, and their colleagues acted diligently according to what King Darius had sent.
The provincial officials who once investigated now carry out the king's instruction with care. The imperial chain of command is fully reversed in the builders' favor.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τότεthenD · τότεparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeτότε: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΘανθαναιTattenaiN NSM · Θανθαναιnominal or adverbial element filling a local role in the clauseTattenai: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἔπαρχοςgovernorN2 NSM · ἔπαρχοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔπαρχος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "governor" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
πέρανperanD · πέρανadverbial or negative particle modifying the clauseπέραν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitival dependent within the phraseποταμός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "river" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΣαθαρβουζαναShethar-bozenaiN NSM · Σαθαρβουζαναnominal or adverbial element filling a local role in the clauseShethar-bozenai: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
σύνδουλοιfellow servantN2 NPM · σύνδουλοςhead noun within the clauseσύνδουλος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "fellow servant" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseπρός: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSM · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forwardστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form meaning "sent", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ΔαρεῖοςDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionDarius: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clauseοὕτως: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form meaning "did", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἐπιμελῶςcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or discourse-marking modifierἐπιμελῶς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
14
καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τῶν Ιουδαίων ᾠκοδομοῦσαν καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἐν προφητείᾳ Αγγαιου τοῦ προφήτου καὶ Ζαχαριου υἱοῦ Αδδω καὶ ἀνῳκοδόμησαν καὶ κατηρτίσαντο ἀπὸ γνώμης θεοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ ἀπὸ γνώμης Κύρου καὶ Δαρείου καὶ Αρθασασθα βασιλέων Περσῶν
And the elders of the Judeans were building, and the Levites under the prophecy of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah son of Iddo; and they rebuilt and completed it according to the decree of the God of Israel and by the decree of Cyrus and Darius.
The verse deliberately joins prophetic agency and royal authorization. The house is finished because God's purpose works through both word and empire.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιelderN2 NPM · πρεσβύτεροςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπρεσβύτερος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "elder" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἸουδαῖος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "Jew" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ᾠκοδομοῦσανyou shall buildVAI AAI3P · οἰκοδομέωmain verbοἰκοδομέω: verbal form meaning "you shall build", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseLevites: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
προφητείᾳprophecyN1A DSF · προφητείαnominal element carrying the clause or phraseπροφητεία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "προφητεία" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΑγγαιουHaggaiN GSM · Αγγαιουgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionΑγγαιου: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependentπροφήτης: nominal or descriptive term meaning "prophet" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΖαχαριουZechariahN GSM · Ζαχαριουgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionΖαχαριου: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "son" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΑδδωIddoN GSM · Αδδωproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIddo: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀνῳκοδόμησανthey rebuiltVAI AAI3P · οἰκοδομέω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionοἰκοδομέω + ἀνα: verbal form meaning "they rebuilt", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
κατηρτίσαντοthey completedVAI AMI3P · ἀρτίζω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀρτίζω + κατα: verbal form meaning "they completed", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
γνώμηςdecisionN1 GSF · γνώμηgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionγνώμη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "decision" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
γνώμηςdecisionN1 GSF · γνώμηgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionγνώμη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "decision" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΚύρουCyrusN2 GSM · Κῦροςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionCyrus: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentDarius: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΑρθασασθαArtaxerxesN GSM · Αρθασασθαnominal term functioning within the clauseArtaxerxes: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "kings" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΠερσῶνPersianN1M GPM · Πέρσηςproper name within the list or clausePersians: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
15
καὶ ἐτέλεσαν τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ἕως ἡμέρας τρίτης μηνὸς Αδαρ ὅ ἐστιν ἔτος ἕκτον τῇ βασιλείᾳ Δαρείου τοῦ βασιλέως
And they finished this house by the third day of the month Adar, which was the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.
The project reaches its formal end in precise calendrical language, giving the restored house a definite historical completion point.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐτέλεσανteleoVAI AAI3P · τελέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateτελέω: verbal form meaning "teleo", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house / household" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phraseἕως: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἡμέρα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "days" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τρίτηςthirdA1 GSF · τρίτοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionτρίτος: descriptive term meaning "third", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependentμήν: nominal or descriptive term meaning "month" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΑδαρAdarN GS · Αδαρnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clauseΑδαρ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ὅwhichRR NSM · ὅςrelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν, antecedent ὄρος)ὅς: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form meaning "be", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
ἔτοςyear(s)N3E NSN · ἔτοςaccusative of extent of time (duration of reign)ἔτος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "year(s)" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἕκτονsixthA1 NSN · ἕκτοςaccusative adjective (attributive ordinal)ἕκτος: descriptive term meaning "sixth", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαdative complement within the clause or phraseβασιλεία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "kingdom" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentDarius: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical noticeβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
16
καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται καὶ οἱ κατάλοιποι υἱῶν ἀποικεσίας ἐγκαίνια τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ
And the sons of Israel, the priests, the Levites, and the rest of the returned exiles held the dedication of the house of God with joy.
The finished structure becomes a communal act of rejoicing. Restoration is received not privately but as Israel's shared liturgical event.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form meaning "did", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sons" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "priests" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseLevites: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
κατάλοιποιthe restA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaκατάλοιπος: descriptive term meaning "the rest", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sons" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἀποικεσίαςexile / deportationN1A GSF · ἀποικεσίαgenitive (defining the year: 'of the exile')ἀποικεσία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "exile / deportation" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐγκαίνιαdedicationN1 APN · ἐγκαίνιαnominal term functioning as an accusative complementἐγκαίνια: nominal or descriptive term meaning "dedication" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
εὐφροσύνῃgladnessN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentεὐφροσύνη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "gladness" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
17
καὶ προσήνεγκαν εἰς τὰ ἐγκαίνια τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ μόσχους ἑκατόν κριοὺς διακοσίους ἀμνοὺς τετρακοσίους χιμάρους αἰγῶν περὶ ἁμαρτίας ὑπὲρ παντὸς Ισραηλ δώδεκα εἰς ἀριθμὸν φυλῶν Ισραηλ
And they offered at the dedication of the house of God one hundred bulls, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs, and twelve male goats for a sin offering for all Israel, according to the number of the tribes of Israel.
The offerings identify the restored cult as acting on behalf of all Israel, not merely the returned remnant in a narrow provincial sense.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
προσήνεγκανbring / presentVAI AAI3P · φέρω + προςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφέρω + προς: verbal form meaning "bring / present", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phraseεἰς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐγκαίνιαdedicationN1 APN · ἐγκαίνιαnominal term functioning as an accusative complementἐγκαίνια: nominal or descriptive term meaning "dedication" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
μόσχουςbull-calvesN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalμόσχος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "bull-calves" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἑκατόνhundredM · ἑκατόνnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceἑκατόν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
κριοὺςramN2 APM · κριόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goalκριός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "ram" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
διακοσίουςtwo hundredA1A APM · διακόσιοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδιακόσιοι: descriptive term meaning "two hundred", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ἀμνοὺςlambN2 APM · ἀμνόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionἀμνός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "lamb" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τετρακοσίουςfour hundredA1A APM · τετρακόσιοιaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementτετρακόσιοι: descriptive term meaning "four hundred", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
χιμάρουςmale goatN2 APM · χίμαροςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goalχίμαρος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "male goat" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αἰγῶνaixN3G GPM · αἴξgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termαἴξ: nominal or descriptive term meaning "aix" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phraseπερί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἁμαρτία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sin" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phraseὑπέρ: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: descriptive term meaning "all", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
δώδεκαtwelveM · δώδεκαnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceδώδεκα: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phraseεἰς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἀριθμὸνnumberN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clauseἀριθμός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "number" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
φυλῶνtribeN1 GPF · φυλήgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionφυλή: nominal or descriptive term meaning "tribe" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
18
καὶ ἔστησαν τοὺς ἱερεῖς ἐν διαιρέσεσιν αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς Λευίτας ἐν μερισμοῖς αὐτῶν ἐπὶ δουλείᾳ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν βιβλίου Μωυσῆ
And they stationed the priests in their divisions and the Levites in their courses for the service of God in Jerusalem, according to the writing of the book of Moses.
The restored temple is ordered by written Torah and by differentiated service. Completion includes proper ministerial structure.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἔστησανhistemiVHI AAI3P · ἵστημιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal senseἵστημι: verbal form meaning "histemi", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "priests" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
διαιρέσεσινdivisionsN3I DPF · διαίρεσιςdative term functioning as indirect object, location, means, or governed complementδιαίρεσις: nominal or descriptive term meaning "divisions" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΛευίταςLevitesN1M APM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseLevites: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
μερισμοῖςcoursesN2 DPM · μερισμόςdative term functioning as indirect object, location, means, or governed complementμερισμός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "courses" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐπί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
δουλείᾳdoyleiaN1A DSF · δουλείαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectδουλεία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "doyleia" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceJerusalem: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
γραφὴνwritingN1 ASF · γραφήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalγραφή: nominal or descriptive term meaning "writing" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
βιβλίουbookN2N GSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clauseβιβλίον: nominal or descriptive term meaning "book" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionMoses: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
19
καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς ἀποικεσίας τὸ πασχα τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ πρώτου
And the sons of the exile kept the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month.
The calendar of covenant worship resumes. The restored community is now living by festival time, not simply by construction time.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form meaning "did", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sons" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀποικεσίαςexile / deportationN1A GSF · ἀποικεσίαgenitive (defining the year: 'of the exile')ἀποικεσία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "exile / deportation" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πασχαPassoverN1 ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "Passover" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃfourteenthA1 DSF · τεσσαρεσκαιδέκατοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτεσσαρεσκαιδέκατος: descriptive term meaning "fourteenth", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependentμήν: nominal or descriptive term meaning "month" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSMS · πρῶτοςordinal adjective in rosterπρῶτος: descriptive term meaning "first", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
20
ὅτι ἐκαθαρίσθησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἕως εἷς πάντες καθαροὶ καὶ ἔσφαξαν τὸ πασχα τοῖς πᾶσιν υἱοῖς τῆς ἀποικεσίας καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν καὶ ἑαυτοῖς
For the priests and the Levites had purified themselves together, all of them were clean, and they slaughtered the Passover for all the sons of the exile and for their brothers the priests and for themselves.
The feast is grounded in shared purification. The verse stresses corporate cleanness and ordered responsibility in preparing the sacrifice.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseὅτι: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐκαθαρίσθησανcleanse / purifyVSI API3P · καθαρίζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionκαθαρίζω: verbal form meaning "cleanse / purify", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "priests" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clauseLevites: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequenceἕως: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
εἷςintoM NSM · εἷςsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextεἷς: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: descriptive term meaning "all", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
καθαροὶkatharosA1A NPM · καθαρόςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionκαθαρός: descriptive term meaning "katharos", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἔσφαξανslaughteredVAI AAI3P · σφάζωmain verb (the act of slaughter)σφάζω: verbal form meaning "slaughtered", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πασχαPassoverN1 ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "Passover" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: descriptive term meaning "all", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "son" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀποικεσίαςexile / deportationN1A GSF · ἀποικεσίαgenitive (defining the year: 'of the exile')ἀποικεσία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "exile / deportation" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςdative complement within the clauseἀδελφός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "brother" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "priests" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseἑαυτοῦ: nominal or descriptive term meaning "himself / themselves" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
21
καὶ ἔφαγον οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ τὸ πασχα οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀποικεσίας καὶ πᾶς ὁ χωριζόμενος τῆς ἀκαθαρσίας ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς πρὸς αὐτοὺς τοῦ ἐκζητῆσαι κύριον θεὸν Ισραηλ
And the sons of Israel who had come from the exile ate the Passover, together with everyone who separated himself from the uncleanness of the nations of the land to join them in seeking the Lord God of Israel.
Participation extends to those who separate from impurity and turn toward the Lord. The boundary is moral and cultic, not merely ethnic.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἔφαγονeatingVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίωfinite verb advancing the clauseἐσθίω: verbal form meaning "eating", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clauseυἱός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "sons" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
πασχαPassoverN1 ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "Passover" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀποικεσίαςexile / deportationN1A GSF · ἀποικεσίαgenitive (defining the year: 'of the exile')ἀποικεσία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "exile / deportation" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifierπᾶς: descriptive term meaning "everyone", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
χωριζόμενοςseparating himselfV1 · πμπνσμ χωρίζωparticipial verbal form modifying a noun or supplying attendant circumstanceπμπνσμ χωρίζω: verbal form meaning "separating himself", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessN1A GSF · ἀκαθαρσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἀκαθαρσία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "uncleanness" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἔθνος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "nation" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phraseγῆ: nominal or descriptive term meaning "land" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseπρός: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἐκζητῆσαιto seek outVA AAN · ζητέω + ἐκinfinitive of purpose (with παραγίνεται: 'come to seek')ζητέω + ἐκ: verbal form meaning "to seek out", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "LORD" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
22
καὶ ἐποίησαν τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ ὅτι εὔφρανεν αὐτοὺς κύριος καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν καρδίαν βασιλέως Ασσουρ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς κραταιῶσαι τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐν ἔργοις οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ Ισραηλ
And they kept the feast of Unleavened Bread seven days with joy, because the Lord made them rejoice and turned the heart of the king of Assyria toward them, to strengthen their hands in the work of the house of the God of Israel.
The chapter ends by assigning the community's joy to the Lord himself. The foreign king's favorable heart is interpreted as divine action for the house of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form meaning "did", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἑορτὴνfeastN1 ASF · ἑορτήdative complement within the clause or phraseἑορτή: nominal or descriptive term meaning "feast" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
ἀζύμωνunleavenedA1B GPM · ἄζυμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἄζυμος: descriptive term meaning "unleavened", qualifying a noun or sharpening the portrayal of persons, things, or circumstance.
ἑπτὰheptaM · ἑπτάindeclinable or proper-name element functioning in the clause as writtenἑπτά: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clauseἡμέρα: nominal or descriptive term meaning "days" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
εὐφροσύνῃgladnessN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentεὐφροσύνη: nominal or descriptive term meaning "gladness" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clauseὅτι: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
εὔφρανενευφραινωVA AAI3S · εὐφραίνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεὐφραίνω: verbal form meaning "ευφραινω", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clauseκύριος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "LORD" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clauseκαί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseστρέφω + ἐπι: verbal form meaning "turned back", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκαρδία: nominal or descriptive term meaning "heart" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical noticeβασιλεύς: nominal or descriptive term meaning "king" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chainAssyria: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐπί: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
κραταιῶσαιto strengthen / repairVA AAN · κραταιόωgenitive articular infinitive of purpose ('in order to strengthen')κραταιόω: verbal form meaning "to strengthen / repair", carrying action, process, command, or reported speech within the restoration narrative.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaχείρ: nominal or descriptive term meaning "hands" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependenceαὐτός: pronoun or determiner marking reference, identity, relation, or possession within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phraseἐν: connective, particle, adverbial, or prepositional form shaping relation, transition, emphasis, or circumstance in the sentence.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clauseἔργον: nominal or descriptive term meaning "works" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termοἶκος: nominal or descriptive term meaning "house" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termθεός: nominal or descriptive term meaning "God" within the return, temple, or imperial-administrative narrative.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceIsrael: proper name within the restoration narrative, identifying a person, place, people-group, or administrative figure.