1
περὶ δὲ τὸν καιρὸν ἐκεῖνον ἐτύγχανεν Ἀντίοχος ἀναλελυκὼς ἀκόσμως ἐκ τῶν περὶ τὴν Περσίδα τόπων
Now about that time it happened that Antiochus was making a disorderly retreat from the regions around Persia.
The chapter opens not with Antiochus in strength but in retreat. His condition is already one of disorder and humiliation before the divine blows intensify.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: preposition rendered 'about' according to its local construction.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
καιρὸνtimeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐκεῖνονhimRD ASM · ἐκεῖνοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐτύγχανενhappenV1I IAI3S · τυγχάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτυγχάνω: lexical item rendered 'happen' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἈντίοχοςAntiochusN2 NSM · Ἀντίοχοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἈντίοχος: proper name rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative setting.
ἀναλελυκὼςwithdrawVX · χαπνσμ λύω + ἀναparticiple supporting the clause actionλύω + ἀνα: lexical item rendered 'withdraw' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀκόσμωςdisgracefullyD · ἀκόσμωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἀκόσμως: connective or particle rendered 'disgracefully', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: preposition rendered 'about' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΠερσίδαPersiaN3D ASF · Περσίςaccusative element functioning as object or complementΠερσίς: proper name rendered 'Persia' in this chapter's narrative setting.
τόπωνregionN2 GPM · τόποςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseτόπος: lexical item rendered 'region' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
2
εἰσεληλύθει γὰρ εἰς τὴν λεγομένην Περσέπολιν καὶ ἐπεχείρησεν ἱεροσυλεῖν καὶ τὴν πόλιν συνέχειν διὸ δὴ τῶν πληθῶν ὁρμησάντων ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν ὅπλων βοήθειαν ἐτράπησαν καὶ συνέβη τροπωθέντα τὸν Ἀντίοχον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων ἀσχήμονα τὴν ἀναζυγὴν ποιήσασθαι
For he had entered the city called Persepolis and had attempted to rob the temple and seize the city, but when the crowds rushed to the defense of their weapons they were driven back, and it happened that Antiochus, turned to flight by the inhabitants, made a shameful retreat.
The narrator explains the background of Antiochus' return: sacrilege and failed domination in Persia. His humiliation among foreigners anticipates the fuller judgment soon to follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
εἰσεληλύθει + eisVX XAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ εἰς: lexical item rendered ' + eis' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective or particle rendered 'for', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
λεγομένηνsayV1 · πμπασφ λέγωparticiple supporting the clause actionλέγω: lexical item rendered 'say' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ΠερσέπολινPersepolisN3I ASF · Περσέπολιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementΠερσέπολις: proper name rendered 'Persepolis' in this chapter's narrative setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐπεχείρησεν + epiVAI AAI3S · χειρέω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἐπι: lexical item rendered ' + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἱεροσυλεῖνrob templesV2 PAN · ἱεροσυλέωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseἱεροσυλέω: lexical item rendered 'rob temples' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
συνέχειν + sunV1 PAN · ἔχω + συνinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ συν: lexical item rendered ' + sun' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
διὸthereforeC · διόconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδιό: connective or particle rendered 'therefore', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
δὴindeedX · δήconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδή: connective or particle rendered 'indeed', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πληθῶνcrowdN3E GPN · πλῆθοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseπλῆθος: lexical item rendered 'crowd' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὁρμησάντωνrushVA · ααπγπν ὁρμάωparticiple supporting the clause actionὁρμάω: lexical item rendered 'rush' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὅπλωνweaponN2N GPN · ὅπλονgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseὅπλον: lexical item rendered 'weapon' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
βοήθειανhelpN1A ASF · βοήθειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementβοήθεια: lexical item rendered 'help' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐτράπησανturnVDI API3P · τρέπωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτρέπω: lexical item rendered 'turn' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
συνέβη + sunVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ συν: lexical item rendered ' + sun' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τροπωθένταput to flightVC · αππαπν τροπόωparticiple supporting the clause actionτροπόω: lexical item rendered 'put to flight' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἈντίοχονAntiochusN2 ASM · Ἀντίοχοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἈντίοχος: proper name rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative setting.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: preposition rendered 'by' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐγχωρίωνnative inhabitantA1B GPM · ἐγχώριοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἐγχώριος: lexical item rendered 'native inhabitant' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀσχήμοναshamefulA1A ASF · ἀσχήμωνaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀσχήμων: lexical item rendered 'shameful' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀναζυγὴνretreatN1 ASF · ἀναζυγήaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀναζυγή: lexical item rendered 'retreat' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ποιήσασθαιmakeVA AMN · ποιέωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseποιέω: lexical item rendered 'make' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
3
ὄντι δὲ αὐτῷ κατ' Ἐκβάτανα προσέπεσεν τὰ κατὰ Νικάνορα καὶ τοὺς περὶ Τιμόθεον γεγονότα
And while he was at Ecbatana there came upon him the news of what had happened to Nicanor and to those with Timothy.
Military news from Judea now intersects with Antiochus' own failed campaign. The king receives confirmation that his commanders have suffered reverses as well.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὄντιbeV9 · παπδσμ εἰμίparticiple supporting the clause actionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςdative complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κατ'the matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
ἘκβάταναEcbatanaN AS · Ἐκβάταναparticle or connective element within the clauseἘκβάτανα: proper name rendered 'Ecbatana' in this chapter's narrative setting.
προσέπεσεν + prosVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + προςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ προς: lexical item rendered ' + pros' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κατὰthe matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
ΝικάνοραNicanorN3R ASM · Νικάνωρaccusative element functioning as object or complementΝικάνωρ: proper name rendered 'Nicanor' in this chapter's narrative setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: preposition rendered 'about' according to its local construction.
ΤιμόθεονTimothyN2 ASM · Τιμόθεοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementΤιμόθεος: proper name rendered 'Timothy' in this chapter's narrative setting.
γεγονόταhappenVX · χαπασμ γίγνομαιparticiple supporting the clause actionγίγνομαι: lexical item rendered 'happen' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
4
ἐπαρθεὶς δὲ τῷ θυμῷ ᾤετο καὶ τὴν τῶν πεφυγαδευκότων αὐτὸν κακίαν εἰς τοὺς Ιουδαίους ἐναπερείσασθαι διὸ συνέταξεν τὸν ἁρματηλάτην ἀδιαλείπτως ἐλαύνοντα κατανύειν τὴν πορείαν τῆς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δὴ κρίσεως συνούσης αὐτῷ οὕτως γὰρ ὑπερηφάνως εἶπεν πολυάνδριον Ιουδαίων Ιεροσόλυμα ποιήσω παραγενόμενος ἐκεῖ
And being lifted up in anger he thought to vent upon the Jews the injury done by those who had put him to flight. Therefore he ordered the charioteer to drive without stopping and complete the journey, while the judgment from heaven was already accompanying him. For he had spoken arrogantly in this way: 'When I arrive there, I will make Jerusalem a mass grave of Jews.'
The king responds to defeat not with reflection but with transferred vengeance. His threat against Jerusalem is framed as the very speech that summons the heavenly judgment already travelling with him.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
ἐπαρθεὶςbe lifted upVC · αππνσμ αἴρω + ἐπιparticiple supporting the clause actionαἴρω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'be lifted up' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςdative complement within the clauseθυμός: lexical item rendered 'wrath' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ᾤετοthinkV1I IMI3S · οἴομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseοἴομαι: lexical item rendered 'think' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πεφυγαδευκότωνput to flightVX · χαπγπμ φυγαδεύωparticiple supporting the clause actionφυγαδεύω: lexical item rendered 'put to flight' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κακίανmaliceN1A ASF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementκακία: lexical item rendered 'malice' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙουδαίουςJewN2 APM · Ἰουδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἸουδαῖος: lexical item rendered 'Jew' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐναπερείσασθαι + enVA AMN · ἀπερείδω + ἐνinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ ἐν: lexical item rendered ' + en' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
διὸthereforeC · διόconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδιό: connective or particle rendered 'therefore', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
συνέταξεν + sunVAI AAI3S · τάσσω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ συν: lexical item rendered ' + sun' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἁρματηλάτηνcharioteerN1M ASM · ἁρματηλάτηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἁρματηλάτης: lexical item rendered 'charioteer' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀδιαλείπτωςunceasinglyD · ἀδιαλείπτωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἀδιαλείπτως: connective or particle rendered 'unceasingly', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐλαύνονταdriveV1 · παπασμ ἐλαύνωparticiple supporting the clause actionἐλαύνω: lexical item rendered 'drive' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κατανύειν + kataV1 PAN · νύω + καταinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ κατα: lexical item rendered ' + kata' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πορείανjourneyN1A ASF · πορείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementπορεία: lexical item rendered 'journey' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὴindeedX · δήconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδή: connective or particle rendered 'indeed', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
κρίσεωςjudgmentN3I GSF · κρίσιςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseκρίσις: lexical item rendered 'judgment' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
συνούσηςeimi + sunV9 · παπγσφ εἰμί + συνparticiple supporting the clause actionεἰμί + συν: lexical item rendered 'eimi + sun' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςdative complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionοὕτως: connective or particle rendered 'thus', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective or particle rendered 'for', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ὑπερηφάνωςarrogantlyD · ὑπερηφάνωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionὑπερηφάνως: connective or particle rendered 'arrogantly', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεἶπον: lexical item rendered 'say' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πολυάνδριονmass graveN2N ASN · πολυάνδριονaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολυάνδριον: lexical item rendered 'mass grave' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἸουδαῖος: proper name rendered 'Jew' in this chapter's narrative setting.
ΙεροσόλυμαIerosolumaN3M ASM · Ιεροσόλυμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementΙεροσόλυμα: proper name rendered 'Ierosoluma' in this chapter's narrative setting.
ποιήσωmakeVA AAS1S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseποιέω: lexical item rendered 'make' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
παραγενόμενοςarriveVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαι + παραparticiple supporting the clause actionγίγνομαι + παρα: lexical item rendered 'arrive' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐκεῖekeiD · ἐκεῖadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἐκεῖ: connective or particle rendered 'ekei', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
5
ὁ δὲ παντεπόπτης κύριος ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν ἀνιάτῳ καὶ ἀοράτῳ πληγῇ ἄρτι δὲ αὐτοῦ καταλήξαντος τὸν λόγον ἔλαβεν αὐτὸν ἀνήκεστος τῶν σπλάγχνων ἀλγηδὼν καὶ πικραὶ τῶν ἔνδον βάσανοι
But the all-seeing Lord, the God of Israel, struck him with an incurable and invisible blow. As soon as he had finished speaking, an unrelenting pain of the bowels seized him, and bitter inward torments,
The judgment is both physical and theological: God of Israel answers the boast at once. The invisible stroke exposes that Antiochus is not master of events but subject to divine power.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
παντεπόπτηςall-seeingA3H NSM · παντεπόπτηςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπαντεπόπτης: lexical item rendered 'all-seeing' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλparticle or connective element within the clauseἸσραήλ: connective or particle rendered 'Israel', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: lexical item rendered 'strike' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀνιάτῳincurableA1B DSM · ἀνίατοςdative complement within the clauseἀνίατος: lexical item rendered 'incurable' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἀοράτῳinvisibleA1B DSM · ἀόρατοςdative complement within the clauseἀόρατος: lexical item rendered 'invisible' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πληγῇblowN1 DSF · πληγήdative complement within the clauseπληγή: lexical item rendered 'blow' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἄρτιjust nowD · ἄρτιadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἄρτι: connective or particle rendered 'just now', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καταλήξαντοςfinishVA · ααπγσμ λήγω + καταparticiple supporting the clause actionλήγω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'finish' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
λόγονspeechN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementλόγος: lexical item rendered 'speech' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔλαβενseizeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: lexical item rendered 'seize' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀνήκεστοςunrelentingA1B NSM · ἀνήκεστοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀνήκεστος: lexical item rendered 'unrelenting' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σπλάγχνωνentrailsN2N GPN · σπλάγχνονgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseσπλάγχνον: lexical item rendered 'entrails' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀλγηδὼνpainN3N NSF · ἀλγηδώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀλγηδών: lexical item rendered 'pain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πικραὶbitterA1A NPF · πικρόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπικρός: lexical item rendered 'bitter' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔνδονinnerD · ἔνδονadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἔνδον: connective or particle rendered 'inner', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
βάσανοιtormentN2 NPF · βάσανοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateβάσανος: lexical item rendered 'torment' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
6
πάνυ δικαίως τὸν πολλαῖς καὶ ξενιζούσαις συμφοραῖς ἑτέρων σπλάγχνα βασανίσαντα
and this very justly, since he had tortured the inward organs of others with many and strange afflictions.
The narrator pauses to interpret the illness morally. Antiochus suffers in his own entrails because he had inflicted savage bodily torment upon others.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πάνυentirelyD · πάνυadverb qualifying the clause or assertionπάνυ: connective or particle rendered 'entirely', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
δικαίωςjustlyD · δικαίωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionδικαίως: connective or particle rendered 'justly', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πολλαῖςmanyA1 DPF · πολύςdative complement within the clauseπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ξενιζούσαιςstrangeV1 · παπδπφ ξενίζωparticiple supporting the clause actionξενίζω: lexical item rendered 'strange' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
συμφοραῖςafflictionN1A DPF · συμφοράdative complement within the clauseσυμφορά: lexical item rendered 'affliction' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἑτέρωνotherA1A GPM · ἕτεροςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'other' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
σπλάγχναentrailsN2N APN · σπλάγχνονaccusative element functioning as object or complementσπλάγχνον: lexical item rendered 'entrails' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
βασανίσανταtortureVA · ααπαπν βασανίζωparticiple supporting the clause actionβασανίζω: lexical item rendered 'torture' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
7
ὁ δ' οὐδαμῶς τῆς ἀγερωχίας ἔληγεν ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας ἐπεπλήρωτο πῦρ πνέων τοῖς θυμοῖς ἐπὶ τοὺς Ιουδαίους καὶ κελεύων ἐποξύνειν τὴν πορείαν συνέβη δὲ καὶ πεσεῖν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἅρματος φερομένου ῥοίζῳ καὶ δυσχερεῖ πτώματι περιπεσόντα πάντα τὰ μέλη τοῦ σώματος ἀποστρεβλοῦσθαι
But he did not at all cease from his insolence; rather he was still filled with arrogance, breathing fire in his rage against the Jews and ordering the journey to be hastened. Then it happened that he fell from the speeding chariot, and the fall was so violent that all the limbs of his body were wrenched out of joint.
Even under pain Antiochus refuses repentance. His continued fury is answered by a dramatic fall that publicly shatters the body once carried in royal speed.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δ'butX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
οὐδαμῶςby no meansD · οὐδαμῶςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionοὐδαμῶς: connective or particle rendered 'by no means', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀγερωχίαςinsolenceN1A GSF · ἀγερωχίαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἀγερωχία: lexical item rendered 'insolence' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔληγενceaseVAI AAI3S · λήγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλήγω: lexical item rendered 'cease' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἔτι: connective or particle rendered 'still', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑπερηφανίαςarroganceN1A GSF · ὑπερηφανίαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseὑπερηφανία: lexical item rendered 'arrogance' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπεπλήρωτοfillV4I IAI3S · πληρόωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπληρόω: lexical item rendered 'fill' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object or complementπῦρ: lexical item rendered 'fire' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πνέωνbreatheV2 · παπνσμ πνέωparticiple supporting the clause actionπνέω: lexical item rendered 'breathe' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θυμοῖςwrathN2 DPM · θυμόςdative complement within the clauseθυμός: lexical item rendered 'wrath' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙουδαίουςJewN2 APM · Ἰουδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἸουδαῖος: lexical item rendered 'Jew' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
κελεύωνorderV1 · παπνσμ κελεύωparticiple supporting the clause actionκελεύω: lexical item rendered 'order' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐποξύνειν + epiV1 PAN · ὀξύνω + ἐπιinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ ἐπι: lexical item rendered ' + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πορείανjourneyN1A ASF · πορείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementπορεία: lexical item rendered 'journey' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
συνέβη + sunVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ συν: lexical item rendered ' + sun' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πεσεῖνpiptoVB AAN · πίπτωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseπίπτω: lexical item rendered 'pipto' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἅρματοςchariotN3M GSN · ἅρμαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἅρμα: lexical item rendered 'chariot' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
φερομένουbearV1 · πμπγσμ φέρωparticiple supporting the clause actionφέρω: lexical item rendered 'bear' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ῥοίζῳrushA1 DSN · ῥοῖζοςdative complement within the clauseῥοῖζος: lexical item rendered 'rush' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
δυσχερεῖviolentA3H DSN · δυσχερήςdative complement within the clauseδυσχερής: lexical item rendered 'violent' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πτώματιfallN3M DSN · πτῶμαdative complement within the clauseπτῶμα: lexical item rendered 'fall' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
περιπεσόνταfall intoVF · φαπασμ πίπτω + περιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπίπτω + περι: lexical item rendered 'fall into' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μέληlimbN3E APN · μέλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementμέλος: lexical item rendered 'limb' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σώματοςbodyN3M GSN · σῶμαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseσῶμα: lexical item rendered 'body' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀποστρεβλοῦσθαι + apoVA AAN · στρεβλόω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ ἀπο: lexical item rendered ' + apo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
8
ὁ δ' ἄρτι δοκῶν τοῖς τῆς θαλάσσης κύμασιν ἐπιτάσσειν διὰ τὴν ὑπὲρ ἄνθρωπον ἀλαζονείαν καὶ πλάστιγγι τὰ τῶν ὀρέων οἰόμενος ὕψη στήσειν κατὰ γῆν γενόμενος ἐν φορείῳ παρεκομίζετο φανερὰν τοῦ θεοῦ πᾶσιν τὴν δύναμιν ἐνδεικνύμενος
And the one who had just thought, in his superhuman arrogance, that he could command the waves of the sea and weigh the heights of the mountains in a balance was now brought down to earth and carried in a litter, making the power of God plain to all.
The verse contrasts imperial fantasy with mortal helplessness. Antiochus who imagined cosmic mastery is reduced to being carried by others as evidence of God's power.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δ'butX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἄρτιjust nowD · ἄρτιadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἄρτι: connective or particle rendered 'just now', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
δοκῶνseemV2 · παπνσμ δοκέωparticiple supporting the clause actionδοκέω: lexical item rendered 'seem' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseθάλασσα: lexical item rendered 'sea' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κύμασινwaveN3M DPN · κῦμαdative complement within the clauseκῦμα: lexical item rendered 'wave' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπιτάσσειν + epiV1 PAN · τάσσω + ἐπιinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ ἐπι: lexical item rendered ' + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'because of' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑπὲρbeyondP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered 'beyond' according to its local construction.
ἄνθρωπονhumanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'human' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀλαζονείανboastfulnessN1A ASF · ἀλαζονείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀλαζονεία: lexical item rendered 'boastfulness' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πλάστιγγιbalanceN3G DSF · πλάστιγξdative complement within the clauseπλάστιγξ: lexical item rendered 'balance' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὀρέωνmountainN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οἰόμενοςthinkV1 · πμπνσμ οἴομαιparticiple supporting the clause actionοἴομαι: lexical item rendered 'think' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὕψηheightN3E APN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὕψος: lexical item rendered 'height' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
στήσεινsetVF FAN · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἵστημι: lexical item rendered 'set' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κατὰthe matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or complementγῆ: lexical item rendered 'earth' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
γενόμενοςhappenVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαιparticiple supporting the clause actionγίγνομαι: lexical item rendered 'happen' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐνenP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'en' according to its local construction.
φορείῳlitterN2N DSN · φορεῖονdative complement within the clauseφορεῖον: lexical item rendered 'litter' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
παρεκομίζετο + paraV1I IMI3S · κομίζω + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ παρα: lexical item rendered ' + para' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
φανερὰνplainA1A ASF · φανερόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementφανερός: lexical item rendered 'plain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative complement within the clauseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δύναμινpowerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementδύναμις: lexical item rendered 'power' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐνδεικνύμενοςdisplayV5 · πμπνσμ δεικνύω + ἐνparticiple supporting the clause actionδεικνύω + ἐν: lexical item rendered 'display' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
9
ὥστε καὶ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ δυσσεβοῦς σκώληκας ἀναζεῖν καὶ ζῶντος ἐν ὀδύναις καὶ ἀλγηδόσιν τὰς σάρκας αὐτοῦ διαπίπτειν ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς ὀσμῆς αὐτοῦ πᾶν τὸ στρατόπεδον βαρύνεσθαι τὴν σαπρίαν
So that from the body of the ungodly man worms swarmed, and while he was still alive in pain and anguish his flesh rotted away, and because of his stench the whole camp was burdened by the decay.
The punishment grows grotesquely physical. The decay of Antiochus' body externalizes the inner corruption of the persecutor and turns his camp into a witness against him.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὥστε: connective or particle rendered 'so that', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σώματοςbodyN3M GSN · σῶμαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseσῶμα: lexical item rendered 'body' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δυσσεβοῦςimpiousA3H GSM · δυσσεβήςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseδυσσεβής: lexical item rendered 'impious' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
σκώληκαςwormN3K APM · σκώληξaccusative element functioning as object or complementσκώληξ: lexical item rendered 'worm' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀναζεῖν + anaV2 PAN · ζέω + ἀναinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ ἀνα: lexical item rendered ' + ana' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ζῶντοςliveV3 · παπγσμ ζάωparticiple supporting the clause actionζάω: lexical item rendered 'live' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐνenP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'en' according to its local construction.
ὀδύναιςpainN1 DPF · ὀδύνηdative complement within the clauseὀδύνη: lexical item rendered 'pain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἀλγηδόσινpainN3N DPF · ἀλγηδώνdative complement within the clauseἀλγηδών: lexical item rendered 'pain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξaccusative element functioning as object or complementσάρξ: lexical item rendered 'flesh' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
διαπίπτειν + diaV1 PAN · πίπτω + διαinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ δια: lexical item rendered ' + dia' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: preposition rendered 'by' according to its local construction.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὀσμῆςsmellN1 GSF · ὀσμήgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseὀσμή: lexical item rendered 'smell' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
στρατόπεδονcampN2N ASN · στρατόπεδονaccusative element functioning as object or complementστρατόπεδον: lexical item rendered 'camp' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
βαρύνεσθαιburdenV1 PMN · βαρύνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβαρύνω: lexical item rendered 'burden' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σαπρίανdecayN1A ASF · σαπρίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementσαπρία: lexical item rendered 'decay' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
10
καὶ τὸν μικρῷ πρότερον τῶν οὐρανίων ἄστρων ἅπτεσθαι δοκοῦντα παρακομίζειν οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο διὰ τὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς ἀφόρητον βάρος
And the one who a little before had thought he could touch the stars of heaven no one was able to carry because of the unbearable weight of his stench.
The narrator sharpens the irony by contrasting celestial ambition with bodily putrefaction. Antiochus has become too foul to bear, though he once imagined himself reaching the heavens.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μικρῷshortlyA1A DSM · μικρόςdative complement within the clauseμικρός: lexical item rendered 'shortly' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πρότερονbeforeD · πρότερονadverb qualifying the clause or assertionπρότερον: connective or particle rendered 'before', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
οὐρανίωνouraniosA1A GPN · οὐράνιοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseοὐράνιος: lexical item rendered 'ouranios' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἄστρωνastronN2N GPN · ἄστρονgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἄστρον: lexical item rendered 'astron' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἅπτεσθαιaptomaiV1 PMN · ἅπτομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἅπτομαι: lexical item rendered 'aptomai' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δοκοῦνταseemV2 · παπαπν δοκέωparticiple supporting the clause actionδοκέω: lexical item rendered 'seem' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
παρακομίζειν + paraV1 PAN · κομίζω + παραinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ παρα: lexical item rendered ' + para' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateοὐδείς: lexical item rendered 'no one' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐδύνατοbe ableV6I IMI3S · δύναμαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδύναμαι: lexical item rendered 'be able' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'because of' according to its local construction.
τὸtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὀσμῆςsmellN1 GSF · ὀσμήgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseὀσμή: lexical item rendered 'smell' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀφόρητονunbearableA1B ASM · ἀφόρητοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀφόρητος: lexical item rendered 'unbearable' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
βάροςweightN3E NSN · βάροςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateβάρος: lexical item rendered 'weight' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
11
ἐνταῦθα οὖν ἤρξατο τὸ πολὺ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας λήγειν τεθραυσμένος καὶ εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἔρχεσθαι θείᾳ μάστιγι κατὰ στιγμὴν ἐπιτεινόμενος ταῖς ἀλγηδόσιν
Then at last, broken in no small measure, he began to cease from his great arrogance and to come to an understanding, being lashed by God to greater pain moment by moment.
The king's change is not noble repentance but collapse under compulsion. Divine scourging steadily disciplines him into a reluctant recognition of limits.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐνταῦθαthereD · ἐνταῦθαadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἐνταῦθα: connective or particle rendered 'there', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὖν: connective or particle rendered 'therefore', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἤρξατοbeginVAI AMI3S · ἄρχωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἄρχω: lexical item rendered 'begin' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πολὺmanyA3U ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑπερηφανίαςarroganceN1A GSF · ὑπερηφανίαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseὑπερηφανία: lexical item rendered 'arrogance' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
λήγεινceaseV1 PAN · λήγωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseλήγω: lexical item rendered 'cease' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τεθραυσμένοςthrauoVM · χμπνσμ θραύωparticiple supporting the clause actionθραύω: lexical item rendered 'thrauo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
ἐπίγνωσινrecognitionN3I ASF · ἐπίγνωσιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐπίγνωσις: lexical item rendered 'recognition' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔρχεσθαιcomeV1 PMN · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἔρχομαι: lexical item rendered 'come' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
θείᾳdivineA1A DSF · θεῖοςdative complement within the clauseθεῖος: lexical item rendered 'divine' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
μάστιγιscourgeN3G DSF · μάστιξdative complement within the clauseμάστιξ: lexical item rendered 'scourge' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κατὰthe matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
στιγμὴνmomentN1 ASF · στιγμήaccusative element functioning as object or complementστιγμή: lexical item rendered 'moment' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπιτεινόμενοςteino + epiV1 · πμπνσμ τείνω + ἐπιparticiple supporting the clause actionτείνω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'teino + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀλγηδόσινpainN3N DPF · ἀλγηδώνdative complement within the clauseἀλγηδών: lexical item rendered 'pain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
12
καὶ μηδὲ τῆς ὀσμῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμενος ἀνέχεσθαι ταῦτ' ἔφη δίκαιον ὑποτάσσεσθαι τῷ θεῷ καὶ μὴ θνητὸν ὄντα ἰσόθεα φρονεῖν
And since he could not endure even his own smell, he spoke thus: 'It is right to submit to God and, being mortal, not to think thoughts equal to God.'
At the point of unbearable degradation Antiochus finally articulates the truth he had denied. The confession is theologically correct, though it comes only under judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
μηδὲmedeC · μηδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμηδέ: connective or particle rendered 'mede', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὀσμῆςsmellN1 GSF · ὀσμήgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseὀσμή: lexical item rendered 'smell' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δυνάμενοςbe ableV6 · πμπνσμ δύναμαιparticiple supporting the clause actionδύναμαι: lexical item rendered 'be able' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀνέχεσθαι + anaV1 PMN · ἔχω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἀνα: lexical item rendered ' + ana' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ταῦτ'these thingsRD APN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these things' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔφηphemiV6I IAI3S · φημίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφημί: lexical item rendered 'phemi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δίκαιονjustA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'just' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὑποτάσσεσθαι + upoV1 PMN · τάσσω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ὑπο: lexical item rendered ' + upo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative complement within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
μὴnotD · μήadverb qualifying the clause or assertionμή: connective or particle rendered 'not', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
θνητὸνmortalA1 ASM · θνητόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθνητός: lexical item rendered 'mortal' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὄνταbeV9 · παπασμ εἰμίparticiple supporting the clause actionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἰσόθεαequal to GodA1B APN · ἰσόθεοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἰσόθεος: lexical item rendered 'equal to God' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
φρονεῖνthinkV2 PAN · φρονέωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseφρονέω: lexical item rendered 'think' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
13
ηὔχετο δὲ ὁ μιαρὸς πρὸς τὸν οὐκέτι αὐτὸν ἐλεήσοντα δεσπότην οὕτως λέγων
And the wretch prayed to the Master who would no longer show him mercy, speaking in this way:
The narrator frames the prayer with irony and severity. Antiochus begs the very Lord whose mercy he can no longer presume upon.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ηὔχετοprayV1I IMI3S · εὔχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεὔχομαι: lexical item rendered 'pray' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μιαρὸςfoulA1A NSM · μιαρόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμιαρός: lexical item rendered 'foul' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πρὸςbesidesP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'besides' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause or assertionοὐκέτι: connective or particle rendered 'no longer', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐλεήσονταshow mercyVF · φαπασμ ἐλεέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἐλεέω: lexical item rendered 'show mercy' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δεσπότηνMasterN1M ASM · δεσπότηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementδεσπότης: lexical item rendered 'Master' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionοὕτως: connective or particle rendered 'thus', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple supporting the clause actionλέγω: lexical item rendered 'say' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
14
τὴν μὲν ἁγίαν πόλιν ἣν σπεύδων παρεγίνετο ἰσόπεδον ποιῆσαι καὶ πολυάνδριον οἰκοδομῆσαι ἐλευθέραν ἀναδεῖξαι
that he would declare free the holy city, to which he had been hurrying to level it with the ground and make it a graveyard,
The prayer begins by reversing the king's earlier threat. What he had vowed to devastate he now promises to honor and release.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μὲνmenX · μένconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμέν: connective or particle rendered 'men', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἁγίανholyA1A ASF · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἅγιος: lexical item rendered 'holy' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἣνwhichRR ASF · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
σπεύδωνhurryV1 · παπνσμ σπεύδωparticiple supporting the clause actionσπεύδω: lexical item rendered 'hurry' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
παρεγίνετο + paraV1I IMI3S · γίγνομαι + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ παρα: lexical item rendered ' + para' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἰσόπεδονlevel with the groundA1B ASF · ἰσόπεδοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἰσόπεδος: lexical item rendered 'level with the ground' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ποιῆσαιmakeVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseποιέω: lexical item rendered 'make' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πολυάνδριονmass graveN2N ASN · πολυάνδριονaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολυάνδριον: lexical item rendered 'mass grave' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οἰκοδομῆσαιbuildVA AAN · οἰκοδομέωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseοἰκοδομέω: lexical item rendered 'build' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐλευθέρανfreeA1A ASF · ἐλεύθεροςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐλεύθερος: lexical item rendered 'free' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀναδεῖξαι + anaVA AAN · δεικνύω + ἀναinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ ἀνα: lexical item rendered ' + ana' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
15
τοὺς δὲ Ιουδαίους οὓς διεγνώκει μηδὲ ταφῆς ἀξιῶσαι οἰωνοβρώτους δὲ σὺν τοῖς νηπίοις ἐκρίψειν θηρίοις πάντας αὐτοὺς ἴσους Ἀθηναίοις ποιήσειν
and that he would make the Jews, whom he had resolved not even to count worthy of burial but to cast out with their infants to the birds and wild beasts, equal to the Athenians,
Antiochus promises not merely to spare the Jews but to elevate them. The contrast with his former murderous contempt is intentionally extreme.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ΙουδαίουςJewN2 APM · Ἰουδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἸουδαῖος: lexical item rendered 'Jew' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οὓςwhichRR APM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
διεγνώκει + diaVXI YAI3S · γιγνώσκω + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ δια: lexical item rendered ' + dia' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
μηδὲmedeC · μηδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμηδέ: connective or particle rendered 'mede', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ταφῆςburialN1 GSF · ταφήgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseταφή: lexical item rendered 'burial' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀξιῶσαιcount worthyVA AAN · ἀξιόωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseἀξιόω: lexical item rendered 'count worthy' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οἰωνοβρώτουςoionobrotosN2 APM · οἰωνόβρωτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοἰωνόβρωτος: lexical item rendered 'oionobrotos' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
σὺνsunP · σύνpreposition governing its complementσύν: preposition rendered 'sun' according to its local construction.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
νηπίοιςinfantA1A DPM · νήπιοςdative complement within the clauseνήπιος: lexical item rendered 'infant' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐκρίψεινkriptoVXI XAN · κρίπτωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseκρίπτω: lexical item rendered 'kripto' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
θηρίοιςwild beastN2N DPN · θηρίονdative complement within the clauseθηρίον: lexical item rendered 'wild beast' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτοὺςhimRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἴσουςequalA1 APM · ἴσοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἴσος: lexical item rendered 'equal' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἈθηναίοιςAthenianN2 DPM · Ἀθηναῖοςdative complement within the clauseἈθηναῖος: lexical item rendered 'Athenian' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ποιήσεινmakeVF FAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseποιέω: lexical item rendered 'make' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
16
ὃν δὲ πρότερον ἐσκύλευσεν ἅγιον νεὼ καλλίστοις ἀναθήμασιν κοσμήσειν καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ σκεύη πολυπλάσια πάντα ἀποδώσειν τὰς δὲ ἐπιβαλλούσας πρὸς τὰς θυσίας συντάξεις ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων προσόδων χορηγήσειν
and that he would adorn with the finest offerings the holy temple which he had plundered before, and restore all the sacred vessels many times over, and supply from his own revenues the expenses required for the sacrifices,
The king now proposes restoration where he had made sacrilege. The temple he attacked becomes the object of lavish compensation and royal subsidy.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πρότερονbeforeD · πρότερονadverb qualifying the clause or assertionπρότερον: connective or particle rendered 'before', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐσκύλευσενplunderVAI AAI3S · σκυλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseσκυλεύω: lexical item rendered 'plunder' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἅγιονholyA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἅγιος: lexical item rendered 'holy' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
νεὼtempleN2 ASM · νεώςaccusative element functioning as object or complementνεώς: lexical item rendered 'temple' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καλλίστοιςkalosA1 DPMS · καλόςdative complement within the clauseκαλός: lexical item rendered 'kalos' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀναθήμασινanathemaN3M DPN · ἀνάθεμαdative complement within the clauseἀνάθεμα: lexical item rendered 'anathema' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κοσμήσεινadornVF FAN · κοσμέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseκοσμέω: lexical item rendered 'adorn' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἱερὰsacredA1A APN · ἱερόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἱερός: lexical item rendered 'sacred' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementσκεῦος: lexical item rendered 'vessel' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πολυπλάσιαmany times overA1A APN · πολυπλάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολυπλάσιος: lexical item rendered 'many times over' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀποδώσειν + apoVF FAN · δίδωμι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἀπο: lexical item rendered ' + apo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐπιβαλλούσαςballo + epiV1 · παπαπφ βάλλω + ἐπιparticiple supporting the clause actionβάλλω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'ballo + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πρὸςbesidesP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'besides' according to its local construction.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θυσίαςthusiaN1A APF · θυσίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementθυσία: lexical item rendered 'thusia' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
συντάξειςexpenseN3I APF · σύνταξιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύνταξις: lexical item rendered 'expense' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἰδίωνownA1A GPM · ἴδιοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἴδιος: lexical item rendered 'own' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
προσόδωνrevenueN2 GPF · πρόσοδοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseπρόσοδος: lexical item rendered 'revenue' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
χορηγήσεινsupplyVF FAN · χορηγέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseχορηγέω: lexical item rendered 'supply' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
17
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις καὶ Ιουδαῖον ἔσεσθαι καὶ πάντα τόπον οἰκητὸν ἐπελεύσεσθαι καταγγέλλοντα τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κράτος
and besides these things that he would also become a Jew and go through every inhabited place proclaiming the power of God.
The vow reaches its rhetorical peak in a promise of personal conversion and universal proclamation. The chapter lets the excess of the pledge underscore the king's desperation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
πρὸςbesidesP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'besides' according to its local construction.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τούτοιςhimRD DPM · οὗτοςdative complement within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ΙουδαῖονJewN2 ASM · Ἰουδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἸουδαῖος: lexical item rendered 'Jew' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔσεσθαιbeVF FMN · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τόπονregionN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτόπος: lexical item rendered 'region' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οἰκητὸνinhabitedA1 ASM · οἰκητόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοἰκητός: lexical item rendered 'inhabited' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπελεύσεσθαι + epiVF FMN · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἐπι: lexical item rendered ' + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καταγγέλλονταaggello + kataV1 · παπασμ ἀγγέλλω + καταparticiple supporting the clause actionἀγγέλλω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'aggello + kata' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κράτοςmightN3E ASN · κράτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκράτος: lexical item rendered 'might' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
18
οὐδαμῶς δὲ ληγόντων τῶν πόνων ἐπεληλύθει γὰρ ἐπ' αὐτὸν δικαία ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ κρίσις τὰ κατ' αὐτὸν ἀπελπίσας ἔγραψεν πρὸς τοὺς Ιουδαίους τὴν ὑπογεγραμμένην ἐπιστολὴν ἱκετηρίας τάξιν ἔχουσαν περιέχουσαν δὲ οὕτως
But when the pains did not cease at all, for the just judgment of God had come upon him, despairing of his own condition he wrote to the Jews the letter written below, having the form of a supplication and containing these things:
The failure of pain to relent proves that speech alone cannot undo judgment. Antiochus therefore turns to a formal letter cast as a plea.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
οὐδαμῶςby no meansD · οὐδαμῶςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionοὐδαμῶς: connective or particle rendered 'by no means', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ληγόντωνceaseV1 · παπγπμ λήγωparticiple supporting the clause actionλήγω: lexical item rendered 'cease' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πόνωνpainN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseπόνος: lexical item rendered 'pain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπεληλύθει + epiVX XAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἐπι: lexical item rendered ' + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective or particle rendered 'for', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δικαίαjustA1A NSF · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'just' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateκρίσις: lexical item rendered 'judgment' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κατ'the matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀπελπίσαςelpizo + apoVA · ααπνσμ ἐλπίζω + ἀποparticiple supporting the clause actionἐλπίζω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'elpizo + apo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔγραψενwriteVAI AAI3S · γράφωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγράφω: lexical item rendered 'write' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πρὸςbesidesP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'besides' according to its local construction.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙουδαίουςJewN2 APM · Ἰουδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἸουδαῖος: lexical item rendered 'Jew' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑπογεγραμμένηνgrapho + upoVP · χμπασφ γράφω + ὑποparticiple supporting the clause actionγράφω + ὑπο: lexical item rendered 'grapho + upo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπιστολὴνletterN1 ASF · ἐπιστολήaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐπιστολή: lexical item rendered 'letter' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἱκετηρίαςiketeriosA1A GSF · ἱκετήριοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἱκετήριος: lexical item rendered 'iketerios' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τάξινformN3I ASF · τάξιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτάξις: lexical item rendered 'form' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔχουσανhaveV1 · παπασφ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω: lexical item rendered 'have' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
περιέχουσανecho + periV1 · παπασφ ἔχω + περιparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω + περι: lexical item rendered 'echo + peri' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionοὕτως: connective or particle rendered 'thus', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
19
τοῖς χρηστοῖς Ιουδαίοις τοῖς πολίταις πολλὰ χαίρειν καὶ ὑγιαίνειν καὶ εὖ πράττειν βασιλεὺς καὶ στρατηγὸς Ἀντίοχος
'King and general Antiochus to the worthy Jewish citizens: many greetings and health and prosperity.'
The persecutor adopts the language of royal goodwill. The polished opening stands in tension with the violence that has made the letter necessary.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
χρηστοῖςworthyA1 DPM · χρηστόςdative complement within the clauseχρηστός: lexical item rendered 'worthy' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ΙουδαίοιςJewN2 DPM · Ἰουδαῖοςdative complement within the clauseἸουδαῖος: lexical item rendered 'Jew' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πολίταιςcitizenN1 DPM · πολίτηςdative complement within the clauseπολίτης: lexical item rendered 'citizen' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πολλὰmanyA1 APN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
χαίρεινgreetingsV1 PAN · χαίρωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseχαίρω: lexical item rendered 'greetings' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ὑγιαίνεινbe in healthV1 PAN · ὑγιαίνωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseὑγιαίνω: lexical item rendered 'be in health' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
εὖwellD · εὖadverb qualifying the clause or assertionεὖ: connective or particle rendered 'well', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πράττεινfareV1 PAN · πράσσωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseπράσσω: lexical item rendered 'fare' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
βασιλεὺςbasileusN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'basileus' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
στρατηγὸςgeneralN2 NSM · στρατηγόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateστρατηγός: lexical item rendered 'general' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἈντίοχοςAntiochusN2 NSM · Ἀντίοχοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἈντίοχος: proper name rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative setting.
20
εἰ ἔρρωσθε καὶ τὰ τέκνα καὶ τὰ ἴδια κατὰ γνώμην ἐστὶν ὑμῖν εἰς οὐρανὸν τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχων
'If you and your children are well and your own affairs are as you wish, I give very great thanks, since I have my hope in heaven.'
Antiochus writes in the style of benevolent correspondence. Even here he presents himself as one who now looks upward for hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or particle shaping the clause relationεἰ: connective or particle rendered 'if', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἔρρωσθεbe wellVMI XMD2P · ῥώννυμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseῥώννυμι: lexical item rendered 'be well' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object or complementτέκνον: lexical item rendered 'children' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἴδιαownA1A APN · ἴδιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἴδιος: lexical item rendered 'own' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κατὰthe matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
γνώμηνwishN1 ASF · γνώμηaccusative element functioning as object or complementγνώμη: lexical item rendered 'wish' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐστὶνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὑμῖνyouRP DP · σύdative complement within the clauseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐλπίς: lexical item rendered 'hope' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἔχωνhaveV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω: lexical item rendered 'have' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
21
ὑμῶν τὴν τιμὴν καὶ τὴν εὔνοιαν ἐμνημόνευον φιλοστόργως ἐπανάγων ἐκ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Περσίδα τόπων καὶ περιπεσὼν ἀσθενείᾳ δυσχέρειαν ἐχούσῃ ἀναγκαῖον ἡγησάμην φροντίσαι τῆς κοινῆς πάντων ἀσφαλείας
'Remembering your honor and goodwill with affection, as I was returning from the regions of Persia and fell into a grievous illness, I thought it necessary to take thought for the common safety of all,'
The letter shifts from courtesy to justification. His bodily weakness becomes the reason for arranging affairs of succession and public stability.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τιμὴνhonorN1 ASF · τιμήaccusative element functioning as object or complementτιμή: lexical item rendered 'honor' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὔνοιανgoodwillN1A ASF · εὔνοιαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὔνοια: lexical item rendered 'goodwill' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐμνημόνευονrememberV1I IAI3P · μνημονεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseμνημονεύω: lexical item rendered 'remember' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
φιλοστόργωςwith affectionD · φιλοστόργωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionφιλοστόργως: connective or particle rendered 'with affection', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐπανάγωνbring backV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + ἐπι + ἀναparticiple supporting the clause actionἄγω + ἐπι + ἀνα: lexical item rendered 'bring back' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κατὰthe matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΠερσίδαPersiaN3D ASF · Περσίςaccusative element functioning as object or complementΠερσίς: proper name rendered 'Persia' in this chapter's narrative setting.
τόπωνregionN2 GPM · τόποςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseτόπος: lexical item rendered 'region' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
περιπεσὼνfall intoVB · ααπνσμ πίπτω + περιparticiple supporting the clause actionπίπτω + περι: lexical item rendered 'fall into' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀσθενείᾳillnessN1A DSF · ἀσθένειαdative complement within the clauseἀσθένεια: lexical item rendered 'illness' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δυσχέρειανduschereiaN1A ASF · δυσχέρειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementδυσχέρεια: lexical item rendered 'duschereia' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐχούσῃhaveV1 · παπδσφ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω: lexical item rendered 'have' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀναγκαῖονnecessaryA1A ASM · ἀναγκαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀναγκαῖος: lexical item rendered 'necessary' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἡγησάμηνconsiderVAI AMI1S · ἡγέομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἡγέομαι: lexical item rendered 'consider' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
φροντίσαιtake thoughtVA AAN · φροντίζωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clauseφροντίζω: lexical item rendered 'take thought' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κοινῆςcommonA1 GSF · κοινόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseκοινός: lexical item rendered 'common' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀσφαλείαςsecurityN1A GSF · ἀσφάλειαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἀσφάλεια: lexical item rendered 'security' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
22
οὐκ ἀπογινώσκων τὰ κατ' ἐμαυτόν ἀλλὰ ἔχων πολλὴν ἐλπίδα ἐκφεύξεσθαι τὴν ἀσθένειαν
'not despairing of my condition, but having great hope of escaping the sickness.'
The line preserves royal composure even while the reader knows the end is near. Antiochus still writes as though recovery remains possible.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐκouD · οὐadverb qualifying the clause or assertionοὐ: connective or particle rendered 'ou', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἀπογινώσκωνgignosko + apoV1 · παπνσμ γιγνώσκω + ἀποparticiple supporting the clause actionγιγνώσκω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'gignosko + apo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κατ'the matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
ἐμαυτόνhimRD ASM · ἐμαυτοῦaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐμαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἔχωνhaveV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω: lexical item rendered 'have' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πολλὴνmanyA1 ASF · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐλπίς: lexical item rendered 'hope' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐκφεύξεσθαι + ekVF FMN · φεύγω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἐκ: lexical item rendered ' + ek' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀσθένειανillnessN1A ASF · ἀσθένειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀσθένεια: lexical item rendered 'illness' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
23
θεωρῶν δὲ ὅτι καὶ ὁ πατήρ καθ' οὓς καιροὺς εἰς τοὺς ἄνω τόπους ἐστρατοπέδευσεν ἀνέδειξεν τὸν διαδεξάμενον
'And observing that my father also, whenever he campaigned in the upper regions, appointed the one who would succeed him,'
The letter invokes earlier royal practice to normalize what he is about to do. Succession is presented as prudent continuity rather than panic.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
θεωρῶνobserveV2 · παπνσμ θεωρέωparticiple supporting the clause actionθεωρέω: lexical item rendered 'observe' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ὅτιotiC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective or particle rendered 'oti', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπατήρ: lexical item rendered 'father' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καθ'the matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
οὓςwhichRR APM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καιροὺςtimeN2 APM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἄνωupperD · ἄνωadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἄνω: connective or particle rendered 'upper', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τόπουςregionN2 APM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτόπος: lexical item rendered 'region' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐστρατοπέδευσενcampaignVAI AAI3S · στρατοπεδεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseστρατοπεδεύω: lexical item rendered 'campaign' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀνέδειξεν + anaVAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἀνα: lexical item rendered ' + ana' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
διαδεξάμενονdechomai + diaVA · αμπασμ δέχομαι + διαparticiple supporting the clause actionδέχομαι + δια: lexical item rendered 'dechomai + dia' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
24
ὅπως ἐάν τι παράδοξον ἀποβαίνῃ ἢ καὶ προσαγγελθῇ τι δυσχερές εἰδότες οἱ κατὰ τὴν χώραν ᾧ καταλέλειπται τὰ πράγματα μὴ ἐπιταράσσωνται
'so that if anything unexpected should happen or any grave report should be brought, those in the country, knowing to whom the government had been left, might not be thrown into confusion,'
The concern here is public order. Antiochus wants his realm to know where authority rests if sudden disaster overtakes him.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅπως: connective or particle rendered 'so that', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐάνifC · ἐάνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἐάν: connective or particle rendered 'if', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τιtisRI ASN · τιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτις: lexical item rendered 'tis' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
παράδοξονdokeo + paraVF · φαπασν δοκέω + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδοκέω + παρα: lexical item rendered 'dokeo + para' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀποβαίνῃ + apoV1 PAS3S · βαίνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἀπο: lexical item rendered ' + apo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἢeC · ἤconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἤ: connective or particle rendered 'e', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
προσαγγελθῇ + prosVC APS3S · ἀγγέλλω + προςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ προς: lexical item rendered ' + pros' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τιtisRI ASN · τιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτις: lexical item rendered 'tis' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δυσχερέςviolentA3H ASN · δυσχερήςaccusative element functioning as object or complementδυσχερής: lexical item rendered 'violent' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
εἰδότεςeideoVB · ααπνπμ εἰδέωparticiple supporting the clause actionεἰδέω: lexical item rendered 'eideo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κατὰthe matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
χώρανcountryN1A ASF · χώραaccusative element functioning as object or complementχώρα: lexical item rendered 'country' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςdative complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καταλέλειπται + kataVP XMI3S · λείπω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ κατα: lexical item rendered ' + kata' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πράγματαaffairsN3M APN · πρᾶγμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementπρᾶγμα: lexical item rendered 'affairs' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
μὴnotD · μήadverb qualifying the clause or assertionμή: connective or particle rendered 'not', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἐπιταράσσωνται + epiVA AMS3P · ταράσσω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἐπι: lexical item rendered ' + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
25
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις κατανοῶν τοὺς παρακειμένους δυνάστας καὶ γειτνιῶντας τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῖς καιροῖς ἐπέχοντας καὶ προσδοκῶντας τὸ ἀποβησόμενον ἀναδέδειχα τὸν υἱὸν Ἀντίοχον βασιλέα ὃν πολλάκις ἀνατρέχων εἰς τὰς ἐπάνω σατραπείας τοῖς πλείστοις ὑμῶν παρεκατετιθέμην καὶ συνίστων γέγραφα δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν τὰ ὑπογεγραμμένα
'and besides this, considering that the neighboring rulers and those bordering on the kingdom are watching the occasions and expecting what will happen, I have appointed my son Antiochus king, whom I often entrusted and commended to many of you whenever I was travelling to the upper satrapies; and I have written to him what is written below.'
External political pressure makes the succession urgent. The king presents the appointment of his son as both strategic necessity and familiar policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
πρὸςbesidesP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'besides' according to its local construction.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τούτοιςhimRD DPM · οὗτοςdative complement within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κατανοῶνnoeo + kataV2 · παπνσμ νοέω + καταparticiple supporting the clause actionνοέω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'noeo + kata' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παρακειμένουςlie nearV5 · πμπαπμ κεῖμαι + παραparticiple supporting the clause actionκεῖμαι + παρα: lexical item rendered 'lie near' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δυνάσταςrulerN1M APM · δυνάστηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementδυνάστης: lexical item rendered 'ruler' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
γειτνιῶνταςborder onV3 · παπαπμ γειτνιάωparticiple supporting the clause actionγειτνιάω: lexical item rendered 'border on' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαdative complement within the clauseβασιλεία: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
καιροῖςtimeN2 DPM · καιρόςdative complement within the clauseκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπέχονταςecho + epiV1 · παπαπμ ἔχω + ἐπιparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'echo + epi' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
προσδοκῶνταςdokao + prosV3 · παπαπμ δοκάω + προςparticiple supporting the clause actionδοκάω + προς: lexical item rendered 'dokao + pros' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀποβησόμενονbaino + apoVF · φμπασν βαίνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβαίνω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'baino + apo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἀναδέδειχα + anaVX XAI1S · δεικνύω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἀνα: lexical item rendered ' + ana' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἈντίοχονAntiochusN2 ASM · Ἀντίοχοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἈντίοχος: proper name rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative setting.
βασιλέαbasileusN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'basileus' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
πολλάκιςoftenD · πολλάκιςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionπολλάκις: connective or particle rendered 'often', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἀνατρέχωνgo upV1 · παπνσμ τρέχω + ἀναparticiple supporting the clause actionτρέχω + ἀνα: lexical item rendered 'go up' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐπάνωupperD · ἐπάνωadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἐπάνω: connective or particle rendered 'upper', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
σατραπείαςsatrapyN1A APF · σατραπείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementσατραπεία: lexical item rendered 'satrapy' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πλείστοιςmanyA1 DPMS · πολύςdative complement within the clauseπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
παρεκατετιθέμην + para + kataV7I IMI1S · τίθημι + παρα + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ παρα + κατα: lexical item rendered ' + para + kata' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
συνίστωνistemi + sunV6 · παπνσμ ἵστημι + συνparticiple supporting the clause actionἵστημι + συν: lexical item rendered 'istemi + sun' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
γέγραφαwriteVX XAI1S · γράφωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγράφω: lexical item rendered 'write' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
πρὸςbesidesP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'besides' according to its local construction.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑπογεγραμμέναgrapho + upoVP · χμπαπν γράφω + ὑποparticiple supporting the clause actionγράφω + ὑπο: lexical item rendered 'grapho + upo' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
26
παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀξιῶ μεμνημένους τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν κοινῇ καὶ κατ' ἰδίαν ἕκαστον συντηρεῖν τὴν οὖσαν εὔνοιαν εἰς ἐμὲ καὶ τὸν υἱόν
'I therefore urge and ask you, remembering the benefits both public and private, that each of you maintain the goodwill now shown toward me and toward my son.'
The plea of the letter now becomes explicit. Antiochus asks the Jews to translate remembered benefits into ongoing loyalty toward the new regime.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
παρακαλῶ + paraV2 PAI1S · καλέω + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ παρα: lexical item rendered ' + para' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὖν: connective or particle rendered 'therefore', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἀξιῶcount worthyV4 PAI1S · ἀξιόωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀξιόω: lexical item rendered 'count worthy' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
μεμνημένουςrememberVM · χμπαπμ μιμνήσκωparticiple supporting the clause actionμιμνήσκω: lexical item rendered 'remember' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐεργεσιῶνbenefitN1A GPF · εὐεργεσίαgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseεὐεργεσία: lexical item rendered 'benefit' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κοινῇcommonA1 DSF · κοινόςdative complement within the clauseκοινός: lexical item rendered 'common' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
κατ'the matters concerningP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'the matters concerning' according to its local construction.
ἰδίανownA1A ASF · ἴδιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἴδιος: lexical item rendered 'own' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἕκαστονeachA1 ASM · ἕκαστοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἕκαστος: lexical item rendered 'each' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
συντηρεῖν + sunV2 PAN · τηρέω + συνinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause+ συν: lexical item rendered ' + sun' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
οὖσανbeV9 · παπασφ εἰμίparticiple supporting the clause actionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
εὔνοιανgoodwillN1A ASF · εὔνοιαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὔνοια: lexical item rendered 'goodwill' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
υἱόνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
27
πέπεισμαι γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐπιεικῶς καὶ φιλανθρώπως παρακολουθοῦντα τῇ ἐμῇ προαιρέσει συμπεριενεχθήσεσθαι ὑμῖν
'For I am persuaded that he, following my purpose with moderation and humanity, will deal kindly with you.'
The letter ends by promising a humane continuation under the son. Whether sincere or strategic, the assurance seeks to secure acceptance from those he had harmed.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πέπεισμαιbe persuadedVT XMI1S · πείθωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπείθω: lexical item rendered 'be persuaded' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective or particle rendered 'for', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπιεικῶςwith moderationD · ἐπιεικῶςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionἐπιεικῶς: connective or particle rendered 'with moderation', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
φιλανθρώπωςhumanelyD · φιλανθρώπωςadverb qualifying the clause or assertionφιλανθρώπως: connective or particle rendered 'humanely', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
παρακολουθοῦνταfollowV2 · παπασμ ἀκολουθέω + παραparticiple supporting the clause actionἀκολουθέω + παρα: lexical item rendered 'follow' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐμῇmyA1 DSF · ἐμόςdative complement within the clauseἐμός: lexical item rendered 'my' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
προαιρέσειpurposeN3I DSF · προαίρεσιςdative complement within the clauseπροαίρεσις: lexical item rendered 'purpose' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
συμπεριενεχθήσεσθαι + sun + periVQ FPN · φέρω + συν + περιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ συν + περι: lexical item rendered ' + sun + peri' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὑμῖνyouRP DP · σύdative complement within the clauseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
28
ὁ μὲν οὖν ἀνδροφόνος καὶ βλάσφημος τὰ χείριστα παθών ὡς ἑτέρους διέθηκεν ἐπὶ ξένης ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν οἰκτίστῳ μόρῳ κατέστρεψεν τὸν βίον
So then the murderer and blasphemer, after suffering the worst, just as he had treated others, ended his life in a most pitiable fate on a foreign mountain.
The chapter concludes the king's story with moral symmetry. The murderer dies as one judged in kind, away from home and stripped of majesty.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μὲνmenX · μένconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμέν: connective or particle rendered 'men', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὖν: connective or particle rendered 'therefore', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἀνδροφόνοςmurdererA1B NSM · ἀνδροφόνοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀνδροφόνος: lexical item rendered 'murderer' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
βλάσφημοςblasphemerA1B NSM · βλάσφημοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateβλάσφημος: lexical item rendered 'blasphemer' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
χείρισταevil thingsA1 APNS · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκακός: lexical item rendered 'evil things' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
παθώνsufferVB · ααπνσμ πάσχωparticiple supporting the clause actionπάσχω: lexical item rendered 'suffer' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὡς: connective or particle rendered 'as', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
ἑτέρουςotherA1A APM · ἕτεροςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'other' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
διέθηκεν + diaVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ δια: lexical item rendered ' + dia' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
ξένηςforeignA1 GSF · ξένοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseξένος: lexical item rendered 'foreign' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἐνenP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'en' according to its local construction.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὄρεσινmountainN3E DPN · ὄροςdative complement within the clauseὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountain' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
οἰκτίστῳmost pitiableA1 DSM · οἴκτιστοςdative complement within the clauseοἴκτιστος: lexical item rendered 'most pitiable' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
μόρῳfateN2 DSM · μόροςdative complement within the clauseμόρος: lexical item rendered 'fate' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
κατέστρεψεν + kataVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ κατα: lexical item rendered ' + kata' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβίος: lexical item rendered 'life' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
29
παρεκομίζετο δὲ τὸ σῶμα Φίλιππος ὁ σύντροφος αὐτοῦ ὃς καὶ διευλαβηθεὶς τὸν υἱὸν Ἀντιόχου πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Φιλομήτορα εἰς Αἴγυπτον διεκομίσθη
And Philip, his foster-brother, carried away the body; and fearing the son of Antiochus, he withdrew to Ptolemy Philometor in Egypt.
The aftermath remains unstable even after Antiochus' death. The body is removed, and political fear drives Philip toward Egypt.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
παρεκομίζετο + paraV1I IMI3S · κομίζω + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ παρα: lexical item rendered ' + para' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementσῶμα: lexical item rendered 'body' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ΦίλιπποςPhilipN2 NSM · Φίλιπποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateΦίλιππος: proper name rendered 'Philip' in this chapter's narrative setting.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σύντροφοςfoster-brotherA1B NSM · σύντροφοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateσύντροφος: lexical item rendered 'foster-brother' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ὃςwhichRR NSM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and', shaping the clause's movement or emphasis.
διευλαβηθεὶςfearVC · αππνσμ εὐλαβέομαι + διαparticiple supporting the clause actionεὐλαβέομαι + δια: lexical item rendered 'fear' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.
ἈντιόχουAntiochusN2 GSM · Ἀντίοχοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clauseἈντίοχος: proper name rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative setting.
πρὸςbesidesP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'besides' according to its local construction.
ΠτολεμαῖονPtolemyN2 ASM · Πτολεμαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementΠτολεμαῖος: proper name rendered 'Ptolemy' in this chapter's narrative setting.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΦιλομήτοραPhilometorN3R ASM · Φιλομήτωρaccusative element functioning as object or complementΦιλομήτωρ: proper name rendered 'Philometor' in this chapter's narrative setting.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementΑἴγυπτος: proper name rendered 'Egypt' in this chapter's narrative setting.
διεκομίσθη + diaVSI API3S · κομίζω + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ δια: lexical item rendered ' + dia' with its ordinary sense in this chapter's narrative context.