τάδεthus / these thingsAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει)→ participant referenceὅδε (neut. pl. τάδε): the messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος ('thus says the LORD') renders כֹּה אָמַר יהוה, opening the prophetic oracle.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula→ historic/oracular presentλέγω (pres.): the oracular present of the messenger-formula gives the divine word ongoing authority.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine speaker.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀναβήσεσθε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσεσθεyou shall go upFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (prohibition)→ prohibitive future (= imperatival)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the future with οὐ functions as a prohibition — 'you shall not go up (to war)'.
οὐδὲnornegative coordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδέ: 'and not / nor'; extends the prohibition to the second verb.
πολεμήσετεyou shall make warFut Act Indic 2 Pl · πολεμέωmain verb (prohibition, parallel)→ prohibitive futureπολεμέω: 'wage war / fight'; the prohibited action — fratricidal war against the north.
μετὰagainst / withpreposition + genitive (here hostile: 'against')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: normally 'with', here in the sense 'against' with the verb of fighting (Hebraizing).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationἀδελφός (gen. pl. ἀδελφῶν): 'brother'; the northern tribes are 'your brothers', framing the war as fratricide.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive in apposition to ἀδελφῶν→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl. υἱῶν): 'son'; 'sons of Israel' identifies the brothers as the northern Israelites.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: here the northern tribes.
ἀναστρεφέτωlet returnPres Act Impv 3 Sg · ἀναστρέφωthird-person imperative (distributive)→ present imperative (command)ἀναστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the distributive third-person command 'let each return home' demobilizes the army.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativesubject (distributive)→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each'; the distributive subject of the command to disperse.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / home'; each is to return to his own household.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownGenitivereflexive genitive of possession→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun 'his own'; emphasizes the return to one's own home rather than to war.
ὅτιbecause / forcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; gives the divine reason for the prohibition.
παρ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided; source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; marks the LORD as the source of the schism.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of παρ᾿ (emphatic first person)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. ἐμοῦ): the emphatic 'from me' attributes the division to YHWH's own will.
γέγονενhas come aboutPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of ὅτι-clause→ perfect (settled accomplished state)γίνομαι (perf. γέγονεν): 'have become / come to pass'; the perfect stresses the schism as a divinely-accomplished and abiding fact.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαthing / matterNominativesubject of γέγονεν→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / thing / matter'; renders Hebrew דָּבָר, here 'this thing / event' (the schism).
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative (modifying ῥῆμα)→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ῥῆμα).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσανthey listenedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (obedience)→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear / heed'; with the genitive (τοῦ λόγου) it means 'obey'; the southern coalition obeys the prohibition.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουwordGenitivegenitive object of ἤκουσαν→ relational specificationλόγος (gen. λόγου): 'word'; the prophetic prohibition obeyed.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton; the word's divine origin.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέπαυσανthey ceasedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταπαύωmain verb (cessation)→ constative aoristκαταπαύω: 'cause to cease / desist'; here intransitive 'ceased', with the genitive articular infinitive of separation (τοῦ πορευθῆναι).
τοῦfromGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of separation)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορευθῆναιto goAor Pass Inf · πορεύομαιarticular infinitive (genitive of separation with κατέπαυσαν)→ telic aorist infinitiveπορεύομαι: 'go / proceed'; 'they ceased from going (to war)'.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; their obedience conforms to the divine word.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word'; the divine command obeyed.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκυρίου: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive of source.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [a])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here opens the Old-Greek supplement (12:24a), shifting back to recount Solomon's death and Rehoboam's accession.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (in apposition to Σαλωμων)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; the supplement opens with the death-and-burial notice of Solomon (cf. 1 Kgs 11:43).
κοιμᾶταιsleeps / lies down (in death)Pres Mid Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάομαιmain verb (death-notice; historic present)→ historic presentκοιμάομαι: 'fall asleep / lie down'; the euphemism 'sleep with one's fathers' (κοιμᾶσθαι μετὰ τῶν πατέρων) is the standard biblical idiom for a king's peaceful death (שָׁכַב עִם אֲבֹתָיו).
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (association)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (association).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationπατήρ (gen. pl. πατέρων): 'father / ancestor'; 'his fathers' = the ancestral dead.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάπτεταιis buriedPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · θάπτωmain verb (burial-notice; historic present)→ historic presentθάπτω: 'bury'; the passive 'is buried' completes the royal death-and-burial formula.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationπατέρων: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive object of μετά.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
πόλειcityDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceπόλις (dat. πόλει): 'city'; 'the city of David' = Jerusalem (the royal necropolis).
ΔαυιδDavidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; 'the city of David', the royal burial-place.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreigned / became kingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (accession-notice)→ constative aorist (ingressive: became king)βασιλεύω: 'reign / become king'; the accession formula for Rehoboam in the supplement.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: indeclinable; succeeds his father Solomon.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ροβοαμ→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; 'his son'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (Solomon's)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (Solomon's).
ἀντ᾿in place ofpreposition + genitive (elided; substitution)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί + gen.: 'in place of / instead of'; the standard succession idiom 'reigned in his place'.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντ᾿ (Solomon)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντ᾿ (Solomon).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemdative of place (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the seat of Rehoboam's reign.
υἱὸςsonNominativepredicate nominative (in age-formula: 'a son of sixteen years')→ participant prominenceυἱός: in the Hebraizing age-idiom 'a son of N years' (בֶּן … שָׁנָה) = 'N years old'.
ὢνbeingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · εἰμίcircumstantial participle (with the age-formula)→ present (contemporaneous circumstance)εἰμί (ptcp. ὤν): 'being'; 'being sixteen years old', stating Rehoboam's age at accession.
ἑκκαίδεκαsixteencardinal numeral (with ἐτῶν)→ clausal contributionἑκκαίδεκα: 'sixteen'; indeclinable numeral; the supplement's figure for Rehoboam's age at accession (the MT/3 Kgdms main text has forty-one).
ἐτῶνyearsGenitivegenitive of measure (with the age-formula)→ relational specificationἔτος (gen. pl. ἐτῶν): 'year'; the genitive of measure in the age-formula.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + dative (temporal, with articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingἐν τῷ + inf.: temporal 'when / while', a common LXX construction.
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto reign / becoming kingPres Act Inf · βασιλεύωarticular infinitive (temporal, with ἐν τῷ)→ temporal infinitive (the moment of accession)βασιλεύω: 'reign'; ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτόν = 'when he became king'.
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the articular infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of the articular infinitive.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώδεκαtwelvecardinal numeral (with ἔτη)→ clausal contributionδώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable; the supplement's figure for the length of Rehoboam's reign (the main text has seventeen).
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτος (acc. pl. ἔτη): 'year'; accusative of duration — 'reigned twelve years'.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (length of reign)→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: 'reign'; the summary of the reign's duration.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemdative of place (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative of place (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (nominal clause: 'the name … was Naanan')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; the queen-mother notice, standard in the regnal formulae of Kings.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὸςmotherGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὄνομα)→ relational specificationμήτηρ (gen. μητρός): 'mother'; the queen-mother (gebirah).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (Rehoboam's)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (Rehoboam's).
ΝαανανNaananpredicate (indeclinable; the mother's name)→ participant identificationΝααναν: transliterated personal name (the queen-mother; cf. Naamah, MT); indeclinable.
θυγάτηρdaughterNominativenominative in apposition to Νααναν→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; identifies Naanan by her father.
ΑνανAnangenitive of relationship (indeclinable; the father)→ participant identificationΑναν: transliterated personal name; indeclinable.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Αναν→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. υἱοῦ): 'son'; 'son of Naas'.
ΝααςNaasgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαας: transliteration of Hebrew נָחָשׁ (Nahash); indeclinable; here styled king of the Ammonites.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ναας→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; 'king of the sons of Ammon'.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (with βασιλέως: 'king of the sons of Ammon')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl. υἱῶν): 'sons'; 'the sons of Ammon' = the Ammonites.
ΑμμωνAmmongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑμμων: transliteration of Hebrew עַמּוֹן (Ammon); indeclinable; the Transjordanian people; Rehoboam's mother is thus given Ammonite royal descent.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (regnal evaluation)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρόν ('did the evil') is the standard Deuteronomistic evaluation-formula for an unfaithful king.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilAccusativesubstantival adjective (direct object of ἐποίησεν)→ object specificationπονηρός: 'evil / wicked'; τὸ πονηρόν ('the evil thing') renders הָרַע; the formulaic verdict on the king's conduct.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the sight of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; Hebraism 'in the eyes of the LORD'.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton; the divine standard of evaluation.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐπορεύθη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηwalkedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (negated)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go / walk'; 'walk in the way of' is a Hebraism for following someone's pattern of life; Rehoboam did not follow David's faithful example.
ἐνinpreposition + dative→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative.
ὁδῷwayDativedative of place/manner (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceὁδός (dat. ὁδῷ): 'way / road'; metaphorically the pattern of conduct ('the way of David').
ΔαυιδDavidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive in apposition to Δαυιδ→ relational specificationπατήρ (gen. πατρός): 'father'; David here loosely 'his father' (= ancestor).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [b])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24b, introducing Jeroboam's origins.
ἦνwas / there wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential, introducing Jeroboam)→ imperfect (background)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'was'; introduces Jeroboam as a new character (cf. the parallel introduction in 1 Kgs 11:26).
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativepredicate nominative (with ἦν)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man'; 'there was a man', the storytelling introduction of Jeroboam.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin).
ὄρουςmountain / hill countryGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationὄρος (gen. ὄρους): 'mountain / hill country'; 'the hill country of Ephraim', Jeroboam's homeland.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם (Ephraim); indeclinable; the leading northern tribe and territory of Jeroboam.
δοῦλοςservant / slaveNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition to ἄνθρωπος)→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant / slave'; Jeroboam was an official in Solomon's service (cf. 1 Kgs 11:26-28).
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative complement of δοῦλος (indeclinable: 'servant to Solomon')→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative complement of δοῦλος (indeclinable: 'servant to Solomon').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (nominal clause: 'his name was Jeroboam')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; introduces Jeroboam by name.
αὐτῷto him / hisDativedative of possession (with ὄνομα)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (with ὄνομα).
ΙεροβοαμJeroboampredicate (indeclinable; the man's name)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: indeclinable; named here as the man from Ephraim.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (nominal clause: his mother's name)→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as subject (nominal clause: his mother's name).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὸςmotherGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὄνομα)→ relational specificationμήτηρ (gen. μητρός): 'mother'; Jeroboam's mother.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ΣαριραSarirapredicate (indeclinable; the mother's name)→ participant identificationΣαριρα: here a personal name (Jeroboam's mother; cf. Zeruah, MT); the same form also names Jeroboam's town later in the supplement; indeclinable.
γυνὴwomanNominativenominative in apposition to Σαριρα→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman / wife'.
πόρνηharlotNominativepredicate/appositional noun (characterizing γυνή)→ participant prominenceπόρνη: 'prostitute / harlot'; the supplement's characterization of Jeroboam's mother (the MT has 'a widow woman').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgave / appointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Solomon's appointment of Jeroboam)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; here 'appoint / set' (ἔδωκεν εἰς ἄρχοντα = 'made him an officer'); cf. 1 Kgs 11:28.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν (Jeroboam)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔδωκεν (Jeroboam).
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (predicative: 'as an officer')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: predicative use ('appoint as'), a Hebraism (לְ).
ἄρχονταruler / officerAccusativeaccusative (predicative with εἰς)→ object specificationἄρχων (acc. ἄρχοντα): 'ruler / officer / overseer'; Jeroboam's administrative post over the forced labor.
σκυτάληςof the staff / levy-staffGenitivegenitive (with ἄρχοντα: 'officer of the staff')→ relational specificationσκυτάλη (gen. σκυτάλης): 'staff / rod / cudgel'; here apparently the overseer's staff of the corvée — 'officer of the levy-staff', i.e. a taskmaster over forced labor.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (oversight)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'over'; marks the sphere of Jeroboam's authority.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρσειςburdens / leviesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἄρσις (acc. pl. ἄρσεις): 'a lifting / burden / load'; here the forced-labor burdens (the corvée-levy) of the house of Joseph (cf. 1 Kgs 11:28, 'the labor/burden of the house of Joseph').
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ἄρσεις)→ relational specificationοἶκος (gen. οἴκου): 'house'; 'the house of Joseph' = the northern (Ephraim/Manasseh) tribes.
ΙωσηφJosephgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωσηφ: transliteration of Hebrew יוֹסֵף (Joseph); indeclinable; 'the house of Joseph' designates the central northern tribes.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (Jeroboam's building work)→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build / fortify'; Jeroboam built/fortified Sarira for Solomon.
τῷforDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative of advantage (indeclinable: 'for Solomon')→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative of advantage (indeclinable: 'for Solomon').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαριραSariradirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣαριρα: here a place-name (Jeroboam's town in Ephraim, = Zeredah, MT); the feminine article τήν treats it as a city; indeclinable.
τὴνthe (which is)Accusativearticle (attributive, with prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ὄρειmountain / hill countryDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceὄρος (dat. ὄρει): 'mountain / hill country'; 'in the hill country of Ephraim'.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανthere were / he hadImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (possession idiom: ἦσαν αὐτῷ)→ imperfect (state)εἰμί (impf. ἦσαν): 'were'; with the dative of possession (αὐτῷ) = 'he had' three hundred chariots.
αὐτῷto him / he hadDativedative of possession (with ἦσαν)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (with ἦσαν).
ἅρματαchariotsNominativesubject of ἦσαν→ participant prominenceἅρμα (nom. pl. ἅρματα): 'chariot'; a mark of military strength and status.
τριακόσιαthree hundredNominativecardinal numeral (modifying ἅρματα)→ participant prominenceτριακόσιοι (neut. τριακόσια): 'three hundred'; the chariot-count signaling Jeroboam's resources.
ἵππωνof horsesGenitivegenitive (with ἅρματα: 'chariots of horses')→ relational specificationἵππος (gen. pl. ἵππων): 'horse'; 'chariots of horses' = horse-drawn war-chariots.
οὗτοςthis one / heNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this one'; the emphatic 'he it was who built…' highlights Jeroboam's significant works.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; of the citadel (ἄκρα).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρανcitadel / acropolisAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationἄκρα: 'citadel / acropolis / fortified height'; the Millo (cf. 1 Kgs 11:27), built up with the labor-levies.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrument/means)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrument/means).
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρσεσινlevies / burdensDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceἄρσις (dat. pl. ἄρσεσιν): 'burden / levy'; the corvée-labor of the house of Ephraim was the means of the building.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationοἶκος (gen. οἴκου): 'house'; 'the house of Ephraim' = the northern labor force.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
οὗτοςthis one / heNominativesubject (emphatic demonstrative)→ participant referenceοὗτος: again 'he it was who…', emphasizing Jeroboam's deeds.
συνέκλεισενclosed up / fortifiedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συγκλείωmain verb→ constative aoristσυγκλείω: 'shut up / enclose / fortify'; here of walling/closing up the city of David — possibly a sinister note (Jeroboam controlling the fortifications).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of συνέκλεισεν→ object specificationπόλις (acc. πόλιν): 'city'; 'the city of David' (Jerusalem).
ΔαυιδDavidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic with ἐπαιρόμενος)→ imperfect (durative)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): forms a periphrastic imperfect with ἐπαιρόμενος ('was lifting himself up'), depicting Jeroboam's growing ambition.
ἐπαιρόμενοςlifting himself up / exalting himselfPres Mid Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · ἐπαίρωparticiple (periphrastic with ἦν)→ present (durative ambition)ἐπαίρω (mid. 'lift oneself up'): 'raise / exalt'; the middle participle marks Jeroboam's self-exaltation and aspiration to the kingship — the motive for Solomon's hostility.
ἐπὶtoward / againstpreposition + accusative (aim/aspiration)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: here 'toward / against (the kingship)', marking the object of Jeroboam's ambition.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείανkingdom / kingshipAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationβασιλεία: 'kingdom / kingship'; the throne to which Jeroboam aspired.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [c])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24c, Solomon's attempt on Jeroboam's life and his flight.
ἐζήτειsoughtImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ζητέωmain verb (Solomon's intent)→ imperfect (durative/conative: kept seeking)ζητέω: 'seek'; the conative imperfect — Solomon was trying to put Jeroboam to death (cf. 1 Kgs 11:40).
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
θανατῶσαιto put to deathAor Act Inf · θανατόωcomplementary infinitive (with ἐζήτει)→ verbal action or stateθανατόω: 'put to death / kill'; the object of Solomon's seeking.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of θανατῶσαι (Jeroboam)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of θανατῶσαι (Jeroboam).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθηwas afraidAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · φοβέομαιmain verb (Jeroboam's reaction)→ constative/ingressive aoristφοβέομαι: 'fear / be afraid'; Jeroboam's fear prompts his flight.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέδραfled / ran awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποδιδράσκωmain verb (the flight)→ constative aoristἀποδιδράσκω (aor. ἀπέδρα): 'run away / escape'; Jeroboam flees to Egypt for asylum.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (subject emphasis)→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'he himself', emphasizing Jeroboam's personal flight.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΣουσακιμShishakaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουσακιμ: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁישַׁק (Shishak/Sheshonq I), pharaoh of Egypt; indeclinable; Jeroboam's protector in exile.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Σουσακιμ→ object specificationβασιλεύς (acc. βασιλέα): 'king'; 'king of Egypt'.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of relationship (with βασιλέα)→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος (gen. Αἰγύπτου): 'Egypt'; declinable; Shishak's realm and Jeroboam's place of refuge.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwas / remainedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (Jeroboam's stay)→ imperfect (durative state)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'was / remained'; Jeroboam stayed with Shishak.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (elided; association)→ spatial or relational framingμετ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; association).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετ᾿ (Shishak)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετ᾿ (Shishak).
ἕωςuntilconjunction (temporal limit)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; here with a finite verb, marking the term of Jeroboam's exile.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωverb of ἕως-clause→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; Solomon's death ends Jeroboam's exile.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject of ἀπέθανεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἀπέθανεν (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [d])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24d, Jeroboam's request to return after Solomon's death.
ἤκουσενheardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; Jeroboam learns of Solomon's death.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceΑἴγυπτος (dat. Αἰγύπτῳ): 'Egypt'; declinable; Jeroboam's place of exile.
ὅτιthatcomplementizer (content of ἤκουσεν)→ clausal contributionὅτι: meaning 'that'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τέθνηκενhad died / is deadPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · θνῄσκωverb of ὅτι-clause→ perfect (resultant state: is dead)θνῄσκω (perf. τέθνηκεν): 'be dead'; the perfect stresses the accomplished fact of Solomon's death.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject of τέθνηκεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of τέθνηκεν (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; Jeroboam petitions Shishak.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into the ears')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (idiom: 'into the ears').
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦταearsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom)→ object specificationοὖς (pl. ὦτα): 'ear'; λαλεῖν εἰς τὰ ὦτα ('speak into the ears of') is a Hebraism for private, direct address.
ΣουσακιμShishakgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Σουσακιμ→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; 'king of Egypt'.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος (gen.): 'Egypt'.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of attendant speech→ imperfective participle (pleonastic speech-marker)λέγω (ptcp.): introduces Jeroboam's request.
ἐξαπόστειλόνsend awayAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωimperative (the petition)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away / dismiss'; Jeroboam asks leave to return home.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἐξαπόστειλόν→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐξαπόστειλόν.
καὶand / thatcoordinating conjunction (consecutive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπελεύσομαιI will go awayFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (intended result)→ future (purpose/result)ἀπέρχομαι: 'go away / depart'; Jeroboam's intended return to his land.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I', stressing Jeroboam's personal desire to go home.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationγῆ (acc. γῆν): 'land'; Jeroboam's homeland.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Shishak's reply)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): introduces Shishak's answer.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object (Jeroboam)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (Jeroboam).
ΣουσακιμShishaksubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
αἴτησαίaskAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · αἰτέωimperative (Shishak's offer)→ ingressive aorist imperativeαἰτέω (mid. αἴτησαι): 'ask / request (for oneself)'; Shishak invites Jeroboam to make any request.
τιany / someAccusativeindefinite pronoun (with αἴτημα)→ participant referenceτις (neut. τι): 'any / some'; 'ask any request'.
αἴτημαrequestAccusativedirect object of αἴτησαί (cognate accusative)→ object specificationαἴτημα: 'request / petition'; cognate with αἰτέω — 'ask a request'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωI will giveFut Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Shishak's promise)→ promissory futureδίδωμι: 'give'; Shishak's pledge to grant the request.
σοιto youDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [e])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24e, Jeroboam's Egyptian marriage.
ΣουσακιμShishaksubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the marriage-gift)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; Shishak gives Jeroboam a royal Egyptian wife — a striking parallel to the Hadad narrative (1 Kgs 11:19).
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamdative indirect object (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative indirect object (indeclinable).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑνωAnodirect object of ἔδωκεν (indeclinable; the woman's name)→ participant identificationΑνω: indeclinable personal name; the Egyptian princess given to Jeroboam as wife, sister of Shishak's own wife.
ἀδελφὴνsisterAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ανω→ object specificationἀδελφή: 'sister'; Ano is the sister of Shishak's wife Thekemina.
Θεκεμιναςof ThekeminaGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ἀδελφήν)→ relational specificationΘεκεμινα (gen. Θεκεμινας): personal name (Tahpenes, cf. 1 Kgs 11:19); declined as a first-declension noun (hence kind 'n' with case); Shishak's chief wife.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with πρεσβυτέραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρανelderAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀδελφήν: 'the elder sister')→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος (comparative fem. πρεσβυτέραν): 'elder / older'; Ano is the elder sister of the queen.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικὸςwifeGenitivegenitive (with πρεσβυτέραν: 'elder than his wife')→ relational specificationγυνή (gen. γυναικός): 'wife / woman'; Shishak's wife (Thekemina).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Shishak's)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Shishak's).
αὐτῷto himDativedative of advantage (resumptive: 'to him')→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: resumptive dative ('to him as a wife'), echoing τῷ Ιεροβοαμ.
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (predicative: 'as a wife')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: predicative ('to be his wife'), Hebraism (לְאִשָּׁה).
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeaccusative (predicative with εἰς)→ object specificationγυνή (acc. γυναῖκα): 'wife'; the role Ano is given.
αὕτηshe / this womanNominativesubject (demonstrative pronoun)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this (woman) / she'; Ano.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (description)→ imperfect (state)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'was'; describing Ano's rank.
μεγάληgreatNominativepredicate adjective (with ἦν)→ participant prominenceμέγας (fem. μεγάλη): 'great'; Ano held high standing among the king's daughters.
ἐνin / amongpreposition + dative (idiom: 'in the midst of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (idiom: 'in the midst of').
μέσῳmidstDativedative (idiom: 'in the midst of')→ sphere or referenceμέσος (dat. μέσῳ): 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ ('among').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέρωνdaughtersGenitivegenitive (with ἐν μέσῳ)→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ (gen. pl. θυγατέρων): 'daughter'; the royal daughters among whom Ano ranked high.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship (with θυγατέρων)→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; Shishak.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενboreAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίκτωmain verb (birth-notice)→ constative aoristτίκτω (aor. ἔτεκεν): 'bear / give birth'; Ano bears Jeroboam a son, Abijah (cf. 1 Kgs 14:1).
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamdative of advantage (indeclinable: 'to Jeroboam')→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative of advantage (indeclinable: 'to Jeroboam').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑβιαAbijahdirect object of ἔτεκεν (indeclinable; the child)→ participant identificationΑβια: transliteration of Hebrew אֲבִיָּה (Abijah); indeclinable; Jeroboam's son whose sickness and death the supplement narrates (cf. 1 Kgs 14).
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Αβια→ object specificationυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (Jeroboam's)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (Jeroboam's).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [f])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24f, Jeroboam's departure from Egypt and return.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): introduces Jeroboam's renewed request.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΣουσακιμShishakaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουσακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
ὄντωςtruly / indeedadverb (emphatic)→ clausal contributionὄντως: 'really / truly / indeed'; Jeroboam presses his request emphatically — 'truly, send me away!'
ἐξαπόστειλόνsend awayAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωimperative (the renewed petition)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away / dismiss'; the repeated request for leave to depart.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἐξαπόστειλόν→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐξαπόστειλόν.
καὶand / thatcoordinating conjunction (consecutive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπελεύσομαιI will go awayFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (intended result)→ future (purpose/result)ἀπέρχομαι: 'depart'; Jeroboam's intended departure.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (departure)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / depart'; Jeroboam leaves Egypt.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος (gen.): 'Egypt'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (arrival)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι (aor. ἦλθεν): 'come'; Jeroboam reaches his home territory.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationγῆ (acc. γῆν): 'land'; 'the land of Sarira'.
ΣαριραSariragenitive of relationship (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣαριρα: Jeroboam's town in Ephraim; indeclinable.
τὴνthe (which is)Accusativearticle (attributive, with prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ὄρειhill countryDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceὄρος (dat. ὄρει): 'hill country'; 'in the hill country of Ephraim'.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάγεταιgathers / is gatheredPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · συνάγωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)συνάγω (mid./pass.): 'gather together / assemble'; the historic present vividly depicts the tribe of Ephraim rallying to Jeroboam.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; at Sarira.
πᾶνallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying σκῆπτρον)→ participant prominenceπᾶς (neut. πᾶν): 'all / whole'; 'all the tribe of Ephraim'.
σκῆπτρονtribeNominativesubject of συνάγεται→ participant prominenceσκῆπτρον: 'scepter / tribe'; the whole tribe of Ephraim gathers to Jeroboam.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; Jeroboam builds a stronghold at Sarira.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
χάρακαpalisade / strongholdAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationχάραξ (acc. χάρακα): 'palisade / rampart / fortified camp'; a defensive earthwork, marking Jeroboam's establishment of a power-base.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [g])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24g, the sickness of Jeroboam's child.
ἠρρώστησεfell sickAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρρωστέωmain verb (onset of illness)→ ingressive aorist (fell sick)ἀρρωστέω: 'be ill / fall sick'; with the cognate accusative ἀρρωστίαν ('a sickness'), a Hebraizing intensifier.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchild / boyNominativesubject of ἠρρώστησε→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'child / young boy'; Jeroboam's son Abijah.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀρρωστίανsicknessAccusativecognate accusative (with ἠρρώστησε)→ object specificationἀρρωστία: 'sickness / illness'; the cognate accusative intensifies the verb (a Hebraism).
κραταιὰνsevere / strongAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀρρωστίαν)→ object specificationκραταιός (fem. κραταιάν): 'strong / mighty / severe'; the gravity of the illness.
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degree (intensifying κραταιάν)→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'very / exceedingly'; renders Hebrew מְאֹד; 'a very severe sickness'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go'; Jeroboam sets out to inquire about his child.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἐπερωτῆσαιto inquireAor Act Inf · ἐπερωτάωinfinitive of purpose→ purpose (telic)ἐπερωτάω: 'ask / inquire / consult'; here 'inquire (of God/the prophet)', the technical sense of seeking an oracle.
ὑπὲρconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + gen.: 'concerning / on behalf of'; the matter of the inquiry.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδαρίουchildGenitivegenitive object of ὑπέρ→ relational specificationπαιδάριον (gen. παιδαρίου): 'child'; the sick boy.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπεsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπε): 'said'; Jeroboam instructs his wife.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΑνωAnoaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑνω: Jeroboam's wife.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ανω→ object specificationγυνή (acc. γυναῖκα): 'wife'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀνάστηθιariseAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀνίστημιimperative (command to the wife)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἀνίστημι (aor. impv. ἀνάστηθι): 'rise / get up'; the standard summons to action.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύουgoPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · πορεύομαιimperative→ present imperative (command)πορεύομαι (impv. πορεύου): 'go'; the wife is to go consult the prophet.
ἐπερώτησονinquireAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐπερωτάωimperative→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐπερωτάω: 'inquire / consult'; she is to seek God's word about the child.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodAccusativedirect object of ἐπερώτησον→ object specificationθεός (acc. θεόν): 'God'; the object of the oracular inquiry, mediated through the prophet Ahijah.
ὑπὲρconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (reference).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδαρίουchildGenitivegenitive object of ὑπέρ→ relational specificationπαιδαρίου: meaning 'child'; it serves as genitive object of ὑπέρ.
εἰwhetherconjunction (introducing indirect question)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'whether'; introduces the indirect question of the inquiry.
ζήσεταιwill live / recoverFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ζάωverb of indirect question→ predictive futureζάω (fut. ζήσεται): 'live / survive'; here 'recover' from the illness.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρρωστίαςsicknessGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationἀρρωστία (gen.): 'sickness'; 'recover from his sickness'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [h])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24h, the introduction of the prophet Ahijah.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativepredicate nominative (with ἦν)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man'; 'there was a man', introducing Ahijah.
ἦνwas / there wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ imperfect (background)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'there was'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ΣηλωShilohdative of place (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣηλω: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁלֹה (Shiloh); indeclinable; the old sanctuary town, home of the prophet Ahijah.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (nominal clause: 'his name was Ahijah')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'.
αὐτῷto him / hisDativedative of possession (with ὄνομα)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (with ὄνομα).
ΑχιαAhijahpredicate (indeclinable; the prophet's name)→ participant identificationΑχια: indeclinable; the Shilonite prophet (cf. vv. 15, 24; 1 Kgs 11:29).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοςthis one / heNominativesubject (demonstrative pronoun)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this one'; Ahijah.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (age-formula)→ imperfect (state)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'was'; in the age-formula 'was a son of sixty years' = 'was sixty years old'.
υἱὸςsonNominativepredicate nominative (age-idiom)→ participant prominenceυἱός: in the Hebraizing age-idiom 'a son of sixty years'.
ἑξήκονταsixtycardinal numeral (with ἐτῶν)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; indeclinable; Ahijah's age.
ἐτῶνyearsGenitivegenitive of measure (age-formula)→ relational specificationἔτος (gen. pl. ἐτῶν): 'year'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject (nominal clause: 'the word of the LORD was with him')→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word'; 'the word of the LORD was with him' marks Ahijah as a genuine prophet.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (with ῥῆμα)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (elided; accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; accompaniment).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετ᾿ (Ahijah)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετ᾿ (Ahijah).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): Jeroboam instructs his wife (now with provisions).
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationγυνή (acc. γυναῖκα): 'wife'; Ano.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀνάστηθιariseAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀνίστημιimperative→ ingressive aorist imperativeἀνίστημι (impv. ἀνάστηθι): 'rise / get up'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωimperative→ ingressive aorist imperativeλαμβάνω (impv. λαβέ): 'take'; she is to bring gifts to the prophet, a customary gesture when seeking an oracle (cf. 1 Sam 9:7-8).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into your hand')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (idiom: 'into your hand').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράhandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'take in hand')→ object specificationχείρ (acc. χεῖρα): 'hand'; 'take in your hand' is a Hebraism for carrying.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷfor theDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπῳmanDativedative of advantage (in the title 'man of God')→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος (dat. ἀνθρώπῳ): 'man'; 'the man of God' = the prophet Ahijah.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (in the title 'man of God')→ relational specificationθεός (gen. θεοῦ): 'God'; the prophetic title.
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationἄρτος (acc. pl. ἄρτους): 'bread / loaf'; part of the gift for the prophet.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κολλύριαcakesAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationκολλύριον (acc. pl. κολλύρια): 'small cake / roll'; a baked offering.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκνοιςchildrenDativedative of advantage (for the prophet's children)→ sphere or referenceτέκνον (dat. pl. τέκνοις): 'child'; the cakes are for the prophet's children.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σταφυλὴνcluster of grapesAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationσταφυλή (acc. σταφυλήν): 'bunch / cluster of grapes'; part of the gift.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στάμνονjarAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationστάμνος (acc. στάμνον): 'jar / vessel'; a jar of honey, completing the gift.
μέλιτοςof honeyGenitivegenitive of content (with στάμνον)→ relational specificationμέλι (gen. μέλιτος): 'honey'; the contents of the jar.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [i])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24i, the wife's compliance.
ἀνέστηaroseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀνίστημι (aor. ἀνέστη): 'rise / get up'; the wife obeys Jeroboam's command.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwoman / wifeNominativesubject (Ano)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman / wife'; Jeroboam's wife Ano.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristλαμβάνω (aor. ἔλαβεν): 'take'; she takes the prescribed gifts.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into her hand')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (idiom: 'into her hand').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom)→ object specificationχείρ (acc. χεῖρα): 'hand'; 'took in her hand'.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationἄρτος (acc. pl. ἄρτους): 'loaves'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwocardinal numeral (modifying κολλύρια)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable here; 'two cakes' (a slight specification beyond the command).
κολλύριαcakesAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationκολλύριον (acc. pl. κολλύρια): 'small cakes'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σταφυλὴνcluster of grapesAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationσταφυλή (acc.): 'cluster of grapes'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στάμνονjarAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationστάμνος (acc. στάμνον): 'jar'.
μέλιτοςof honeyGenitivegenitive of content (with στάμνον)→ relational specificationμέλι (gen. μέλιτος): 'honey'.
τῷforDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑχιαAhijahdative of advantage (indeclinable: 'for Ahijah')→ participant identificationΑχια: the prophet, recipient of the gifts.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject (nominal clause: 'the man was old')→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man'; Ahijah.
πρεσβύτεροςoldNominativepredicate adjective (with implied ἦν)→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: 'old / aged'; the prophet's advanced age, here linked to his failing sight.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubject of ἠμβλυώπουν→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός (nom. pl. ὀφθαλμοί): 'eye'; Ahijah's eyes, dim with age (echoing Eli, 1 Sam 4:15; Isaac, Gen 27:1).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἠμβλυώπουνwere dimImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀμβλυωπέωmain verb (description)→ imperfect (state)ἀμβλυωπέω: 'be dim-sighted / see faintly'; the imperfect describes Ahijah's failing vision — significant, since he must recognize the disguised visitor by the LORD's word, not by sight.
τοῦso as toGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of result)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλέπεινto seePres Act Inf · βλέπωarticular infinitive (genitive of result/respect: 'so as to see')→ verbal action or stateβλέπω: 'see / look'; τοῦ βλέπειν ('with respect to seeing') — his eyes were too dim to see.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [k])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24k, the wife's arrival and Ahijah's instruction to his servant.
ἀνέστηaroseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἀνίστημι (aor. ἀνέστη): 'set out'; the wife departs from Sarira.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΣαριραSariragenitive of source (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣαριρα: Jeroboam's town.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύεταιgoesPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)πορεύομαι: 'go'; the historic present lends immediacy to the journey.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative-framing formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): the καὶ ἐγένετο formula introduces the scene at the prophet's house.
εἰσελθούσηςas she enteredAor Act Ptcp Gen Fem Sg · εἰσέρχομαιparticiple (genitive absolute with αὐτῆς)→ aorist (coincident/antecedent)εἰσέρχομαι (aor. ptcp.): 'enter'; the genitive absolute εἰσελθούσης αὐτῆς ('as she entered') sets the temporal frame.
αὐτῆςsheGenitivegenitive absolute subject (with εἰσελθούσης)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'she'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute subject (with εἰσελθούσης).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationπόλις (acc. πόλιν): 'city'; Shiloh.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΑχιαAhijahaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Σηλωνίτην)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣηλωνίτηνShiloniteAccusativegentilic adjective (modifying Αχια)→ object specificationΣηλωνίτης (acc. Σηλωνίτην): 'Shilonite, of Shiloh'; declinable gentilic; identifies Ahijah by his town.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (apodosis of ἐγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): Ahijah, forewarned by the LORD, instructs his servant.
ΑχιαAhijahsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδαρίῳservant / boyDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceπαιδάριον (dat. παιδαρίῳ): here 'servant-lad / attendant' of the prophet.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἔξελθεgo outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιimperative (command to the servant)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐξέρχομαι (impv. ἔξελθε): 'go out'; the servant is sent to meet the visitor.
δὴnow / indeedemphatic particle (with the imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: 'now / pray'; a hortatory particle softening or urging the command.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
ἀπαντὴνmeetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet')→ object specificationἀπάντησις/ἀπαντή (acc. ἀπαντήν): 'meeting / encounter'; εἰς ἀπαντήν ('to meet') renders לִקְרַאת.
ΑνωAnogenitive/dative of relationship (indeclinable; the one met)→ participant identificationΑνω: Jeroboam's wife, here named as the one to be met.
τῇtheDativearticle (in apposition to Ανω)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικὶwifeDativedative in apposition to Ανω→ sphere or referenceγυνή (dat. γυναικί): 'wife'; 'Ano the wife of Jeroboam'.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival future (instruction)λέγω (fut. ἐρεῖς): 'you shall say'; the future commands what the servant is to tell her.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
εἴσελθεcome inAor Act Impv 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιimperative (within the quoted message)→ ingressive aorist imperativeεἰσέρχομαι (impv. εἴσελθε): 'come in / enter'; she is bidden to enter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotnegative particle (with prohibitive subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative of prohibition, with the aorist subjunctive στῇς.
στῇςstand still / stopAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ἵστημιprohibitive subjunctive (μὴ στῇς)→ prohibitive aorist subjunctiveἵστημι (aor. subj. στῇς): 'stand / halt'; μὴ στῇς ('do not stand/stop') — come straight in without delay.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; introduces the reason (the divine oracle).
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει; messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (neut. pl. τάδε): the messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula→ oracular presentλέγω (pres.): the oracular present.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton.
σκληρὰharsh thingsAccusativedirect object of ἐπαποστελῶ (neuter plural)→ object specificationσκληρός (neut. pl. σκληρά): 'hard / harsh things'; the grievous tidings the prophet must deliver.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I', YHWH himself the sender of judgment.
ἐπαποστελῶI will sendFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐπαποστέλλωmain verb (announcement of judgment)→ predictive future (threat)ἐπαποστέλλω: 'send upon / dispatch against'; the compound conveys hostile sending — the LORD will send harsh things upon her/the house.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile direction).
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπί.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [l])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24l, Ano's audience with Ahijah and his oracle.
εἰσῆλθενcame inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι (aor. εἰσῆλθεν): 'enter / come in'; Ano enters the prophet's presence.
ΑνωAnosubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑνω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (in the title 'man of God')→ object specificationἄνθρωπος (acc.): 'man'; 'the man of God' (Ahijah).
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (in the title 'man of God')→ relational specificationθεός (gen.): 'God'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): Ahijah, recognizing her despite his blindness, speaks.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
ΑχιαAhijahsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἵναwhyinterrogative (ἵνα τί: 'why?')→ clausal contributionἵνα: in the idiom ἵνα τί ('for what purpose / why?'), a fixed interrogative phrase.
τίwhy / whatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (ἵνα τί)→ participant referenceτίς (neut. τί): 'why'; the prophet's rebuking question — gifts are useless, for the news is fixed.
μοιto me / for meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ἐνήνοχαςhave you broughtPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · φέρωmain verb of question→ perfect (completed act with present relevance)φέρω (perf. ἐνήνοχας): 'bring / carry'; the perfect — 'why have you brought me these?' — implies the gifts cannot alter the verdict.
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect object of ἐνήνοχας→ object specificationἄρτος (acc. pl.): 'loaves'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σταφυλὴνcluster of grapesAccusativedirect object of ἐνήνοχας→ object specificationσταφυλή (acc.): 'cluster of grapes'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κολλύριαcakesAccusativedirect object of ἐνήνοχας→ object specificationκολλύριον (acc. pl.): 'cakes'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στάμνονjarAccusativedirect object of ἐνήνοχας→ object specificationστάμνος (acc.): 'jar'.
μέλιτοςof honeyGenitivegenitive of content (with στάμνον)→ relational specificationμέλι (gen.): 'honey'.
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (neut. pl. τάδε): the messenger-formula introducing the oracle of judgment.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula→ oracular presentλέγω (pres.): oracular present.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders Hebrew הִנֵּה; calls attention to the announcement.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; addressed to Ano.
ἀπελεύσῃyou will departFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (announcement)→ predictive futureἀπέρχομαι (fut. ἀπελεύσῃ): 'depart / go away'; she will leave the prophet's presence.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided; separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπ᾿: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; separation).
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the prophet)→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the prophet).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (apodosis-introducing 'and it shall be')→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'will be'; καὶ ἔσται ('and it shall come to pass') is a Hebraism (וְהָיָה) introducing a future scenario.
εἰσελθούσηςas you enterAor Act Ptcp Gen Fem Sg · εἰσέρχομαιparticiple (genitive absolute with σου)→ aorist (coincident future circumstance)εἰσέρχομαι (aor. ptcp.): 'enter'; the genitive absolute εἰσελθούσης σου ('as you enter') frames the moment the news will reach her.
σουyouGenitivegenitive absolute subject (with εἰσελθούσης)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute subject (with εἰσελθούσης).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateAccusativeaccusative of place (the gate she enters)→ object specificationπύλη (acc. πύλην): 'gate'; the city-gate of Sarira; accusative of the place entered.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΣαριραSariraaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣαριρα: Jeroboam's town.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοράσιάmaidens / girlsNominativesubject of ἐξελεύσονται→ participant prominenceκοράσιον (nom. pl. κοράσια): 'girl / maiden / young female servant'; the maidservants who will meet her with the news.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐξελεύσονταίwill come outFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ predictive futureἐξέρχομαι (fut. ἐξελεύσονται): 'go out / come out'; the maidens will come to meet her.
σοιto youDativedative (the one met)→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative (the one met).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
συνάντησινmeetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet')→ object specificationσυνάντησις (acc. συνάντησιν): 'meeting'; εἰς συνάντησιν ('to meet'), renders לִקְרַאת.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσίνwill sayFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb→ predictive futureλέγω (fut. ἐροῦσιν): 'will say'; the maidens will announce the death.
σοιto youDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchildNominativesubject of τέθνηκεν (quoted announcement)→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'child'; the boy.
τέθνηκενhas died / is deadPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · θνῄσκωverb of quoted announcement→ perfect (resultant state)θνῄσκω (perf. τέθνηκεν): 'be dead'; the quoted message 'the child is dead'.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction (begins supplement [m])→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for'; opens 12:24m, the broader oracle of doom on Jeroboam's house.
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (neut. pl. τάδε): the messenger-formula again.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula→ oracular presentλέγω (pres.): oracular present.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I', YHWH the agent of judgment.
ἐξολεθρεύσωI will utterly destroyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐξολεθρεύωmain verb (judgment-oracle)→ predictive future (threat)ἐξολεθρεύω: 'utterly destroy / exterminate'; the intensive compound announces the extirpation of Jeroboam's male line (cf. the dynastic-curse formula, 1 Kgs 14:10).
τοῦofGenitivearticle (partitive genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamgenitive of relationship (indeclinable; whose line)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: 'of Jeroboam' — his house is the object of extermination.
οὐροῦνταone who urinates (i.e. every male)Pres Act Ptcp Acc Masc Sg · οὐρέωsubstantival participle (object of ἐξολεθρεύσω)→ present (characterizing)οὐρέω (ptcp. οὐροῦντα): 'urinate'; οὐροῦντα πρὸς τοῖχον ('one who urinates against a wall') is a coarse Hebraism (מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר) for 'every male'; the idiom marks total dynastic destruction.
πρὸςagainstpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τοῖχονwallAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationτοῖχος (acc. τοῖχον): 'wall'; part of the idiom for 'every male'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (fate of the dead)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut. ἔσονται): 'will be'; introduces the fate of Jeroboam's dead — denial of burial.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεθνηκότεςthe deadPerf Act Ptcp Nom Masc Pl · θνῄσκωsubstantival participle (subject)→ perfect (state: those who have died)θνῄσκω (perf. ptcp. τεθνηκότες): 'the dead'; Jeroboam's deceased who will be denied honorable burial.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειcityDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceπόλις (dat. πόλει): 'city'; those who die in the city.
καταφάγονταιwill devourFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · κατεσθίωmain verb→ predictive futureκατεσθίω (fut. καταφάγονται): 'devour / eat up'; the dogs will consume the corpses — the curse of non-burial (cf. 1 Kgs 14:11).
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύνεςdogsNominativesubject of καταφάγονται→ participant prominenceκύων (nom. pl. κύνες): 'dog'; scavengers; their devouring of the dead is the ultimate dishonor.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεθνηκόταthe dead onePerf Act Ptcp Acc Masc Sg · θνῄσκωsubstantival participle (object of καταφάγεται)→ perfect (state)θνῄσκω (perf. ptcp. τεθνηκότα): 'the dead one'; one who dies in the open field.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρῷfieldDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceἀγρός (dat. ἀγρῷ): 'field / open country'; those who die outside the city.
καταφάγεταιwill devourFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · κατεσθίωmain verb→ predictive futureκατεσθίω (fut. καταφάγεται): 'devour'; here singular agreeing with the neuter plural subject (τὰ πετεινά).
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινὰbirdsNominativesubject of καταφάγεται→ participant prominenceπετεινόν (nom. pl. πετεινά): 'bird / flying creature'; 'the birds of heaven' (carrion birds).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheaven / skyGenitivegenitive of relationship (with πετεινά)→ relational specificationοὐρανός (gen. οὐρανοῦ): 'heaven / sky'; 'the birds of heaven'.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchildAccusativedirect object of κόψονται (fronted)→ object specificationπαιδάριον: 'child'; the sick boy, the one exception — he alone will be mourned and buried.
κόψονταιthey will mourn / beat the breastFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · κόπτωmain verb (mourning)→ predictive futureκόπτω (mid. κόψονται): 'beat (the breast) / mourn / lament'; the middle denotes ritual mourning; the child alone of Jeroboam's house will receive lament and burial.
οὐαὶalas / woeinterjection (lament cry)→ clausal contributionοὐαί: 'alas / woe'; the cry of lamentation over the dead child.
κύριεO LordVocativevocative (in the lament cry)→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): 'Lord'; here possibly the mourning cry 'Alas, lord!' (a lament over a noble, cf. Jer 22:18), or an address to the LORD.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; gives the reason the child alone is spared dishonor.
εὑρέθηwas foundAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω (aor. pass. εὑρέθη): 'be found'; something good was found in the child (cf. 1 Kgs 14:13).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
αὐτῷhimDativedative of place (in the child)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of place (in the child).
ῥῆμαthing / wordNominativesubject of εὑρέθη→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'thing / word / matter'; here 'something good' was found in him.
καλὸνgoodNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ῥῆμα)→ participant prominenceκαλός (neut. καλόν): 'good / fine'; the child's piety, the sole good in Jeroboam's house.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / toward'; the good in him was directed toward the LORD.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton; the object of the child's devotion.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [n])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24n, the fulfilment — the child dies as Ano returns.
ἀπῆλθενwent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι (aor. ἀπῆλθεν): 'go away / depart'; Ano leaves the prophet.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνήwoman / wifeNominativesubject (Ano)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman / wife'; Ano.
ὡςwhen / astemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when'; introduces the temporal clause.
ἤκουσενheardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; she heard the oracle and departed.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative-framing formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): the καὶ ἐγένετο formula frames the fulfilment.
ὡςwhen / astemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when'; exactly as the prophet foretold.
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι (aor. εἰσῆλθεν): 'enter'; she enters Sarira.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαριραSariraaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣαριρα: Jeroboam's town.
καὶand / thatnarrative conjunction (apodosis of ἐγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchildNominativesubject of ἀπέθανεν→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'child'; the boy, who dies exactly as foretold.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (fulfilment of the oracle)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω (aor. ἀπέθανεν): 'die'; the prophesied death occurs.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι (aor. ἐξῆλθεν): 'go out'; the cry of mourning goes out to meet her.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραυγὴcry / wailingNominativesubject of ἐξῆλθεν→ participant prominenceκραυγή: 'cry / outcry / wailing'; the wail of mourning, fulfilling the prophet's word that the maidens would announce the death.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
ἀπαντήνmeetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet her')→ object specificationἀπαντή (acc. ἀπαντήν): 'meeting'; εἰς ἀπαντήν ('to meet').
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [o])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24o, the Shechem assembly and the torn-garment sign.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go'; Jeroboam goes to Shechem.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΣικιμαShechemaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣικιμα: Shechem; the assembly-site (as in v. 1), here in the supplement's parallel account.
τὴνthe (which is)Accusativearticle (attributive, with prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ὄρειhill countryDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceὄρος (dat. ὄρει): 'hill country'; 'in the hill country of Ephraim'.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήθροισενgatheredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συναθροίζωmain verb→ constative aoristσυναθροίζω: 'gather together / assemble'; Jeroboam convenes the tribes at Shechem.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; at Shechem.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλὰςtribesAccusativedirect object of συνήθροισεν→ object specificationφυλή (acc. pl. φυλάς): 'tribe'; the tribes of Israel assembled by Jeroboam.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναβαίνω (aor. ἀνέβη): 'go up'; Rehoboam too goes up to Shechem (the parallel to v. 1).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ροβοαμ→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; 'son of Solomon'.
ΣαλωμωνSolomongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγοςwordNominativesubject (word-event formula)→ participant prominenceλόγος: 'word'; the word of the LORD comes to the prophet (here Shemaiah the Elamite).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (with λόγος)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton.
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (word-event formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'came to be'; the prophetic word-reception formula.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΣαμαιανShemaiahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the prophet)→ object specificationΣαμαιας (acc. Σαμαιαν): 'Shemaiah'; declinable; here given the epithet 'the Elamite' (the supplement's form of the prophet's identification — in the main text 'man of God').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ελαμι)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ελαμιthe Elamiteepithet (indeclinable; modifying Σαμαιαν)→ participant identificationΕλαμι: an indeclinable gentilic/epithet ('the Elamite' or 'the Enlamite'), identifying this Shemaiah in the supplement; treated as indeclinable.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of attendant speech→ imperfective participle (pleonastic speech-marker)λέγω (ptcp.): introduces the LORD's command.
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωimperative (the sign-act command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeλαμβάνω (impv. λαβέ): 'take'; the prophet is to take a new garment for the symbolic act (a doublet of Ahijah's sign, 1 Kgs 11:29-31).
σεαυτῷfor yourselfDativereflexive dative of advantage→ sphere or referenceσεαυτοῦ (dat. σεαυτῷ): reflexive 'for yourself'; an ethical dative emphasizing personal action.
ἱμάτιονgarment / cloakAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment / outer cloak'; the new cloak to be torn into twelve pieces, symbolizing the twelve tribes.
καινὸνnewAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἱμάτιον)→ object specificationκαινός (acc. καινόν): 'new / fresh'; the garment must be new and unwashed (whole, undamaged) for the sign to be meaningful.
τὸthe (which)Accusativearticle (substantizing the participle εἰσεληλυθός)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with εἰσεληλυθός)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσεληλυθὸςhaving gone / comePerf Act Ptcp Acc Neut Sg · εἰσέρχομαιparticiple (attributive, modifying ἱμάτιον)→ perfect (settled state: not yet washed)εἰσέρχομαι (perf. ptcp. εἰσεληλυθός): 'gone in'; 'that has not gone into water' = an unwashed (new) garment.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ὕδωρwaterAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationὕδωρ: 'water'; the garment is unwashed, hence new and intact.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥῆξονtearAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ῥήγνυμιimperative (the symbolic act)→ ingressive aorist imperativeῥήγνυμι (impv. ῥῆξον): 'tear / rend'; the prophet tears the garment as a sign of the kingdom's division.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ῥῆξον (the garment)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ῥῆξον (the garment).
δώδεκαtwelvecardinal numeral (with ῥήγματα)→ clausal contributionδώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable; the twelve pieces = the twelve tribes.
ῥήγματαpieces / fragmentsAccusativeaccusative of result (predicative: 'into twelve pieces')→ object specificationῥῆγμα (acc. pl. ῥήγματα): 'fragment / torn piece'; the rent pieces symbolizing the tribes (cf. Ahijah's twelve pieces, 1 Kgs 11:30).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειςyou shall giveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureδίδωμι (fut. δώσεις): 'give'; the prophet is to give the pieces to Jeroboam.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamdative indirect object (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative indirect object (indeclinable).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureλέγω (fut. ἐρεῖς): 'you shall say'; introduces the accompanying oracle.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (neut. pl. τάδε): the messenger-formula.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula→ oracular presentλέγω (pres.): oracular present.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton.
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωimperative (oracle to Jeroboam)→ ingressive aorist imperativeλαμβάνω (impv. λαβέ): 'take'; Jeroboam is to take ten of the pieces — the ten tribes given to him.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfDativereflexive dative of advantage→ sphere or referenceσεαυτοῦ (dat.): 'for yourself'.
δέκαtencardinal numeral (with ῥήγματα)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; the ten tribes assigned to Jeroboam.
ῥήγματαpiecesAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationῥῆγμα (acc. pl.): 'pieces'; the ten he is to take.
τοῦto / so as toGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιβαλέσθαιto clothe yourselfAor Mid Inf · περιβάλλωarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ περιβαλέσθαι)→ purpose (telic)περιβάλλω (mid.): 'put on / clothe oneself'; the purpose — Jeroboam is to clothe himself with the ten pieces, symbolically donning the ten-tribe kingdom.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of the articular infinitive→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of the articular infinitive.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Jeroboam's compliance)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω (aor. ἔλαβεν): 'take'; Jeroboam takes the pieces, accepting the sign.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): Shemaiah interprets the sign.
ΣαμαιαςShemaiahNominativesubject (declinable name)→ participant prominenceΣαμαιας (nom.): 'Shemaiah'; the prophet who performs the torn-garment sign.
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (neut. pl. τάδε): messenger-formula.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula→ oracular presentλέγω (pres.): oracular present.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton.
ἐπὶconcerning / overpreposition + accusative (reference)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: here 'concerning / over'; the oracle pertains to the ten tribes.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέκαtencardinal numeral (modifying φυλάς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; the ten northern tribes.
φυλὰςtribesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationφυλή (acc. pl. φυλάς): 'tribe'; the ten tribes assigned to Jeroboam.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [p])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24p, the supplement's parallel of the people's plea (cf. vv. 3-4).
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): the people address Rehoboam (a doublet of vv. 3-4).
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubject→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'; the assembled tribes.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΡοβοαμRehoboamaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ροβοαμ→ object specificationυἱός (acc.): 'son'; 'son of Solomon'.
ΣαλωμωνSolomongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατήρfatherNominativesubject (= Solomon, within quoted plea)→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; Solomon, in the people's complaint.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐβάρυνενmade heavyAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βαρύνωmain verb (within quoted plea)→ constative aoristβαρύνω: 'make heavy / burden'; the complaint about Solomon's yoke (cf. v. 4).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλοιὸνyokeAccusativedirect object of ἐβάρυνεν→ object specificationκλοιός: 'yoke / collar'; the burden of Solomon's reign.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided; imposition)→ spatial or relational framingἐφ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided; imposition).
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative object of ἐφ᾿→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐφ᾿.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβάρυνενmade heavyAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βαρύνωmain verb (second complaint)→ constative aoristβαρύνω: 'make heavy'; here of the burdensome provisioning of the royal table (a detail unique to the supplement).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρώματαfood / provisionsAccusativedirect object of ἐβάρυνεν→ object specificationβρῶμα (acc. pl. βρώματα): 'food / provisions'; the food-levy for Solomon's table (cf. 1 Kgs 4:22-23), an added grievance.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραπέζηςtableGenitivegenitive of relationship (with βρώματα)→ relational specificationτράπεζα (gen. τραπέζης): 'table'; the royal table whose provisioning burdened the people.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; the decisive moment of petition.
εἰifconditional conjunction (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if'; introduces the conditional plea.
κουφιεῖςyou will lightenFut Act Indic 2 Sg · κουφίζωverb of protasis→ future (condition)κουφίζω (fut. κουφιεῖς): 'lighten'; the people's request — if the king lightens the burden.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐφ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided).
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative object of ἐφ᾿→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐφ᾿.
καὶthen / andcoordinating conjunction (apodosis marker)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: introduces the apodosis ('then we will serve you'), Hebraizing waw-apodosis.
δουλεύσομένwe will serveFut Act Indic 1 Pl · δουλεύωverb of apodosis (the pledge)→ promissory futureδουλεύω: 'serve'; the conditional pledge of loyalty (cf. v. 4).
σοιyouDativedative complement of δουλεύσομεν→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative complement of δουλεύσομεν.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Rehoboam's reply)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): Rehoboam defers his answer (cf. v. 5).
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationλαός (acc. λαόν): 'people'.
ἔτιyet / stilladverb (temporal: 'yet three days')→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'yet / still'; 'in yet three days', the deferral period.
τριῶνthreeGenitiveattributive numeral (with ἡμερῶν)→ relational specificationτρεῖς (gen. τριῶν): 'three'.
ἡμερῶνdaysGenitivegenitive of time (within which)→ relational specificationἡμέρα (gen. pl. ἡμερῶν): 'day'; the three-day deliberation (cf. v. 5).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκριθήσομαιI will answerFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (the promised reply)→ predictive futureἀποκρίνομαι (fut. ἀποκριθήσομαι): 'answer'; Rehoboam promises a reply after three days.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
ῥῆμαa word / answerAccusativedirect object of ἀποκριθήσομαι→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / answer'; the content of the forthcoming reply.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [q])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24q, Rehoboam's consultation of the elders.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): Rehoboam summons the elders.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
εἰσαγάγετέbring inAor Act Impv 2 Pl · εἰσάγωimperative (command to attendants)→ ingressive aorist imperativeεἰσάγω (impv. εἰσαγάγετε): 'bring in / lead in'; the king orders the elders summoned.
μοιto meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςeldersAccusativedirect object of εἰσαγάγετε→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος (acc. pl. πρεσβυτέρους): 'elders'; the senior counselors (cf. v. 6).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμβουλεύσομαιI will take counselFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · συμβουλεύωmain verb (purpose of summons)→ predictive futureσυμβουλεύω (mid.): 'take counsel / consult'; the king will deliberate with the elders.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (elided; association)→ spatial or relational framingμετ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; association).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of μετ᾿→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετ᾿.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ἀποκριθῶ)→ participant referenceτίς (neut. τί): 'what'; the deliberative question.
ἀποκριθῶI should answerAor Pass Subj 1 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιdeliberative subjunctive→ deliberative subjunctiveἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; 'what should I answer the people?'
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceλαός (dat. λαῷ): 'people'.
ῥῆμαa word / answerAccusativedirect object of ἀποκριθῶ→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / answer'.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the appointed third day.
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive, with τρίτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῃthirdDativeordinal adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: 'third'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; Rehoboam lays the people's request before the elders.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into the ears')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (idiom: 'into the ears').
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦταearsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom)→ object specificationοὖς (pl. ὦτα): 'ear'; 'into their ears' (Hebraism for direct address).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καθὼςjust ascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as / according as'; the king reports exactly what the people sent.
ἀπέστειλενsent / sent wordAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωverb of καθώς-clause→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; here 'sent word / made representation' — the people's message to the king.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubject of ἀπέστειλεν→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (the elders' reply)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): 'said'; the elders respond.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersNominativesubject of εἶπον→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος (nom. pl.): 'elders'; the senior counselors.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of relationship (with πρεσβύτεροι)→ relational specificationλαός (gen. λαοῦ): 'people'; the elders of the people.
οὕτωςthus / soadverb of manner→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus'; the elders merely confirm the people's request — 'thus the people have spoken to you' (their counsel, by implication, is to grant it).
ἐλάλησενhas spokenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the elders' reply→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; 'thus the people have spoken to you'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
σὲyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king).
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleNominativesubject of ἐλάλησεν→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [r])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24r, Rehoboam's rejection of the elders and turn to his companions.
διεσκέδασενscattered / set asideAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διασκεδάννυμιmain verb (rejection of counsel)→ constative aoristδιασκεδάννυμι: 'scatter / disperse / annul'; Rehoboam 'scattered' (rejected/annulled) the elders' counsel — the supplement's vivid equivalent of ἐγκατέλιπεν (v. 8).
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴνcounselAccusativedirect object of διεσκέδασεν→ object specificationβουλή: 'counsel'; the elders' advice, rejected.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the elders')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the elders').
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἤρεσεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρεσενpleasedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρέσκωmain verb (impersonal: 'it pleased')→ constative aoristἀρέσκω: 'please / be pleasing'; the elders' counsel did not please Rehoboam (ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, 'in his sight').
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; Hebraism 'in his eyes'.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐνώπιον.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; Rehoboam sends for his companions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσάγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσάγω (aor. εἰσήγαγεν): 'bring in'; he brings in his young companions.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντρόφουςcompanions / foster-brothersAccusativedirect object of εἰσήγαγεν→ object specificationσύντροφος (acc. pl. συντρόφους): 'foster-brother / companion raised together'; the supplement's term for the young men (παιδάρια) of vv. 8-11 — those reared alongside Rehoboam.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; he lays the same matter before them.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτάthe same thingsAccusativedirect object (τὰ αὐτά: 'the same things')→ participant referenceαὐτός (neut. pl. αὐτά): in τὰ αὐτά = 'the same things'; the king repeats the people's request to his companions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (introducing quoted report)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν (within quoted report)→ object specificationοὗτος (neut. pl. ταῦτα): 'these things'; the king quotes the people's message — 'and these things the people sent to me'.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (within quoted report)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send (word)'; the people's message.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king speaking)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king speaking).
λέγωνsaid / sayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple (loosely attached, marking the speaker)→ imperfective participle (pleonastic speech-marker)λέγω (ptcp.): the participle (singular, agreeing loosely with ὁ λαός) marks the reported speech.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleNominativesubject (of the reported sending)→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'; the senders of the message.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (the companions' counsel)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπαν): 'said'; the companions give their harsh advice.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύντροφοιcompanionsNominativesubject of εἶπαν→ participant prominenceσύντροφος (nom. pl. σύντροφοι): 'foster-brothers / companions'; the young men.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
οὕτωςthusadverb of manner (introducing scripted reply)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; 'thus shall you say to the people'.
λαλήσειςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival future (instruction)λαλέω (fut. λαλήσεις): 'you shall say'; prescribes the king's harsh reply.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationλαός (acc. λαόν): 'people'.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of attendant speech→ imperfective participle (pleonastic speech-marker)λέγω (ptcp.): introduces the harsh formula.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μικρότηςlittleness / little fingerNominativesubject (of the comparative boast)→ participant prominenceμικρότης: 'smallness / littleness' (the 'little finger'); the boast 'my little finger is thicker than my father's loins' (cf. v. 10, here with ὑπέρ + acc. rather than the genitive of comparison).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
παχυτέραthickerNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)→ participant prominenceπαχύς (comparative παχυτέρα): 'thicker'; here construed with ὑπέρ + accusative ('thicker than') rather than the genitive of comparison of v. 10.
ὑπὲρthan / beyondpreposition + accusative (comparison)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + acc.: 'beyond / more than'; a Hebraizing comparative construction (מִן) replacing the classical genitive of comparison.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφὺνloins / waistAccusativeaccusative object of ὑπέρ (comparison)→ object specificationὀσφῦς (acc. ὀσφύν): 'loin / waist'; the seat of strength, against which the king's 'little finger' is boastfully measured.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀσφύν)→ relational specificationπατήρ (gen. πατρός): 'father'; Solomon.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατήρfatherNominativesubject (second saying)→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; Solomon.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐμαστίγουscourgedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · μαστιγόωmain verb (the father's chastisement)→ imperfect (customary past)μαστιγόω: 'whip / scourge'; the supplement's verb (cognate with μάστιξ) for Solomon's corporal discipline, parallel to ἐπαίδευσεν (v. 11).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of ἐμαστίγου→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐμαστίγου.
μάστιγξινwith whipsDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceμάστιξ (dat. pl. μάστιγξιν): 'whip / scourge'; the milder instrument.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I', contrasting the new king with his father.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: adversative, sharpening the father/son contrast.
κατάρξωI will rule / masterFut Act Indic 1 Sg · κατάρχωmain verb (escalated threat)→ predictive future (threat)κατάρχω: 'rule over / master / hold sway' (+ gen.); the supplement's verb (replacing παιδεύσω of v. 11) — 'I will master you with scorpions', a threat of harsh domination.
ὑμῶνyou / over youGenitivegenitive complement of κατάρξω (rule over)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: genitive object of κατάρχω ('rule over you').
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrument)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrument).
σκορπίοιςscorpionsDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceσκορπίος (dat. pl. σκορπίοις): 'scorpion'; barbed scourges (cf. v. 11).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [s])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24s, the king's adoption of the harsh counsel.
ἤρεσενpleasedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρέσκωmain verb (impersonal: 'it pleased')→ constative aoristἀρέσκω: 'please'; the harsh word pleased Rehoboam — the inverse of the elders' counsel which did not (v. 24r).
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject of ἤρεσεν→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word'; the companions' harsh advice.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; 'in Rehoboam's sight'.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamgenitive object of ἐνώπιον (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive object of ἐνώπιον (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; Rehoboam answers the people harshly.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceλαός (dat. λαῷ): 'people'.
καθὼςjust ascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as'; the king follows the companions' counsel.
συνεβούλευσανthey counseledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συμβουλεύωverb of καθώς-clause→ constative aoristσυμβουλεύω: 'counsel / advise'; the companions' advice now enacted.
αὐτῷhimDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύντροφοιcompanionsNominativesubject of συνεβούλευσαν→ participant prominenceσύντροφος (nom. pl.): 'companions / foster-brothers'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
τὰtheNominativearticle (in apposition to σύντροφοι)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριαyoung menNominativeappositional noun (identifying the companions)→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον (nom. pl. παιδάρια): 'young men'; glosses the σύντροφοι, equating the supplement's term with the παιδάρια of the main account (vv. 8-11).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [t])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24t, the people's secession-cry.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (with collective subject)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπεν): 'said'; the whole people respond as one.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying λαός)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the people'.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubject of εἶπεν→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'.
ὡςas / likecomparative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / like'; 'as one man' — a Hebraism (כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד) for unanimity.
ἀνὴρmanNominativepredicate (in the simile 'as one man')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; 'as one man' = with one accord.
εἷςoneNominativenumeral (with ἀνήρ)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the unanimity-idiom.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativesubject (distributive, in apposition)→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each'; 'each to his neighbor' depicts the cry passing through the whole assembly.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborDativedative (substantizied adverb: 'to his neighbor')→ sphere or referenceπλησίον: 'neighbor'; the indeclinable adverb used substantivally with the dative article.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέκραξανcried outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀνακράζωmain verb (the shout)→ constative aoristἀνακράζω: 'cry out / shout aloud'; the people raise the secession-cry together.
ἅπαντεςall togetherNominativesubject (emphatic 'all')→ participant prominenceἅπας (nom. pl. ἅπαντες): 'all (together)'; the strengthened form of πᾶς, stressing total unanimity.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Pl · λέγωparticiple of attendant speech→ verbal action or stateλέγω (ptcp.): introduces the secession-cry.
οὐno / notnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: 'not'; 'no portion for us in David' (cf. v. 16).
μερὶςportion / shareNominativesubject (of the verbless cry)→ participant prominenceμερίς: 'portion / share'; the denial of any stake in the Davidic house (cf. v. 16; 2 Sam 20:1).
ἡμῖνto us / have weDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (relation)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (relation).
ΔαυιδDaviddative object of ἐν (indeclinable; the dynasty)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: the Davidic dynasty, repudiated.
οὐδὲnornegative coordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδέ: 'nor'; parallel denial.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativesubject (of the verbless cry)→ participant prominenceκληρονομία: 'inheritance'; parallel to μερίς (cf. v. 16).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (relation)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (relation).
υἱῷsonDativedative object of ἐν→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. υἱῷ): 'son'; 'the son of Jesse' = David (a dismissive periphrasis).
ΙεσσαιJessegenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεσσαι: David's father; 'son of Jesse' diminishes the dynasty.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματάtentsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationσκήνωμα (acc. pl. σκηνώματα): 'tent / dwelling'; 'to your tents, O Israel!' — the ancient cry of tribal dispersal (cf. v. 16).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ΙσραηλO Israelvocative (indeclinable; addressee of the cry)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: vocative, addressing the northern tribes.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for'; gives the ground of the secession — Rehoboam is unfit to rule.
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; contemptuous reference to Rehoboam.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject (predicate of the verbless clause)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man'; 'this man' (Rehoboam) is judged unfit for rule.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςfor / fit to bepreposition + accusative (predicative purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: predicative ('fit to be / destined for'); 'this man is not for a ruler'.
ἄρχονταrulerAccusativeaccusative (predicative with εἰς)→ object specificationἄρχων (acc. ἄρχοντα): 'ruler'; the office for which Rehoboam is deemed unfit.
οὐδὲnornegative coordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδέ: 'nor'.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (predicative purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (predicative purpose).
ἡγούμενονleaderPres Mid Ptcp Acc Masc Sg · ἡγέομαιsubstantival participle (predicative with εἰς)→ present (characterizing)ἡγέομαι (ptcp. ἡγούμενον): 'lead / govern'; the substantival participle 'a leader / ruler'; renders Hebrew נָגִיד; parallel to ἄρχων.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [u])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24u, the dispersal and Rehoboam's flight to Jerusalem.
διεσπάρηwas scatteredAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · διασπείρωmain verb (the dispersal)→ constative aoristδιασπείρω (aor. pass. διεσπάρη): 'scatter / disperse'; the people scatter from Shechem (cf. the 'diaspora' cognate).
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying λαός)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubject of διεσπάρη→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΣικιμωνShechemGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationΣικιμα (here gen. pl. Σικιμων): 'Shechem'; this inflected genitive-plural form (treating the toponym as a plural) is declinable, hence kind 'n' with case.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθενwent offAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (with distributive subject)→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι (aor. ἀπῆλθεν): 'go away'; each went to his own tent.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativesubject (distributive)→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκήνωμαtentAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationσκήνωμα: 'tent / dwelling'; each man's home.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεκράτησενprevailed / held firmAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατακρατέωmain verb→ constative aoristκατακρατέω: 'prevail / take firm hold / master'; Rehoboam asserts control (over Judah/Benjamin) and withdraws.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθενwent offAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away'; Rehoboam departs.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηmounted / went upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναβαίνω (aor. ἀνέβη): 'go up / mount'; Rehoboam mounts his chariot (cf. the chariot-flight implied in v. 18).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (onto)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (onto).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρμαchariotAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἅρμα: 'chariot'; the king's chariot for his escape to Jerusalem.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι (aor. εἰσῆλθεν): 'enter'; Rehoboam reaches Jerusalem.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: the Davidic capital.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύονταιgo / followPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid)πορεύομαι: 'go'; ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ('after him') = 'follow him'; Judah and Benjamin remain loyal.
ὀπίσωafterpreposition + genitive (allegiance: 'after / behind')→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: 'after / behind'; 'follow after' = give allegiance to.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ὀπίσω.
πᾶνallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying σκῆπτρον)→ participant prominenceπᾶς (neut. πᾶν): 'all'; 'all the tribe of Judah'.
σκῆπτρονtribeNominativesubject of πορεύονται→ participant prominenceσκῆπτρον: 'scepter / tribe'; the tribe of Judah.
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: the tribe of Judah.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying σκῆπτρον)→ participant prominenceπᾶς (neut. πᾶν): 'all'.
σκῆπτρονtribeNominativesubject (coordinate with the first σκῆπτρον)→ participant prominenceσκῆπτρον: 'tribe'; the tribe of Benjamin.
ΒενιαμινBenjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: the tribe of Benjamin.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [x])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24x, Rehoboam's muster for war.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative-framing formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): the καὶ ἐγένετο formula with a genitive-absolute time-marker.
ἐνισταμένουas it drew near / at the turnPres Mid Ptcp Gen Masc Sg · ἐνίστημιparticiple (genitive absolute with τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ)→ present (contemporaneous circumstance)ἐνίστημι (mid. ptcp.): 'be present / be at hand / come round'; the genitive absolute ἐνισταμένου τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ('at the turn of the year') marks the campaign-season.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive absolute)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearGenitivegenitive absolute subject (with ἐνισταμένου)→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός (gen. ἐνιαυτοῦ): 'year'; 'the turn of the year', the spring campaign-season (cf. 2 Sam 11:1).
καὶand / thatnarrative conjunction (apodosis of ἐγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήθροισενgathered / musteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συναθροίζωmain verb (the muster)→ constative aoristσυναθροίζω: 'gather / assemble'; Rehoboam musters the southern army (the supplement's parallel to v. 21).
ΡοβοαμRehoboamsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
πάνταevery / allAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἄνδρα)→ object specificationπᾶς (acc. masc. πάντα): 'every'; 'every man of Judah and Benjamin'.
ἄνδραmanAccusativedirect object of συνήθροισεν (collective)→ object specificationἀνήρ (acc. ἄνδρα): 'man'; collective 'every man' (the fighting men).
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: the tribe of Judah.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: the tribe of Benjamin.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ constative aoristἀναβαίνω (aor. ἀνέβη): 'go up'; Rehoboam goes up to make war.
τοῦto / in order toGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμεῖνto make warPres Act Inf · πολεμέωarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ πολεμεῖν)→ purpose (telic)πολεμέω: 'wage war'; the purpose of the march — to fight Jeroboam.
πρὸςagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile: 'against')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'against'.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
εἰςto / atpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΣικιμαShechemaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣικιμα: Shechem, Jeroboam's base.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [y])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24y, the word of the LORD to Shemaiah forbidding the war (parallel to vv. 22-23).
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (word-event formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): the prophetic word-reception formula.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word'; the word of the LORD.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΣαμαιανShemaiahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the prophet)→ object specificationΣαμαιας (acc. Σαμαιαν): 'Shemaiah'; declinable; here titled 'man of God' (as in v. 22).
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativeaccusative in apposition (title 'man of God')→ object specificationἄνθρωπος (acc.): 'man'; 'man of God'.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (in the title 'man of God')→ relational specificationθεός (gen.): 'God'.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of attendant speech→ imperfective participle (pleonastic speech-marker)λέγω (ptcp.): introduces the LORD's command.
εἰπὸνspeakAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λέγωimperative (command to the prophet)→ ingressive aorist imperativeλέγω (aor. impv. εἰπόν): 'say / speak'; commission to address the southern coalition.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡοβοαμRehoboamdative indirect object (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡοβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative indirect object (indeclinable).
βασιλεῖkingDativedative in apposition to Ροβοαμ→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. βασιλεῖ): 'king'; 'king of Judah'.
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: the southern kingdom.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (second addressee)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying οἶκον)→ object specificationπᾶς (acc. masc. πάντα): 'all'; 'all the house of Judah'.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the southern tribes.
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: the second loyal tribe.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (third addressee)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλειμμαremnant / remainderAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationκατάλειμμα: 'remnant / remainder'; the rest of the people (parallel to τῷ καταλοίπῳ, v. 23).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive (with κατάλειμμα: 'remnant of the people')→ relational specificationλαός (gen. λαοῦ): 'people'.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of attendant speech→ imperfective participle (pleonastic speech-marker)λέγω (ptcp.): introduces the oracle proper.
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (neut. pl. τάδε): the messenger-formula.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula→ oracular presentλέγω (pres.): oracular present.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀναβήσεσθε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσεσθεyou shall go upFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (prohibition)→ prohibitive futureἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the prohibition of war (identical to the oracle at the head of v. 24).
οὐδὲnornegative coordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδέ: 'nor'.
πολεμήσετεyou shall make warFut Act Indic 2 Pl · πολεμέωmain verb (prohibition, parallel)→ prohibitive futureπολεμέω: 'wage war'; the prohibited fratricidal war.
πρὸςagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile: 'against')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'against'; here (unlike μετά at the head of v. 24) the supplement uses πρός for 'against'.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἀδελφός (acc. pl. ἀδελφούς): 'brother'; the northern tribes as kin.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ἀδελφούς→ object specificationυἱός (acc. pl. υἱούς): 'sons'; 'sons of Israel'.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ἀναστρέφετεreturnPres Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀναστρέφωimperative (command to disperse)→ present imperative (command)ἀναστρέφω (impv. ἀναστρέφετε): 'turn back / return'; here a 2nd-person plural imperative ('return, each of you') — note the slight variation from the 3rd-person ἀναστρεφέτω at the head of v. 24.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativesubject (distributive, with plural imperative)→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each'; distributive subject.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / home'; each to his own home.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for'; the divine reason for the prohibition.
παρ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided; source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; the LORD as source of the schism.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of παρ᾿ (emphatic first person)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. ἐμοῦ): 'from me'; YHWH's own will.
γέγονενhas come aboutPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of ὅτι-clause→ perfect (settled accomplished state)γίνομαι (perf. γέγονεν): 'have come to pass'; the schism is a divinely-accomplished fact.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαthing / matterNominativesubject of γέγονεν→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'thing / matter'; 'this thing' (the division).
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative (modifying ῥῆμα)→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ῥῆμα).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins supplement [z])→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: opens 12:24z, the obedience that closes the supplement.
ἤκουσανthey listened / obeyedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (obedience)→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear / heed'; with the genitive (τοῦ λόγου) = 'obey'; the coalition obeys the prohibition (cf. the head of v. 24).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουwordGenitivegenitive object of ἤκουσαν→ relational specificationλόγος (gen. λόγου): 'word'; the prophetic prohibition.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέσχονthey refrained / held backAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀνέχωmain verb (cessation)→ constative aoristἀνέχω (aor. ἀνέσχον): 'hold back / refrain / forbear'; with the genitive articular infinitive (τοῦ πορευθῆναι) = 'refrained from going (to war)'; the supplement's equivalent of κατέπαυσαν at the head of v. 24.
τοῦfromGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of separation)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορευθῆναιto goAor Pass Inf · πορεύομαιarticular infinitive (genitive of separation with ἀνέσχον)→ telic aorist infinitiveπορεύομαι: 'go'; 'refrained from going (to war)'.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; their obedience conforms to the divine word — the supplement closes on the same note as the verse opened.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word'; the divine command obeyed.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton; the closing word of the great Jeroboam supplement.