Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Third Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 17 (1 Kings 17)ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Γ′ ΙΖ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Elijah begins the drought, is sustained in hidden places, and raises the widow's son by the Lord's word.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 3 Kingdoms 17 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. 3 Kingdoms 17 (= MT 1 Kings 17) inaugurates the Elijah cycle: the prophet Ηλιου ('Elijah') the Tishbite bursts into the narrative without introduction, swearing by the living LORD (ζῇ κύριος) that there shall be neither dew nor rain except by his word (v. 1) — the announcement of the great drought that frames chapters 17–18. The chapter unfolds in three sustaining miracles: the ravens (οἱ κόρακες) feed Elijah at the Wadi Cherith (Χορραθ) morning and evening (vv. 2–7); the widow (χήρα) of Sarepta (Σαρεπτα) of Sidon shares her last handful of meal (δρὰξ ἀλεύρου) and oil, which then do not fail (οὐκ ἐξέλιπεν … οὐκ ἐλαττονώθη) through the famine, in fulfilment of the prophetic word τάδε λέγει κύριος (vv. 8–16); and finally the widow's son dies and is raised when Elijah stretches over the child and the LORD restores his life (vv. 17–24). The chapter is doubly important for the New Testament: Jesus cites the Sarepta widow as the paradigm of grace reaching beyond Israel (Luke 4:25–26), and James appeals to Elijah's prayer that 'it might not rain' as the model of the righteous person's effective petition (Jas 5:17–18, echoing the drought-oath of v. 1). The LXX text is markedly Hebraic in its καί-parataxis and in idioms such as ζῇ κύριος (חַי־יְהוָה, the oath formula), τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί ('what to me and to you?', v. 18), and ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ / ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ ('man of God', vv. 18, 24). The divine name κύριος renders the Tetragrammaton throughout, except where the widow addresses Elijah within the human idioms of the household.

1

καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου ὁ προφήτης ὁ Θεσβίτης ἐκ Θεσβων τῆς Γαλααδ πρὸς Αχααβ ζῇ κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῶν δυνάμεων ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ᾧ παρέστην ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ εἰ ἔσται τὰ ἔτη ταῦτα δρόσος καὶ ὑετὸς ὅτι εἰ μὴ διὰ στόματος λόγου μου

And Elijah the prophet, the Tishbite from Tishbe of Gilead, said to Ahab, 'As the LORD the God of hosts, the God of Israel, lives, before whom I stand, there shall be in these years no dew nor rain except by the mouth of my word.'

Abrupt narrative opening: the prophet's oath-announcement (main narrative)καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου
Elijah enters the narrative without genealogy or commissioning, his speech introduced by the Hebraizing καὶ εἶπεν. The oath-formula ζῇ κύριος ('as the LORD lives', חַי־יְהוָה) opens a solemn asseveration; the elliptical εἰ ἔσται … (lit. 'if there shall be …') is a Hebraism for an emphatic negative oath ('there shall surely not be'). The drought thus announced governs chapters 17–18 and is invoked at Jas 5:17.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λέγω: 'say / speak'; the aorist εἶπεν with the Hebraizing καί introduces Elijah's abrupt first words; the prophet enters the narrative with no prior introduction, his identity carried entirely by the appositional titles that follow.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliteration of Hebrew אֵלִיָּהוּ ('Yah is my God'); indeclinable in the LXX; the name itself is a theological program — the contest of chapters 17–18 is precisely over whether YHWH or Baal is God. Elijah is the prophet whose return is awaited (Mal 4:5) and who appears at the Transfiguration (Mark 9:4).
theNominativearticle (with appositive προφήτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetNominativeappositive to Ηλιου→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet / spokesman'; renders נָבִיא; the title establishes Elijah's office at the outset — he speaks not on his own authority but as the mouth of YHWH, which is why his word controls the rain (εἰ μὴ διὰ στόματος λόγου μου).
theNominativearticle (with appositive Θεσβίτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΘεσβίτηςTishbiteNominativeappositive to Ηλιου (gentilic)→ participant prominenceΘεσβίτης: 'the Tishbite', gentilic of Θεσβη/Θεσβων; renders הַתִּשְׁבִּי; identifies Elijah's origin in Gilead, the rugged Transjordanian highland — fitting backdrop for the wild, abrupt prophet.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source / origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source / origin).
ΘεσβωνTishbeobject of ἐκ (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΘεσβων: transliteration of Hebrew תִּשְׁבֵּה; the otherwise unknown town of Elijah's birth in Gilead; treated as indeclinable in the LXX.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with Γαλααδ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadgenitive of place (indeclinable region name)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: transliteration of Hebrew גִּלְעָד; the highland region east of the Jordan; indeclinable, here governed by the genitive article τῆς ('of Gilead').
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΑχααβAhabobject of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχααβ: transliteration of Hebrew אַחְאָב; king of Israel (Northern Kingdom), husband of Jezebel and patron of Baal-worship (16:31–33); indeclinable; he is the antagonist of the entire Elijah cycle.
ζῇlivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb of oath-formula→ gnomic/asseverative present (oath: 'as surely as the LORD lives')ζάω: 'live / be alive'; ζῇ κύριος renders the Hebrew oath formula חַי־יְהוָה ('as YHWH lives'), the most solemn form of asseveration; by swearing on the life of the living God, Elijah stakes the truth of his drought-pronouncement on YHWH's own existence — implicitly against the dead Baal.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ζῇ (oath)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine name as subject of the oath grounds the whole pronouncement; the titles that follow (God of hosts, God of Israel) heighten the contrast with the impotent Baal of Ahab's court.
theNominativearticle (with appositive θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativeappositive to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; in apposition to κύριος, defining the LORD as 'the God of hosts.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with δυνάμεων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνof hosts / of powersGenitivegenitive (descriptive: 'God of hosts')→ relational specificationδύναμις (pl. δυνάμεων): 'power / host / army'; ὁ θεὸς τῶν δυνάμεων renders יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת ('LORD, God of hosts'), the LXX rendering 'hosts' (צְבָאוֹת) with the term for armed powers; it depicts YHWH as commander of the heavenly and earthly armies — the one with real power over the elements Baal claims to govern.
theNominativearticle (with second appositive θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativeappositive to κύριος (second title)→ participant prominenceθεός: the second title 'the God of Israel' identifies the covenant God of the nation that Ahab is leading into apostasy; the double θεός heightens the polemic against Baal-worship.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'God of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; here the covenant people whose God is being vindicated against the Baalism of Ahab and Jezebel.
before whomDativerelative pronoun (dative with παρέστην)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. ᾧ): relative pronoun; ᾧ παρέστην ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ('before whom I stand') is the courtier-idiom for being in attendant service; Elijah presents himself as YHWH's standing servant, an idiom Gabriel echoes at Luke 1:19 (ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ).
παρέστηνI stand / I have taken my standAor Act Indic 1 Sg · παρίστημιverb of relative clause (Elijah's standing service)→ perfective aorist (a settled, abiding stance)παρίστημι: 'stand beside / present oneself / serve in attendance'; the aorist παρέστην describes Elijah's having taken his stand as YHWH's servant; the idiom 'to stand before' denotes a courtier or minister in the presence of a king — here the heavenly King.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (presence)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; reinforces the courtier-imagery of attendant service to YHWH.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐνώπιον.
εἰ(surely not)particle introducing oath-apodosis (Hebraism: emphatic negative)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: in an oath, εἰ followed by a positive verb renders the Hebrew אִם construction (חַי־יְהוָה אִם …), an elliptical self-imprecation that functions as an emphatic negation: 'as the LORD lives, [may such befall me] if there shall be …' = 'there shall surely not be.'
ἔσταιthere shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of oath-clause→ predictive future (under oath: emphatic denial)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be / exist'; within the oath-construction the future is emphatically negated — 'there shall be no dew or rain'; the prophetic word, not the storm-god Baal, controls the heavens.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔτη, accusative of duration)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of duration ('during these years')→ object specificationἔτος (pl. ἔτη): 'year'; the accusative of extent of time τὰ ἔτη ταῦτα specifies the duration of the drought; Luke 4:25 and Jas 5:17 reckon it three years and six months.
ταῦταtheseAccusativedemonstrative (modifying ἔτη)→ object specificationοὗτος (acc. pl. n. ταῦτα): 'these'; the deictic frames the coming drought-years as a defined period under the prophet's word.
δρόσοςdewNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceδρόσος: 'dew'; renders טַל; in the rainless Palestinian summer dew was the essential moisture for crops — its withdrawal alongside rain (ὑετός) means total agricultural death, the absolute drought.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑετὸςrainNominativesubject of ἔσται (coordinate with δρόσος)→ participant prominenceὑετός: 'rain'; renders מָטָר; the pairing 'dew and rain' covers every form of life-giving precipitation; ὑετός recurs as the keyword of the cycle (vv. 7, 14; 18:1, 41–45) when the LORD finally sends rain.
ὅτιfor / thatconjunction (introducing the limiting exception)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: here introduces the qualification to the oath, leading into the exception εἰ μὴ ('except').
εἰexceptparticle (with μή forming the exceptive 'except')→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ (with μή): the combination εἰ μή functions as 'except / unless'; here it limits the drought's reversal solely to Elijah's authoritative word.
μὴnotnegative particle (with εἰ: 'except')→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthrough / bypreposition + genitive (means / agency)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: 'through / by means of'; identifies the prophetic word as the sole channel by which the rain will return.
στόματοςmouthGenitivegenitive object of διά (means)→ relational specificationστόμα: 'mouth'; διὰ στόματος λόγου μου ('by the mouth of my word') is a Hebraic doubling (פִי־דְבָרִי) stressing the spoken, authoritative word; the rain returns only when the prophet speaks — divine power mediated through human utterance.
λόγουwordGenitivegenitive (epexegetical with στόματος)→ relational specificationλόγος: 'word / utterance'; the prophet's λόγος is effective because it is YHWH's word in his mouth (cf. v. 24, ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐν στόματί σου); this is the premise James draws on at Jas 5:17–18.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with λόγου)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with λόγου).
2

καὶ ἐγένετο ῥῆμα κυρίου πρὸς Ηλιου

And the word of the LORD came to Elijah,

Prophetic word-event formula (main narrative transition)καὶ ἐγένετο ῥῆμα κυρίου
The formula καὶ ἐγένετο ῥῆμα κυρίου πρός … ('the word of the LORD came to') renders וַיְהִי דְבַר־יְהוָה אֶל, the standard introduction to a divine oracle to a prophet; it recurs verbatim at v. 8, structurally marking the two stages (Cherith, Sarepta) of Elijah's provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοcame / happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (word-event formula)→ constative aorist (a word-event)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'become / come to be / happen'; ἐγένετο ῥῆμα κυρίου renders the Hebrew וַיְהִי דְבַר־יְהוָה; the 'word' is conceived as an event that 'comes to be' and reaches the prophet — divine speech as a dynamic, arriving reality.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / utterance / matter'; renders דָּבָר; in the prophetic formula ῥῆμα κυρίου designates the specific oracle now to be given (the command to go to Cherith).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source ('word of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive marks YHWH as the source of the prophetic word that directs Elijah's movements.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΗλιουElijahobject of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun).
3

πορεύου ἐντεῦθεν κατὰ ἀνατολὰς καὶ κρύβηθι ἐν τῷ χειμάρρῳ Χορραθ τοῦ ἐπὶ προσώπου τοῦ Ιορδάνου

'Go from here eastward and hide yourself at the Wadi Cherith, which is opposite the Jordan.'

Content of the oracle: command to withdraw (subordinate to v. 2)πορεύου ἐντεῦθεν
The oracle's content: two coordinated imperatives (πορεύου … κρύβηθι, 'go … hide') send Elijah into concealment at a Transjordanian wadi, away from Ahab's reach during the drought. The withdrawal is both protective and providential — the place of hiding becomes the place of miraculous feeding.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πορεύουgoPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (divine imperative)→ present imperative (set out and proceed)πορεύομαι: 'go / travel / proceed'; renders הָלַךְ; the present imperative initiates the journey; πορεύου recurs in the Sarepta oracle (v. 9), structurally linking the two provision-narratives.
ἐντεῦθενfrom hereadverb of place (source)→ clausal contributionἐντεῦθεν: 'from here / hence'; the deictic adverb marks departure from the scene of the confrontation with Ahab.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'toward / in the direction of'; κατὰ ἀνατολάς = 'eastward.'
ἀνατολὰςthe eastAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (direction)→ object specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολάς): 'rising (of the sun) / east'; renders קֶדֶם / מִזְרָח; here the eastward direction toward the Jordan and Gilead, Elijah's home territory.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking imperatives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρύβηθιhide yourselfAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · κρύπτωmain verb (second divine imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperative (go into hiding)κρύπτω (aor. pass. impv. κρύβηθι): 'hide / conceal'; the passive-reflexive 'hide yourself' renders the Niphal הִסָּתֵר; concealment protects Elijah from Ahab and Jezebel during the drought and sets the stage for the raven-provision.
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῷtheDativearticle (with χειμάρρῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρῳwadi / torrentDativedative of place (location of hiding)→ sphere or referenceχείμαρρος: 'wadi / winter-torrent'; renders נַחַל; a seasonal stream-bed that flows in the rains and dries in summer — its drying (v. 7) is exactly what the drought guarantees, advancing the plot.
ΧορραθCherithappositive to χειμάρρῳ (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΧορραθ: transliteration of Hebrew כְּרִית; the wadi where Elijah is hidden and fed by ravens; indeclinable; its location east of the Jordan ('opposite the Jordan') keeps him beyond Ahab's reach.
τοῦwhich (is)Genitivearticle (substantizing the locative phrase, agreeing with χειμάρρου)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (gen. τοῦ): the article here functions relatively ('the one that is'), introducing the locating phrase ἐπὶ προσώπου τοῦ Ιορδάνου.
ἐπὶupon / facingpreposition + genitive (with προσώπου: 'in front of')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (with προσώπου: 'in front of').
προσώπουfaceGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (idiomatic: 'opposite')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front / surface'; ἐπὶ προσώπου τοῦ Ιορδάνου ('on the face of the Jordan') is a Hebraism (עַל־פְּנֵי) meaning 'facing / east of the Jordan'; the same idiom recurs at v. 5.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive (with προσώπου: 'face of the Jordan')→ relational specificationΙορδάνης (gen. Ιορδάνου): the Jordan river; renders יַרְדֵּן; declined as a first-declension masculine in the LXX; the river marks the boundary of Elijah's place of hiding in the eastern wilderness.
4

καὶ ἔσται ἐκ τοῦ χειμάρρου πίεσαι ὕδωρ καὶ τοῖς κόραξιν ἐντελοῦμαι διατρέφειν σε ἐκεῖ

'And it shall be that you will drink from the wadi, and I have commanded the ravens to feed you there.'

Continuation of oracle: provision promised (subordinate to v. 2)καὶ ἔσται
The oracle's promise of sustenance: water from the wadi and food from the ravens. καὶ ἔσται ('and it shall be') is a Hebraic future-introductory formula (וְהָיָה). The first-person ἐντελοῦμαι ('I will command / have commanded the ravens') makes YHWH the direct orchestrator of the miraculous provision through unclean scavenger birds.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (Hebraic future-introductory formula)→ predictive future (announcing what will happen)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): καὶ ἔσται renders the Hebrew וְהָיָה, a stereotyped formula introducing a future state of affairs; it frames the provision-promise that follows.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with χειμάρρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουwadiGenitivegenitive of source (with πίεσαι: 'drink from the wadi')→ relational specificationχείμαρρος (gen. χειμάρρου): the winter-torrent of Cherith; its water supplies Elijah until the drought dries it up (v. 7).
πίεσαιyou will drinkFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · πίνωcomplementary/main verb (what 'shall be')→ predictive future (assured provision of water)πίνω (fut. mid. πίεσαι): 'drink'; the deponent-type future 2 sg.; the verb πίνω recurs of Elijah's drinking at the wadi (v. 6, ἔπινεν), framing the raven-provision.
ὕδωρwaterAccusativedirect object of πίεσαι→ object specificationὕδωρ: 'water'; renders מַיִם; in a drought-narrative water is the scarcest commodity — its miraculous provision (here, later through the widow's request, v. 10) is a recurring theme.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with κόραξιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόραξινravensDativedative object of ἐντελοῦμαι ('command the ravens')→ sphere or referenceκόραξ (dat. pl. κόραξιν): 'raven'; renders עֹרֵב; ravens were ritually unclean (Lev 11:15) and proverbial scavengers, yet YHWH commandeers them as Elijah's caterers — divine provision through the most unlikely agents (cf. Luke 12:24, God feeds the ravens).
ἐντελοῦμαιI have commandedFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (divine first-person decree)→ future of decree (an effected divine command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / give orders / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the first-person future has the force of an authoritative decree already in effect; the same root recurs in the Sarepta oracle (v. 9, ἐντέταλμαι), pairing the two provisions as commanded by YHWH.
διατρέφεινto feed / sustainPres Act Inf · διατρέφωcomplementary infinitive (content of the command)→ verbal action or stateδιατρέφω: 'nourish / sustain / feed continually'; the prefix δια- conveys feeding through a period of time; the same verb recurs of the widow's commission (v. 9), unifying the two episodes of sustenance during the drought.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative object of διατρέφειν→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of διατρέφειν.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (at the wadi)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; locates the provision precisely at the wadi of hiding; recurs at v. 9 ('there' at Sarepta), again linking the two feeding-sites.
5

καὶ ἐποίησεν Ηλιου κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐν τῷ χειμάρρῳ Χορραθ ἐπὶ προσώπου τοῦ Ιορδάνου

And Elijah did according to the word of the LORD, and he settled at the Wadi Cherith, opposite the Jordan.

Obedience-report (main narrative: execution of the command)καὶ ἐποίησεν Ηλιου
The obedience-formula κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('according to the word of the LORD') reports Elijah's exact compliance, echoing the command's wording (χειμάρρῳ Χορραθ … ἐπὶ προσώπου τοῦ Ιορδάνου). Prophetic obedience is narrated tersely, the action mirroring the oracle word for word — a hallmark of the LXX's command-fulfilment pattern.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (obedience-report)→ constative aorist (completed compliance)ποιέω: 'do / make'; ἐποίησεν κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου is the LXX's standard obedience-formula (cf. v. 15 of the widow); it underscores that Elijah's action exactly matches the divine command.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard / norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου expresses conformity to the divine word.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / command'; renders דָּבָר; here the specific oracle of vv. 3–4 that Elijah now carries out.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source ('word of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive marks the word as YHWH's, the norm of Elijah's obedience.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάθισενsettled / took up residenceAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καθίζωmain verb (taking up residence)→ ingressive aorist (settled down to stay)καθίζω: 'sit / settle / take up residence'; here intransitive 'settled / stationed himself'; renders יָשַׁב; Elijah's dwelling at the wadi is presented as a settled abode for the duration of the first provision.
ἐνatpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῷtheDativearticle (with χειμάρρῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρῳwadiDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceχείμαρρος: the winter-torrent of Cherith; the repetition from v. 3 marks exact fulfilment of the command.
ΧορραθCherithappositive to χειμάρρῳ (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΧορραθ: transliteration of Hebrew כְּרִית; see v. 3.
ἐπὶfacingpreposition + genitive (with προσώπου: 'opposite')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'facing'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (with προσώπου: 'opposite').
προσώπουfaceGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (idiomatic: 'opposite')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; ἐπὶ προσώπου τοῦ Ιορδάνου ('facing the Jordan'), Hebraism עַל־פְּנֵי; repeats the locator of v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive (with προσώπου)→ relational specificationΙορδάνης (gen. Ιορδάνου): the Jordan river; see v. 3.
6

καὶ οἱ κόρακες ἔφερον αὐτῷ ἄρτους τὸ πρωὶ καὶ κρέα τὸ δείλης καὶ ἐκ τοῦ χειμάρρου ἔπινεν ὕδωρ

And the ravens were bringing him bread in the morning and meat in the evening, and from the wadi he was drinking water.

Provision-report: the miracle enacted (main narrative)καὶ οἱ κόρακες ἔφερον
The imperfects ἔφερον ('were bringing') and ἔπινεν ('was drinking') depict the sustained, repeated provision over the period of hiding. The twice-daily delivery (morning bread, evening meat) is patterned on regular mealtimes; the unclean ravens become reliable providers, dramatizing YHWH's sovereignty over creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with κόρακες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόρακεςravensNominativesubject of ἔφερον→ participant prominenceκόραξ (pl. κόρακες): 'raven'; the commanded providers of v. 4 now enact the command; ritually unclean scavengers serving as the prophet's purveyors heighten the wonder of YHWH's provision.
ἔφερονwere bringingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (iterative provision)→ iterative/customary imperfect (repeated daily action)φέρω: 'bring / carry'; the imperfect ἔφερον depicts the ongoing, day-by-day delivery of food throughout Elijah's stay at the wadi.
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object (dative of recipient)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as indirect object (dative of recipient).
ἄρτουςloaves / breadAccusativedirect object of ἔφερον (morning provision)→ object specificationἄρτος (pl. ἄρτους): 'bread / loaf'; renders לֶחֶם; the morning ration of staple bread, paired with evening meat.
τὸin theAccusativearticle (adverbial accusative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶmorningadverb of time (with article: 'in the morning')→ clausal contributionπρωΐ: 'early / in the morning'; indeclinable adverb substantivized by the neuter article τὸ πρωΐ ('in the morning'); renders בַּבֹּקֶר; marks the first of the twice-daily deliveries.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρέαmeat / fleshAccusativedirect object of ἔφερον (evening provision)→ object specificationκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'meat / flesh'; renders בָּשָׂר; the evening ration; the pairing 'bread … and meat' provides a complete, sustaining diet — abundant fare in a time of famine.
τὸin theAccusativearticle (adverbial: 'at evening')→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δείληςeveningGenitivegenitive of time (with τὸ: 'at evening')→ relational specificationδείλη (gen. δείλης): 'afternoon / evening'; the genitive of time τὸ δείλης ('toward evening') renders בָּעֶרֶב; the evening delivery complements the morning bread.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with χειμάρρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουwadiGenitivegenitive of source (with ἔπινεν)→ relational specificationχείμαρρος (gen. χειμάρρου): the torrent of Cherith, Elijah's water supply (per the promise of v. 4).
ἔπινενwas drinkingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · πίνωmain verb (habitual drinking)→ customary imperfect (ongoing daily drinking)πίνω: 'drink'; the imperfect ἔπινεν parallels ἔφερον, depicting the sustained provision of water until the wadi dries (v. 7).
ὕδωρwaterAccusativedirect object of ἔπινεν→ object specificationὕδωρ: 'water'; the wadi's water, soon to fail in the drought.
7

καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ἡμέρας καὶ ἐξηράνθη ὁ χειμάρρους ὅτι οὐκ ἐγένετο ὑετὸς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς

And it happened after some days that the wadi dried up, because there had been no rain upon the land.

Temporal transition: the wadi fails (main narrative; turning point to Sarepta)καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ἡμέρας
The temporal formula καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ἡμέρας … καὶ ('and it happened after some days that …') is a Hebraism (וַיְהִי … וַ). The drying of the wadi — caused by the very drought Elijah pronounced (ὅτι οὐκ ἐγένετο ὑετός) — is the narrative hinge that drives him from Cherith to Sarepta.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal-transition formula)→ constative aorist (narrative event)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): the impersonal καὶ ἐγένετο renders וַיְהִי, a standard LXX temporal-transition opener marking a new narrative phase.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative object of μετά ('after [some] days')→ object specificationἡμέρα (pl. ἡμέρας): 'day'; μετὰ ἡμέρας ('after [some] days') renders מִקֵּץ יָמִים, an indefinite lapse of time advancing the narrative.
καὶ(that)apodotic καί (Hebraism: introduces the main clause after the temporal phrase)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the apodotic καί after καὶ ἐγένετο renders the Hebrew waw introducing the apodosis; left untranslated or rendered 'that' in English.
ἐξηράνθηdried upAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ξηραίνωmain verb (the wadi's failure)→ constative aorist (completed drying)ξηραίνω (aor. pass. ἐξηράνθη): 'dry up / wither'; renders יָבֵשׁ; the passive depicts the wadi being dried by the drought; the failure of Elijah's water source is the providential trigger for the move to Sarepta.
theNominativearticle (with χειμάρρους)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουςwadiNominativesubject of ἐξηράνθη→ participant prominenceχείμαρρος (nom. χειμάρρους): the winter-torrent of Cherith; once Elijah's water supply, now dry — a seasonal stream-bed has no flow without rain.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the cause of the drying — the drought Elijah himself announced (v. 1).
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοhad been / cameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (absence of rain)γίνομαι: 'come to be / occur'; οὐκ ἐγένετο ὑετός ('there had been no rain') confirms the fulfilment of Elijah's drought-oath; the prophetic word has taken effect over the land.
ὑετὸςrainNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceὑετός: 'rain'; renders מָטָר/גֶּשֶׁם; the keyword of the drought-cycle; its absence here is the visible proof of Elijah's word from v. 1.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςland / earthGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; the whole land suffers the drought, the regional famine that will soon afflict the widow of Sarepta as well.
8

καὶ ἐγένετο ῥῆμα κυρίου πρὸς Ηλιου

And the word of the LORD came to Elijah,

Prophetic word-event formula (main narrative transition to the Sarepta episode)καὶ ἐγένετο ῥῆμα κυρίου
The word-event formula recurs verbatim from v. 2, structurally opening the second provision-narrative (the widow of Sarepta) just as v. 2 opened the first (the ravens at Cherith). The repetition signals the parallel design of the two miracles of sustenance.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (word-event formula)→ constative aorist (a word-event)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): ἐγένετο ῥῆμα κυρίου renders וַיְהִי דְבַר־יְהוָה; the divine word again 'comes to be' and reaches the prophet, initiating the next stage.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / oracle'; renders דָּבָר; the specific command now sending Elijah to Sarepta.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; YHWH is the source of the directing word.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΗλιουElijahobject of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun).
9

ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου εἰς Σαρεπτα τῆς Σιδωνίας ἰδοὺ ἐντέταλμαι ἐκεῖ γυναικὶ χήρᾳ τοῦ διατρέφειν σε

'Arise and go to Sarepta of Sidon, and behold, I have commanded a widow woman there to feed you.'

Content of the oracle: command to go to Sarepta (subordinate to v. 8)ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου
The paired imperatives ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου ('arise and go') are a Hebraic idiom (קוּם לֵךְ) for setting out on a commission. The destination is pagan Phoenician territory — Sarepta of Sidon, Jezebel's homeland — and the appointed provider is a Gentile widow, the very feature Jesus highlights at Luke 4:25–26.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀνάστηθιariseAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (divine imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperative (get up and set out)ἀνίστημι (aor. act. impv. ἀνάστηθι): 'rise / stand up'; renders קוּם; the pairing ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου is a stock idiom of commissioning, summoning the prophet to immediate action.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking imperatives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύουgoPres Mid Impv 2 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (second imperative)→ present imperative (proceed on the journey)πορεύομαι: 'go / travel'; renders הָלַךְ; echoes πορεύου of v. 3, marking the parallel commissioning of the two provision-episodes.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΣαρεπταSareptaobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣαρεπτα: transliteration of Hebrew צָרְפַת; a Phoenician coastal town between Tyre and Sidon; indeclinable; Jesus names it (Σάρεπτα τῆς Σιδωνίας) at Luke 4:26 as the place to which Elijah was sent past all Israel's widows.
τῆςofGenitivearticle (with Σιδωνίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Σιδωνίαςof Sidon / SidonianGenitivegenitive (locating Σαρεπτα: 'belonging to Sidon')→ relational specificationΣιδωνία: 'Sidonian (region) / of Sidon'; renders לְצִידוֹן; the territory of Sidon, heartland of Phoenician Baal-worship and Jezebel's homeland (16:31); that YHWH provides for and through a Sidonian widow is pointed irony in the Baal-contest narrative.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (drawing attention)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; a presentative interjection introducing the surprising provision — a Gentile widow already commissioned to feed the prophet.
ἐντέταλμαιI have commandedPerf Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (divine decree, perfect aspect)→ perfect of standing decree (a command already in force)ἐντέλλομαι (perf. ἐντέταλμαι): 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the perfect indicates a command already given and abidingly in effect — YHWH has already disposed the widow before Elijah arrives; cf. the same root at v. 4 (ἐντελοῦμαι, the ravens).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (at Sarepta)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; locates the provision at Sarepta, paralleling ἐκεῖ of v. 4 (at the wadi).
γυναικὶto a womanDativedative (recipient of the command: 'I have commanded a woman')→ sphere or referenceγυνή (dat. γυναικί): 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; the appointed provider — strikingly, a poor Gentile woman rather than an Israelite of means.
χήρᾳa widowDativedative in apposition / attributive to γυναικί→ sphere or referenceχήρα: 'widow'; renders אַלְמָנָה; a widow was among the most economically vulnerable in the ancient world — that she is to feed the prophet is itself the miracle; χήρα is the keyword of the Luke 4:25–26 citation and of the whole Sarepta episode (vv. 10, 20).
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (gen. τοῦ): the genitive article with the infinitive (τοῦ διατρέφειν) forms a purpose/result construction ('in order to feed'), a frequent LXX Hebraism rendering לְ + infinitive.
διατρέφεινto feed / sustainPres Act Inf · διατρέφωarticular infinitive of purpose→ verbal action or stateδιατρέφω: 'nourish / sustain'; the same verb as v. 4 (the ravens), binding the two provisions: as the ravens, so the widow, is commanded διατρέφειν Elijah.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative object of διατρέφειν→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of διατρέφειν.
10

καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἐπορεύθη εἰς Σαρεπτα εἰς τὸν πυλῶνα τῆς πόλεως καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐκεῖ γυνὴ χήρα συνέλεγεν ξύλα καὶ ἐβόησεν ὀπίσω αὐτῆς Ηλιου καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ λαβὲ δή μοι ὀλίγον ὕδωρ εἰς ἄγγος καὶ πίομαι

And he arose and went to Sarepta, to the gateway of the city, and behold, there a widow woman was gathering sticks; and Elijah called out after her and said to her, 'Bring me, please, a little water in a vessel, that I may drink.'

Obedience and arrival, with first request (main narrative)καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἐπορεύθη
Elijah's obedience (ἀνέστη … ἐπορεύθη) exactly fulfils the command (ἀνάστηθι … πορεύου, v. 9). The presentative καὶ ἰδού introduces the widow precisely where commanded, gathering sticks for what she expects to be her last meal (v. 12). Elijah's first request, for water (cf. John 4:7), is a modest courtesy that prefaces the testing request for bread (v. 11).
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηhe aroseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (obedience to command)→ ingressive aorist (set out)ἀνίστημι (aor. ἀνέστη): 'rise / set out'; fulfils the imperative ἀνάστηθι of v. 9; the obedience is reported in the same verbs as the command.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (journey)→ constative aorist (completed journey)πορεύομαι (aor. pass. ἐπορεύθη): 'go / travel'; fulfils πορεύου of v. 9; the deponent passive aorist is the normal LXX form for 'went.'
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΣαρεπταSareptaobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣαρεπτα: see v. 9; the destination is reached exactly as commanded.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (more precise location)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (more precise location).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with πυλῶνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλῶναgatewayAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (precise location)→ object specificationπυλών: 'gateway / city gate'; renders שַׁעַר/פֶּתַח; the city gate was the public gathering and gleaning area; there Elijah meets the widow, a natural place to find someone gathering firewood.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with πόλεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive (with πυλῶνα: 'gate of the city')→ relational specificationπόλις (gen. πόλεως): 'city'; renders עִיר; here Sarepta, the Phoenician town.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה; introduces the widow, found exactly where YHWH had foretold.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; at the city gate, fulfilling the ἐκεῖ of the command (v. 9).
γυνὴa womanNominativesubject of συνέλεγεν→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; the appointed provider of v. 9, now seen in person.
χήραwidowNominativeattributive/appositive to γυνή→ participant prominenceχήρα: 'widow'; the keyword of the episode (cf. v. 9); her widowhood underscores both her poverty and the wonder that she should sustain the prophet.
συνέλεγενwas gatheringImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · συλλέγωmain verb (descriptive imperfect)→ descriptive imperfect (action in progress at Elijah's arrival)συλλέγω: 'gather / collect'; renders קָשַׁשׁ; the imperfect sets the scene — she is in the act of gathering sticks (cf. v. 12) for what she means to be her last meal.
ξύλαsticks / woodAccusativedirect object of συνέλεγεν→ object specificationξύλον (pl. ξύλα): 'wood / stick'; renders עֵצִים; firewood for baking the last cake — a poignant detail of her destitution.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησενcalled outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βοάωmain verb (Elijah's call)→ constative aorist (a single call)βοάω: 'call out / cry'; renders קָרָא; Elijah hails the widow from behind; the same verb recurs at v. 11.
ὀπίσωafterpreposition + genitive (spatial: 'after / behind her')→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: 'behind / after'; renders אַחֲרֵי; Elijah calls after her as she goes.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive object of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ὀπίσω.
ΗλιουElijahsubject of ἐβόησεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐβόησεν (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces Elijah's request for water.
αὐτῇto herDativeindirect object (dative)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as indirect object (dative).
λαβὲbring / takeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (polite imperative request)→ aorist imperative (request for a single act)λαμβάνω (aor. impv. λαβέ): 'take / get / fetch'; here 'fetch / bring'; renders לָקַח; softened by δή ('please'); the modest request for water tests the widow's hospitality before the larger request for bread.
δήplease / nowentreaty particle (softening the imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: enclitic particle of entreaty / urgency; renders the Hebrew נָא; softens the imperative to a polite request ('please').
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ὀλίγονa littleAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὕδωρ)→ object specificationὀλίγος: 'little / small'; renders מְעַט; the request is deliberately modest — only a little water — fitting the famine.
ὕδωρwaterAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationὕδωρ: 'water'; even water is scarce in the drought, making the request a real imposition.
εἰςin / intopreposition + accusative (container)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (container).
ἄγγοςvesselAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (container)→ object specificationἄγγος: 'vessel / jar / pail'; renders כְּלִי; a small container for carrying water.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (purpose / result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίομαιthat I may drinkFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · πίνωmain verb (coordinate future expressing purpose)→ future of intended result ('so that I will drink')πίνω (fut. mid. πίομαι): 'drink'; the future coordinated with the imperative expresses the purpose of the request — to satisfy the prophet's thirst.
11

καὶ ἐπορεύθη λαβεῖν καὶ ἐβόησεν ὀπίσω αὐτῆς Ηλιου καὶ εἶπεν λήμψῃ δή μοι ψωμὸν ἄρτου ἐν τῇ χειρί σου

And she went to bring it; and Elijah called out after her and said, 'Bring me, please, a morsel of bread in your hand.'

The second, testing request (main narrative)καὶ ἐπορεύθη λαβεῖν
The widow's immediate compliance with the water-request (ἐπορεύθη λαβεῖν) prompts Elijah's bolder petition. The future λήμψῃ ('you shall bring') functions as a courteous imperative softened by δή. The request for bread is the real test of faith, since (as v. 12 reveals) she has only enough for one final meal.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηshe wentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (the widow's compliance)→ constative aorist (she set off to fetch the water)πορεύομαι (aor. pass. ἐπορεύθη): 'go'; the widow's prompt obedience to the water-request shows her readiness, setting up the harder request that follows.
λαβεῖνto bring / fetchAor Act Inf · λαμβάνωinfinitive of purpose (with ἐπορεύθη)→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω (aor. inf. λαβεῖν): 'take / fetch'; the purpose-infinitive ('went to fetch [the water]'); same verb as the imperative λαβέ in v. 10.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησενcalled outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βοάωmain verb (Elijah's second call)→ constative aoristβοάω: 'call out'; repeats the call of v. 10, now for bread; the repetition heightens the escalation of the request.
ὀπίσωafterpreposition + genitive (spatial)→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: 'after / behind'; renders אַחֲרֵי; as in v. 10.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive object of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ὀπίσω.
ΗλιουElijahsubject of ἐβόησεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐβόησεν (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the request for bread.
λήμψῃbring / you shall fetchFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (future as polite imperative)→ imperatival future (courteous command)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψῃ): 'take / fetch'; the future used as a softened imperative ('would you bring …'), reinforced by δή; renders the Hebrew imperative + נָא; the request now escalates from water to bread.
δήpleaseentreaty particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: particle of entreaty; renders נָא; politely softens the request.
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ψωμὸνmorselAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ→ object specificationψωμός: 'morsel / bit / mouthful'; renders פַּת; a small piece of bread — the modest scale of the request makes the widow's objection in v. 12 all the more poignant: even a morsel is beyond her means.
ἄρτουof breadGenitivegenitive (with ψωμόν: 'morsel of bread')→ relational specificationἄρτος (gen. ἄρτου): 'bread'; renders לֶחֶם; the partitive/material genitive specifies the morsel as of bread.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (instrument / location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrument / location).
τῇthe / yourDativearticle (with χειρί)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρίhandDativedative of place (in the hand)→ sphere or referenceχείρ (dat. χειρί): 'hand'; ἐν τῇ χειρί σου ('in your hand') is a Hebraism (בְּיָדֵךְ) meaning 'bring it with you'; cf. the same phrase at v. 16 (ἐν χειρὶ Ηλιου).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with χειρί)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with χειρί).
12

καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή ζῇ κύριος ὁ θεός σου εἰ ἔστιν μοι ἐγκρυφίας ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ὅσον δρὰξ ἀλεύρου ἐν τῇ ὑδρίᾳ καὶ ὀλίγον ἔλαιον ἐν τῷ καψάκῃ καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ συλλέγω δύο ξυλάρια καὶ εἰσελεύσομαι καὶ ποιήσω αὐτὸ ἐμαυτῇ καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις μου καὶ φαγόμεθα καὶ ἀποθανούμεθα

And the woman said, 'As the LORD your God lives, I have no baked cake, but only as much as a handful of meal in the jar and a little oil in the cruse; and behold, I am gathering two sticks, and I will go in and prepare it for myself and my children, and we will eat it and die.'

The widow's oath of destitution (direct speech within the narrative)καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή · ζῇ κύριος
Remarkably, the Phoenician widow swears by ζῇ κύριος ὁ θεός σου ('as the LORD your God lives') — Elijah's God, not Baal — a tacit acknowledgment of YHWH that frames the whole episode. The elliptical εἰ ἔστιν ('[may evil befall me] if I have …') is again the oath-construction for emphatic denial: she has no baked food, only a last handful of meal and a little oil for a final meal before starvation (φαγόμεθα καὶ ἀποθανούμεθα).
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the widow's reply, her oath of destitution.
theNominativearticle (with γυνή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνήwomanNominativesubject of εἶπεν→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; the widow of Sarepta.
ζῇlivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb of oath-formula→ asseverative present (oath)ζάω: 'live'; ζῇ κύριος ('as the LORD lives'), the same oath-formula Elijah used in v. 1 (חַי־יְהוָה); striking on the lips of a Gentile, who swears by YHWH, Elijah's God.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ζῇ (oath)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here the divine name even in a Sidonian's mouth — she swears by 'the LORD your God,' acknowledging Elijah's deity as the living one.
theNominativearticle (with appositive θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativeappositive to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; ὁ θεός σου ('your God') marks the widow's recognition of YHWH as Elijah's God — a Phoenician's deference to the prophet's deity.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with θεός)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with θεός).
εἰ(surely not)particle introducing oath (Hebraism: emphatic negative)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: in the oath-construction εἰ ἔστιν ('if I have …'), the elliptical self-imprecation functions as an emphatic denial: 'I have no [baked food] at all'; cf. v. 1.
ἔστινthere is / I havePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of oath-clause→ asseverative present (within oath: emphatic denial)εἰμί (3 sg. ἔστιν): 'be / exist'; ἔστιν μοι ('there is to me' = 'I have'), a possessive dative idiom; within the oath the existence is denied — she has no ready bread.
μοιto me / I haveDativedative of possession (with ἔστιν)→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (with ἔστιν).
ἐγκρυφίαςbaked cakeNominativesubject of ἔστιν (what she lacks)→ participant prominenceἐγκρυφίας: 'cake baked in the ashes / hearth-cake'; renders מַעוֹג; a flat loaf baked under hot embers; she has no such ready food — only raw ingredients for one final batch (cf. ἐγκρυφίαν, v. 13).
ἀλλ᾿butadversative conjunction (with ἤ: 'but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but'; ἀλλ᾿ ἤ ('but rather / except only') introduces the sole exception to her destitution — a bare handful of meal.
than / onlyparticle (with ἀλλά: 'except only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'than / or'; in the combination ἀλλ᾿ ἤ it forms the exceptive 'except / but only,' limiting what she has to the handful of meal.
ὅσονas much asNominativecorrelative adjective (extent: 'as much as')→ participant prominenceὅσος (n. ὅσον): 'as much/many as'; here 'about as much as,' quantifying the meager supply — only a handful's worth.
δρὰξa handfulNominativepredicate (the measure of the meal)→ participant prominenceδράξ: 'handful / fistful'; renders מְלֹא כַף ('a handful'); the smallest practical measure of flour — barely enough for one small cake; the keyword of the widow's poverty.
ἀλεύρουof meal / flourGenitivepartitive genitive (with δράξ)→ relational specificationἄλευρον (gen. ἀλεύρου): 'wheat-flour / meal'; renders קֶמַח; the staple that, by the prophetic word, will not give out (vv. 14, 16).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῇtheDativearticle (with ὑδρίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑδρίᾳjarDativedative of place (container of the meal)→ sphere or referenceὑδρία: 'jar / pitcher'; renders כַּד; the meal-jar that will not be emptied (vv. 14, 16); though etymologically a water-jar, here it holds flour.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλίγονa littleNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔλαιον)→ participant prominenceὀλίγος: 'little'; renders מְעַט; the scant oil that, like the meal, will not fail.
ἔλαιονoilNominativesubject (predicate of implied 'there is')→ participant prominenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; essential for baking; with the meal it forms the inexhaustible pair of the miracle (vv. 14, 16).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῷtheDativearticle (with καψάκῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καψάκῃcruse / flaskDativedative of place (container of the oil)→ sphere or referenceκαψάκης: 'cruse / small oil-flask / jug'; renders צַפַּחַת; the oil-flask that will not run dry (vv. 14, 16); a rare term, paired throughout with the ὑδρία.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה; she points to her present activity — gathering sticks for the last meal.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I'; stresses her personal plight as she describes her final preparations.
συλλέγωI am gatheringPres Act Indic 1 Sg · συλλέγωmain verb (present action)→ progressive present (action in progress)συλλέγω: 'gather'; echoes συνέλεγεν (v. 10); she is gathering the sticks Elijah saw, for the last baking.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying ξυλάρια)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable numeral; renders שְׁנַיִם; 'two sticks' is a vivid token of utter scarcity — just enough fuel for one small fire.
ξυλάριαlittle sticksAccusativedirect object of συλλέγω→ object specificationξυλάριον (pl. ξυλάρια): 'small stick / twig'; diminutive of ξύλον; the diminutive intensifies the pathos — a mere two twigs for the final meal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελεύσομαιI will go inFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (future action)→ predictive futureεἰσέρχομαι (fut. mid. εἰσελεύσομαι): 'go in / enter'; she will go into her house to bake the last meal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωI will prepare / makeFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (future action)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'make / prepare'; here of preparing food (baking the cake); the same verb recurs in Elijah's instruction (v. 13) and her obedience (v. 15).
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ποιήσω (the meal)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ποιήσω (the meal).
ἐμαυτῇfor myselfDativereflexive dative of advantage→ sphere or referenceἐμαυτῆς (dat. ἐμαυτῇ): reflexive pronoun 'myself'; she prepares the last meal for herself and her children.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςthe / myDativearticle (with τέκνοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκνοιςchildrenDativedative of advantage (with ἐμαυτῇ)→ sphere or referenceτέκνον (pl. τέκνοις): 'child'; renders בֵּן; her children share the final meal; one of them is the son raised in vv. 17–24.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with τέκνοις)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with τέκνοις).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαγόμεθαwe will eatFut Mid Indic 1 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (future)→ predictive futureἐσθίω (fut. mid. φαγόμεθα): 'eat'; suppletive future from the root φαγ-; the last meal before death.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανούμεθαwe will dieFut Mid Indic 1 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (future: bleak expectation)→ predictive future (resigned expectation of death)ἀποθνῄσκω (fut. mid. ἀποθανούμεθα): 'die'; renders מוּת; her grim conclusion — she expects starvation after this final meal; the despair makes the ensuing miracle (vv. 14–16) the more striking, and prepares for the death-and-life theme of vv. 17–24.
13

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὴν Ηλιου θάρσει εἴσελθε καὶ ποίησον κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ἀλλὰ ποίησον ἐμοὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐγκρυφίαν μικρὸν ἐν πρώτοις καὶ ἐξοίσεις μοι σαυτῇ δὲ καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις σου ποιήσεις ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτου

And Elijah said to her, 'Take courage, go in and do according to your word; but make me a small cake from it first and bring it out to me, and for yourself and your children you shall make some afterward.'

Elijah's reassurance and counter-instruction (direct speech)θάρσει εἴσελθε καὶ ποίησον
Elijah answers her despair with θάρσει ('take courage') and a chain of imperatives. The counter-intuitive instruction — make my cake first (ἐν πρώτοις), then yours (ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτου) — is a test of faith: she must give from her last food before receiving the promised provision (v. 14). The ordering 'first … last' frames obedient trust as the precondition of the miracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces Elijah's reassuring reply.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
αὐτὴνherAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
θάρσειtake couragePres Act Impv 2 Sg · θαρσέωmain verb (imperative of reassurance)→ present imperative (be of good courage)θαρσέω: 'be of good courage / take heart'; renders אַל־תִּירְאִי ('do not fear') in sense; a standard word of reassurance before a divine intervention (cf. Mark 6:50); Elijah meets her resignation with hope.
εἴσελθεgo inAor Act Impv 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperative (a single act)εἰσέρχομαι (aor. impv. εἴσελθε): 'go in / enter'; she is to go into her house and bake, as she had said she would (v. 12, εἰσελεύσομαι).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησονdo / makeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperativeποιέω (aor. impv. ποίησον): 'do / make'; ποίησον κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ('do as you have said') affirms her plan but then redirects it with ἀλλά.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (norm).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμάwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / saying'; here κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ('according to your word') refers to the widow's stated plan (v. 12) — Elijah grants it but qualifies the order of preparation.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with ῥῆμα)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ῥῆμα).
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction (introducing the qualification)→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but / yet'; introduces the crucial qualification: the prophet's portion comes first.
ποίησονmakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperative: the test of faith)→ aorist imperativeποιέω (aor. impv. ποίησον): the repeated imperative now directs that the first cake be made for Elijah — the demand to give from her last food before any promise is fulfilled.
ἐμοὶfor meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. ἐμοί): emphatic 'for me'; the prophet's portion is to be prepared first.
ἐκεῖθενfrom there / from itadverb (source: 'from there / from that supply')→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: 'thence / from there'; here 'from that [meager supply]' — the cake is to come from the very handful she had reserved for herself.
ἐγκρυφίανa cakeAccusativedirect object of ποίησον→ object specificationἐγκρυφίας (acc. ἐγκρυφίαν): 'hearth-cake baked in ashes'; renders עֻגָה; the same word she used in v. 12; the small cake (μικρόν) is the prophet's requested portion.
μικρὸνsmallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐγκρυφίαν)→ object specificationμικρός: 'small / little'; renders קְטַנָּה; the modesty of the request ('a small cake') reassures that the prophet asks little, yet faith is still tested.
ἐνamong / atpreposition + dative (order: 'first')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (order: 'first').
πρώτοιςfirstDativesubstantivized adjective (temporal order: 'at first')→ sphere or referenceπρῶτος (dat. pl. n. πρώτοις): 'first'; ἐν πρώτοις ('first of all / at the first') sets the order: the prophet's cake before her own; balanced by ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτου ('last') at the verse's end.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξοίσειςyou shall bring outFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐκφέρωmain verb (future as instruction)→ imperatival future (command)ἐκφέρω (fut. ἐξοίσεις): 'bring out / carry forth'; the future as command; she is to bring the prophet's cake out to him.
μοιto meDativeindirect object (dative)→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as indirect object (dative).
σαυτῇfor yourselfDativereflexive dative of advantage→ sphere or referenceσεαυτῆς (dat. σαυτῇ): reflexive 'yourself'; her own portion comes second.
δὲand / butmild adversative (post-positive: contrast 'for yourself, on the other hand')→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle; here marks the shift from the prophet's portion to the widow's own.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςthe / yourDativearticle (with τέκνοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκνοιςchildrenDativedative of advantage (with σαυτῇ)→ sphere or referenceτέκνον (pl. τέκνοις): 'child'; her children, to be provided for after the prophet's portion (cf. v. 12).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with τέκνοις)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with τέκνοις).
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (future as instruction)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. ποιήσεις): 'make'; she shall prepare food for herself and her children afterward — the promise being that the supply will suffice.
ἐπ᾿atpreposition + genitive (order: 'last')→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (order: 'last').
ἐσχάτουlastGenitivesubstantivized adjective (temporal order: 'at the last')→ relational specificationἔσχατος (gen. ἐσχάτου): 'last'; ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτου ('afterward / at the last') balances ἐν πρώτοις; the first/last ordering dramatizes the priority of faith-obedience over self-provision.
14

ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος ἡ ὑδρία τοῦ ἀλεύρου οὐκ ἐκλείψει καὶ ὁ καψάκης τοῦ ἐλαίου οὐκ ἐλαττονήσει ἕως ἡμέρας τοῦ δοῦναι κύριον τὸν ὑετὸν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς

'For thus says the LORD: The jar of meal shall not give out and the cruse of oil shall not diminish until the day the LORD gives rain upon the land.'

Prophetic word grounding the instruction (subordinate to v. 13)ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος
The ground (ὅτι) of the bold instruction is the prophetic messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος ('thus says the LORD', כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה). The promise — jar and cruse will not fail until the LORD sends rain (τοῦ δοῦναι κύριον τὸν ὑετόν) — ties the provision-miracle to the end of the drought, binding this episode to the larger word of v. 1.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὅτιforcausal conjunction (grounding the instruction)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; introduces the reason the widow may obey without fear — the prophetic guarantee that follows.
τάδεthus / these thingsAccusativedemonstrative (object of λέγει: content of the oracle)→ object specificationὅδε (n. pl. τάδε): 'these things'; τάδε λέγει κύριος renders כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה, the standard prophetic messenger-formula; τάδε points forward to the promise.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula (vivid present)→ present of standing authority (the LORD declares)λέγω (pres. λέγει): the present in the citation-formula gives the divine word ongoing authority — 'thus the LORD says.'
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of λέγει (divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD himself guarantees the inexhaustible supply — the miracle rests on his word, not the prophet's.
theNominativearticle (with ὑδρία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑδρίαjarNominativesubject of ἐκλείψει→ participant prominenceὑδρία: 'jar / pitcher'; here the meal-jar (cf. v. 12); the subject of the promise of inexhaustibility.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἀλεύρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλεύρουof mealGenitivegenitive (with ὑδρία: 'jar of meal')→ relational specificationἄλευρον (gen. ἀλεύρου): 'wheat-flour / meal'; the staple that will not run out.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλείψειshall give outFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκλείπωmain verb (promise of inexhaustibility)→ predictive future (assured by divine word)ἐκλείπω (fut. ἐκλείψει): 'fail / give out / be exhausted'; renders כָּלָה; the negated future guarantees the meal will not run out; the fulfilment is reported at v. 16 (οὐκ ἐξέλιπεν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (parallel clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with καψάκης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καψάκηςcruseNominativesubject of ἐλαττονήσει→ participant prominenceκαψάκης: 'cruse / oil-flask'; the oil-flask of v. 12; parallel subject of the second promise.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἐλαίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουof oilGenitivegenitive (with καψάκης: 'cruse of oil')→ relational specificationἔλαιον (gen. ἐλαίου): 'olive oil'; paired with the meal as the inexhaustible provision.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαττονήσειshall diminishFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐλαττονέωmain verb (parallel promise)→ predictive future (assured by divine word)ἐλαττονέω (fut. ἐλαττονήσει): 'lessen / diminish / grow less'; renders חָסֵר; the oil will not decrease; fulfilment at v. 16 (οὐκ ἐλαττονώθη); the verb stem ἐλαττ- ('less') underscores the wonder of a supply that never shrinks.
ἕωςuntilconjunction / preposition (temporal limit)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until'; sets the term of the miracle — until the drought ends.
ἡμέραςthe dayGenitivegenitive of time (with ἕως: 'until the day')→ relational specificationἡμέρα (gen. ἡμέρας): 'day'; ἕως ἡμέρας τοῦ δοῦναι ('until the day of [the LORD's] giving') — a Hebraic temporal construction with the articular infinitive.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive δοῦναι)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (gen. τοῦ): the genitive article governs the infinitive δοῦναι, forming a temporal phrase ('of the giving').
δοῦναιto give / givesAor Act Inf · δίδωμιarticular infinitive (temporal: 'the LORD's giving')→ constative aorist infinitiveδίδωμι (aor. inf. δοῦναι): 'give'; τοῦ δοῦναι κύριον τὸν ὑετόν ('the LORD's giving the rain') — the rain is YHWH's gift, undoing the drought; the accusative κύριον is the subject of the infinitive.
κύριονthe LORDAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive δοῦναι→ object specificationκύριος (acc. κύριον): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD is the giver of rain, asserting his sovereignty over the elements against Baal's claims (cf. 18:1, 41–45).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ὑετόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑετὸνrainAccusativedirect object of δοῦναι→ object specificationὑετός (acc. ὑετόν): 'rain'; the keyword of the cycle (vv. 1, 7); its restoration marks the end of the drought and the term of the miracle of provision.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; the rain falls 'upon the land,' reversing the drought of v. 7.
15

καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἐποίησεν καὶ ἤσθιεν αὐτὴ καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς

And the woman went and did so, and she and he and her children ate.

The widow's obedience and the shared meal (main narrative)καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἐποίησεν
The obedience-report (ἐπορεύθη … ἐποίησεν) mirrors Elijah's command (εἴσελθε … ποίησον, v. 13) and the prophet's own obedience-pattern (v. 5). The imperfect ἤσθιεν ('they kept eating') depicts sustained eating over the famine. The threefold subject — she, he (Elijah), her children — shows the provision feeding the whole household.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (obedience)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι (aor. pass. ἐπορεύθη): 'go'; the widow goes to do as commanded — her faith-obedience enacts the test of v. 13.
theNominativearticle (with γυνή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject of ἐπορεύθη and ἐποίησεν→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; the widow, who obeys despite her desperate circumstances.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdid / madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (obedience)→ constative aorist (completed compliance)ποιέω (aor. ἐποίησεν): 'do / make'; echoes Elijah's ποίησον (v. 13); the terse 'and did' reports her exact obedience — she made the prophet's cake first.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤσθιενate / kept eatingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (durative imperfect)→ iterative/durative imperfect (ongoing eating through the famine)ἐσθίω (impf. ἤσθιεν): 'eat'; the imperfect denotes sustained eating over many days — the household is continually fed; the singular verb agrees with the nearest subject (αὐτή) but governs the compound subject that follows.
αὐτὴsheNominativesubject (first of compound subject)→ participant referenceαὐτός (f. αὐτή): 'she'; the widow herself, first named of the three who eat.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (second of compound subject: Elijah)→ participant prominenceαὐτός: 'he'; Elijah, the prophet now housed and fed by the widow, as the LORD had ordained (v. 9).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with τέκνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenNominativesubject (third of compound subject)→ participant prominenceτέκνον (pl. τέκνα): 'child'; her children also share the sustained provision; cf. vv. 12, 13.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (with τέκνα)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with τέκνα).
16

καὶ ἡ ὑδρία τοῦ ἀλεύρου οὐκ ἐξέλιπεν καὶ ὁ καψάκης τοῦ ἐλαίου οὐκ ἐλαττονώθη κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ὃ ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ Ηλιου

And the jar of meal did not give out and the cruse of oil did not diminish, according to the word of the LORD which he spoke by the hand of Elijah.

Fulfilment-report (main narrative: the miracle confirmed)καὶ ἡ ὑδρία … οὐκ ἐξέλιπεν
The fulfilment exactly answers the promise of v. 14, the aorists οὐκ ἐξέλιπεν / οὐκ ἐλαττονώθη confirming the futures οὐκ ἐκλείψει / οὐκ ἐλαττονήσει. The word-fulfilment formula κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ὃ ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ Ηλιου ('which he spoke by the hand of Elijah') attributes the miracle to YHWH's word mediated through the prophet.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with ὑδρία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑδρίαjarNominativesubject of ἐξέλιπεν→ participant prominenceὑδρία: 'jar'; the meal-jar of vv. 12, 14; its non-failing is now reported as fact.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἀλεύρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλεύρουof mealGenitivegenitive (with ὑδρία)→ relational specificationἄλευρον (gen. ἀλεύρου): 'meal / flour'; the supply that did not run out through the famine.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέλιπενdid not give outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκλείπωmain verb (fulfilment of v. 14a)→ constative aorist (the miracle realized)ἐκλείπω (aor. ἐξέλιπεν): 'fail / give out'; the aorist confirms the future ἐκλείψει of v. 14 — the meal never ran out, exactly as promised.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with καψάκης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καψάκηςcruseNominativesubject of ἐλαττονώθη→ participant prominenceκαψάκης: 'cruse / oil-flask'; its non-diminishing fulfils the promise of v. 14.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἐλαίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουof oilGenitivegenitive (with καψάκης)→ relational specificationἔλαιον (gen. ἐλαίου): 'oil'; the supply that did not diminish.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαττονώθηdid not diminishAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐλαττονόωmain verb (fulfilment of v. 14b)→ constative aorist (the miracle realized)ἐλαττονόω (aor. pass. ἐλαττονώθη): 'be made less / diminish'; the passive aorist confirms the future ἐλαττονήσει of v. 14 — the oil never decreased; note the variation of voice/stem between promise and fulfilment.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm: word-fulfilment)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου, the word-fulfilment formula, attributing the miracle to YHWH's spoken word.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word'; renders דָּבָר; here the prophetic promise of v. 14, now fulfilled.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the word is YHWH's, spoken through the prophet.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν)→ participant referenceὅς (n. ὅ): relative pronoun; refers back to ῥῆμα, introducing the clause of mediation.
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause (YHWH the speaker)→ constative aoristλαλέω (aor. ἐλάλησεν): 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the LORD is the speaker, Elijah the mediating mouth — the miracle vindicates the prophetic word.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (agency / instrument: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: 'by / through'; ἐν χειρὶ Ηλιου ('by the hand of Elijah') is a Hebraism (בְּיַד) for agency — the LORD's word spoken through the prophet's instrumentality.
χειρὶhandDativedative of means (with ἐν: 'by the hand')→ sphere or referenceχείρ (dat. χειρί): 'hand'; ἐν χειρὶ Ηλιου, idiom of mediated agency; the prophet is the LORD's instrument.
Ηλιουof Elijahgenitive of relationship (with χειρί; indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; here in the 'hand of Elijah' idiom marking the prophet as the LORD's agent.
17

καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἠρρώστησεν ὁ υἱὸς τῆς γυναικὸς τῆς κυρίας τοῦ οἴκου καὶ ἦν ἡ ἀρρωστία αὐτοῦ κραταιὰ σφόδρα ἕως οὗ οὐχ ὑπελείφθη ἐν αὐτῷ πνεῦμα

And it happened after these things that the son of the woman, the mistress of the house, fell sick; and his sickness was very severe, until no breath was left in him.

Temporal transition: the boy's fatal illness (main narrative; opening of the raising-episode)καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα
The temporal formula καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα ('after these things') opens the third and climactic miracle. The son's illness intensifies to the point that no breath remains (οὐχ ὑπελείφθη ἐν αὐτῷ πνεῦμα) — the LXX's idiom for death, setting up the unprecedented raising. The woman is now styled ἡ κυρία τοῦ οἴκου ('the mistress of the house'), the householder.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal-transition formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): impersonal καὶ ἐγένετο renders וַיְהִי; opens the new episode of the boy's death and raising.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal).
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (temporal)→ object specificationοὗτος (n. pl. ταῦτα): 'these things'; μετὰ ταῦτα ('after these things') marks narrative succession from the provision-miracle to the raising.
καὶ(that)apodotic καί (Hebraism)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic καί after καὶ ἐγένετο, rendering the Hebrew waw of the apodosis; often untranslated or 'that' in English.
ἠρρώστησενfell sickAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρρωστέωmain verb (onset of illness)→ ingressive aorist (became ill)ἀρρωστέω (aor. ἠρρώστησεν): 'be ill / fall sick'; renders חָלָה; the ingressive aorist marks the onset of the fatal sickness; cognate with ἀρρωστία ('sickness') later in the verse.
theNominativearticle (with υἱός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸςsonNominativesubject of ἠρρώστησεν→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; the widow's son, one of the τέκνα of v. 15, now stricken; the keyword of vv. 17–24.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with γυναικός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικὸςwomanGenitivegenitive of relationship ('son of the woman')→ relational specificationγυνή (gen. γυναικός): 'woman'; the widow, the boy's mother.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with appositive κυρίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίαςmistressGenitivegenitive in apposition to γυναικός ('the mistress')→ relational specificationκυρία (gen. κυρίας): 'mistress / lady of the house'; the feminine of κύριος in its ordinary human sense — here the householder, NOT the divine name; renders the woman's status as head of her household; the appositive ἡ κυρία τοῦ οἴκου dignifies her as the owner of the home where Elijah lodges.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive (with κυρίας: 'mistress of the house')→ relational specificationοἶκος (gen. οἴκου): 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת; the home that hosts Elijah and is the scene of the raising.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (descriptive: state of the sickness)→ descriptive imperfect (state of the illness)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'be'; describes the gravity of the boy's condition.
theNominativearticle (with ἀρρωστία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρρωστίαsicknessNominativesubject of ἦν→ participant prominenceἀρρωστία: 'sickness / illness'; cognate with ἠρρώστησεν; renders חֳלִי; the noun emphasizes the severity that follows (κραταιὰ σφόδρα).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἀρρωστία)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἀρρωστία).
κραταιὰsevere / strongNominativepredicate adjective (with ἦν)→ participant prominenceκραταιός: 'strong / mighty / severe'; renders חָזָק; applied to the illness, it conveys an overpowering, life-threatening force.
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degree (intensifying κραταιά)→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'very / exceedingly'; standard LXX rendering of מְאֹד; intensifies the severity to the utmost — a fatal illness.
ἕωςuntilconjunction (with οὗ: 'until')→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; ἕως οὗ ('until the point that') introduces the terminal result — the cessation of breath.
οὗ(the point) thatGenitiverelative pronoun (with ἕως: 'until that')→ relational specificationὅς (gen. οὗ): in ἕως οὗ the relative forms a temporal conjunction 'until.'
οὐχnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπελείφθηwas leftAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὑπολείπωmain verb (the boy's death)→ constative aorist (terminal result: death)ὑπολείπω (aor. pass. ὑπελείφθη): 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the passive 'there was left'; οὐχ ὑπελείφθη … πνεῦμα ('no breath was left in him') is the LXX idiom for death — the boy has died.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
αὐτῷhimDativedative of place (in him)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of place (in him).
πνεῦμαbreath / spiritNominativesubject of ὑπελείφθη→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: 'breath / spirit / wind'; renders נְשָׁמָה/רוּחַ; here 'breath' as the sign of life; its departure = death; its return (the soul, ψυχή, v. 21–22) = resurrection.
18

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς Ηλιου τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσῆλθες πρός με τοῦ ἀναμνῆσαι τὰς ἀδικίας μου καὶ θανατῶσαι τὸν υἱόν μου

And she said to Elijah, 'What have I to do with you, O man of God? You have come to me to call my sins to remembrance and to kill my son!'

The widow's accusation (direct speech)τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί
The Hebraism τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί ('what to me and to you?', מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ) expresses indignant distancing (cf. John 2:4; Mark 5:7). The widow's grief turns to accusation: she reads the prophet's presence as having exposed her sins to divine notice, bringing the death of her son. The address ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ ('man of God') is her recognition of his office even in protest.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the widow's anguished accusation.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
ΗλιουElijahobject of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun).
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (in the Hebraism τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί)→ participant referenceτίς (n. τί): 'what?'; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί ('what is there to me and to you?') is a Semitic idiom of dissociation, here a cry of distressed protest; cf. the same idiom on the demoniacs' and Mary's lips (Mark 5:7; John 2:4).
ἐμοὶto meDativedative (in the idiom: 'to me')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. ἐμοί): 'to me'; part of the dissociation-idiom.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the idiom)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοίto youDativedative (in the idiom: 'and to you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοί): 'to you'; completes the idiom τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί.
ἄνθρωπεO manVocativevocative of address→ direct addressἄνθρωπος (voc. ἄνθρωπε): 'man / human being'; ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ ('O man of God') renders אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים, the standard title for a prophet; even in accusation she acknowledges Elijah's divine office (cf. v. 24, ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ).
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (with ἄνθρωπε: 'man of God')→ relational specificationθεός (gen. θεοῦ): 'God'; in the title 'man of God' it identifies Elijah as one belonging to and sent by God; her dread is that his very holiness has drawn divine attention to her sins.
εἰσῆλθεςyou have come inAor Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (accusation)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι (aor. εἰσῆλθες): 'come in / enter'; she charges that his coming into her house is what has provoked the calamity.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (gen. τοῦ): the genitive article governs the infinitives ἀναμνῆσαι / θανατῶσαι, forming a purpose construction ('in order to').
ἀναμνῆσαιto call to remembranceAor Act Inf · ἀναμιμνῄσκωarticular infinitive of purpose→ verbal action or stateἀναμιμνῄσκω (aor. inf. ἀναμνῆσαι): 'remind / call to mind'; renders הַזְכִּיר; she fears the prophet's presence has 'brought her sins to remembrance' before God — i.e., occasioned their judgment (cf. Num 5:15).
τὰςthe / myAccusativearticle (with ἀδικίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικίαςsins / iniquitiesAccusativedirect object of ἀναμνῆσαι→ object specificationἀδικία (acc. pl. ἀδικίας): 'wrongdoing / iniquity / injustice'; renders עָוֹן; she assumes her son's death is punishment for her own guilt, exposed by the holy man's nearness.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἀδικίας)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἀδικίας).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second purpose-infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θανατῶσαιto killAor Act Inf · θανατόωarticular infinitive of purpose (coordinate with ἀναμνῆσαι)→ verbal action or stateθανατόω (aor. inf. θανατῶσαι): 'put to death / kill'; renders הֵמִית; she interprets the boy's death as the result of Elijah's coming; the same verb recurs in Elijah's own prayer-protest (v. 20).
τὸνthe / myAccusativearticle (with υἱόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόνsonAccusativedirect object of θανατῶσαι→ object specificationυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'; the dead child, the object of her grief and of the coming miracle.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with υἱόν)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with υἱόν).
19

καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα δός μοι τὸν υἱόν σου καὶ ἔλαβεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ κόλπου αὐτῆς καὶ ἀνήνεγκεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ἐν ᾧ αὐτὸς ἐκάθητο ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐκοίμισεν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς κλίνης αὐτοῦ

And Elijah said to the woman, 'Give me your son'; and he took him from her bosom and carried him up to the upper room where he himself was staying, and laid him on his own bed.

Elijah's action: taking the child to the upper room (main narrative)δός μοι τὸν υἱόν σου
Elijah answers the accusation not with words of defense but with action: he takes the dead boy from the mother's bosom, carries him up (ἀνήνεγκεν) to his own upper room (ὑπερῷον), and lays him on his bed. The sequence of verbs (ἔλαβεν … ἀνήνεγκεν … ἐκοίμισεν) prepares the intimate setting for the prayer and the raising.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces Elijah's brief command for the child.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γυναῖκα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαwomanAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationγυνή (acc. γυναῖκα): 'woman'; the grieving mother.
δόςgiveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperative (a single request)δίδωμι (aor. impv. δός): 'give'; Elijah's gentle, decisive request takes responsibility for the child rather than rebutting the accusation.
μοιto meDativeindirect object (dative)→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as indirect object (dative).
τὸνthe / yourAccusativearticle (with υἱόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόνsonAccusativedirect object of δός→ object specificationυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'; the dead child.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with υἱόν)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with υἱόν).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the child)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω (aor. ἔλαβεν): 'take / receive'; Elijah takes the boy from the mother's embrace.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔλαβεν.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with κόλπου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόλπουbosom / lapGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationκόλπος (gen. κόλπου): 'bosom / lap / embrace'; renders חֵיק; the dead child is cradled in the mother's bosom — a tender image of grief from which Elijah lifts him.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (with κόλπου)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κόλπου).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήνεγκενcarried upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (carrying up)→ constative aoristἀναφέρω (aor. ἀνήνεγκεν): 'carry up / bring up'; renders הֶעֱלָה; the upward motion to the ὑπερῷον; balanced by κατήγαγεν ('brought down') in v. 23 after the raising.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀνήνεγκεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀνήνεγκεν.
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὑπερῷον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερῷονupper roomAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationὑπερῷον: 'upper room / roof-chamber'; renders עֲלִיָּה; the guest-chamber on the roof where Elijah lodges; the private elevated room becomes the place of miracle (cf. Elisha's room, 4 Kgdms 4:10–11; Acts 9:37, where Tabitha's body is laid in an upper room before her raising).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
whichDativerelative pronoun (dative, locating ὑπερῷον)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. ᾧ): relative pronoun; ἐν ᾧ ('in which') introduces the clause describing the room as Elijah's lodging.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive subject pronoun (of ἐκάθητο)→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'he himself'; stresses that this was the prophet's own quarters.
ἐκάθητοwas staying / dweltImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιverb of relative clause (Elijah's lodging)→ customary imperfect (habitual residence)κάθημαι (impf. ἐκάθητο): 'sit / dwell / reside'; here 'was lodging'; the imperfect of habitual residence — the room where Elijah regularly stayed.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive: 'there')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; resumptive after the relative clause, a Hebraism (אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם, 'in which … there').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοίμισενlaid downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κοιμίζωmain verb (laying the child on the bed)→ constative aoristκοιμίζω (aor. ἐκοίμισεν): 'lay down / cause to lie'; causative of κοιμάομαι ('sleep'); 'sleep' as a euphemism for death gives the laying-down a poignant resonance; Elijah lays the dead boy on his own bed.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἐκοίμισεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐκοίμισεν.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κλίνης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηςbedGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationκλίνη (gen. κλίνης): 'bed / couch'; renders מִטָּה; Elijah's own bed, on which he will stretch himself over the child (v. 21).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with κλίνης)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κλίνης).
20

καὶ ἀνεβόησεν Ηλιου καὶ εἶπεν οἴμμοι κύριε ὁ μάρτυς τῆς χήρας μεθ᾿ ἧς ἐγὼ κατοικῶ μετ᾿ αὐτῆς σὺ κεκάκωκας τοῦ θανατῶσαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς

And Elijah cried out and said, 'Alas, O Lord, the witness of the widow with whom I dwell, you have brought evil upon her by putting her son to death!'

Elijah's lament-prayer (direct address to God)οἴμμοι κύριε
Elijah's prayer is a bold lament: the interjection οἴμμοι ('alas') and the address κύριε ὁ μάρτυς τῆς χήρας ('O Lord, witness of the widow') appeal to God as guardian of the defenseless. The perfect σὺ κεκάκωκας ('you have brought disaster') is a daring, almost accusatory complaint — wrestling with God over the death of the child of the very widow who sheltered the prophet.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεβόησενcried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβοάωmain verb (cry of prayer)→ constative aorist (a loud cry)ἀναβοάω (aor. ἀνεβόησεν): 'cry out / cry aloud'; the prefix ἀνα- intensifies; Elijah cries out to God in anguished intercession; the same verb is used of the revived boy's cry at v. 22 (ἀνεβόησεν), forming a poignant verbal echo.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the content of the lament.
οἴμμοιalasinterjection of grief→ clausal contributionοἴμμοι (= οἴμοι): 'alas! / woe is me!'; an exclamation of grief and dismay; renders אֲהָהּ; opens Elijah's anguished complaint to God.
κύριεO LordVocativevocative of address (to God)→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here vocative 'O LORD,' Elijah's address to God in prayer — the divine name, not a human master.
theNominativearticle (with appositive μάρτυς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάρτυςwitnessNominativeappositive to κύριε (nominative for vocative)→ participant prominenceμάρτυς: 'witness'; ὁ μάρτυς τῆς χήρας ('the witness of the widow') invokes God as the one who sees and guards the cause of the defenseless widow (cf. the LORD's care for widows, Deut 10:18; Ps 68:5); the nominative with article stands for the vocative.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with χήρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χήραςwidowGenitivegenitive (with μάρτυς: 'witness of the widow')→ relational specificationχήρα (gen. χήρας): 'widow'; the keyword of the episode; God is invoked precisely as the protector of the widow whose son has died.
μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (association)→ spatial or relational framingμεθ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (association).
ἧςwhomGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive with μετά)→ relational specificationὅς (f. gen. ἧς): relative pronoun; μεθ᾿ ἧς … κατοικῶ ('with whom I dwell') describes Elijah's lodging with the widow, grounding his intercessory standing.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject pronoun (of κατοικῶ)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I'; stresses Elijah's personal bond with the household he laments over.
κατοικῶI dwellPres Act Indic 1 Sg · κατοικέωverb of relative clause (Elijah's residence)→ customary present (ongoing residence)κατοικέω: 'dwell / reside'; renders יָשַׁב/גּוּר; describes Elijah's settled lodging with the widow during the famine.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (resumptive association: Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; the resumptive μετ᾿ αὐτῆς after the relative ἧς is a Hebraism (אֲשֶׁר … עִמָּהּ, 'with whom … with her'), redundantly resuming the relative.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive object of μετά (resumptive of ἧς)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά (resumptive of ἧς).
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (of κεκάκωκας)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; the stressed pronoun lays the matter directly before God — 'it is you who have done this' — the boldness of lament-prayer.
κεκάκωκαςyou have brought evilPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · κακόωmain verb (the complaint proper)→ perfect of standing result (a disaster now in force)κακόω (perf. κεκάκωκας): 'harm / mistreat / bring evil upon'; renders הֵרַע; the perfect frames the calamity as an accomplished, abiding state; Elijah's complaint is daringly direct, attributing the boy's death to God's own act — the candor of biblical lament.
τοῦby / inGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of result/means)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (gen. τοῦ): the genitive article with the infinitive (τοῦ θανατῶσαι) expresses the manner/result of the κακόω — 'by putting to death.'
θανατῶσαιto put to deathAor Act Inf · θανατόωarticular infinitive (epexegetic of κεκάκωκας)→ verbal action or stateθανατόω (aor. inf. θανατῶσαι): 'put to death'; the same verb the widow used (v. 18); Elijah takes up her very word, laying the death before God.
τὸνthe / herAccusativearticle (with υἱόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativedirect object of θανατῶσαι→ object specificationυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'; the dead child of the widow.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (with υἱόν)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with υἱόν).
21

καὶ ἐνεφύσησεν τῷ παιδαρίῳ τρὶς καὶ ἐπεκαλέσατο τὸν κύριον καὶ εἶπεν κύριε ὁ θεός μου ἐπιστραφήτω δὴ ἡ ψυχὴ τοῦ παιδαρίου τούτου εἰς αὐτόν

And he breathed upon the child three times and called upon the LORD and said, 'O LORD my God, let the soul of this child return to him.'

The prophetic act and prayer for the soul's return (main narrative + direct address)καὶ ἐνεφύσησεν τῷ παιδαρίῳ τρὶς
Elijah breathes upon the boy three times (τρίς) — the LXX's ἐνεφύσησεν recalls the breath of life of Gen 2:7 (ἐνεφύσησεν … πνοὴν ζωῆς). He then calls upon the LORD with the petition ἐπιστραφήτω … ἡ ψυχή ('let the soul return'), an early biblical witness to the personal soul (ψυχή) departing and returning — the explicit prayer for resurrection.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεφύσησενbreathed uponAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐμφυσάωmain verb (prophetic act)→ constative aoristἐμφυσάω (aor. ἐνεφύσησεν): 'breathe upon / blow into'; renders the action of life-giving breath; the same verb describes God breathing life into Adam (Gen 2:7 LXX, ἐνεφύσησεν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ πνοὴν ζωῆς) and the risen Christ breathing the Spirit on the disciples (John 20:22); here it accompanies the prayer for the boy's revival (MT has Elijah stretching himself on the child; the LXX of 3 Kgdms reads 'breathed upon').
τῷtheDativearticle (with παιδαρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδαρίῳchild / boyDativedative (object of ἐνεφύσησεν: 'breathed upon the child')→ sphere or referenceπαιδάριον (dat. παιδαρίῳ): 'little boy / lad / child'; diminutive of παῖς; renders יֶלֶד/נַעַר; the term, used through vv. 21–23, emphasizes the child's youth and vulnerability.
τρὶςthree timesnumeral adverb (of frequency)→ clausal contributionτρίς: 'thrice / three times'; renders שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים; the threefold action (cf. the MT's threefold stretching) signifies completeness and earnest persistence in the prophetic act.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεκαλέσατοcalled uponAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικαλέωmain verb (invocation of the LORD)→ constative aoristἐπικαλέω (aor. mid. ἐπεκαλέσατο): 'call upon / invoke'; the middle 'call upon (for oneself)' is the standard idiom for invoking God in prayer (ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸν κύριον, cf. Gen 4:26; Joel 2:32 / Rom 10:13).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with κύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDAccusativedirect object of ἐπεκαλέσατο→ object specificationκύριος (acc. κύριον): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD whom Elijah invokes for the boy's life.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the prayer for the soul's return.
κύριεO LORDVocativevocative of address (to God)→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; vocative 'O LORD' in direct prayer — the divine name, not a human master.
theNominativearticle (with appositive θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativeappositive to κύριε (nominative for vocative)→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; ὁ θεός μου ('my God') marks the personal covenant relationship grounding Elijah's bold petition; the nominative with article stands for the vocative.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with θεός)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with θεός).
ἐπιστραφήτωlet it returnAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (third-person imperative: the petition)→ aorist imperative of entreaty (petitionary command)ἐπιστρέφω (aor. pass. impv. ἐπιστραφήτω): 'turn back / return'; renders שׁוּב; the third-person imperative is a prayer-request ('let … return'); the soul's return is the explicit content of the petition for resurrection.
δὴplease / nowentreaty particle (softening the petition)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: particle of entreaty; renders נָא; gives the petition the tone of earnest pleading ('let it return, I pray').
theNominativearticle (with ψυχή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoul / lifeNominativesubject of ἐπιστραφήτω→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / life / life-breath'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; here the life-principle that departed at death (v. 17, πνεῦμα) and is prayed to return; one of the clearest OT witnesses to the soul as separable and restorable — the foundation of the resurrection-petition.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with παιδαρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδαρίουchildGenitivegenitive of possession ('soul of this child')→ relational specificationπαιδάριον (gen. παιδαρίου): 'child / lad'; the boy whose soul is prayed back.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative (modifying παιδαρίου)→ relational specificationοὗτος (gen. τούτου): 'this'; the deictic points to the dead child before Elijah on the bed.
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction: 'back into him')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: 'back into him').
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the child's body)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτόν): 'him'; the soul is to return εἰς αὐτόν ('into him') — back into the boy's lifeless body.
22

καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως καὶ ἀνεβόησεν τὸ παιδάριον

And it was so, and the child cried out.

Answer to prayer: the child revives (main narrative; climax)καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως
The terse καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως ('and it was so') reports the LORD's immediate answer — the prayer of v. 21 is granted without elaboration. The boy's ἀνεβόησεν ('cried out') echoes Elijah's own ἀνεβόησεν (v. 20): the prophet's cry of lament is answered by the child's cry of life. This is the first explicit resurrection in the Scriptures.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit was / happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (answer to prayer)→ constative aorist (the petition realized)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'come to be / happen'; ἐγένετο οὕτως ('it was so') tersely records the granting of the prayer — the LORD acts; the same verb that opened the episode (v. 17) now reports its reversal.
οὕτωςso / thusadverb of manner ('thus / accordingly')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / so'; renders כֵּן; signals that the event matched the prayer exactly — the soul returned as Elijah asked.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεβόησενcried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβοάωmain verb (the child's revival)→ ingressive aorist (broke into a cry: sign of returned life)ἀναβοάω (aor. ἀνεβόησεν): 'cry out'; the boy's cry is the audible sign that life has returned; it deliberately echoes Elijah's ἀνεβόησεν of v. 20 — lament answered by living voice.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with παιδάριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονchildNominativesubject of ἀνεβόησεν→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'child / lad'; the once-dead boy now alive and crying out — the miracle accomplished.
23

καὶ κατήγαγεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπερῴου εἰς τὸν οἶκον καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου βλέπε ζῇ ὁ υἱός σου

And he brought him down from the upper room into the house and gave him to his mother, and Elijah said, 'See, your son lives.'

Restoration of the child to his mother (main narrative; resolution)καὶ κατήγαγεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπερῴου
The descent κατήγαγεν … ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπερῴου ('brought down from the upper room') reverses the ascent of v. 19 (ἀνήνεγκεν … εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον), framing the miracle. Elijah's βλέπε ζῇ ὁ υἱός σου ('See, your son lives') answers the widow's despair (φαγόμεθα καὶ ἀποθανούμεθα, v. 12; the death of v. 17) with the keyword ζῇ — the same verb of the living LORD's oath in v. 1.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατήγαγενbrought downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατάγωmain verb (descent)→ constative aoristκατάγω (aor. κατήγαγεν): 'bring down / lead down'; renders הוֹרִיד; reverses the ἀναφέρω of v. 19 — the boy is carried back down alive, the spatial frame closing the episode.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of κατήγαγεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κατήγαγεν.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ὑπερῴου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερῴουupper roomGenitivegenitive of source (with ἀπό)→ relational specificationὑπερῷον (gen. ὑπερῴου): 'upper room'; the roof-chamber of v. 19, scene of the raising, now left behind as the living child is brought down.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationοἶκος (acc. οἶκον): 'house'; the main living space, where the mother waits.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (restoration)→ constative aoristδίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκεν): 'give'; Elijah gives the living child back to his mother — the restoration answers her loss; cf. the same gesture at Luke 7:15 (Jesus 'gave him to his mother', ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ), a direct verbal echo of this verse.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔδωκεν.
τῇthe / hisDativearticle (with μητρί)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὶmotherDativeindirect object (dative of recipient)→ sphere or referenceμήτηρ (dat. μητρί): 'mother'; renders אֵם; the widow receives her son alive — the climactic reversal of her bereavement.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with μητρί)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with μητρί).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces Elijah's triumphant announcement.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
βλέπεsee / lookPres Act Impv 2 Sg · βλέπωmain verb (imperative of attention)→ present imperative (behold!)βλέπω (pres. impv. βλέπε): 'see / look'; renders רְאִי; an imperative summoning the mother to behold the living proof — her son restored.
ζῇlivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb (declaration of life)→ stative present (he is alive)ζάω (pres. ζῇ): 'live / be alive'; the same verb as the oath ζῇ κύριος (v. 1) — the living God has given life to the child; ζῇ ὁ υἱός σου ('your son lives') is the joyous announcement that crowns the chapter.
the / yourNominativearticle (with υἱός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόςsonNominativesubject of ζῇ→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the restored boy, alive — the resolution of the whole episode.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with υἱός)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with υἱός).
24

καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ πρὸς Ηλιου ἰδοὺ ἔγνωκα ὅτι ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ εἶ σὺ καὶ ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐν στόματί σου ἀληθινόν

And the woman said to Elijah, 'Behold, I know that you are a man of God, and the word of the LORD in your mouth is truth.'

The widow's confession (direct speech; climactic confession)ἰδοὺ ἔγνωκα ὅτι ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ εἶ σύ
The chapter ends with the widow's confession of faith. Her earlier accusatory address ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ (v. 18) is now a confident confession ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ εἶ σύ ('you are a man of God'). The clause ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐν στόματί σου ἀληθινόν ('the word of the LORD in your mouth is truth') vindicates the whole prophetic word — from the drought-oath (v. 1, διὰ στόματος λόγου μου) to the provision-promise (v. 14) — as reliable and true; a Gentile widow becomes a confessor of YHWH.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the widow's closing confession.
theNominativearticle (with γυνή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject of εἶπεν→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; the Sidonian widow, now a confessor of the LORD's word.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
ΗλιουElijahobject of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun).
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה; introduces the emphatic confession that follows.
ἔγνωκαI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb (confession of knowledge)→ perfect of settled knowledge (I have come to know and now know)γινώσκω (perf. ἔγνωκα): 'know / come to know'; renders יָדַעְתִּי; the perfect denotes knowledge now firmly possessed as the result of the miracle — 'now I know'; the verb of confessional recognition (cf. the same form at 4 Kgdms 5:15, Naaman's confession).
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing content of knowledge)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that'; introduces the object of ἔγνωκα — the twofold confession.
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativepredicate nominative (with εἶ)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / human being'; ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ ('man of God') is the prophetic title (אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים); her earlier wary address (v. 18) becomes a confident affirmation — Elijah is truly God's prophet.
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive (with ἄνθρωπος: 'man of God')→ relational specificationθεός (gen. θεοῦ): 'God'; in the title 'man of God' it marks Elijah as belonging to and authorized by God.
εἶyou arePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίlinking verb (predication)→ stative presentεἰμί (2 sg. εἶ): 'be'; the copula of the confession 'you are a man of God.'
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (with εἶ)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ εἶ σύ ('you indeed are a man of God') — the pronoun stresses the personal recognition.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second clause of confession)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject (of implied 'is', predicate ἀληθινόν)→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / utterance'; renders דָּבָר; ῥῆμα κυρίου ('the word of the LORD') is the prophetic message; the confession affirms its truth, vindicating the whole chapter's pattern of word-and-fulfilment.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (with ῥῆμα)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the word in Elijah's mouth is YHWH's own — the climactic acknowledgment of the true God by a Sidonian widow.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
στόματίmouthDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in your mouth')→ sphere or referenceστόμα (dat. στόματι): 'mouth'; ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐν στόματί σου ('the word of the LORD in your mouth') echoes the prophet's own claim in v. 1 (διὰ στόματος λόγου μου); the word the prophet speaks is the LORD's true word.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with στόματι)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with στόματι).
ἀληθινόνtrue / truthNominativepredicate adjective (with ῥῆμα: 'is true')→ participant prominenceἀληθινός (n. ἀληθινόν): 'true / genuine / reliable'; renders אֱמֶת; the predicate caps the confession — the prophetic word is dependable and true, as the drought, the provision, and the raising have all proved; the keyword of vindication closing the chapter.