Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Third Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 7ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Γ′ Ζ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Hiram's bronze work and Solomon's finishing labors complete the temple furnishings and royal building program.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 3 Kingdoms 7 (= 1 Kings 7) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The LXX of 3 Kingdoms diverges markedly from the Masoretic order of 1 Kings 6–7: the account of the bronze furnishings made by Hiram of Tyre is brought forward and interleaved with the account of Solomon's palace complex, so that the chapter opens with the summons of Hiram (vv. 1–2), proceeds through the two pillars Jachin and Boaz (Ιαχουμ / Βααζ, vv. 3–9), the molten Sea on its twelve oxen (vv. 10–13), the ten wheeled bronze stands and their lavers (vv. 14–25), the pots, shovels, and basins (v. 26), a recapitulatory inventory of all the bronze works (vv. 27–32), the casting-ground in the Jordan plain (v. 33), and the gold furnishings of the temple (vv. 34–37), and only then turns to Solomon's own house, the House of the Forest of Lebanon, the Hall of Pillars, the Hall of the Throne (αιλαμ τῶν θρόνων), and Pharaoh's daughter's house (vv. 38–45), closing with the precious-stone masonry of the great court (vv. 46–50). The translator's vocabulary is heavily technical and includes a cluster of transliterated Hebrew architectural terms left untranslated: αιλαμ (אוּלָם, 'vestibule / portico'), μεχωνωθ (מְכֹנוֹת, 'stands / bases'), δαβιρ (דְּבִיר, 'inner shrine / oracle'), and χερουβιν (כְּרוּבִים, 'cherubim'). The proper names Σαλωμων (Solomon), Χιραμ (Hiram), Φαραω (Pharaoh), Δαυιδ (David), Νεφθαλι (Naphtali), Σοκχωθ, and Σιρα are indeclinable, while Τύρος, Λίβανος, and Ιορδάνης are declined. The repeated note that 'there was no weighing of the bronze' (vv. 31–32) frames Solomon's bronze enterprise as one of overwhelming, uncountable abundance.

1

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων καὶ ἔλαβεν τὸν Χιραμ ἐκ Τύρου

And King Solomon sent and fetched Hiram from Tyre,

New narrative section (main narrative): introduction of the craftsman Hiramκαὶ ἀπέστειλεν
The Hebraizing καί-parataxis (ἀπέστειλεν … καὶ ἔλαβεν, 'sent and fetched') opens the bronze-works narrative. After the building of the temple proper, attention turns to the master artisan who will execute its metalwork; the summons of a Tyrian craftsman echoes the long-standing Solomon–Hiram (of Tyre) alliance and the pattern of the Spirit-gifted Tabernacle artisans.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb→ constative aorist (single completed act)ἀποστέλλω: 'send (off / forth on a commission)'; renders שָׁלַח; the compound ἀπο- marks dispatch with authority — the king sends an embassy to bring the craftsman from Tyre.
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; here Solomon, the builder-king whose temple project frames the whole chapter.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonnominative in apposition to ὁ βασιλεύς (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה; indeclinable in this LXX (same form for nominative and accusative); the name dominates the chapter as the agent of the whole building enterprise.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενfetched / tookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωcoordinate main verb→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take / receive / fetch'; renders לָקַח; paired with ἀπέστειλεν it forms the idiom 'sent and brought,' i.e. summoned Hiram into his service.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Χιραμ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧιραμHiramdirect object of ἔλαβεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: transliteration of Hebrew חִירָם / חוּרָם; indeclinable in the LXX; this Hiram is the bronze-worker of Tyre, to be distinguished from King Hiram of Tyre, Solomon's ally; the article τόν marks him as a specific, known figure.
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (source / origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source / origin).
ΤύρουTyreGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (place of origin)→ relational specificationΤύρος: the Phoenician port-city of Tyre (Hebrew צֹר); declined as a second-declension feminine noun; Tyre was renowned for metalwork and supplied both timber and skilled labor for Solomon's projects (cf. 3 Kgdms 5).
2

υἱὸν γυναικὸς χήρας καὶ οὗτος ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἀνὴρ Τύριος τέκτων χαλκοῦ καὶ πεπληρωμένος τῆς τέχνης καὶ συνέσεως καὶ ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ ποιεῖν πᾶν ἔργον ἐν χαλκῷ καὶ εἰσήχθη πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Σαλωμων καὶ ἐποίησεν πάντα τὰ ἔργα

a son of a widow woman — and he was from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father a Tyrian man, a worker in bronze and filled with skill and understanding and knowledge to do every work in bronze; and he was brought in to King Solomon and did all the works.

Appositional description of Hiram (background characterization)υἱὸν γυναικὸς χήρας
v.2 is an extended appositional/parenthetical characterization of Hiram in apposition to τὸν Χιραμ of v.1: his maternal lineage (Naphtali), his paternal craft (a Tyrian bronze-worker), and his own threefold endowment (τέχνη, σύνεσις, ἐπίγνωσις). The participle πεπληρωμένος and the triad of gifts deliberately recall the Spirit-filling of Bezalel (Exod 31:3; 35:31), assimilating temple metalwork to sanctioned sacred craftsmanship.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τὸν Χιραμ (v.1)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; the accusative continues the object-construction of ἔλαβεν τὸν Χιραμ, characterizing Hiram by his mother's status as a widow.
γυναικὸςof a womanGenitivegenitive of relationship (with υἱόν)→ relational specificationγυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; here the mother of Hiram.
χήραςwidowGenitivegenitive attributive (modifying γυναικός: 'a widow woman')→ relational specificationχήρα: 'widow'; renders אַלְמָנָה; the detail that Hiram's mother was a widow heightens the parallel with humble or unlikely instruments raised up for sacred work.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing parenthetical clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοςhe / this oneNominativesubject (demonstrative pronoun: 'and he')→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; here resumptive ('and this man'), shifting to a nominal clause describing Hiram's tribal affiliation.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (origin / affiliation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin / affiliation).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (tribal affiliation)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the maternal line is traced to Naphtali (in 2 Chr 2:14 to Dan).
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaligenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי; indeclinable; the northern tribe of Naphtali, bordering Phoenician territory, making a Tyrian connection geographically natural.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with πατήρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָב; introduces the paternal, Tyrian, side of Hiram's craft lineage.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατήρ)→ relational specificationαὐτός: personal/intensive pronoun; genitive αὐτοῦ = 'his.'
ἀνὴρa manNominativepredicate nominative (with implied 'was')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man / husband'; renders אִישׁ; in a verbless clause predicating the father's identity as a Tyrian.
ΤύριοςTyrianNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀνήρ: 'a Tyrian man')→ participant prominenceΤύριος: 'Tyrian'; gentilic adjective from Τύρος; marks the father as a native of Tyre, hence Hiram's inheritance of Phoenician bronze-craft.
τέκτωνcraftsman / workerNominativepredicate nominative in apposition (the father's trade)→ participant prominenceτέκτων: 'craftsman / artificer / worker'; renders חָרָשׁ; though often 'carpenter,' here with the genitive χαλκοῦ it means a metal-worker, a smith.
χαλκοῦof bronzeGenitivegenitive of material (with τέκτων: 'worker in bronze')→ relational specificationχαλκός: 'bronze / copper'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; the defining medium of all Hiram's works in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεπληρωμένοςfilledPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Sg Masc · πληρόωpredicate participle (perfect: settled endowment of the father / Hiram)→ resultative perfect (a completed filling with abiding effect)πληρόω: 'fill / fill up / complete'; renders מָלֵא; the perfect passive participle πεπληρωμένος (cf. Bezalel, Exod 31:3 ἐνέπλησα αὐτὸν πνεῦμα … σοφίας) marks a permanent state of being endowed with the threefold craft-gift that follows.
τῆςthe / withGenitivearticle (with τέχνης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέχνηςskill / artGenitivegenitive of content (with πεπληρωμένος: 'filled with skill')→ relational specificationτέχνη: 'craft / skill / art'; the first member of the craft-triad; πληρόω commonly takes the genitive of that with which one is filled.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέσεωςunderstandingGenitivegenitive of content (second member of craft-triad)→ relational specificationσύνεσις: 'understanding / insight / intelligence'; renders תְּבוּנָה; with τέχνη and ἐπίγνωσις it forms the wisdom-triad that recalls Bezalel's σοφία, σύνεσις, ἐπιστήμη (Exod 31:3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσεωςknowledgeGenitivegenitive of content (third member of craft-triad)→ relational specificationἐπίγνωσις: 'knowledge / discernment'; renders דַּעַת; the prefix ἐπι- intensifies to full, practical know-how — the applied knowledge needed to execute every kind of bronze-work.
τοῦfor theGenitivearticle with articular infinitive (genitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιεῖνto do / to makePres Act Inf · ποιέωarticular infinitive (τοῦ + inf., purpose: 'so as to do')→ purpose / result (the goal of the endowment)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the articular infinitive τοῦ ποιεῖν expresses the purpose of Hiram's threefold endowment — that he might execute every bronze work.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; neuter πᾶν agrees with ἔργον; stresses the comprehensive scope of Hiram's competence.
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / deed / product'; renders מְלָאכָה; the keyword of the chapter for the manufactured bronze and gold furnishings.
ἐνin / withpreposition + dative (material / means)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (material / means).
χαλκῷbronzeDativedative of material (with ἐν: 'in bronze')→ sphere or referenceχαλκός: 'bronze / copper'; the material in which all the listed works are wrought.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming main line after parenthesis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήχθηhe was brought inAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εἰσάγωmain verb (passive: Hiram brought before the king)→ constative aorist passiveεἰσάγω: 'bring in / lead in'; renders בּוֹא (Hiphil); the passive εἰσήχθη resumes the narrative from v.1 — Hiram, summoned, is now ushered into the king's presence.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; here Solomon, before whom Hiram is brought to undertake the works.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonaccusative in apposition to τὸν βασιλέα (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; in apposition to the accusative βασιλέα though unchanged in form.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe did / madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative/summary aorist (the whole enterprise viewed as one)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the summary statement ἐποίησεν πάντα τὰ ἔργα anticipates the detailed inventory that follows and is echoed at the chapter's recapitulation (vv. 26, 31).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural πάντα agrees with ἔργα; totalizing summary of Hiram's output.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἔργον (pl. ἔργα): 'works / products'; the manufactured furnishings of the temple, enumerated in the verses to follow.
3

καὶ ἐχώνευσεν τοὺς δύο στύλους τῷ αιλαμ τοῦ οἴκου ὀκτωκαίδεκα πήχεις ὕψος τοῦ στύλου καὶ περίμετρον τέσσαρες καὶ δέκα πήχεις ἐκύκλου αὐτόν καὶ τὸ πάχος τοῦ στύλου τεσσάρων δακτύλων τὰ κοιλώματα καὶ οὕτως ὁ στῦλος ὁ δεύτερος

And he cast the two pillars for the vestibule of the house: eighteen cubits was the height of the pillar, and a circumference of fourteen cubits encircled it, and the thickness of the pillar was four fingers — the hollow spaces; and so also the second pillar.

Begin enumeration of works: the two bronze pillars (subordinate detail of v.2's 'all the works')καὶ ἐχώνευσεν
The verb ἐχώνευσεν ('cast in molten metal') opens the catalogue of bronze items. The verse gives the dimensions of the pillars — height, circumference, and wall-thickness (they were hollow, τὰ κοιλώματα) — and notes that the second pillar matched the first (καὶ οὕτως … ὁ δεύτερος), a refrain repeated for paired items throughout the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχώνευσενhe cast / moldedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χωνεύωmain verb→ constative aoristχωνεύω: 'cast / found / smelt (in a mold)'; renders יָצַק / נָסַךְ; the technical verb for casting molten bronze, used repeatedly in this chapter (vv. 4, 33) for the foundry-work of the furnishings.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with στύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying στύλους; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable numeral; the two free-standing pillars before the temple porch, named Jachin and Boaz (v.7).
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; renders עַמּוּד; the two great bronze pillars are the chapter's first and most prominent bronze work.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with αιλαμ; dative of place / advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμvestibule / porticodative of place (transliterated architectural term)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: transliteration of Hebrew אוּלָם, the 'vestibule / porch / portico' at the front of the temple; left untranslated and treated as indeclinable; the two pillars stood at this portico.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of relationship (the vestibule of the house)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; renders בַּיִת; here the temple, 'the house' par excellence.
ὀκτωκαίδεκαeighteennumeral (predicate of measure: 'eighteen cubits')→ clausal contributionὀκτωκαίδεκα: 'eighteen'; indeclinable numeral; the height of each pillar in cubits.
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure (extent)→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit' (forearm-length, c. 44–52 cm); renders אַמָּה; the standard unit for all the dimensions in this chapter.
ὕψοςheightNominativepredicate nominative (subject of nominal clause: 'the height was ...')→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; renders קוֹמָה / גֹּבַהּ; the vertical dimension of the pillar.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with στύλου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουpillarGenitivegenitive of reference (the height of the pillar)→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the singular here treats the pillar as a representative specimen, its measurements applying to both.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περίμετρονcircumferenceNominativesubject of nominal clause (the perimeter measure)→ participant prominenceπερίμετρον: 'circumference / perimeter'; the measure around the cylindrical pillar — fourteen cubits.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with δέκα = fourteen)→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; declinable numeral (nom. form); combined with καὶ δέκα to give 'fourteen' cubits of circumference.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (with τέσσαρες = fourteen; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable numeral; τέσσαρες καὶ δέκα = 'fourteen.'
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the unit of the circumference measurement.
ἐκύκλουencircledImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κυκλόωverb (the circumference 'went round' the pillar)→ descriptive imperfect (a measure running around the object)κυκλόω: 'encircle / go round / surround'; renders סָבַב; the imperfect describes the circumference as running around the pillar; the related ἐκύκλουν recurs at vv. 10–11.
αὐτόνitAccusativedirect object of ἐκύκλου (the pillar)→ participant referenceαὐτός: personal pronoun; accusative masculine αὐτόν refers to the pillar (στῦλος).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with πάχος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάχοςthicknessNominativesubject of nominal clause (the wall-thickness)→ participant prominenceπάχος: 'thickness'; the gauge of the pillar's bronze wall — four fingers — confirming the pillars were hollow castings.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with στύλου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουpillarGenitivegenitive of reference (thickness of the pillar)→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; here referenced for its wall-gauge.
τεσσάρωνfourGenitivegenitive of measure (with δακτύλων: 'of four fingers')→ relational specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; genitive τεσσάρων in a genitive-of-measure construction with δακτύλων.
δακτύλωνfingersGenitivegenitive of measure (the unit of thickness)→ relational specificationδάκτυλος: 'finger / finger-breadth' (a small unit of length, about 1.85 cm); renders אֶצְבַּע; here measuring the bronze wall's gauge.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with κοιλώματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλώματαhollow spacesNominativeappositional clarification ('namely, the hollows')→ participant prominenceκοίλωμα: 'hollow / cavity'; the plural notes that the pillars were hollow castings, the four-finger thickness being the wall around the void.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςso / likewiseadverb of manner (matching refrain)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in like manner'; the refrain καὶ οὕτως … ὁ δεύτερος ('and so the second') marks that the paired item matched the first; recurs for paired furnishings (v.6).
theNominativearticle (with στῦλος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοςpillarNominativesubject (with implied 'was' — 'so was the second pillar')→ participant prominenceστῦλος: 'pillar'; the second pillar, identical in dimension to the first.
theNominativearticle (with δεύτερος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτεροςsecondNominativeattributive adjective (ordinal: 'the second')→ participant prominenceδεύτερος: 'second'; ordinal numeral identifying the matching second pillar (later named Βααζ, v.7).
4

καὶ δύο ἐπιθέματα ἐποίησεν δοῦναι ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς τῶν στύλων χωνευτὰ χαλκᾶ πέντε πήχεις τὸ ὕψος τοῦ ἐπιθέματος τοῦ ἑνός καὶ πέντε πήχεις τὸ ὕψος τοῦ ἐπιθέματος τοῦ δευτέρου

And he made two capitals to set upon the heads of the pillars, cast in bronze: five cubits was the height of the one capital, and five cubits the height of the second capital.

Continuation of the pillars-catalogue: the capitals (subordinate detail)καὶ δύο ἐπιθέματα ἐποίησεν
The verse describes the two cast bronze capitals (ἐπιθέματα) crowning the pillars, each five cubits high. The complementary infinitive δοῦναι ('to set / place') states their function; the symmetrical repetition (τοῦ ἑνός … τοῦ δευτέρου) continues the paired-item style of v.3.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying ἐπιθέματα; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable; the two capitals, one per pillar.
ἐπιθέματαcapitalsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἐπίθεμα: 'that which is placed upon / capital / cover'; renders כֹּתֶרֶת ('capital'); the ornamental crowns set on the heads of the pillars (cf. vv. 5–6, 8).
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; the standard verb for Hiram's manufacture of each item.
δοῦναιto set / to placeAor Act Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive (purpose: 'to put upon')→ purpose infinitiveδίδωμι: 'give / put / set'; here in the extended sense 'place / set upon,' rendering נָתַן; the infinitive states the capitals' intended placement on the pillar-heads.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (placement).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κεφαλάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὰςheads / topsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the tops of the pillars)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head / top'; renders רֹאשׁ; the 'heads' of the pillars are their tops, where the capitals rest.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of possession (the pillars' heads)→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; genitive plural — the heads belong to the two pillars.
χωνευτὰcast / moltenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐπιθέματα: 'cast capitals')→ object specificationχωνευτός: 'cast / molten' (verbal adjective from χωνεύω); renders מוּצָק / מַסֵּכָה; specifies that the capitals were cast, not hammered.
χαλκᾶof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (material, modifying ἐπιθέματα)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'made of bronze' (contracted from χάλκεος); the capitals' material.
πέντεfivenumeral (measure: 'five cubits'; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable numeral; the height of each capital.
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the unit of the capital's height.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὕψος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςheightNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; the vertical measure of the capital.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἐπιθέματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθέματοςcapitalGenitivegenitive of reference (the height of the capital)→ relational specificationἐπίθεμα: 'capital'; genitive singular referencing the first capital.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἑνός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνόςone / firstGenitiveattributive numeral (the one / first capital)→ relational specificationεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; genitive ἑνός; here 'the one (= first) capital,' paired with τοῦ δευτέρου below.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfivenumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; the matching height of the second capital.
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit.'
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὕψος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςheightNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; of the second capital.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἐπιθέματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθέματοςcapitalGenitivegenitive of reference→ relational specificationἐπίθεμα: 'capital'; the second one.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with δευτέρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρουsecondGenitiveattributive adjective (ordinal: 'of the second')→ relational specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; ordinal completing the symmetrical pair of capitals.
5

καὶ ἐποίησεν δύο δίκτυα περικαλύψαι τὸ ἐπίθεμα τῶν στύλων καὶ δίκτυον τῷ ἐπιθέματι τῷ ἑνί καὶ δίκτυον τῷ ἐπιθέματι τῷ δευτέρῳ

And he made two networks to cover the capital of the pillars, a network for the one capital and a network for the second capital.

Continuation: the network coverings of the capitalsκαὶ ἐποίησεν δύο δίκτυα
The two latticed networks (δίκτυα) sheathe the bowl-shaped capitals; the distributive pairing (τῷ ἑνί … τῷ δευτέρῳ) again signals the matched ornamentation of the two pillar-heads.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; the repeated manufacturing verb of the catalogue.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying δίκτυα; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; one network per capital.
δίκτυαnetworks / latticesAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationδίκτυον: 'net / network / lattice'; renders שְׂבָכָה ('network'); the mesh-work decoration covering each capital, here in the plural for the pair.
περικαλύψαιto cover roundAor Act Inf · περικαλύπτωpurpose infinitive (function of the networks)→ purpose infinitiveπερικαλύπτω: 'cover all round / wrap'; the compound περι- stresses complete enclosure of the capital by the lattice (cf. v.28 περικαλύπτειν).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπίθεμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίθεμαcapitalAccusativedirect object of περικαλύψαι→ object specificationἐπίθεμα: 'capital'; the object the networks enclose.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the capitals belong to the pillars.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (distributive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκτυονa networkAccusativeaccusative (distributive: 'one network')→ object specificationδίκτυον: 'network / lattice'; singular, distributing one network to each capital.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἐπιθέματι; dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθέματιcapitalDativedative of advantage ('for the capital')→ sphere or referenceἐπίθεμα: 'capital'; dative recipient of its network.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίone / firstDativeattributive numeral (the first capital)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; dative ἑνί; 'the one (first) capital.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκτυονa networkAccusativeaccusative (distributive: second network)→ object specificationδίκτυον: 'network'; the second lattice.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἐπιθέματι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθέματιcapitalDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceἐπίθεμα: 'capital'; the second capital.
τῷtheDativearticle (with δευτέρῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρῳsecondDativeattributive adjective (ordinal)→ sphere or referenceδεύτερος: 'second'; completing the matched pair.
6

καὶ ἔργον κρεμαστόν δύο στίχοι ῥοῶν χαλκῶν δεδικτυωμένοι ἔργον κρεμαστόν στίχος ἐπὶ στίχον καὶ οὕτως ἐποίησεν τῷ ἐπιθέματι τῷ δευτέρῳ

And a hanging work: two rows of bronze pomegranates wrought in network, a hanging work, row upon row; and so he made for the second capital.

Continuation: the pomegranate lattice-work on the capitalsκαὶ ἔργον κρεμαστόν
The 'hanging work' (ἔργον κρεμαστόν) comprises two rows of bronze pomegranates set in the network, row upon row (στίχος ἐπὶ στίχον). The closing refrain καὶ οὕτως ἐποίησεν … τῷ δευτέρῳ again matches the second capital to the first.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔργονworkNominativesubject of nominal clause (with κρεμαστόν)→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work / piece of craftsmanship'; here the ornamental composition described.
κρεμαστόνhangingNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον: 'hanging work')→ participant prominenceκρεμαστός: 'hanging / suspended' (verbal adjective from κρεμάννυμι); describes the pendant lattice-and-pomegranate ornament draped over the capital.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying στίχοι; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; two rows of pomegranates.
στίχοιrowsNominativeappositional subject (the two rows)→ participant prominenceστίχος: 'row / line / course'; renders טוּר; the pomegranates were arranged in two horizontal rows.
ῥοῶνof pomegranatesGenitivegenitive of content (rows of pomegranates)→ relational specificationῥόα (= ῥοιά): 'pomegranate'; renders רִמּוֹן; the pomegranate, a stock ornament of priestly and temple decoration (cf. the high priest's robe, Exod 28:33–34).
χαλκῶνof bronzeGenitiveattributive adjective (material, modifying ῥοῶν)→ relational specificationχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the pomegranates were cast bronze.
δεδικτυωμένοιwrought in networkPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · δικτυόωattributive participle (modifying στίχοι: 'latticed')→ resultative perfect (a finished interwoven state)δικτυόω: 'make into / cover with network, interweave as a lattice' (denominative from δίκτυον); the perfect participle marks the rows as set into the completed mesh-work covering the capital.
ἔργονworkNominativeappositional repetition (resumptive: 'a hanging work')→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work'; the repetition ἔργον κρεμαστόν frames the description as a unified ornamental piece.
κρεμαστόνhangingNominativeattributive adjective (resumptive)→ participant prominenceκρεμαστός: 'hanging'; resumes the description of the pendant ornament.
στίχοςrowNominativenominative in distributive phrase (στίχος ἐπὶ στίχον)→ participant prominenceστίχος: 'row'; the idiom στίχος ἐπὶ στίχον ('row upon row') describes the stacked arrangement of the pomegranate courses.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (one course over another)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (one course over another).
στίχονrowAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (row upon row)→ object specificationστίχος: 'row'; the second member of the 'row upon row' idiom.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςso / likewiseadverb of manner (matching refrain)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in like manner'; the refrain marking the second capital as identical to the first.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; the same ornamentation was applied to the second capital.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἐπιθέματι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθέματιcapitalDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceἐπίθεμα: 'capital'; the second capital, similarly adorned.
τῷtheDativearticle (with δευτέρῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρῳsecondDativeattributive adjective (ordinal)→ sphere or referenceδεύτερος: 'second'; completing the paired description of the capitals.
7

καὶ ἔστησεν τοὺς στύλους τοῦ αιλαμ τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ ἔστησεν τὸν στῦλον τὸν ἕνα καὶ ἐπεκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ιαχουμ καὶ ἔστησεν τὸν στῦλον τὸν δεύτερον καὶ ἐπεκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Βααζ

And he set up the pillars of the vestibule of the nave; and he set up the one pillar and called its name Jachin, and he set up the second pillar and called its name Boaz.

Climax of the pillar-account: erection and namingκαὶ ἔστησεν τοὺς στύλους
The pillars are erected at the vestibule of the nave and given their names — Ιαχουμ (Jachin, 'he establishes') and Βααζ (Boaz, 'in him is strength'). The naming of the pillars (rare for inanimate objects) signals their theological weight as enduring witnesses at the temple's threshold.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενhe set upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (transitive aorist: erected)→ constative aorist (act of erection)ἵστημι: 'set / stand / erect'; the transitive (first) aorist ἔστησεν = 'caused to stand, set up'; renders קוּם (Hiphil) / נָצַב; the verb of erecting the pillars in place.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with στύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object of ἔστησεν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the two pillars now set in place at the porch.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with αιλαμ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμvestibule / porticogenitive of place (transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: transliterated אוּלָם, 'vestibule / portico'; the pillars stood at the portico of the nave.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ναοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναοῦnave / templeGenitivegenitive of relationship (the vestibule of the nave)→ relational specificationναός: 'shrine / nave / temple-building'; renders הֵיכָל; the main hall of the temple, before which the porch and its pillars stood.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενhe set upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἵστημι: 'set up / erect'; here applied to the first pillar individually.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with στῦλον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλονpillarAccusativedirect object of ἔστησεν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the first of the two.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἕνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναone / firstAccusativeattributive numeral ('the one / first pillar')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; accusative ἕνα; 'the one (first) pillar.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεκάλεσενhe called / namedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικαλέωmain verb (naming act)→ constative aoristἐπικαλέω: 'call (upon) / name / give a name to'; renders קָרָא; the idiom ἐπεκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ('he called its name') renders קָרָא אֶת־שֵׁם.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object of ἐπεκάλεσεν→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the object named in the Hebraic naming-idiom.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the pillar's name)→ relational specificationαὐτός: pronoun; 'its' (the pillar's).
ΙαχουμJachinpredicate name (indeclinable; the name given)→ participant identificationΙαχουμ: transliteration of Hebrew יָכִין ('Jachin,' 'he will establish / he establishes'); indeclinable; the name of the right-hand (south) pillar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενhe set upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb→ constative aoristἵστημι: 'set up'; applied to the second pillar.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with στῦλον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλονpillarAccusativedirect object of ἔστησεν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the second one.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeattributive adjective (ordinal)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; the left-hand pillar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεκάλεσενhe called / namedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικαλέωmain verb (naming act)→ constative aoristἐπικαλέω: 'name / call'; the second naming.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object of ἐπεκάλεσεν→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; the name of the second pillar.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (the second pillar's).
ΒααζBoazpredicate name (indeclinable; the name given)→ participant identificationΒααζ: transliteration of Hebrew בֹּעַז ('Boaz,' commonly understood as 'in him is strength'); indeclinable; the name of the left-hand (north) pillar.
8

καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κεφαλῶν τῶν στύλων ἔργον κρίνου κατὰ τὸ αιλαμ τεσσάρων πηχῶν

And upon the heads of the pillars was lily-work, facing the vestibule, of four cubits.

Final ornamental detail of the pillars: the lily-workκαὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κεφαλῶν
The pillar-heads were crowned with lily-work (ἔργον κρίνου), a floral motif of four cubits oriented toward the porch. The lily (κρίνον) recurs at the rim of the molten Sea (v.12), tying the bronze furnishings together with a shared botanical ornament.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with κεφαλῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῶνheads / topsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationκεφαλή: 'head / top'; the tops of the pillars where the lily-work sat.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the pillar-tops.
ἔργονworkNominativesubject of nominal clause (with implied 'was')→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work'; here the ornamental composition crowning the pillars.
κρίνουof a lilyGenitivegenitive of content (lily-work)→ relational specificationκρίνον: 'lily'; renders שׁוּשַׁן; the lily-shaped floral ornament; ἔργον κρίνου = 'lily-work,' a recurring temple motif (cf. v.12).
κατὰfacing / according topreposition + accusative (orientation)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here 'opposite / facing / along'; the lily-work faced toward the porch.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αιλαμ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμvestibule / porticoaccusative object of κατά (transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: transliterated אוּלָם, 'vestibule / portico'; the lily-work was oriented toward this porch.
τεσσάρωνof fourGenitivegenitive of measure (with πηχῶν)→ relational specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; genitive of measure with πηχῶν.
πηχῶνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure (the extent of the lily-work)→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the lily-work measured four cubits.
9

καὶ μέλαθρον ἐπ᾿ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν στύλων καὶ ἐπάνωθεν τῶν πλευρῶν ἐπίθεμα τὸ μέλαθρον τῷ πάχει

And there was a beam upon both the pillars, and above the sides a capital; the beam was at the thickness.

Closing structural detail of the pillars: the connecting beamκαὶ μέλαθρον
A beam (μέλαθρον) spans both pillars, and above the lateral faces sits the capital. The verse is textually dense and obscure (a feature of the LXX's technical architecture-vocabulary here); the sense is that a horizontal member crowned and joined the two pillars at the level of their thickness.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέλαθρονbeamNominativesubject of nominal clause (with implied 'was')→ participant prominenceμέλαθρον: 'roof-beam / crossbeam / rafter'; the horizontal timber or member set across the tops of the pillars; recurs of the palace structures (vv. 9, 41).
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (elided; position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; position).
ἀμφοτέρωνbothGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying στύλων: 'both pillars')→ relational specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both'; here genitive with τῶν στύλων — the beam rests on both pillars.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the two pillars spanned by the beam.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωθενabove / from aboveimproper preposition + genitive (position: 'above')→ spatial or relational framingἐπάνωθεν: 'from above / above / over'; an adverb used prepositionally with the genitive; here locating the capital above the sides.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πλευρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλευρῶνsidesGenitivegenitive object of ἐπάνωθεν→ relational specificationπλευρά: 'side / rib / flank'; renders צֵלָע; here the lateral faces of the pillar-structure (and elsewhere the side-chambers / framing of buildings, v.40).
ἐπίθεμαcapitalNominativesubject of nominal clause (with implied 'was')→ participant prominenceἐπίθεμα: 'capital / that set on top'; the crowning member above the sides.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with μέλαθρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέλαθρονbeamNominativesubject (resumptive: 'the beam')→ participant prominenceμέλαθρον: 'beam'; the resumptive subject of the final clause specifying its position 'at the thickness.'
τῷat theDativearticle (with πάχει; dative of location)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάχειthicknessDativedative of location / respect ('at the thickness')→ sphere or referenceπάχος: 'thickness'; here the beam is positioned at the level of the pillar's thickness / breadth.
10

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὴν θάλασσαν δέκα ἐν πήχει ἀπὸ τοῦ χείλους αὐτῆς ἕως τοῦ χείλους αὐτῆς στρογγύλον κύκλῳ τὸ αὐτό πέντε ἐν πήχει τὸ ὕψος αὐτῆς καὶ συνηγμένοι τρεῖς καὶ τριάκοντα ἐν πήχει ἐκύκλουν αὐτήν

And he made the Sea, ten cubits from its rim to its rim, round all about, the same; five cubits was its height, and a line of thirty-three cubits encompassed it.

New item in the bronze-catalogue: the molten Seaκαὶ ἐποίησεν τὴν θάλασσαν
The great bronze laver, called 'the Sea' (ἡ θάλασσα), is introduced with its dimensions: ten cubits in diameter, five high, and a circumference reckoned at thirty-three cubits. The phrase στρογγύλον κύκλῳ τὸ αὐτό ('round about, the same') stresses its perfect circularity. The Sea served for the priests' ablutions and symbolized the cosmic waters.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; introduces the next major bronze item.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θάλασσαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανSeaAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; the technical name for the huge bronze basin in the temple court, the 'molten Sea,' used for priestly washing (cf. 2 Chr 4:6).
δέκαtennumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; the diameter of the Sea in cubits.
ἐνin / bypreposition + dative (measure: 'in cubit-measure')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here in the measuring idiom ἐν πήχει ('by the cubit'), a Hebraism (בָּאַמָּה) for stating dimensions.
πήχειcubitDativedative of measure (with ἐν: 'by the cubit')→ sphere or referenceπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the singular ἐν πήχει = 'in cubit-measure,' i.e. 'cubits.'
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting point of diameter)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting point of diameter).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with χείλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλουςrim / lipGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationχεῖλος: 'lip / edge / rim / brink'; renders שָׂפָה; here the rim of the basin; the diameter is measured rim to rim.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the Sea's rim)→ relational specificationαὐτός: pronoun; 'its' (the Sea's, feminine).
ἕωςto / as far aspreposition + genitive (end point of diameter)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; with ἀπό marks the full span rim-to-rim.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with χείλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλουςrim / lipGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationχεῖλος: 'rim'; the opposite rim, completing the diameter measurement.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
στρογγύλονroundAccusativepredicate adjective (describing the Sea: 'round')→ object specificationστρογγύλος: 'round / circular'; describes the Sea's circular form; recurs of the stand-tops (v.21).
κύκλῳall aroundDativeadverbial dative ('round about')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: 'circle / ring'; the dative κύκλῳ is used adverbially = 'round about / in a circle.'
τὸtheNominativearticle (with αὐτό)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόthe sameNominativepredicate (τὸ αὐτό: 'the same' all around)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'same'; the articular τὸ αὐτό emphasizes uniform circularity — the same measure in every direction.
πέντεfivenumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; the height of the Sea in cubits.
ἐνin / bypreposition + dative (measure)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (measure).
πήχειcubitDativedative of measure→ sphere or referenceπῆχυς: 'cubit'; cubit-measure of the height.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὕψος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςheightNominativesubject of nominal clause (the Sea's height)→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; the vertical measure of the Sea, five cubits.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνηγμένοιgathered / a line ofPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · συνάγωparticiple (substantival: 'a [line] gathered together' = the measuring line)→ resultative perfectσυνάγω: 'gather / bring together'; the perfect participle here describes the circumference as a continuous 'gathered' measure (a measuring-cord) running thirty-three cubits round the Sea.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (with τριάκοντα = thirty-three)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; declinable numeral; with τριάκοντα gives 'thirty-three' cubits of circumference.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtynumeral (with τρεῖς; indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; indeclinable; τρεῖς καὶ τριάκοντα = 'thirty-three.'
ἐνin / bypreposition + dative (measure)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (measure).
πήχειcubitDativedative of measure→ sphere or referenceπῆχυς: 'cubit'; cubit-measure of the circumference.
ἐκύκλουνencircledImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · κυκλόωverb (the measuring line 'went round' the Sea)→ descriptive imperfectκυκλόω: 'encircle / go round'; the imperfect describes the circumference running around the Sea.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of ἐκύκλουν (the Sea)→ participant referenceαὐτός: pronoun; accusative feminine αὐτήν = 'it' (the Sea).
11

καὶ ὑποστηρίγματα ὑποκάτωθεν τοῦ χείλους αὐτῆς κυκλόθεν ἐκύκλουν αὐτήν δέκα ἐν πήχει κυκλόθεν ἀνιστᾶν τὴν θάλασσαν

And supports underneath its rim round about encircled it, ten to the cubit round about, holding up the Sea.

Continuation: the supports beneath the Sea's rimκαὶ ὑποστηρίγματα
Beneath the rim run encircling supports (ὑποστηρίγματα) — gourd- or knob-like ornaments in the MT — ten to the cubit, ringing the basin and, the verse adds, serving to bear up the Sea (ἀνιστᾶν τὴν θάλασσαν). The repeated κυκλόθεν underscores the continuous girdling band.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποστηρίγματαsupportsNominativesubject of clause→ participant prominenceὑποστήριγμα: 'support / prop / stay'; renders the gourd-shaped ornaments (פְּקָעִים) beneath the rim, understood by the translator as bracing supports.
ὑποκάτωθενunderneathimproper preposition + genitive (position: 'below')→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτωθεν: 'from below / underneath'; adverb used prepositionally with the genitive.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with χείλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλουςrimGenitivegenitive object of ὑποκάτωθεν→ relational specificationχεῖλος: 'rim / lip'; the rim of the Sea, beneath which the supports ran.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
κυκλόθενround aboutadverb of place ('all around')→ clausal contributionκυκλόθεν: 'round about / from all sides'; adverb; here marking the encircling band of supports.
ἐκύκλουνencircledImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · κυκλόωmain verb→ descriptive imperfectκυκλόω: 'encircle'; the supports ringed the Sea continuously.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of ἐκύκλουν→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it' (the Sea).
δέκαtennumeral (measure: ten per cubit; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; ten supports to the cubit, marking their close spacing.
ἐνin / perpreposition + dative (measure / ratio)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (measure / ratio).
πήχειcubitDativedative of measure ('per cubit')→ sphere or referenceπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the unit of the supports' spacing — ten per cubit.
κυκλόθενround aboutadverb of place (repeated for emphasis)→ clausal contributionκυκλόθεν: 'round about'; repeated to stress the unbroken girdle of supports.
ἀνιστᾶνto raise up / holding upPres Act Inf · ἀνίστημιinfinitive of purpose / result (function of the supports)→ purpose / result infinitiveἀνίστημι: 'raise up / set up / hold up'; the present active infinitive expresses the supports' function — to bear up and hold the great Sea aloft.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θάλασσαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανSeaAccusativedirect object of ἀνιστᾶν→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'Sea'; the basin held up by the encircling supports.
12

καὶ τὸ χεῖλος αὐτῆς ὡς ἔργον χείλους ποτηρίου βλαστὸς κρίνου καὶ τὸ πάχος αὐτοῦ παλαιστής

And its rim was like the work of the rim of a cup, a lily-blossom; and its thickness was a handbreadth.

Closing detail of the Sea: rim shape and thicknessκαὶ τὸ χεῖλος αὐτῆς
The rim is finished like a cup's lip, flaring into a lily-blossom (βλαστὸς κρίνου) — the same lily-motif as on the pillars (v.8) — and is a handbreadth (παλαιστής) thick. The simile (ὡς ἔργον χείλους ποτηρίου) likens the great basin to a finely wrought drinking-vessel.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with χεῖλος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖλοςrim / lipNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: 'rim / lip'; the edge of the Sea, here described for its shape.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (the Sea's).
ὡςlike / ascomparative particle (introducing simile)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / like'; introduces the comparison of the rim to a cup's lip.
ἔργονworkNominativepredicate (object of comparison: 'like the work of')→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work / craftsmanship'; here the wrought lip of a cup as the standard of comparison.
χείλουςof the rimGenitivegenitive of relationship (the rim of a cup)→ relational specificationχεῖλος: 'rim / lip'; the lip of the cup to which the Sea's rim is likened.
ποτηρίουof a cupGenitivegenitive of possession (the cup's rim)→ relational specificationποτήριον: 'cup / drinking-vessel'; renders כּוֹס; the rim of the Sea flared like that of a fine cup.
βλαστὸςblossom / budNominativeappositional (further description: 'a lily-blossom')→ participant prominenceβλαστός: 'sprout / bud / blossom'; here the lily-flower shape of the rim; βλαστὸς κρίνου = 'a lily-blossom.'
κρίνουof a lilyGenitivegenitive of content (lily-blossom)→ relational specificationκρίνον: 'lily'; the same floral motif as the pillar-capitals (v.8), here forming the flaring rim of the Sea.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with πάχος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάχοςthicknessNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceπάχος: 'thickness'; the gauge of the Sea's wall — a handbreadth.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the rim's thickness)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its'; masculine αὐτοῦ refers to the rim (χεῖλος, neuter) or the Sea's wall by sense-construction.
παλαιστήςa handbreadthNominativepredicate nominative (the measure of thickness)→ participant prominenceπαλαιστή: 'handbreadth / palm' (a small unit, c. 7.5 cm, the width of four fingers); renders טֶפַח; the wall-thickness of the Sea.
13

καὶ δώδεκα βόες ὑποκάτω τῆς θαλάσσης οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες βορρᾶν καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες θάλασσαν καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες νότον καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἐπιβλέποντες ἀνατολήν καὶ πάντα τὰ ὀπίσθια εἰς τὸν οἶκον καὶ ἡ θάλασσα ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐπάνωθεν

And twelve oxen were underneath the Sea: the three looking toward the north, and the three looking toward the west, and the three looking toward the south, and the three looking toward the east, and all their hindquarters toward the house; and the Sea was upon them above.

Continuation: the twelve oxen supporting the Seaκαὶ δώδεκα βόες
The Sea rests upon twelve bronze oxen arranged in four triads facing the cardinal directions (north, west, south, east), their hindquarters turned inward toward the house. The configuration — twelve oxen for the twelve tribes, facing outward to the four quarters — gives the basin a cosmic, all-Israel symbolism.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (modifying βόες; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionδώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable; the twelve oxen evoke the twelve tribes of Israel.
βόεςoxenNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceβοῦς: 'ox / bull / cow'; renders בָּקָר; the twelve cast oxen bearing the Sea on their backs.
ὑποκάτωunderneathimproper preposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: 'under / beneath'; adverb used prepositionally with the genitive.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θαλάσσης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςSeaGenitivegenitive object of ὑποκάτω→ relational specificationθάλασσα: 'Sea'; the basin supported by the oxen.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with τρεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral substantive (the first triad)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; one of four triads of oxen, each facing a compass direction.
ἐπιβλέποντεςlooking towardPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἐπιβλέπωattributive participle (modifying οἱ τρεῖς)→ descriptive present participleἐπιβλέπω: 'look upon / gaze toward / face'; the compound ἐπι- gives directional 'face toward'; describes the orientation of each triad of oxen.
βορρᾶνnorthAccusativeaccusative of direction (object of ἐπιβλέποντες)→ object specificationβορρᾶς: 'north / north wind'; renders צָפוֹן; the direction faced by the first triad.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with τρεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral substantive (second triad)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; the second triad.
ἐπιβλέποντεςlooking towardPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἐπιβλέπωattributive participle→ descriptive present participleἐπιβλέπω: 'face toward'; orientation of the second triad.
θάλασσανthe sea / westAccusativeaccusative of direction→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; here a directional term = 'west' (toward the Mediterranean), rendering יָם, which in Hebrew also means 'westward.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with τρεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral substantive (third triad)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; the third triad.
ἐπιβλέποντεςlooking towardPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἐπιβλέπωattributive participle→ descriptive present participleἐπιβλέπω: 'face toward'; orientation of the third triad.
νότονsouthAccusativeaccusative of direction→ object specificationνότος: 'south / south wind'; renders נֶגֶב / דָּרוֹם; the direction faced by the third triad.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with τρεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral substantive (fourth triad)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; the fourth triad.
ἐπιβλέποντεςlooking towardPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἐπιβλέπωattributive participle→ descriptive present participleἐπιβλέπω: 'face toward'; orientation of the fourth triad.
ἀνατολήνeastAccusativeaccusative of direction→ object specificationἀνατολή: 'rising (of the sun) / east'; renders מִזְרָח / קֶדֶם; the direction faced by the fourth triad.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ὀπίσθια)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural agreeing with ὀπίσθια — all the hindquarters.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὀπίσθια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσθιαhindquartersNominativesubject of nominal clause (the oxen's rears)→ participant prominenceὀπίσθιος: 'hinder / rear'; substantivized neuter plural τὰ ὀπίσθια = 'the hind parts'; the oxen's rears turned inward toward the temple.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the temple, toward which the rears face)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple; the oxen faced outward, hindquarters toward the house.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with θάλασσα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσαSeaNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: 'Sea'; the basin set on top of the oxen.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (elided; position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; position).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the oxen)→ relational specificationαὐτός: pronoun; 'them' (the oxen), on whose backs the Sea rested.
ἐπάνωθενaboveadverb of place (reinforcing 'upon, above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνωθεν: 'above / on top'; reinforces that the Sea sat atop the oxen.
14

καὶ ἐποίησεν δέκα μεχωνωθ χαλκᾶς πέντε πήχεις μῆκος τῆς μεχωνωθ τῆς μιᾶς καὶ τέσσαρες πήχεις πλάτος αὐτῆς καὶ ἓξ ἐν πήχει ὕψος αὐτῆς

And he made ten bronze stands: five cubits was the length of the one stand, and four cubits its breadth, and six cubits its height.

New item in the bronze-catalogue: the ten standsκαὶ ἐποίησεν δέκα μεχωνωθ
Attention turns to the ten wheeled bronze stands (μεχωνωθ, a transliterated Hebrew plural) that bore the lavers. The dimensions of a representative stand are given — five by four by six cubits. The transliterated term recurs throughout vv.14–25, 29 as the technical name for these mobile bases.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; introduces the manufacture of the ten stands.
δέκαtennumeral (modifying μεχωνωθ; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the number of stands.
μεχωνωθstands / basesdirect object of ἐποίησεν (transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: transliteration of Hebrew מְכֹנוֹת ('stands / bases'); indeclinable; the wheeled bronze carts that supported the lavers; the translator leaves the plural Hebrew form untranslated.
χαλκᾶςof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (material, agreeing with the sense-feminine μεχωνωθ)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; feminine accusative plural χαλκᾶς construes the indeclinable μεχωνωθ as feminine plural — 'bronze stands.'
πέντεfivenumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; the length of a stand in cubits.
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; unit of the length measurement.
μῆκοςlengthNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceμῆκος: 'length'; renders אֹרֶךְ; the longest horizontal dimension of the stand.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandgenitive of reference (the length of the stand; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand'; the surrounding article τῆς supplies the genitive sense, the noun itself indeclinable.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μιᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾶςoneGenitiveattributive numeral ('the one [representative] stand')→ relational specificationεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; genitive μιᾶς; 'the one stand,' taken as the type whose measurements apply to all ten.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (measure)→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; the breadth of a stand in cubits.
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; unit of breadth.
πλάτοςbreadth / widthNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceπλάτος: 'breadth / width'; renders רֹחַב; the horizontal cross-dimension of the stand.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (the stand's, feminine).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἓξsixnumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionἕξ: 'six'; indeclinable; the height of a stand in cubits.
ἐνin / bypreposition + dative (measure)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (measure).
πήχειcubitDativedative of measure→ sphere or referenceπῆχυς: 'cubit'; cubit-measure of the height.
ὕψοςheightNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; the vertical measure of the stand.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
15

καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον τῶν μεχωνωθ σύγκλειστον αὐτοῖς καὶ σύγκλειστον ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ἐξεχομένων

And this was the workmanship of the stands: panel-work on them, and panel-work between the projecting borders.

Description of the stands' construction (panel-work)καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον
The stands' construction is described as σύγκλειστον — closed / paneled framework set between projecting borders (τῶν ἐξεχομένων). The recurring vocabulary σύγκλειστον / συγκλείσματα / ἐξεχόμενα (vv.15–16, 21–22) denotes the framed and recessed panels that carried the figured ornamentation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'this was the work')→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative; τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον introduces the description of the stands' construction.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἔργον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονwork / workmanshipNominativepredicate nominative (with τοῦτο)→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work / workmanship'; here the construction-pattern of the stands.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandsgenitive of reference (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stands'; the workmanship belongs to the stands.
σύγκλειστονpanel-work / closed framingNominativepredicate adjective (substantival: 'paneled work')→ participant prominenceσύγκλειστος: 'closed up / fitted together / paneled' (verbal adjective from συγκλείω); renders מִסְגֶּרֶת ('frame / border / panel'); the framed panels of the stands.
αὐτοῖςon themDativedative of reference / location ('on them')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: pronoun; dative αὐτοῖς = 'on / for them' (the stands).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύγκλειστονpanel-workNominativepredicate adjective (repeated: paneling between borders)→ participant prominenceσύγκλειστος: 'paneled'; repeated — the panel-work was set between the projecting borders.
ἀνὰup / betweenpreposition (in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον: 'between')→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: distributive preposition; in the fixed idiom ἀνὰ μέσον + gen. = 'between / in the midst of,' a Hebraism for בֵּין.
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον ('between')→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle'; in ἀνὰ μέσον = 'between.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἐξεχομένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξεχομένωνprojecting bordersPres Mid/Pass Ptc Gen Pl Neut · ἐξέχωsubstantival participle (genitive: 'the things projecting')→ descriptive present participleἐξέχω: 'project / jut out / stand out'; the substantival participle τὰ ἐξεχόμενα = 'the projecting parts / borders / ledges' between which the panels were set (cf. vv.16, 21).
16

καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα αὐτῶν ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ἐξεχομένων λέοντες καὶ βόες καὶ χερουβιν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐξεχομένων οὕτως καὶ ἐπάνωθεν καὶ ὑποκάτωθεν τῶν λεόντων καὶ τῶν βοῶν χῶραι ἔργον καταβάσεως

And upon their panels, between the projecting borders, were lions and oxen and cherubim; and upon the projecting borders likewise; and above and beneath the lions and the oxen were spaces, hanging work.

Figured ornamentation of the standsκαὶ ἐπὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα
The recessed panels (συγκλείσματα) between the borders bear figures of lions, oxen, and cherubim, as do the projecting borders themselves; above and below the lions and oxen are spaces of 'hanging work' (ἔργον καταβάσεως), wreath-like pendants. The triad lion-ox-cherub recalls the throne-bearers of Ezekiel's vision and the heraldic guardian-creatures of the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with συγκλείσματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγκλείσματαpanelsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationσύγκλεισμα: 'panel / closed frame'; renders מִסְגֶּרֶת; the framed recessed panels of the stands that carried the figures.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the stands' panels)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their' (the stands').
ἀνὰbetweenpreposition (idiom ἀνὰ μέσον)→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: in ἀνὰ μέσον = 'between.'
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle'; 'between.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἐξεχομένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξεχομένωνprojecting bordersPres Mid/Pass Ptc Gen Pl Neut · ἐξέχωsubstantival participle (genitive)→ descriptive present participleἐξέχω: 'project'; τὰ ἐξεχόμενα = 'the projecting borders,' between which the panels lay.
λέοντεςlionsNominativesubject of nominal clause (the figures)→ participant prominenceλέων: 'lion'; renders אֲרִי / אֲרָיוֹת; one of the three figured creatures on the panels, a royal and guardian emblem.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόεςoxenNominativesubject (figure)→ participant prominenceβοῦς: 'ox'; the second figured creature on the panels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χερουβινcherubimsubject (figure; transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionχερουβιν: transliteration of Hebrew כְּרוּבִים ('cherubim'); indeclinable; the winged guardian-creatures of the sanctuary, third of the figured triad (cf. the cherubim over the ark, Exod 25:18–20).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἐξεχομένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξεχομένωνprojecting bordersPres Mid/Pass Ptc Gen Pl Neut · ἐξέχωsubstantival participle (genitive object of ἐπί)→ descriptive present participleἐξέχω: 'project'; the same figures appeared on the projecting borders as on the panels.
οὕτωςlikewiseadverb of manner ('in the same way')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / likewise'; the borders were figured 'in the same way' as the panels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωθενaboveadverb of place ('above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνωθεν: 'above / on top'; marks the upper region around the lions and oxen.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποκάτωθενbeneathimproper preposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτωθεν: 'beneath / from below'; with the following genitive, marks the region below the figures.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with λεόντων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λεόντωνlionsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπάνωθεν / ὑποκάτωθεν→ relational specificationλέων: 'lion'; the lion-figures, above and below which were the wreath-spaces.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with βοῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοῶνoxenGenitivegenitive object of ἐπάνωθεν / ὑποκάτωθεν→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'ox'; the ox-figures, above and below which were the wreath-spaces.
χῶραιspacesNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceχώρα: 'space / room / place / field'; here the open ground or recessed fields around the figures, filled with hanging ornament; recurs of the palace paneling (vv.41–42).
ἔργονworkNominativeappositional (defining the spaces: 'hanging work')→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work'; in apposition, identifying the spaces as ornamental 'hanging work.'
καταβάσεωςof descent / hangingGenitivegenitive of quality (ἔργον καταβάσεως: 'pendant / hanging work')→ relational specificationκατάβασις: 'descent / going down'; ἔργον καταβάσεως = 'work of descent,' i.e. pendant, drooping wreath-work hanging down around the figures.
17

καὶ τέσσαρες τροχοὶ χαλκοῖ τῇ μεχωνωθ τῇ μιᾷ καὶ τὰ προσέχοντα χαλκᾶ καὶ τέσσαρα μέρη αὐτῶν ὠμίαι ὑποκάτω τῶν λουτήρων

And four bronze wheels belonged to the one stand, and their attachments were of bronze, and their four parts were shoulder-pieces beneath the lavers.

Continuation: the wheels and supports of the standsκαὶ τέσσαρες τροχοὶ
Each stand has four bronze wheels with their fittings (τὰ προσέχοντα, the axle-attachments) and four corner shoulder-pieces (ὠμίαι) that supported the laver above. The wheeled construction made the stands mobile carts for moving the lavers of water.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (modifying τροχοί)→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; four wheels per stand.
τροχοὶwheelsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceτροχός: 'wheel'; renders אוֹפַן; the bronze wheels that made the stands mobile.
χαλκοῖof bronzeNominativeattributive adjective (material)→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the wheels' material.
τῇto theDativearticle (with μεχωνωθ; dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstanddative of possession ('to the stand'; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand'; dative of possession — the wheels belong to the stand.
τῇtheDativearticle (with μιᾷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾷoneDativeattributive numeral ('the one stand')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; dative μιᾷ; the representative single stand.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with προσέχοντα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσέχονταattachments / axle-fittingsPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Neut · προσέχωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the attached parts')→ descriptive present participleπροσέχω: 'hold to / attach / adjoin'; the substantival participle τὰ προσέχοντα = 'the things attached,' the axle-fittings and supports joining the wheels to the stand.
χαλκᾶof bronzeNominativepredicate adjective (material)→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the attachments too were bronze.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέσσαραfourNominativenumeral (modifying μέρη)→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; neuter τέσσαρα agreeing with μέρη; the four parts / corners.
μέρηpartsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceμέρος: 'part / portion / side'; the four parts (corners) of the stand bearing the shoulder-pieces.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their' (the stands').
ὠμίαιshoulder-piecesNominativepredicate nominative (the parts were shoulder-pieces)→ participant prominenceὠμία: 'shoulder-piece / shoulder-support' (from ὦμος, 'shoulder'); renders כָּתֵף; the corner brackets that bore the laver, like shoulders carrying a burden (cf. vv.20, 25).
ὑποκάτωbeneathimproper preposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: 'under / beneath'; with the genitive of the lavers.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with λουτήρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λουτήρωνlavers / basinsGenitivegenitive object of ὑποκάτω→ relational specificationλουτήρ: 'laver / washing-basin'; renders כִּיּוֹר; the water-basins set on top of the stands, beneath which the shoulder-pieces sat.
18

καὶ χεῖρες ἐν τοῖς τροχοῖς ἐν τῇ μεχωνωθ καὶ τὸ ὕψος τοῦ τροχοῦ τοῦ ἑνὸς πήχεος καὶ ἡμίσους

And there were supports on the wheels in the stand, and the height of the one wheel was a cubit and a half.

Continuation: the wheel-supports and wheel dimensionsκαὶ χεῖρες ἐν τοῖς τροχοῖς
The wheels are fitted with χεῖρες ('hands,' i.e. axle-supports / handles), and each wheel stands a cubit and a half high. The term χεῖρες, literally 'hands,' is the LXX's idiom for the projecting supports or axle-arms of the wheelwork.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεῖρεςsupports / axle-armsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceχείρ: 'hand'; here in the technical sense of 'support / arm / axle-handle,' the projecting brackets holding the wheels (cf. v.19); renders יָד used of an architectural 'support.'
ἐνin / onpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with τροχοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχοῖςwheelsDativedative of location (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceτροχός: 'wheel'; the wheels on which the supports were set.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῇtheDativearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstanddative of location (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand'; the wheels and supports were set within the stand.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὕψος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςheightNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; the diameter / height of a wheel.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with τροχοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχοῦwheelGenitivegenitive of reference (the height of the wheel)→ relational specificationτροχός: 'wheel'; the representative single wheel.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἑνὸς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὸςoneGenitiveattributive numeral ('the one wheel')→ relational specificationεἷς: 'one'; genitive ἑνός; the single representative wheel.
πήχεοςof a cubitGenitivegenitive of measure (the height = a cubit ...)→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; genitive of measure; the wheel's height was a cubit and a half.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμίσουςa halfGenitivegenitive of measure (with πήχεος: 'and a half')→ relational specificationἥμισυς: 'half'; genitive ἡμίσους; πήχεος καὶ ἡμίσους = 'a cubit and a half.'
19

καὶ τὸ ἔργον τῶν τροχῶν ἔργον τροχῶν ἅρματος αἱ χεῖρες αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ νῶτοι αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ πραγματεία αὐτῶν τὰ πάντα χωνευτά

And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot's wheels; their supports and their rims and their fittings were all cast.

Continuation: the chariot-like make of the wheelsκαὶ τὸ ἔργον τῶν τροχῶν
The wheels are likened to chariot-wheels (ἔργον τροχῶν ἅρματος), and all their components — supports (χεῖρες), rims/backs (νῶτοι), and the whole assembly (πραγματεία) — were cast in bronze (χωνευτά), a single mold-cast unit rather than assembled parts.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἔργον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονwork / makeNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work / construction'; the make of the wheels.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with τροχῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχῶνwheelsGenitivegenitive of reference (the make of the wheels)→ relational specificationτροχός: 'wheel'; the wheels whose construction is described.
ἔργονwork / makeNominativepredicate (comparison: 'like the make of')→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work'; in apposition / comparison — the make resembled chariot-wheel construction.
τροχῶνof wheelsGenitivegenitive of reference (chariot wheels)→ relational specificationτροχός: 'wheel'; the standard of comparison — chariot wheels.
ἅρματοςof a chariotGenitivegenitive of possession (a chariot's wheels)→ relational specificationἅρμα: 'chariot'; renders מֶרְכָּבָה; the wheels were made like a chariot's, suggesting fine, spoked, mobile construction.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with χεῖρες)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςsupportsNominativesubject (one component listed)→ participant prominenceχείρ: 'hand'; here the axle-supports / arms of the wheelwork (cf. v.18).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their' (the wheels').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with νῶτοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νῶτοιrims / backsNominativesubject (component)→ participant prominenceνῶτος: 'back / rim'; here the rims / felloes of the wheels (the outer 'backs').
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with πραγματεία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πραγματείαapparatus / fittingsNominativesubject (the whole assembly)→ participant prominenceπραγματεία: 'business / undertaking / apparatus'; here the entire working assembly / mechanism of the wheels and their fittings.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
τὰtheNominativearticle (with πάντα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallNominativesubject summation ('all of them')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural τὰ πάντα summing up all the wheel-components.
χωνευτάcastNominativepredicate adjective (all were cast)→ participant prominenceχωνευτός: 'cast / molten'; verbal adjective from χωνεύω; the whole wheel-assembly was a single bronze casting.
20

αἱ τέσσαρες ὠμίαι ἐπὶ τῶν τεσσάρων γωνιῶν τῆς μεχωνωθ τῆς μιᾶς ἐκ τῆς μεχωνωθ οἱ ὦμοι αὐτῆς

The four shoulder-pieces were upon the four corners of the one stand; out of the stand itself were its shoulders.

Continuation: the corner shoulder-pieces of the standsαἱ τέσσαρες ὠμίαι
The four shoulder-pieces (ὠμίαι) sit at the four corners of each stand and are integral to it — its 'shoulders' rising from the stand itself (ἐκ τῆς μεχωνωθ), not bolted on. The asyndeton (no opening καί) marks a clarifying restatement of the corner-supports of v.17.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
αἱtheNominativearticle (with ὠμίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (modifying ὠμίαι)→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; one shoulder-piece per corner.
ὠμίαιshoulder-piecesNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceὠμία: 'shoulder-piece / corner-support'; the four corner brackets of the stand.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with γωνιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεσσάρωνfourGenitivenumeral (modifying γωνιῶν)→ relational specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; genitive τεσσάρων; the four corners.
γωνιῶνcornersGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationγωνία: 'corner / angle'; renders פִּנָּה / מִקְצֹעַ; the four corners of the rectangular stand.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandgenitive of possession (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand'; the corners belong to the stand.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μιᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾶςoneGenitiveattributive numeral ('the one stand')→ relational specificationεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the representative single stand.
ἐκout of / frompreposition + genitive (source: integral origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'out of'; here stressing that the shoulders rose from the stand itself as one integral casting.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandgenitive object of ἐκ (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand'; the shoulders were of one piece with the stand.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ὦμοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦμοιshouldersNominativesubject (restating the supports as the stand's 'shoulders')→ participant prominenceὦμος: 'shoulder'; the supports are called the stand's own 'shoulders,' rising integrally from it.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the stand's shoulders)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (the stand's).
21

καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς τῆς μεχωνωθ ἥμισυ τοῦ πήχεος μέγεθος στρογγύλον κύκλῳ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς τῆς μεχωνωθ καὶ ἀρχὴ χειρῶν αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα αὐτῆς καὶ ἠνοίγετο ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῆς

And upon the head of the stand there was half a cubit's size, round all about, upon the head of the stand; and the base of its supports and its panels; and it opened out upon the bases of its supports.

Continuation: the round crown atop each standκαὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς
On the top (κεφαλή) of each stand is a round rim half a cubit high, the seat for the laver, together with the bases of the supports and the panels; the stand 'opened out' (ἠνοίγετο) at the bases of its supports — i.e. the recessed mouth that received the basin. The vocabulary is technical and the precise mechanism obscure, but the picture is of a circular collar crowning the cart to hold its laver.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κεφαλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςhead / topGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationκεφαλή: 'head / top'; the top of the stand, where the laver-collar sat.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandgenitive of possession (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand'; the stand whose top is described.
ἥμισυhalfNominativesubstantival (the measure: 'half a cubit')→ participant prominenceἥμισυς: 'half'; neuter ἥμισυ; ἥμισυ τοῦ πήχεος = 'half a cubit,' the height of the round collar.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with πήχεος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πήχεοςof a cubitGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἥμισυ)→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; partitive genitive — 'half of the cubit.'
μέγεθοςsize / extentNominativeappositional (defining the dimension: 'a size')→ participant prominenceμέγεθος: 'greatness / size / magnitude'; here the dimension of the round collar.
στρογγύλονroundNominativeattributive adjective (the collar was round)→ participant prominenceστρογγύλος: 'round / circular'; the collar was circular, like the Sea (v.10).
κύκλῳall aroundDativeadverbial dative ('round about')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: 'circle'; dative κύκλῳ used adverbially = 'round about.'
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position, repeated)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position, repeated).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κεφαλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςhead / topGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (repeated)→ relational specificationκεφαλή: 'head / top'; repeated, locating the collar firmly atop the stand.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandgenitive of possession (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρχὴbase / beginningNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceἀρχή: 'beginning / origin / base'; here the base / root from which the supports rise.
χειρῶνof the supportsGenitivegenitive of possession (the base of the supports)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; here the axle-supports / arms (cf. vv.18–19).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the stand's)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with συγκλείσματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγκλείσματαpanelsNominativesubject (the stand's panels)→ participant prominenceσύγκλεισμα: 'panel / closed frame'; the framed panels of the stand (cf. v.16).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠνοίγετοit opened outImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀνοίγωmain verb (the collar/mouth opened upon the supports)→ descriptive imperfectἀνοίγω: 'open'; the imperfect passive ἠνοίγετο describes the recessed mouth of the collar opening out over the bases of the supports to receive the laver.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (extent / direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (extent / direction).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀρχὰς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχὰςbasesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἀρχή: 'base / beginning'; the bases / roots of the supports onto which the mouth opened.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with χειρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνsupportsGenitivegenitive of possession (the supports' bases)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand / support'; the axle-supports of the stand.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (the stand's).
22

καὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα αὐτῆς χερουβιν καὶ λέοντες καὶ φοίνικες ἑστῶτα ἐχόμενον ἕκαστον κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἔσω καὶ τὰ κυκλόθεν

And its panels were cherubim and lions and palm-trees standing, each one adjoining, facing inward, and round about.

Continuation: the figured panels of the standsκαὶ τὰ συγκλείσματα αὐτῆς
The panels bear standing figures of cherubim, lions, and palm-trees (φοίνικες), each adjoining the next and facing inward, all around the stand. The palm-tree joins the lion-and-cherub motif of v.16; the triad cherub-lion-palm mirrors the carved decoration of the temple walls and doors (3 Kgdms 6:29, 32).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with συγκλείσματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγκλείσματαpanelsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceσύγκλεισμα: 'panel'; the framed panels carrying the figures.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (the stand's).
χερουβινcherubimpredicate (figure; transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionχερουβιν: transliterated כְּרוּבִים; indeclinable; the cherubim figured on the panels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέοντεςlionsNominativepredicate (figure)→ participant prominenceλέων: 'lion'; the lion-figures.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοίνικεςpalm-treesNominativepredicate (figure)→ participant prominenceφοῖνιξ: 'palm-tree / date-palm'; renders תִּמֹרָה; the palm-tree, a stock temple-decoration motif (cf. 3 Kgdms 6:29).
ἑστῶταstandingPerf Act Ptc Nom Pl Neut · ἵστημιattributive participle (the figures standing)→ stative perfect participle ('in a standing posture')ἵστημι: the perfect participle ἑστώς ('standing / set up') describes the figures in upright posture on the panels; neuter plural by attraction to the collective sense.
ἐχόμενονadjoiningPres Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Sg Neut · ἔχωparticiple (distributive with ἕκαστον: 'each adjoining')→ descriptive present participleἔχω (mid. ἔχομαι): 'hold to / be next to / adjoin'; the middle participle ἐχόμενον = 'adjoining / next,' marking the figures set side by side, each touching the next.
ἕκαστονeach oneNominativedistributive pronoun (subject of the participial phrase)→ participant referenceἕκαστος: 'each'; distributive — each figure adjoining the next.
κατὰfacing / according topreposition + accusative (orientation)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'facing / toward'; in κατὰ πρόσωπον = 'facing / in front.'
πρόσωπονfaceAccusativeaccusative in idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον ('facing')→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; renders פָּנִים; κατὰ πρόσωπον = 'facing forward,' the orientation of each figure.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (each figure's own face)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (each figure's).
ἔσωwithin / inwardadverb of place ('inward')→ clausal contributionἔσω: 'within / inside / inward'; the figures faced inward.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (substantivizing κυκλόθεν: 'the surroundings')→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυκλόθενround aboutadverb substantivized by τά ('the parts round about')→ clausal contributionκυκλόθεν: 'round about'; with the article τὰ κυκλόθεν = 'the surrounding parts,' i.e. the figures continued all around the stand.
23

κατ᾿ αὐτὴν ἐποίησεν πάσας τὰς δέκα μεχωνωθ τάξιν μίαν καὶ μέτρον ἓν πάσαις

After the same pattern he made all the ten stands: one arrangement and one measure for them all.

Summary: the uniformity of all ten standsκατ᾿ αὐτὴν ἐποίησεν
A summarizing note: all ten stands were made to the same pattern (κατ᾿ αὐτήν), with one arrangement (τάξιν μίαν) and one measure (μέτρον ἕν). The emphasis on uniformity completes the stand-account and parallels the matched-pair refrains of the pillars.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (pattern / standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / after the manner of'; κατ᾿ αὐτήν = 'after the same (pattern).'
αὐτὴνthe same / itAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (the model stand)→ participant referenceαὐτός: pronoun; here 'it / the same (one),' the representative stand serving as the pattern for all.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ summary aoristποιέω: 'make'; the summarizing statement of the stands' uniform manufacture.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying μεχωνωθ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; feminine accusative plural πάσας construing μεχωνωθ as feminine plural — 'all the stands.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέκαtennumeral (modifying μεχωνωθ; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the ten stands.
μεχωνωθstandsdirect object of ἐποίησεν (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stands'; all ten made alike.
τάξινarrangement / orderAccusativeaccusative of respect / appositional (one arrangement)→ object specificationτάξις: 'order / arrangement / rank'; here the single uniform design-pattern of all the stands.
μίανoneAccusativeattributive numeral (modifying τάξιν)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; one and the same arrangement.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέτρονmeasureAccusativeaccusative of respect / appositional (one measure)→ object specificationμέτρον: 'measure / dimension'; renders מִדָּה; one and the same dimensions for all the stands.
ἓνoneAccusativeattributive numeral (modifying μέτρον)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; neuter ἕν agreeing with μέτρον.
πάσαιςfor allDativedative of reference (for all the stands)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; feminine dative plural — 'for them all.'
24

καὶ ἐποίησεν δέκα χυτροκαύλους χαλκοῦς τεσσαράκοντα χοεῖς χωροῦντα τὸν χυτρόκαυλον τὸν ἕνα μετρήσει ὁ χυτρόκαυλος ὁ εἷς ἐπὶ τῆς μεχωνωθ τῆς μιᾶς ταῖς δέκα μεχωνωθ

And he made ten bronze basins, the one basin holding forty measures; the one basin would measure that much, upon the one stand, for the ten stands.

New item: the ten bronze basins (lavers) for the standsκαὶ ἐποίησεν δέκα χυτροκαύλους
Ten bronze basins (χυτρόκαυλοι, large laver-pots) are made, each holding forty measures (χοεῖς), one set upon each of the ten stands. The verse pairs each laver with its stand, completing the ten-stands / ten-lavers ensemble that flanked the temple court.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; introduces the manufacture of the basins.
δέκαtennumeral (modifying χυτροκαύλους; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; one basin per stand.
χυτροκαύλουςbasins / laver-potsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationχυτρόκαυλος: 'cauldron / large pot / laver-basin' (from χύτρα, 'pot'); renders כִּיּוֹר; the water-basins set on the wheeled stands.
χαλκοῦςof bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (material)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; the basins' material.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (modifying χοεῖς; indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable; the capacity of each basin in choes.
χοεῖςmeasures (choes)Accusativeaccusative of measure (the capacity)→ object specificationχοῦς (χοεύς): a liquid measure (the 'chous,' about 3.3 liters); renders בַּת; each basin held forty such measures.
χωροῦνταholding / containingPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Masc · χωρέωattributive participle (modifying χυτρόκαυλον: 'holding')→ descriptive present participleχωρέω: 'make room / hold / contain'; the participle χωροῦντα describes each basin's holding-capacity (forty measures).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with χυτρόκαυλον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χυτρόκαυλονbasinAccusativeaccusative subject of the participial phrase ('the one basin holding')→ object specificationχυτρόκαυλος: 'basin / laver-pot'; the representative single basin.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἕνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναoneAccusativeattributive numeral ('the one basin')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; accusative ἕνα; the single representative basin.
μετρήσειwould measure / holdFut Act Indic 3 Sg · μετρέωmain verb (gnomic future: 'measures / would hold')→ gnomic future (customary capacity)μετρέω: 'measure / mete out'; the future μετρήσει here expresses the standard capacity each basin would hold — forty measures.
theNominativearticle (with χυτρόκαυλος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χυτρόκαυλοςbasinNominativesubject of μετρήσει→ participant prominenceχυτρόκαυλος: 'basin'; the representative basin as subject.
theNominativearticle (with εἷς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἷςoneNominativeattributive numeral ('the one basin')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; nominative; the single representative basin.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandgenitive object of ἐπί (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stand'; each basin set upon a stand.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μιᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾶςoneGenitiveattributive numeral ('the one stand')→ relational specificationεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single stand bearing the basin.
ταῖςfor theDativearticle (with μεχωνωθ; dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέκαtennumeral (modifying μεχωνωθ; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the ten stands, each with its basin.
μεχωνωθstandsdative of reference ('for the ten stands'; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stands'; one basin distributed to each of the ten stands.
25

καὶ ἔθετο τὰς δέκα μεχωνωθ πέντε ἀπὸ τῆς ὠμίας τοῦ οἴκου ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ πέντε ἀπὸ τῆς ὠμίας τοῦ οἴκου ἐξ ἀριστερῶν καὶ ἡ θάλασσα ἀπὸ τῆς ὠμίας τοῦ οἴκου ἐκ δεξιῶν κατ᾿ ἀνατολὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ κλίτους τοῦ νότου

And he set the ten stands, five from the side of the house on the right and five from the side of the house on the left; and the Sea was set from the side of the house on the right, eastward, toward the south side.

Placement of the stands and the Sea in the temple courtκαὶ ἔθετο τὰς δέκα μεχωνωθ
The ten stands are positioned five on the right (south) and five on the left (north) of the house, and the Sea is placed on the right side toward the southeast. The disposition mirrors the symmetry of the lampstands inside (v.35), framing the court with balanced bronze furnishings.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθετοhe set / placedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · τίθημιmain verb (placement)→ constative aorist (middle, for personal arrangement)τίθημι: 'put / place / set'; the middle ἔθετο = 'he set / disposed (for himself)'; renders נָתַן / שׂוּם; the verb of positioning the stands and Sea in the court.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέκαtennumeral (modifying μεχωνωθ; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the ten stands now positioned.
μεχωνωθstandsdirect object of ἔθετο (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stands.'
πέντεfivenumeral (five on the right; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; five stands on the right side.
ἀπὸfrom / onpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὠμίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὠμίαςside / shoulderGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationὠμία: 'shoulder / side / flank'; here, by extension, the 'side' (flank) of the temple building; renders כָּתֵף ('side / shoulder of a building').
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (the side of the house)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple, whose right and left flanks bore the stands.
ἐκon / frompreposition + genitive (side: 'on the right')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: in ἐκ δεξιῶν = 'on the right(-hand side).'
δεξιῶνthe rightGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (idiom: 'on the right')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right (hand / side)'; substantival genitive plural; ἐκ δεξιῶν = 'on the right,' here the south side.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfivenumeral (five on the left; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; five stands on the left side.
ἀπὸfrom / onpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὠμίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὠμίαςside / shoulderGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationὠμία: 'side / flank' of the house.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple.
ἐξon / frompreposition + genitive (side: 'on the left')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ before vowel): in ἐξ ἀριστερῶν = 'on the left(-hand side).'
ἀριστερῶνthe leftGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (idiom: 'on the left')→ relational specificationἀριστερός: 'left (hand / side)'; substantival genitive plural; ἐξ ἀριστερῶν = 'on the left,' here the north side.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with θάλασσα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσαSeaNominativesubject (the Sea, set on the right)→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: 'Sea'; the great basin, positioned at the southeast corner.
ἀπὸfrom / onpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὠμίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὠμίαςsideGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationὠμία: 'side / flank' of the house.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple.
ἐκon / frompreposition + genitive (side)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (side).
δεξιῶνthe rightGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (on the right)→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; the Sea was on the right (south) flank.
κατ᾿towardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'toward / in the direction of'; κατ᾿ ἀνατολάς = 'eastward.'
ἀνατολὰςthe eastAccusativeaccusative of direction (eastward)→ object specificationἀνατολή: 'east'; accusative plural in the directional idiom κατ᾿ ἀνατολάς = 'eastward.'
ἀπὸfrom / towardpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with κλίτους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτουςsideGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationκλίτος: 'side / flank / quarter'; renders פֵּאָה / צֵלָע; here the southern quarter of the temple precinct.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with νότου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νότουsouthGenitivegenitive of relationship (the south side)→ relational specificationνότος: 'south'; the southern quarter where the Sea stood.
26

καὶ ἐποίησεν Χιραμ τοὺς λέβητας καὶ τὰς θερμάστρεις καὶ τὰς φιάλας καὶ συνετέλεσεν Χιραμ ποιῶν πάντα τὰ ἔργα ἃ ἐποίησεν τῷ βασιλεῖ Σαλωμων ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου

And Hiram made the pots and the shovels and the basins; and Hiram finished doing all the works that he made for King Solomon in the house of the LORD.

Conclusion of Hiram's manufacture: the smaller vessels and completion-formulaκαὶ ἐποίησεν Χιραμ
Hiram makes the lesser bronze vessels — pots, shovels (fire-pans), and basins — and a completion-formula (συνετέλεσεν … ποιῶν πάντα τὰ ἔργα) closes the manufacturing account, echoing the divine 'finishing' of creation (Gen 2:2 συνετέλεσεν) and the Tabernacle (Exod 40:33). The works are explicitly 'for King Solomon in the house of the LORD.'
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; Hiram's manufacture of the smaller vessels.
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; the Tyrian bronze-master, named again as the account of his work concludes.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λέβητας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέβηταςpots / cauldronsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλέβης: 'kettle / cauldron / pot'; renders סִיר; the ash-pots for the altar service.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θερμάστρεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θερμάστρειςshovels / fire-pansAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationθερμάστρις: 'fire-shovel / pan for hot coals'; renders יָע ('shovel'); the implements for clearing ash and embers from the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φιάλας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιάλαςbasins / bowlsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationφιάλη: 'bowl / basin'; renders מִזְרָק; the bowls for catching and dashing sacrificial blood.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσενfinished / completedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωmain verb (completion-formula)→ consummative aorist (bringing to completion)συντελέω: 'finish / complete / accomplish fully'; renders כָּלָה; the completion-formula συνετέλεσεν … ποιῶν echoes Gen 2:2 and Exod 40:33, marking the temple-work as a finished creative act.
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; named again to close the account of his labor.
ποιῶνdoing / makingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωsupplementary participle (with συνετέλεσεν: 'finished doing')→ complementary present participleποιέω: 'do / make'; the participle ποιῶν with συντελέω = 'finished doing,' a Hebraizing construction (כִּלָּה לַעֲשׂוֹת).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of Hiram's works.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιῶν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; the bronze furnishings just enumerated.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν, antecedent τὰ ἔργα)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter plural ἅ, referring to the works.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; the works Hiram made for the king.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with βασιλεῖ; dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingDativedative of advantage ('for the king')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon, for whom the works were made.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative in apposition to βασιλεῖ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; in apposition to βασιλεῖ.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the temple of the LORD.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (the house of the LORD)→ relational specificationκύριος: standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; genitive κυρίου in the phrase 'house of the LORD' = the temple as YHWH's dwelling.
27

στύλους δύο καὶ τὰ στρεπτὰ τῶν στύλων ἐπὶ τῶν κεφαλῶν τῶν στύλων δύο καὶ τὰ δίκτυα δύο τοῦ καλύπτειν ἀμφότερα τὰ στρεπτὰ τῶν γλυφῶν τὰ ὄντα ἐπὶ τῶν στύλων

Two pillars, and the wreathed work of the pillars on the heads of the two pillars; and the two networks to cover both the wreathed work of the carvings that were upon the pillars;

Recapitulatory inventory of Hiram's bronze works (begins)στύλους δύο
An asyndetic accusative list (στύλους δύο …) opens a summary inventory of all Hiram made, recapitulating the chapter's major items. The list begins with the two pillars and the wreathed capital-work (τὰ στρεπτά) and their covering networks, retracing vv.3–9 in catalogue form.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
στύλουςpillarsAccusativeaccusative (inventory item; object of implied 'he made')→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the two great pillars heading the summary list.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two pillars.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with στρεπτὰ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρεπτὰwreathed work / bowlsAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationστρεπτός: 'twisted / wreathed / plaited' (verbal adjective from στρέφω); substantival τὰ στρεπτά = the wreathed / rounded bowl-shaped tops of the capitals (rendering גֻּלָּה, the bowl of the capital).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the wreathed work belonged to the pillars.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with κεφαλῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῶνheads / topsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationκεφαλή: 'head / top'; the tops of the pillars.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar.'
δύοtwonumeral (the two pillars; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two pillars.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with δίκτυα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκτυαnetworksAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationδίκτυον: 'network / lattice'; the two mesh-coverings of the capitals (cf. v.5).
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two networks.
τοῦfor theGenitivearticle with articular infinitive (purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλύπτεινto coverPres Act Inf · καλύπτωarticular infinitive (τοῦ + inf., purpose)→ purpose infinitiveκαλύπτω: 'cover / hide'; the articular infinitive τοῦ καλύπτειν states the networks' purpose — to cover the wreathed bowls of the capitals.
ἀμφότεραbothAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ στρεπτά)→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both'; both wreathed bowls (one per capital).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with στρεπτὰ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρεπτὰwreathed work / bowlsAccusativeaccusative object of καλύπτειν→ object specificationστρεπτός: 'wreathed'; the rounded bowl-tops covered by the networks.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with γλυφῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυφῶνcarvingsGenitivegenitive of relationship (the wreathed work of the carvings)→ relational specificationγλυφή: 'carving / engraving'; the engraved ornamentation of the capitals.
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (with ὄντα; substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνταbeing / that werePres Act Ptc Acc Pl Neut · εἰμίattributive participle ('the things that were upon')→ descriptive present participleεἰμί: 'be'; the participle τὰ ὄντα = 'the things that were,' locating the wreathed carvings upon the pillars.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the carvings were upon the pillars.
28

τὰς ῥόας τετρακοσίας ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς δικτύοις δύο στίχοι ῥοῶν τῷ δικτύῳ τῷ ἑνὶ περικαλύπτειν ἀμφότερα τὰ στρεπτὰ ἐπ᾿ ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς στύλοις

the four hundred pomegranates for both the networks, two rows of pomegranates for the one network, to cover both the wreathed bowls on both the pillars;

Continuation of the inventory: the four hundred pomegranatesτὰς ῥόας τετρακοσίας
The inventory continues with the four hundred bronze pomegranates distributed over the two networks — two rows per network — covering the wreathed bowls of both pillars (recapitulating v.6). The round number four hundred totals the pomegranates of both pillars together.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ῥόας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥόαςpomegranatesAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationῥόα (= ῥοιά): 'pomegranate'; the bronze pomegranate ornaments of the networks (cf. v.6).
τετρακοσίαςfour hundredAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying ῥόας)→ object specificationτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; declinable numeral (acc. fem. pl. τετρακοσίας); the total number of pomegranates for both pillars.
ἀμφοτέροιςfor bothDativeattributive adjective (modifying τοῖς δικτύοις)→ sphere or referenceἀμφότεροι: 'both'; dative — for both networks.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with δικτύοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικτύοιςnetworksDativedative of advantage ('for the networks')→ sphere or referenceδίκτυον: 'network'; the two lattice-coverings holding the pomegranates.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying στίχοι; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; two rows per network.
στίχοιrowsNominativenominative (in apposition / distributive)→ participant prominenceστίχος: 'row'; two rows of pomegranates per network.
ῥοῶνof pomegranatesGenitivegenitive of content (rows of pomegranates)→ relational specificationῥόα: 'pomegranate'; the rows consisted of pomegranates.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with δικτύῳ; dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικτύῳnetworkDativedative of advantage ('for the one network')→ sphere or referenceδίκτυον: 'network'; the single representative network.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνὶ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativeattributive numeral ('the one network')→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; dative ἑνί; the single representative network.
περικαλύπτεινto cover roundPres Act Inf · περικαλύπτωinfinitive of purpose (the function of the pomegranate-rows)→ purpose infinitiveπερικαλύπτω: 'cover all round'; the pomegranate-laden networks enclosed the wreathed bowls of the capitals (cf. v.5).
ἀμφότεραbothAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ στρεπτά)→ object specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both'; both wreathed bowls.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with στρεπτὰ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρεπτὰwreathed bowlsAccusativeaccusative object of περικαλύπτειν→ object specificationστρεπτός: 'wreathed'; the rounded bowl-tops of the capitals.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + dative (elided; position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (elided; position).
ἀμφοτέροιςbothDativeattributive adjective (modifying τοῖς στύλοις)→ sphere or referenceἀμφότεροι: 'both'; both pillars.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with στύλοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλοιςpillarsDativedative of place (with ἐπ᾿: 'upon the pillars')→ sphere or referenceστῦλος: 'pillar'; the wreathed bowls sat upon both pillars.
29

καὶ τὰς μεχωνωθ δέκα καὶ τοὺς χυτροκαύλους δέκα ἐπὶ τῶν μεχωνωθ

and the ten stands and the ten basins upon the stands;

Continuation of the inventory: stands and basinsκαὶ τὰς μεχωνωθ δέκα
The inventory continues with the ten stands and the ten basins set upon them (recapitulating vv.14–25), maintaining the asyndetic accusative-list style of the summary.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandsaccusative (inventory item; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stands'; the ten wheeled bronze bases.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the ten stands.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with χυτροκαύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χυτροκαύλουςbasinsAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationχυτρόκαυλος: 'basin / laver-pot'; the ten bronze lavers.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the ten basins.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with μεχωνωθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεχωνωθstandsgenitive object of ἐπί (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionμεχωνωθ: 'stands'; the basins set upon the stands.
30

καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν μίαν καὶ τοὺς βόας δώδεκα ὑποκάτω τῆς θαλάσσης

and the one Sea, and the twelve oxen underneath the Sea;

Continuation of the inventory: the Sea and the oxenκαὶ τὴν θάλασσαν μίαν
The inventory continues with the single Sea and the twelve oxen supporting it (recapitulating vv.10–13), continuing the summary accusative list.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θάλασσαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανSeaAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'Sea'; the single great bronze basin.
μίανoneAccusativenumeral (modifying θάλασσαν: 'one Sea')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single Sea, in contrast to the ten stands and basins.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with βόας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βόαςoxenAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationβοῦς: 'ox'; the twelve oxen bearing the Sea.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionδώδεκα: 'twelve'; the twelve oxen.
ὑποκάτωunderneathimproper preposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: 'under / beneath'; the oxen beneath the Sea.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θαλάσσης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςSeaGenitivegenitive object of ὑποκάτω→ relational specificationθάλασσα: 'Sea'; the basin supported by the oxen.
31

καὶ τοὺς λέβητας καὶ τὰς θερμάστρεις καὶ τὰς φιάλας καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη ἃ ἐποίησεν Χιραμ τῷ βασιλεῖ Σαλωμων τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ οἱ στῦλοι τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τοῦ οἴκου κυρίου πάντα τὰ ἔργα τοῦ βασιλέως ἃ ἐποίησεν Χιραμ χαλκᾶ ἄρδην

and the pots and the shovels and the basins and all the vessels that Hiram made for King Solomon for the house of the LORD; and the pillars were forty-eight, of the house of the king and of the house of the LORD; all the king's works that Hiram made were entirely of bronze.

Conclusion of the inventory and total summaryκαὶ τοὺς λέβητας
The inventory closes with the lesser vessels (pots, shovels, basins) and 'all the vessels' made for the temple, gives the total of forty-eight pillars belonging to the king's house and the LORD's house, and sums up that all the king's works were of bronze (χαλκᾶ ἄρδην, 'entirely of bronze'). The adverb ἄρδην ('utterly, altogether') stresses the totality of the bronze enterprise.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λέβητας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέβηταςpotsAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationλέβης: 'pot / cauldron'; the ash-pots (cf. v.26).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θερμάστρεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θερμάστρειςshovelsAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationθερμάστρις: 'fire-shovel'; the ash-shovels (cf. v.26).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φιάλας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιάλαςbasins / bowlsAccusativeaccusative (inventory item)→ object specificationφιάλη: 'bowl / basin'; the blood-bowls (cf. v.26).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the vessels.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / implementsAccusativeaccusative (inventory summation)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; renders כֵּלִים; the whole array of temple utensils.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter plural ἅ, antecedent τὰ σκεύη.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; Hiram's manufacture of the vessels.
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; the maker.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with βασιλεῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon, for whom the vessels were made.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative in apposition to βασιλεῖ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with οἴκῳ; dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of advantage ('for the house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the temple, for which the vessels were made.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (house of the LORD)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the temple as the LORD's house.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with στῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; here the columns of both the royal palace and the temple, totaled together.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (with ὀκτώ = forty-eight; indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; with ὀκτώ gives 'forty-eight.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτὼeightnumeral (with τεσσαράκοντα; indeclinable)→ measure or countὀκτώ: 'eight'; τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ὀκτώ = 'forty-eight.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of relationship (the king's house)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the royal palace.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (the king's house)→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; the palace belonged to the king.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of relationship (the LORD's house)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the temple as the LORD's.
πάνταallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἔργα)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the king's works.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksNominativesubject of summary nominal clause→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work'; the totality of the bronze furnishings.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (the king's works)→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; the works commissioned by Solomon.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter plural ἅ, antecedent τὰ ἔργα.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; Hiram's manufacture of all the works.
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; the maker.
χαλκᾶof bronzeNominativepredicate adjective (the works were bronze)→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze'; neuter plural χαλκᾶ predicating that all the works were bronze.
ἄρδηνentirely / altogetheradverb of degree ('utterly, all together')→ clausal contributionἄρδην: 'utterly / wholly / altogether'; stresses that the entire array of works was, without exception, of bronze.
32

οὐκ ἦν σταθμὸς τοῦ χαλκοῦ οὗ ἐποίησεν πάντα τὰ ἔργα ταῦτα ἐκ πλήθους σφόδρα οὐκ ἦν τέρμα τῷ σταθμῷ τοῦ χαλκοῦ

There was no weighing of the bronze of which he made all these works; from its very great quantity there was no limit to the weight of the bronze.

Climactic summary: the immeasurable weight of bronzeοὐκ ἦν σταθμὸς
An emphatic double negation (οὐκ ἦν σταθμός … οὐκ ἦν τέρμα) frames the bronze as beyond all reckoning: its quantity was so vast that no weighing was even attempted. The asyndeton and the hyperbole magnify the scale of Solomon's wealth and the temple's glory, echoing the unweighable gold of the same king's later splendor.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: 'not'; negates the existence of any weighing.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential: 'there was no')→ stative imperfect (existential)εἰμί: 'be / exist'; οὐκ ἦν = 'there was not,' the existential negative.
σταθμὸςweighing / weightNominativesubject of existential clause→ participant prominenceσταθμός: 'weight / weighing / reckoning by weight'; renders מִשְׁקָל; the bronze was not weighed because its quantity was incalculable.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with χαλκοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκοῦbronzeGenitivegenitive of reference (the weight of the bronze)→ relational specificationχαλκός: 'bronze'; the metal whose weight went unreckoned.
οὗof whichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive of material, antecedent χαλκοῦ)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; genitive οὗ = 'of which (bronze),' the material from which the works were made.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; the works made from the bronze.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; all these works.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; the bronze furnishings.
ταῦταtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying τὰ ἔργα)→ object specificationοὗτος: demonstrative; 'these (works),' pointing back to the whole inventory.
ἐκfrom / because ofpreposition + genitive (cause)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: here causal — 'from / because of (the great quantity).'
πλήθουςabundance / quantityGenitivegenitive of cause (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationπλῆθος: 'multitude / abundance / great quantity'; renders רֹב; the sheer quantity of bronze made weighing impossible.
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degree (intensifying πλήθους)→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'very / exceedingly'; standard LXX rendering of מְאֹד; intensifies the immensity of the quantity.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: 'not'; the second emphatic negation.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ stative imperfect (existential)εἰμί: 'be'; οὐκ ἦν = 'there was not.'
τέρμαlimit / endNominativesubject of existential clause→ participant prominenceτέρμα: 'end / limit / boundary'; there was no limit (no possibility of final reckoning) to the weight of bronze.
τῷto theDativearticle (with σταθμῷ; dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σταθμῷweightDativedative of reference ('to the weight')→ sphere or referenceσταθμός: 'weight'; no limit could be set to the bronze's weight.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with χαλκοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκοῦbronzeGenitivegenitive of reference (the weight of the bronze)→ relational specificationχαλκός: 'bronze'; the metal of unreckonable weight.
33

ἐν τῷ περιοίκῳ τοῦ Ιορδάνου ἐχώνευσεν αὐτὰ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν τῷ πάχει τῆς γῆς ἀνὰ μέσον Σοκχωθ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον Σιρα

In the region around the Jordan the king cast them, in the thick clay of the ground, between Sokchoth and Sira.

Locating the foundry: the casting-ground in the Jordan plainἐν τῷ περιοίκῳ τοῦ Ιορδάνου
A topographical note locates the great bronze-casting in the alluvial plain of the Jordan, in the thick clay (πάχος τῆς γῆς) suitable for molds, between Sokchoth and Sira (MT Succoth and Zarethan). The verse-initial prepositional phrase fronts the place, and the verb ἐχώνευσεν recalls the casting-verb that opened the catalogue (v.3).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῷtheDativearticle (with περιοίκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιοίκῳsurrounding regionDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceπερίοικος: 'neighboring / surrounding (region)'; substantival τὸ περίοικον = 'the environs / the round-about country'; here the plain around the Jordan.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive of relationship (the region of the Jordan)→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: the Jordan river (Hebrew יַרְדֵּן); declined as a first-declension masculine; its plain provided the clay for casting.
ἐχώνευσενhe castAor Act Indic 3 Sg · χωνεύωmain verb→ constative aoristχωνεύω: 'cast / found (in a mold)'; the foundry-verb (cf. v.3); here of casting the bronze pieces in the Jordan clay.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἐχώνευσεν (the bronze works)→ participant referenceαὐτός: pronoun; neuter plural αὐτά = 'them' (the bronze furnishings).
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon, here credited with the casting (executed by Hiram on his behalf).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location / means)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location / means).
τῷtheDativearticle (with πάχει)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάχειthick clay / densityDativedative of place / means (in the thick soil)→ sphere or referenceπάχος: 'thickness / density'; here the thick, dense clay of the ground (rendering מַעֲבֵה הָאֲדָמָה), ideal for forming casting-molds.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςground / earthGenitivegenitive of relationship (the thickness of the ground)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth / ground / land'; renders אֲדָמָה; the clay soil of the Jordan plain.
ἀνὰbetweenpreposition (idiom ἀνὰ μέσον)→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: in ἀνὰ μέσον = 'between.'
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle'; 'between.'
ΣοκχωθSokchothgenitive object of ἀνὰ μέσον (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣοκχωθ: transliteration of Hebrew סֻכּוֹת (Succoth), a place in the Jordan valley; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenpreposition (idiom ἀνὰ μέσον)→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: 'between' (repeated in the Hebraizing idiom for 'between X and Y').
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle'; 'between.'
ΣιραSiragenitive object of ἀνὰ μέσον (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣιρα: transliteration of a Jordan-valley place name (MT צָרְתָן, Zarethan); indeclinable.
34

καὶ ἔδωκεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων τὰ σκεύη ἃ ἐποίησεν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν καὶ τὴν τράπεζαν ἐφ᾿ ἧς οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προσφορᾶς χρυσῆν

And King Solomon set in place the vessels that he made in the house of the LORD: the golden altar, and the golden table on which were the loaves of the offering;

New section: the gold furnishings of the temple interiorκαὶ ἔδωκεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων
The narrative turns from bronze to gold. Solomon 'sets in place' (ἔδωκεν, here 'set / installed') the interior gold vessels, beginning with the golden incense-altar and the golden table of the bread of the Presence (οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προσφορᾶς). The gold furnishings stand in deliberate contrast to the immeasurable bronze of vv.31–32.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενset in place / putAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (installation)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give / put / set'; here in the sense 'set in place / install,' rendering נָתַן; the king installs the gold vessels in the temple.
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonnominative in apposition to ὁ βασιλεύς (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'vessel / implement'; here the gold furnishings of the temple interior.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter plural ἅ, antecedent τὰ σκεύη.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; the vessels Solomon made for the temple.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (house of the LORD)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the temple as the LORD's house.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τὰ σκεύη (first item)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar / place of sacrifice'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; here the golden incense-altar of the inner sanctuary.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσοῦν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσιαστήριον)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden / of gold'; renders זָהָב; the incense-altar was overlaid with gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with τράπεζαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράπεζανtableAccusativeaccusative (second gold item)→ object specificationτράπεζα: 'table'; renders שֻׁלְחָן; the table of the bread of the Presence.
ἐφ᾿onpreposition + genitive (elided; position)→ spatial or relational framingἐφ᾿: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; position).
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive object of ἐφ᾿; antecedent τράπεζαν)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; feminine genitive ἧς = 'on which (table).'
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄρτοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτοιloaves / breadNominativesubject of relative clause→ participant prominenceἄρτος: 'bread / loaf'; renders לֶחֶם; the loaves of the offering (the bread of the Presence) set on the table.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with προσφορᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσφορᾶςofferingGenitivegenitive of relationship (the bread of the offering)→ relational specificationπροσφορά: 'offering / presentation'; the bread set out before the LORD as a perpetual offering (cf. Exod 25:30; Lev 24:5–9).
χρυσῆνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τράπεζαν: 'the golden table')→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden'; feminine accusative χρυσῆν agreeing with τράπεζαν — the table was of gold.
35

καὶ τὰς λυχνίας πέντε ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ πέντε ἐξ ἀριστερῶν κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ δαβιρ χρυσᾶς συγκλειομένας καὶ τὰ λαμπάδια καὶ τοὺς λύχνους καὶ τὰς ἐπαρυστρίδας χρυσᾶς

and the lampstands, five on the right and five on the left, before the inner shrine, of gold finely wrought; and the lamps and the lights and the oil-vessels, of gold;

Continuation: the golden lampstands and their accessoriesκαὶ τὰς λυχνίας
Ten golden lampstands flank the inner shrine (δαβιρ), five right and five left, with their lamps, lights, and oil-vessels — all of gold. The five-and-five symmetry before the δαβιρ mirrors the disposition of the ten bronze stands outside (v.25), pairing the gold interior with the bronze court.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with λυχνίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λυχνίαςlampstandsAccusativeaccusative (gold item)→ object specificationλυχνία: 'lampstand'; renders מְנוֹרָה; the ten golden lampstands of the temple (cf. 2 Chr 4:7).
πέντεfivenumeral (five on the right; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; five lampstands on the right.
ἐκonpreposition + genitive (side)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: in ἐκ δεξιῶν = 'on the right.'
δεξιῶνthe rightGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (on the right)→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; the right side of the shrine.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfivenumeral (five on the left; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; five lampstands on the left.
ἐξonpreposition + genitive (side)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): in ἐξ ἀριστερῶν = 'on the left.'
ἀριστερῶνthe leftGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (on the left)→ relational specificationἀριστερός: 'left'; the left side of the shrine.
κατὰbefore / facingpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: in κατὰ πρόσωπον = 'before / in front of.'
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative in idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον ('before')→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ δαβιρ = 'before the inner shrine.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with δαβιρ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δαβιρinner shrine / oraclegenitive of relationship (transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionδαβιρ: transliteration of Hebrew דְּבִיר ('inner sanctuary / oracle / most holy place'); indeclinable; the innermost room of the temple housing the ark.
χρυσᾶςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λυχνίας)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden'; feminine accusative plural χρυσᾶς — the lampstands were of gold.
συγκλειομέναςfinely wrought / fittedPres Mid/Pass Ptc Acc Pl Fem · συγκλείωattributive participle (modifying λυχνίας)→ descriptive present participleσυγκλείω: 'close up / fit together / finish off'; the participle describes the lampstands as of close, finished workmanship (pure / solid wrought gold), cognate with σύγκλειστος (v.36).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with λαμπάδια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαμπάδιαlampsAccusativeaccusative (gold accessory)→ object specificationλαμπάδιον: 'small lamp / torch' (diminutive of λαμπάς); the lamp-holders / flame-bowls of the lampstands.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λύχνους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λύχνουςlights / lampsAccusativeaccusative (gold accessory)→ object specificationλύχνος: 'lamp / light'; renders נֵר; the individual lights set on the lampstands.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπαρυστρίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαρυστρίδαςoil-vesselsAccusativeaccusative (gold accessory)→ object specificationἐπαρυστρίς: 'oil-funnel / oil-vessel / snuffer'; the small implements for pouring oil into (or trimming) the lamps.
χρυσᾶςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (the accessories were of gold)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden'; the lamp-accessories were of gold.
36

καὶ τὰ πρόθυρα καὶ οἱ ἧλοι καὶ αἱ φιάλαι καὶ τὰ τρύβλια καὶ αἱ θυίσκαι χρυσαῖ σύγκλειστα καὶ τὰ θυρώματα τῶν θυρῶν τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ ἐσωτάτου ἁγίου τῶν ἁγίων καὶ τὰς θύρας τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ ναοῦ χρυσᾶς

and the door-frames and the nails and the basins and the dishes and the censers, of gold, finely wrought; and the doorframes of the doors of the innermost house, the Holy of Holies, and the doors of the house of the nave, of gold.

Continuation: the gold fittings, censers, and doorsκαὶ τὰ πρόθυρα
The gold furnishings conclude with the door-fittings, nails, basins, dishes, and censers — all of finely wrought gold — and the gold doorframes of the Holy of Holies (ἁγίου τῶν ἁγίων) and the doors of the nave. The list moves from movable vessels to the fixed gold of the sanctuary's most sacred thresholds.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with πρόθυρα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόθυραdoor-frames / vestibulesNominativesubject of nominal clause (gold item)→ participant prominenceπρόθυρον: 'porch / front-door / threshold-frame'; the gold fittings at the doorways.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἧλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἧλοιnailsNominativesubject (gold item)→ participant prominenceἧλος: 'nail / stud'; the gold nails / studs fastening the overlay and fittings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with φιάλαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιάλαιbasins / bowlsNominativesubject (gold item)→ participant prominenceφιάλη: 'bowl / basin'; here the gold sprinkling-bowls (distinct from the bronze ones of v.26).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with τρύβλια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρύβλιαdishesNominativesubject (gold item)→ participant prominenceτρύβλιον: 'dish / bowl / platter'; renders מִזְרָק / כַּף; the gold serving-dishes of the temple.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυίσκαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυίσκαιcensers / incense-pansNominativesubject (gold item)→ participant prominenceθυΐσκη: 'censer / incense-pan / spoon'; renders כַּף; the gold vessels for burning incense.
χρυσαῖgoldenNominativepredicate adjective (the items were gold)→ participant prominenceχρυσοῦς: 'golden'; feminine plural χρυσαῖ summing up that the foregoing items were of gold.
σύγκλεισταfinely wroughtNominativepredicate adjective (of close / solid workmanship)→ participant prominenceσύγκλειστος: 'closed up / solid / finely fitted'; here = 'of pure, solid wrought gold' (cf. συγκλειομένας, v.35).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with θυρώματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρώματαdoorframesNominativesubject (gold item)→ participant prominenceθύρωμα: 'doorway / doorframe / door-leaf'; renders מְזוּזָה / פֶּתַח; the framed openings of the doors.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with θυρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρῶνdoorsGenitivegenitive of relationship (the frames of the doors)→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door'; renders דֶּלֶת; the doors of the inner sanctuary.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouse / roomGenitivegenitive of relationship (the innermost house)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / room'; here the innermost room of the temple.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἐσωτάτου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσωτάτουinnermostGenitiveattributive superlative adjective (modifying οἴκου)→ relational specificationἐσώτατος: 'innermost' (superlative of ἔσω); the innermost room = the Holy of Holies.
ἁγίουholyGenitiveappositional (in the phrase ἁγίου τῶν ἁγίων)→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; in the superlative-Hebraism ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων ('the Holy of Holies'), rendering קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholiesGenitivegenitive (superlative idiom: 'of holies')→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; the partitive genitive in the Hebraic superlative 'Holy of Holies' = the most holy place.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θύρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsAccusativeaccusative (gold item: the doors of the nave)→ object specificationθύρα: 'door'; the doors of the temple nave, also overlaid with gold.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of relationship (the house of the nave)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple-building.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ναοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναοῦnaveGenitivegenitive of relationship (the doors of the nave)→ relational specificationναός: 'nave / temple-hall'; the main hall, whose doors were gold.
χρυσᾶςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θύρας: 'golden doors')→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden'; feminine accusative plural — the doors of the nave were of gold.
37

καὶ ἀνεπληρώθη πᾶν τὸ ἔργον ὃ ἐποίησεν Σαλωμων οἴκου κυρίου καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν Σαλωμων τὰ ἅγια Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντα τὰ ἅγια Σαλωμων τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὰ σκεύη ἔδωκεν εἰς τοὺς θησαυροὺς οἴκου κυρίου

And all the work that Solomon did for the house of the LORD was completed; and Solomon brought in the holy things of David his father, and all the holy things of Solomon — the silver and the gold and the vessels he put into the treasuries of the house of the LORD.

Completion of the temple-work and dedication of the holy thingsκαὶ ἀνεπληρώθη πᾶν τὸ ἔργον
A second completion-formula (ἀνεπληρώθη πᾶν τὸ ἔργον) closes the whole temple project. Solomon then deposits the dedicated treasures — David's holy things and his own — silver, gold, and vessels, in the temple treasuries (cf. 2 Sam 8:11; 1 Chr 18:11). The dedication of the inherited and the newly acquired wealth links Solomon's temple to David's vows.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεπληρώθηwas completedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀναπληρόωmain verb (passive completion)→ consummative aorist passiveἀναπληρόω: 'fill up / complete / fulfill'; renders שָׁלַם / כָּלָה; the passive ἀνεπληρώθη marks the temple-work as fully finished, a third completion-note (cf. vv.26, 50).
πᾶνallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying τὸ ἔργον)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the whole of the temple-work.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἔργον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονworkNominativesubject of ἀνεπληρώθη→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work'; the entire building and furnishing project.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter ὅ, antecedent τὸ ἔργον.
ἐποίησενdid / madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; the work Solomon performed.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject of relative clause (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
οἴκουfor the houseGenitivegenitive of relationship / purpose (the work of/for the house)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple, the object of the work.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (house of the LORD)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the LORD's house.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσφέρω: 'bring in / carry in'; renders בּוֹא (Hiphil); Solomon brings the dedicated treasures into the temple.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy things / dedicated giftsAccusativedirect object of εἰσήνεγκεν→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; substantival neuter plural τὰ ἅγια = 'the holy / dedicated things,' the consecrated treasures (rendering קֳדָשִׁים).
ΔαυιδDavidgenitive of possession (David's holy things; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliteration of Hebrew דָּוִד; indeclinable; David, Solomon's father, who had dedicated spoil for the temple.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with πατρὸς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive in apposition to Δαυιδ ('his father')→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; David is identified as Solomon's father.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' (Solomon's).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἅγια)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; all the dedicated things of Solomon.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy thingsAccusativeaccusative (Solomon's dedicated things)→ object specificationἅγιος: substantival τὰ ἅγια; Solomon's own consecrated treasures, added to David's.
ΣαλωμωνSolomongenitive of possession (Solomon's holy things; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverAccusativeaccusative (appositional specification of the holy things)→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver / money'; renders כֶּסֶף; part of the dedicated treasure.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativeaccusative (specification)→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold / gold coin'; renders זָהָב; part of the dedicated treasure.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'vessel'; the dedicated vessels deposited in the treasuries.
ἔδωκενhe put / depositedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (placement)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give / put / place'; here 'deposited / placed' the treasures in the temple storehouses.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with θησαυρούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςtreasuries / storehousesAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationθησαυρός: 'treasure / treasury / storehouse'; renders אוֹצָר; the temple storerooms holding the dedicated wealth.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of relationship (the treasuries of the house)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (house of the LORD)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the LORD's house.
38

καὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ ᾠκοδόμησεν Σαλωμων τρισκαίδεκα ἔτεσιν

And Solomon built his own house in thirteen years.

New section: Solomon's palace complex (heading)καὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ
The narrative turns from the temple to the royal palace. The fronted object τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ ('his own house') and the thirteen-year span contrast pointedly with the seven years of the temple (3 Kgdms 6:38), a contrast the narrator leaves implicit. This verse heads the palace-complex account (vv.38–45).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν (fronted)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; here Solomon's royal palace, fronted for emphasis.
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive of possession (his own house)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his (own)'; stressing the king's personal residence over against the LORD's house.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aorist (the whole building span viewed as one)οἰκοδομέω: 'build / construct'; renders בָּנָה; the verb governing the entire palace-building account.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
τρισκαίδεκαthirteennumeral (modifying ἔτεσιν; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionτρισκαίδεκα: 'thirteen'; indeclinable; the duration of the palace-building, nearly double the temple's seven years.
ἔτεσινyearsDativedative of time (extent: 'in thirteen years')→ sphere or referenceἔτος: 'year'; dative plural of time within which — 'in thirteen years.'
39

καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν τὸν οἶκον δρυμῷ τοῦ Λιβάνου ἑκατὸν πήχεις μῆκος αὐτοῦ καὶ πεντήκοντα πήχεις πλάτος αὐτοῦ καὶ τριάκοντα πηχῶν ὕψος αὐτοῦ καὶ τριῶν στίχων στύλων κεδρίνων καὶ ὠμίαι κέδριναι τοῖς στύλοις

And he built the House of the Forest of Lebanon: a hundred cubits its length, and fifty cubits its breadth, and thirty cubits its height, and of three rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars.

Continuation: the House of the Forest of Lebanonκαὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν τὸν οἶκον δρυμῷ τοῦ Λιβάνου
The first palace structure, the House of the Forest of Lebanon, is named for its cedar columns standing like a forest. Its dimensions (100 × 50 × 30 cubits) and the three rows of cedar pillars with their cedar beams give it the look of a hypostyle hall; it served as armory and treasury (cf. 3 Kgdms 10:17).
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the building of the first palace hall.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the House of the Forest of Lebanon.
δρυμῷof the forestDativedative of relationship / name (the house 'of the forest')→ sphere or referenceδρυμός: 'wood / forest / thicket'; renders יַעַר; οἶκος δρυμῷ τοῦ Λιβάνου = 'House of the Forest of Lebanon,' named for its forest-like rows of cedar columns.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Λιβάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonGenitivegenitive of relationship (forest of Lebanon)→ relational specificationΛίβανος: Lebanon (Hebrew לְבָנוֹן), famed for its cedars; declined as a second-declension noun; the source of the building's timber.
ἑκατὸνa hundrednumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'a hundred'; indeclinable; the length in cubits.
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; unit of the length.
μῆκοςlengthNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceμῆκος: 'length'; the building's longest dimension.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its' (the house's).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftynumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the breadth in cubits.
πήχειςcubitsAccusativeaccusative of measure→ object specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; unit of the breadth.
πλάτοςbreadthNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceπλάτος: 'breadth / width'; the building's cross-dimension.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtynumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; indeclinable; the height in cubits.
πηχῶνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; genitive of measure for the height.
ὕψοςheightNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceὕψος: 'height'; the building's vertical dimension.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριῶνof threeGenitivegenitive of quality (with στίχων: 'of three rows')→ relational specificationτρεῖς: 'three'; genitive τριῶν; the building had three rows of pillars.
στίχωνrowsGenitivegenitive of quality (three rows)→ relational specificationστίχος: 'row'; the rows of cedar columns.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of content (rows of pillars)→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; the cedar columns of the hall.
κεδρίνωνof cedarGenitiveattributive adjective (material, modifying στύλων)→ relational specificationκέδρινος: 'of cedar / cedarwood'; the columns were cedar (cf. Λίβανος, source of cedar).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠμίαιbeams / supportsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceὠμία: 'shoulder-piece / supporting beam'; here the cedar cross-beams or joists resting on the columns (rendering כְּרֻתוֹת / the beam-courses).
κέδριναιof cedarNominativeattributive adjective (material)→ participant prominenceκέδρινος: 'of cedar'; the beams were cedar.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with στύλοις; dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλοιςpillarsDativedative of reference ('for / upon the pillars')→ sphere or referenceστῦλος: 'pillar'; the beams rested upon the cedar columns.
40

καὶ ἐφάτνωσεν τὸν οἶκον ἄνωθεν ἐπὶ τῶν πλευρῶν τῶν στύλων καὶ ἀριθμὸς τῶν στύλων τεσσαράκοντα καὶ πέντε δέκα καὶ πέντε ὁ στίχος

And he paneled the house above, over the sides of the pillars; and the number of the pillars was forty-five, fifteen to a row.

Continuation: paneling and pillar-count of the Lebanon houseκαὶ ἐφάτνωσεν τὸν οἶκον
The hall is coffered / paneled above, over the side-beams of the columns, and the total number of pillars is given as forty-five — fifteen to each of the three rows. The arithmetic (3 × 15 = 45) ties back to the 'three rows' of v.39.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφάτνωσενhe paneled / cofferedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φατνόωmain verb→ constative aoristφατνόω: 'panel / coffer / ceil (a roof)'; renders סָפַן; to finish the ceiling with coffered cedar panels.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ἐφάτνωσεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the Lebanon hall, paneled above.
ἄνωθενabove / from aboveadverb of place ('above')→ clausal contributionἄνωθεν: 'from above / above / at the top'; the paneling covered the hall from above.
ἐπὶover / uponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πλευρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλευρῶνsides / side-beamsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationπλευρά: 'side / rib / flank'; here the side-beams / lateral members resting on the columns, over which the ceiling was laid.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of possession (the sides of the pillars)→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the columns bearing the side-beams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀριθμὸςnumberNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: 'number / count'; renders מִסְפָּר; the total count of the columns.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of reference (the number of the pillars)→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the columns counted.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (with πέντε = forty-five; indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; with πέντε gives 'forty-five.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfivenumeral (with τεσσαράκοντα; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; τεσσαράκοντα καὶ πέντε = 'forty-five' columns total.
δέκαtennumeral (with πέντε = fifteen; indeclinable)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; with πέντε gives 'fifteen' per row.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfivenumeral (with δέκα = fifteen; indeclinable)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; δέκα καὶ πέντε = 'fifteen' columns in each row.
theNominativearticle (with στίχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στίχοςrowNominativesubject (distributive: 'fifteen the row' = fifteen to a row)→ participant prominenceστίχος: 'row'; the count fifteen applies to each row (3 rows × 15 = 45).
41

καὶ μέλαθρα τρία καὶ χώρα ἐπὶ χώραν τρισσῶς

And there were three beams, and window over window in three tiers.

Continuation: the beams and tiered windowsκαὶ μέλαθρα τρία
The hall has three beam-courses and windows ranged opposite one another in three tiers (χώρα ἐπὶ χώραν τρισσῶς). The adverb τρισσῶς ('in threes / triply') governs the threefold tiering, matching the threefold framing of v.42.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέλαθραbeamsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceμέλαθρον: 'beam / crossbeam'; here the three beam-courses spanning the hall (cf. v.9).
τρίαthreeNominativenumeral (modifying μέλαθρα)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; neuter τρία; the three beams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χώραwindow / openingNominativesubject (distributive: 'window over window')→ participant prominenceχώρα: 'space / opening / window-recess'; here a window-aperture or framed opening in the wall.
ἐπὶover / uponpreposition + accusative (one over another)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (one over another).
χώρανwindow / openingAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (window upon window)→ object specificationχώρα: 'opening / window'; the idiom χώρα ἐπὶ χώραν = 'window over window,' i.e. ranged in tiers.
τρισσῶςin three tiers / triplyadverb of manner ('in threes')→ clausal contributionτρισσῶς: 'triply / in three rows / threefold'; the windows were ranged in three superimposed tiers.
42

καὶ πάντα τὰ θυρώματα καὶ αἱ χῶραι τετράγωνοι μεμελαθρωμέναι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ θυρώματος ἐπὶ θύραν τρισσῶς

And all the doorways and the windows were square and framed with beams; and from doorway to door, in three tiers, facing one another.

Continuation: the square, beam-framed openingsκαὶ πάντα τὰ θυρώματα
All the doorways and windows are square (τετράγωνοι) and beam-framed (μεμελαθρωμέναι), and the openings face each other from doorway to door in three tiers. The verse completes the description of the Lebanon hall's fenestration with the same threefold pattern (τρισσῶς) as v.41.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ θυρώματα)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; all the doorways.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with θυρώματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρώματαdoorwaysNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceθύρωμα: 'doorway / door-frame'; the framed door-openings of the hall.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with χῶραι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χῶραιwindows / openingsNominativesubject (parallel to θυρώματα)→ participant prominenceχώρα: 'opening / window'; the window-apertures, parallel to the doorways.
τετράγωνοιsquareNominativepredicate adjective (the openings were square)→ participant prominenceτετράγωνος: 'four-cornered / square'; renders רְבֻעָה; the openings were rectangular / square-framed.
μεμελαθρωμέναιframed with beamsPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Pl Fem · μελαθρόωpredicate participle (the openings were beam-framed)→ resultative perfectμελαθρόω: 'frame / fit with beams / lintel' (denominative from μέλαθρον); the perfect participle marks the openings as finished with beam-frames / lintels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: with ἐπί below = 'from … to,' marking the facing arrangement door-to-door.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with θυρώματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρώματοςdoorwayGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationθύρωμα: 'doorway'; one opening of the facing pair.
ἐπὶto / oppositepreposition + accusative (end point)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί: with ἀπό = 'from … to'; the openings stood opposite one another.
θύρανdoorAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθύρα: 'door'; the opposite opening of the facing pair.
τρισσῶςin three tiers / triplyadverb of manner ('in threes')→ clausal contributionτρισσῶς: 'triply / in three rows'; the facing openings were ranged in three tiers (cf. v.41).
43

καὶ τὸ αιλαμ τῶν στύλων πεντήκοντα πηχῶν μῆκος καὶ τριάκοντα ἐν πλάτει ἐζυγωμένα αιλαμ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν καὶ στῦλοι καὶ πάχος ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς τοῖς αιλαμμιν

And the Hall of Pillars: fifty cubits in length and thirty in breadth, joined; a portico in front of them, with pillars, and a thick beam in front of it, at the porticoes.

Continuation: the Hall of Pillarsκαὶ τὸ αιλαμ τῶν στύλων
The second palace structure, the Hall of Pillars (αιλαμ τῶν στύλων), measures fifty by thirty cubits, fronted by a colonnaded portico with a thick beam over it. The transliterated αιλαμ recurs (and its plural αιλαμμιν appears), marking these as the porch-halls of the palace complex.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with αιλαμ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμhall / porticosubject (transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: transliterated אוּלָם, 'hall / portico / vestibule'; αιλαμ τῶν στύλων = 'the Hall of Pillars.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with στύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarsGenitivegenitive of relationship (Hall of Pillars)→ relational specificationστῦλος: 'pillar'; the colonnade defining this hall.
πεντήκονταfiftynumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; the length in cubits.
πηχῶνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; genitive of measure for the length.
μῆκοςlengthNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceμῆκος: 'length'; the hall's longest dimension.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtynumeral (measure; indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; the breadth in cubits.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (respect: 'in breadth')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (respect: 'in breadth').
πλάτειbreadthDativedative of respect ('in breadth')→ sphere or referenceπλάτος: 'breadth'; the hall's width, thirty cubits.
ἐζυγωμέναjoined / coupledPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Pl Neut · ζυγόωpredicate participle (the parts joined together)→ resultative perfectζυγόω: 'yoke / join / couple together'; the perfect participle marks the structural members as framed and joined as a unit.
αιλαμporticoappositional (a portico; transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: 'portico / vestibule'; the porch fronting the hall.
ἐπὶin front of / uponpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: in ἐπὶ πρόσωπον = 'in front of / before.'
πρόσωπονfront / faceAccusativeaccusative in idiom ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ('in front of')→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; ἐπὶ πρόσωπον = 'before / in front.'
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive of reference (in front of them)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'them' (the pillars / hall).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στῦλοιpillarsNominativesubject (the portico's columns)→ participant prominenceστῦλος: 'pillar'; the columns of the fronting portico.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάχοςthick beam / thresholdNominativesubject (a thick member in front)→ participant prominenceπάχος: 'thickness'; here a thick structural member (a heavy beam / threshold) before the portico.
ἐπὶin front ofpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'in front of' (ἐπὶ πρόσωπον).
πρόσωπονfront / faceAccusativeaccusative in idiom ἐπὶ πρόσωπον→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'front'; ἐπὶ πρόσωπον = 'in front.'
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive of reference (in front of it)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'it' (the hall / portico).
τοῖςat theDativearticle (with αιλαμμιν; dative of place)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμμινporticoesdative of place (transliterated plural term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμμιν: transliteration of the Hebrew plural of אוּלָם ('porticoes / porches'); indeclinable; the porches of the palace complex.
44

καὶ τὸ αιλαμ τῶν θρόνων οὗ κρινεῖ ἐκεῖ αιλαμ τοῦ κριτηρίου

And the Hall of Thrones, where he would give judgment — the Hall of Judgment.

Continuation: the Hall of the Throne / Judgmentκαὶ τὸ αιλαμ τῶν θρόνων
The third structure is the Hall of Thrones (αιλαμ τῶν θρόνων), where the king rendered judgment — hence also named the Hall of Judgment (αιλαμ τοῦ κριτηρίου). The double designation underscores its royal-judicial function, the seat of Solomon's proverbial wisdom in adjudication (cf. 3 Kgdms 3:16–28).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with αιλαμ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμhall / porticosubject (transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: transliterated אוּלָם, 'hall / portico'; αιλαμ τῶν θρόνων = 'the Hall of Thrones.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with θρόνων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνωνthronesGenitivegenitive of relationship (Hall of Thrones)→ relational specificationθρόνος: 'throne / seat'; renders כִּסֵּא; the royal judgment-seat housed in this hall.
οὗwhereGenitiverelative adverb of place (genitive of ὅς: 'where')→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive οὗ functions adverbially = 'where,' introducing the judicial-function clause.
κρινεῖhe would judgeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · κρίνωverb of relative clause (gnomic / customary future)→ gnomic future (customary judicial activity)κρίνω: 'judge / decide / give judgment'; renders שָׁפַט; the future expresses the hall's standing purpose — where the king would render judgment.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive: 'there')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; resumptive locative reinforcing οὗ ('where … there').
αιλαμhall / porticoappositional (the Hall of Judgment; transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: 'hall'; in apposition, renaming the hall by its function.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with κριτηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριτηρίουjudgment / tribunalGenitivegenitive of relationship (Hall of Judgment)→ relational specificationκριτήριον: 'tribunal / court / place of judgment'; the hall as the seat of royal adjudication.
45

καὶ οἶκος αὐτῷ ἐν ᾧ καθήσεται ἐκεῖ αὐλὴ μία ἐξελισσομένη τούτοις κατὰ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο καὶ οἶκον τῇ θυγατρὶ Φαραω ἣν ἔλαβεν Σαλωμων κατὰ τὸ αιλαμ τοῦτο

And a house for himself, in which he would dwell there, with one court enclosing these in this same workmanship; and a house for the daughter of Pharaoh, whom Solomon had taken, after the manner of this hall.

Continuation: the royal residence and Pharaoh's daughter's houseκαὶ οἶκος αὐτῷ
The complex concludes with the king's own dwelling, set within a single enclosing court (αὐλὴ μία) of the same workmanship, and a separate house of like make for Pharaoh's daughter, Solomon's Egyptian wife (cf. 3 Kgdms 3:1; 9:24). The repeated κατὰ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο / κατὰ τὸ αιλαμ τοῦτο stresses the uniform luxury of the whole palace.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseNominativesubject of nominal clause (with implied 'was')→ participant prominenceοἶκος: 'house'; Solomon's personal residence within the complex.
αὐτῷfor himselfDativedative of advantage ('for himself')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: pronoun; dative αὐτῷ = 'for him(self),' the king's own house.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
whichDativerelative pronoun (dative object of ἐν; antecedent οἶκος)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; dative ᾧ = 'in which,' referring to the house.
καθήσεταιhe would dwell / sitFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιverb of relative clause (customary future)→ gnomic future (customary residence)κάθημαι: 'sit / dwell / be enthroned'; renders יָשַׁב; the future marks the house as the king's standing residence — 'where he would dwell.'
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive: 'there')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; resumptive locative ('in which … there'), a Hebraistic redundancy (אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם).
αὐλὴcourtNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceαὐλή: 'court / courtyard / enclosure'; renders חָצֵר; the single court enclosing the king's residence.
μίαoneNominativenumeral (modifying αὐλή: 'one court')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; a single enclosing court.
ἐξελισσομένηenclosing / unfolding aroundPres Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Sg Fem · ἐξελίσσωattributive participle (modifying αὐλή)→ descriptive present participleἐξελίσσω: 'unroll / unfold / wind out'; the middle participle here describes the court as 'unfolding around / enclosing' the buildings within it.
τούτοιςtheseDativedative (with the participle: enclosing these structures)→ sphere or referenceοὗτος: demonstrative; dative τούτοις = 'these (buildings),' which the court enclosed.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard / manner)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / after the manner of'; κατὰ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο = 'in this same workmanship.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονwork / workmanshipAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / workmanship'; the same standard of construction as the rest.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative; 'this (workmanship).'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative (object of implied 'he made / built')→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the separate residence for Pharaoh's daughter.
τῇfor theDativearticle (with θυγατρί; dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατρὶdaughterDativedative of advantage ('for the daughter')→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; renders בַּת; Pharaoh's daughter, Solomon's wife.
ΦαραωPharaohgenitive of relationship (daughter of Pharaoh; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliteration of Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (Egyptian pr-ꜥȝ); indeclinable; the Egyptian king whose daughter Solomon married.
ἣνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔλαβεν; antecedent θυγατρί)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; feminine accusative ἥν = 'whom,' referring to Pharaoh's daughter.
ἔλαβενtook / marriedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; in marriage idiom λαμβάνω γυναῖκα ('take a wife'), rendering לָקַח; Solomon took her in marriage (3 Kgdms 3:1).
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject of relative clause (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
κατὰafter the manner ofpreposition + accusative (standard / manner)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'after the manner of'; κατὰ τὸ αιλαμ τοῦτο = 'like this hall.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αιλαμ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμhall / porticoaccusative object of κατά (transliterated term, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionαιλαμ: 'hall / portico'; the daughter's house was built like the foregoing hall.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying αιλαμ)→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative; 'this (hall).'
46

πάντα ταῦτα ἐκ λίθων τιμίων κεκολαμμένα ἐκ διαστήματος ἔσωθεν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ θεμελίου ἕως τῶν γεισῶν καὶ ἔξωθεν εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν μεγάλην

All these were of costly stones, hewn to measure within, and from the foundation to the copings, and outside, toward the great court.

New section: the precious-stone masonry of the whole complexπάντα ταῦτα ἐκ λίθων τιμίων
An asyndetic summary (πάντα ταῦτα, 'all these') describes the masonry of the whole complex: costly stones, hewn to exact measure, from foundation to coping, inside and out, extending to the great court. The fronted πάντα ταῦτα and the merism 'from the foundation to the copings' stress the comprehensive luxury of the construction.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
πάνταallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ταῦτα)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the whole complex just described.
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'all these')→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative; 'these (structures),' summing up the palace complex.
ἐκof / frompreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: here of material — 'made of (costly stones).'
λίθωνstonesGenitivegenitive of material (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationλίθος: 'stone'; renders אֶבֶן; the dressed building-stones of the complex.
τιμίωνcostly / preciousGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying λίθων)→ relational specificationτίμιος: 'costly / precious / of great value'; renders יָקָר; the stones were costly, finely dressed masonry.
κεκολαμμέναhewn / carvedPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Nom Pl Neut · κολάπτωpredicate participle (the stones hewn to measure)→ resultative perfectκολάπτω: 'hew / chisel / carve'; the perfect participle marks the stones as cut and dressed to exact measure (cf. v.49).
ἐκto / bypreposition + genitive (according to measure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: here 'by / according to'; ἐκ διαστήματος = 'to (precise) measure.'
διαστήματοςmeasure / intervalGenitivegenitive (with ἐκ: 'to measure')→ relational specificationδιάστημα: 'interval / dimension / measured space'; the stones were cut to a set dimension.
ἔσωθενwithin / insideadverb of place ('on the inside')→ clausal contributionἔσωθεν: 'from within / inside'; the dressed stone faced inward.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (starting point of merism)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from'; with ἕως below = 'from … to,' a merism of full vertical extent.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with θεμελίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεμελίουfoundationGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationθεμέλιος: 'foundation'; renders יְסוֹד; the base of the masonry, the lower pole of the merism.
ἕωςto / as far aspreposition + genitive (end point of merism)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; with ἐκ marks the full span from base to top.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with γεισῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεισῶνcopings / cornicesGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationγεῖσος: 'coping / cornice / eave'; the top course of the wall, the upper pole of the merism 'from foundation to coping.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔξωθενoutside / on the outsideadverb of place ('on the outside')→ clausal contributionἔξωθεν: 'from outside / outside'; paired with ἔσωθεν — the costly masonry faced both inside and out.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with αὐλήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλὴνcourtAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard'; the great enclosing court of the complex.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with μεγάλην)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying αὐλήν: 'the great court')→ object specificationμέγας: 'great / large'; the great outer court (cf. v.49).
47

τὴν τεθεμελιωμένην ἐν τιμίοις λίθοις μεγάλοις λίθοις δεκαπήχεσιν καὶ τοῖς ὀκταπήχεσιν

founded on costly stones, great stones — stones of ten cubits and of eight cubits;

Continuation: the great foundation-stonesτὴν τεθεμελιωμένην
The great court is founded on costly, massive stones — of ten and of eight cubits. The participle τεθεμελιωμένην agrees with τὴν αὐλήν of v.46, and the dimensions (ten- and eight-cubit blocks) echo the great hewn foundation-stones of the temple itself (3 Kgdms 5:31).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with τεθεμελιωμένην; agreeing with αὐλήν, v.46)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεθεμελιωμένηνfoundedPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Acc Sg Fem · θεμελιόωattributive participle (modifying τὴν αὐλήν of v.46)→ resultative perfectθεμελιόω: 'lay a foundation / found'; the perfect participle describes the great court as founded / built upon massive foundation-stones.
ἐνon / withpreposition + dative (means / material)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means / material).
τιμίοιςcostlyDativeattributive adjective (modifying λίθοις)→ sphere or referenceτίμιος: 'costly / precious'; the foundation-stones were costly, dressed blocks.
λίθοιςstonesDativedative of means (founded on stones)→ sphere or referenceλίθος: 'stone'; the foundation blocks.
μεγάλοιςgreatDativeattributive adjective (modifying λίθοις)→ sphere or referenceμέγας: 'great / large'; the stones were of great size.
λίθοιςstonesDativedative (resumptive, specifying the sizes)→ sphere or referenceλίθος: 'stone'; resumed to specify the dimensions following.
δεκαπήχεσινof ten cubitsDativeattributive adjective (modifying λίθοις)→ sphere or referenceδεκάπηχυς: 'ten cubits (long)'; a compound dimensional adjective; some foundation-stones measured ten cubits.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ὀκταπήχεσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀκταπήχεσινof eight cubitsDativeattributive adjective (substantival: 'the eight-cubit ones')→ sphere or referenceὀκτάπηχυς: 'eight cubits (long)'; the other foundation-stones measured eight cubits.
48

καὶ ἐπάνωθεν τιμίοις κατὰ τὸ μέτρον ἀπελεκήτων καὶ κέδροις

and above, with costly stones cut to measure, and with cedars.

Continuation: the upper courses of stone and cedarκαὶ ἐπάνωθεν τιμίοις
Above the great foundation-stones rose costly stone cut to measure and courses of cedar. The contrast ἀπελεκήτων ('unhewn / rough-hewn') here qualifies the measured fitting of the costly stone; the cedar courses tie the upper masonry to the timber-and-stone technique noted again in v.49.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωθενaboveadverb of place ('above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνωθεν: 'above / on top'; the upper courses above the foundation-stones.
τιμίοιςwith costly stonesDativedative of means (substantival: 'costly [stones]')→ sphere or referenceτίμιος: 'costly'; here substantival, 'costly stones,' continuing the masonry of v.47.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard: 'to measure')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὸ μέτρον = 'to measure.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with μέτρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέτρονmeasureAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationμέτρον: 'measure'; the stones were dressed to a set measure.
ἀπελεκήτωνrough-hewn / unhewnGenitivegenitive (of the rough-cut stone)→ relational specificationἀπελέκητος: 'unhewn / not dressed with the axe' (from πελεκάω, 'hew with an axe'); here of stone left rough on the unseen faces while measured on the dressed faces (cf. v.49).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κέδροιςwith cedarsDativedative of means (cedar courses)→ sphere or referenceκέδρος: 'cedar (tree / wood)'; renders אֶרֶז; courses of cedar timber laid amid the stone (cf. 3 Kgdms 6:36).
49

τῆς αὐλῆς τῆς μεγάλης κύκλῳ τρεῖς στίχοι ἀπελεκήτων καὶ στίχος κεκολαμμένης κέδρου

The great court round about had three courses of rough-hewn stone and a course of carved cedar.

Continuation: the construction of the great court wallτῆς αὐλῆς τῆς μεγάλης κύκλῳ
The wall of the great court is built, round about, of three courses of hewn stone topped by a course of carved cedar — the same stone-and-cedar layering as the inner court of the temple (3 Kgdms 6:36). This completes the masonry description before the closing summary.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive of reference (the wall of the court)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard'; the great enclosing court.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μεγάλης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάληςgreatGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying αὐλῆς)→ relational specificationμέγας: 'great / large'; the great outer court (cf. v.46).
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative ('all around')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: 'circle'; dative κύκλῳ used adverbially = 'round about,' of the encircling court-wall.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (modifying στίχοι)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; three courses of stone.
στίχοιcourses / rowsNominativesubject of nominal clause→ participant prominenceστίχος: 'row / course'; the horizontal courses of the wall.
ἀπελεκήτωνof hewn stoneGenitivegenitive of content (courses of hewn stone)→ relational specificationἀπελέκητος: 'rough-hewn / axe-dressed stone'; here the dressed building-stone of the wall-courses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στίχοςa course / rowNominativesubject (the cedar course)→ participant prominenceστίχος: 'row / course'; the single topmost course, of cedar.
κεκολαμμένηςcarved / dressedPerf Mid/Pass Ptc Gen Sg Fem · κολάπτωattributive participle (modifying κέδρου: 'carved cedar')→ resultative perfectκολάπτω: 'hew / carve / chisel'; the perfect participle marks the cedar as carved / finely dressed (cf. κεκολαμμένα, v.46).
κέδρουof cedarGenitivegenitive of content (a course of cedar)→ relational specificationκέδρος: 'cedar'; the carved cedar timber forming the top course of the wall.
50

καὶ συνετέλεσεν Σαλωμων ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ

And Solomon completed the whole of his house.

Closing summary: completion of the whole houseκαὶ συνετέλεσεν Σαλωμων
The chapter closes with a final completion-formula (συνετέλεσεν … ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ), bracketing the palace account (vv.38–50) and echoing the earlier completion-notes of the bronze works (v.26) and the temple project (v.37). The verb συντελέω seals the whole building enterprise, both temple and palace, as accomplished.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσενcompleted / finishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωmain verb (completion-formula)→ consummative aorist (bringing to full completion)συντελέω: 'finish / complete fully'; renders כָּלָה; the closing completion-formula for the whole house (cf. v.26 and Gen 2:2; Exod 40:33).
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; the builder-king, named a final time as the project closes.
ὅλονwhole / entireAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὸν οἶκον)→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; renders כֹּל; the whole of the palace complex.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of συνετέλεσεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the entire royal palace, now complete.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (his house)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his' (Solomon's).