Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Third Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 8ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Γ′ Η′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The ark enters the temple, the glory fills the house, and Solomon dedicates it with prayer and sacrifice.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 3 Kingdoms 8 (= 1 Kings 8 MT) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The chapter is the centrepiece of the temple narrative: the ark is borne into the δαβιρ (the inner sanctuary, transliterating Hebrew דְּבִיר) beneath the wings of the cherubim, and the cloud of the LORD's δόξα fills the house so that the priests cannot stand to minister (vv. 1–11); Solomon then turns to bless the assembly and rehearses the LORD's word to David (vv. 14–21); standing at the altar he prays the great dedicatory prayer, opening with the incomparability of God (οὐκ ἔστιν ὡς σὺ θεός, v. 23) and the famous question whether God will truly dwell with men on earth, since οὐρανὸς καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ — heaven and the heaven of heavens — cannot contain him (v. 27); seven petitions follow (the oath at the altar, defeat before enemies, drought, famine and plague, the foreigner, war, and exile), each turning on εἰσακούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ and ἵλεως ἔσῃ ('hear from heaven and be merciful'); the prayer closes (vv. 54–61) with Solomon rising to bless the assembly because the LORD has given κατάπαυσιν ('rest'), and the chapter ends with the enormous peace-offerings, the dedication of the house, and the seven-day feast with the people dismissed χαίροντες καὶ ἀγαθῇ καρδίᾳ (vv. 62–66). The Rahlfs verse-numbering of this chapter follows the Hebrew/Masoretic count, so that the present chapter runs 1–11, then 14–66: verses 12 and 13 of the Hebrew (Solomon's couplet, 'The LORD said he would dwell in thick darkness; I have surely built you a house to dwell in') are absent at that point in the Greek, which instead embeds an expanded form of the 'sun' couplet — ἥλιον ἐγνώρισεν ἐν οὐρανῷ κύριος ... οἰκοδόμησον οἶκόν μου ... ἰδοὺ αὕτη γέγραπται ἐν βιβλίῳ τῆς ᾠδῆς ('this is written in the Book of the Song') — later, within v. 53 (after the doubled κύριε κύριε). The reference to the Book of the Song (= 'the Book of Jashar', reading השיר for הישר) is marked in the edition by an inline siglum, which is not part of the running text and is omitted here.

1

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ συντελέσαι Σαλωμων τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι τὸν οἶκον κυρίου καὶ τὸν οἶκον ἑαυτοῦ μετὰ εἴκοσι ἔτη τότε ἐξεκκλησίασεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων πάντας τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους Ισραηλ ἐν Σιων τοῦ ἀνενεγκεῖν τὴν κιβωτὸν διαθήκης κυρίου ἐκ πόλεως Δαυιδ αὕτη ἐστὶν Σιων

And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished building the house of the LORD and his own house — after twenty years — then the king Solomon assembled all the elders of Israel in Zion, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the city of David (this is Zion).

Narrative opening (new major episode: the dedication of the temple)καὶ ἐγένετο
The temporal macro-formula καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ συντελέσαι ('and it came to pass when [he] finished') renders the Hebrew וַיְהִי + infinitive construction, the standard LXX device for opening a new narrative panel. The doubled articular infinitive (ἐν τῷ συντελέσαι … τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι) frames the completion of the whole building programme — temple and palace — as the precondition for the climactic act of bringing up the ark.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of temporal macro-formula→ constative aorist (narrative onset)γίνομαι: 'become / happen / come to pass'; καὶ ἐγένετο renders Hebrew וַיְהִי, the formulaic LXX opener marking a new narrative episode and setting up the temporal clause that follows.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive συντελέσαι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντελέσαιto finishAor Act Inf · συντελέωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when he finished')→ constative (completed action as temporal frame)συντελέω: 'complete / finish / bring to an end'; renders כָּלָה; the articular infinitive ἐν τῷ συντελέσαι is the LXX's standard temporal construction, here marking the completion of the entire building programme.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonaccusative subject of the infinitive (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה; indeclinable in this stratum of the LXX (Kingdoms); the subject of the infinitive συντελέσαι and the central royal figure of the dedication.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with epexegetic infinitive οἰκοδομῆσαι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildAor Act Inf · οἰκοδομέωepexegetic/complementary infinitive (specifying what was finished)→ verbal action or stateοἰκοδομέω: 'build / construct'; renders בָּנָה; the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι defines the content of the 'finishing' — the work of building; οἰκοδομέω is the keyword of the whole temple narrative (chs. 6–8).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδομῆσαι→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; renders בַּיִת; throughout the chapter ὁ οἶκος (κυρίου) is the temple, the central object of the dedication.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession ('house of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the house belongs to YHWH, whose name it bears.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object (parallel: the king's own house)→ object specificationοἶκον: meaning 'house'; it serves as direct object (parallel: the king's own house).
ἑαυτοῦhis ownGenitivereflexive pronoun (genitive of possession)→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun 'his own'; distinguishes Solomon's palace from the temple; the pairing recalls that the palace took thirteen years (7:1) and the temple seven (6:38), hence the twenty-year span.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal).
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral (modifying ἔτη)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable cardinal; the twenty years sum the seven of the temple and the thirteen of the palace (cf. 6:38; 7:1).
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of duration→ object specificationἔτος: 'year'; the accusative plural marks the span of time over which the two houses were built.
τότεthentemporal adverb (resumptive: marks the apodosis)→ adverbial qualificationτότε: 'then / at that time'; resumes the main narrative line after the temporal clause, introducing the act of assembling the elders.
ἐξεκκλησίασενassembledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξεκκλησιάζωmain verb of the apodosis→ constative aorist (single decisive act)ἐξεκκλησιάζω: 'summon to assembly / convoke'; renders הִקְהִיל; the verb is cognate with ἐκκλησία ('assembly'), the term used repeatedly in this chapter for the gathered congregation of Israel.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων is the recurring designation of the royal dedicator throughout the chapter.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonnominative in apposition to ὁ βασιλεύς (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative in apposition to ὁ βασιλεύς (indeclinable).
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πρεσβυτέρους)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; emphasises the comprehensiveness of the gathering — the entire eldership of Israel.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςeldersAccusativedirect object of ἐξεκκλησίασεν→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: 'elder / older man'; renders זָקֵן; the elders are the representative leadership of the tribes, summoned as Israel's official body for the transfer of the ark.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; here in genitival relation ('elders of Israel').
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣιωνZiondative object of ἐν (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣιων: transliteration of Hebrew צִיּוֹן; indeclinable; identified at the verse's end with the city of David, the place from which the ark is carried up to the temple mount.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose ἀνενεγκεῖν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνενεγκεῖνto bring upAor Act Inf · ἀναφέρωgenitive articular infinitive of purpose→ telic (purpose of the assembly)ἀναφέρω: 'carry up / bring up / offer up'; renders הֶעֱלָה; the purpose of the convocation is the solemn 'bringing up' of the ark — a cultic procession, the verb also used for offering sacrifice.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkAccusativedirect object of ἀνενεγκεῖν→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'box / chest / ark'; renders אֲרוֹן; the ark of the covenant is the central sacred object of the chapter, the visible token of the LORD's presence enthroned over the cherubim.
διαθήκηςof the covenantGenitivegenitive (defining: 'ark of the covenant')→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: 'covenant / testament'; renders בְּרִית; the ark contains the tablets of the covenant (v. 9), hence 'ark of the covenant of the LORD.'
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying διαθήκης)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the covenant is YHWH's.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source of the procession)→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; renders עִיר; the 'city of David' is the older fortified Zion, from which the ark is carried up to the new temple.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitival modifier of πόλεως (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliteration of Hebrew דָּוִד; indeclinable; the 'city of David' anchors the ark's resting-place historically in the conqueror of Jerusalem.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of identifying clause)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the glossing clause αὕτη ἐστὶν Σιων ('this is Zion') equates the city of David with Zion, a narratorial identification.
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (identifying clause)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; the present copula links the city of David with Zion in an explanatory aside.
ΣιωνZionpredicate nominative (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΣιων: the predicate of identification; the narrator clarifies that the city of David and Zion are one.
2

ἐν μηνὶ Αθανιν

in the month Athanin.

Temporal specification (continues v. 1: the time of the assembly)ἐν μηνὶ
A terse temporal note. The Greek preserves the Canaanite/old-Hebrew month-name Αθανιν (Hebrew אֵתָנִים, the seventh month, later Tishri — the month of the autumn festivals), transliterated rather than translated. The verse is far shorter than the MT, which adds 'which is the seventh month' — a typical abbreviation of the OG.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
μηνὶmonthDativedative of time (locative-temporal)→ sphere or referenceμήν: 'month'; renders חֹדֶשׁ; the dative of time fixes the dedication in the seventh month, the season of the autumn pilgrimage feasts (Tabernacles).
ΑθανινAthaninindeclinable month-name (in apposition to μηνί)→ participant identificationΑθανιν: transliteration of Hebrew אֵתָנִים ('the [month] of steady streams'), the old name of the seventh month (later Tishri); the LXX preserves the archaic name untranslated.
3

καὶ ἦραν οἱ ἱερεῖς τὴν κιβωτὸν

And the priests took up the ark,

Narrative continuation (the procession begins)καὶ ἦραν
Plain καί-parataxis advances the action: the priests lift the ark. In the dedication narrative the carrying of the ark is reserved to the priests (and the Levites), in keeping with the regulations of the sacred furniture; the verb αἴρω ('lift / take up') describes the start of the cultic procession.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦρανtook upAor Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωmain verb→ constative aorist (single act of lifting)αἴρω: 'lift / take up / carry'; renders נָשָׂא; the verb for hoisting the ark onto the shoulders or carrying-poles to begin the procession to the temple.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the priests alone handle the ark in the sanctuary procession, a mark of its supreme holiness.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkAccusativedirect object→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'ark'; see v. 1; the object borne up to its resting place in the inner sanctuary.
4

καὶ τὸ σκήνωμα τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια τὰ ἐν τῷ σκηνώματι τοῦ μαρτυρίου

and the tent of witness, and all the holy vessels that were in the tent of witness.

Coordinate continuation (the further objects carried up)καὶ τὸ σκήνωμα
The verse lists the further sacred objects brought up alongside the ark: the tent of witness and all its holy vessels. The phrase τὸ σκήνωμα τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness') renders אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, the Mosaic tabernacle; its incorporation into the temple symbolises the continuity of the wilderness cult with the new sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the objects of ἦραν)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκήνωμαtentAccusativedirect object (coordinate with κιβωτόν of v. 3)→ object specificationσκήνωμα: 'tent / dwelling / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל; with τοῦ μαρτυρίου it designates the Mosaic tent of meeting carried up into the temple.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders מוֹעֵד (here understood as 'witness'); τὸ σκήνωμα τοῦ μαρτυρίου is the standard LXX rendering of the 'tent of meeting,' the locus of God's self-revelation to Moses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the sacred furnishings is transferred — nothing of the old cult is left behind.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object (coordinate object)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement / article'; renders כֵּלִים; the holy utensils of the tabernacle cult brought up with the ark.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἅγια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholyAccusativeattributive adjective ('the holy vessels')→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; marks the vessels as consecrated, belonging to the sacred sphere.
τὰthe / whichAccusativearticle (attributive, introducing the prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματιtentDativedative of place (where the vessels were)→ sphere or referenceσκήνωμα: 'tent'; see above; the location of the holy vessels prior to the transfer.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see above; repeats the formula τὸ σκήνωμα τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
5

καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ ἔμπροσθεν τῆς κιβωτοῦ θύοντες πρόβατα καὶ βόας ἀναρίθμητα

And the king and all Israel were before the ark, sacrificing sheep and oxen without number.

Coordinate continuation (the sacrificial accompaniment of the procession)καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς
The verse, lacking a finite verb, describes the scene around the ark through the present participle θύοντες ('sacrificing'): king and people together offer countless victims as the ark is borne up. The hyperbole ἀναρίθμητα ('innumerable') conveys the overwhelming scale of the dedicatory worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon, here joined with the whole people in the act of worship before the ark.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying Ισραηλ)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; πᾶς Ισραηλ ('all Israel') is the corporate worshipping community sharing in the sacrifice.
ΙσραηλIsraelsubject (indeclinable, coordinate with ὁ βασιλεύς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the whole nation, joined to the king in the dedicatory sacrifice.
ἔμπροσθενbeforepreposition + genitive (position: 'in front of')→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: 'before / in front of'; locates king and people facing the ark as it is carried — the posture of worship before the divine presence.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτοῦarkGenitivegenitive object of ἔμπροσθεν→ relational specificationκιβωτός: 'ark'; the focal point of the procession and worship.
θύοντεςsacrificingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · θύωcircumstantial participle (describing king and people)→ imperfective (ongoing accompanying action)θύω: 'sacrifice / slaughter (for sacrifice)'; renders זָבַח; the present participle depicts the continuous offering of victims throughout the procession.
πρόβαταsheepAccusativedirect object of θύοντες→ object specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; renders צֹאן; the flock animals offered in vast number.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόαςoxenAccusativedirect object (coordinate with πρόβατα)→ object specificationβοῦς: 'ox / head of cattle'; renders בָּקָר; the larger herd animals, paired with sheep as the two classes of sacrificial victims.
ἀναρίθμηταinnumerableAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying both objects)→ object specificationἀναρίθμητος: 'countless / without number'; renders אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִסָּפְרוּ; hyperbole stressing the lavish abundance of the dedicatory sacrifice.
6

καὶ εἰσφέρουσιν οἱ ἱερεῖς τὴν κιβωτὸν εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτῆς εἰς τὸ δαβιρ τοῦ οἴκου εἰς τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας τῶν χερουβιν

And the priests bring in the ark to its place, into the inner sanctuary of the house, into the holy of holies, under the wings of the cherubim.

Climactic narrative present (the ark reaches its resting-place)καὶ εἰσφέρουσιν
The historic present εἰσφέρουσιν makes the central act vivid: the priests deposit the ark in its destined place. A cascade of εἰς-phrases narrows the location step by step — its place, the δαβιρ (inner sanctuary), the holy of holies, under the cherubim's wings — focusing the reader's eye on the innermost point of the sanctuary, where the LORD is enthroned.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσφέρουσινthey bring inPres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰσφέρωmain verb (historic present)→ historic present (vivid narration of the climactic act)εἰσφέρω: 'carry in / bring into'; renders הֵבִיא; the historic present heightens the drama of the ark's installation in its final resting-place.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; only the priests may enter the inner sanctuary to set the ark in place.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkAccusativedirect object→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'ark'; the object brought into the holy of holies.
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (goal of motion)→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; renders מָקוֹם; the ark's appointed resting-place, specified in the following phrases.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the ark's place)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its'; the place belongs to the ark, prepared for it within the sanctuary.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal, in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal, in apposition).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δαβιρinner sanctuaryaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable transliteration)→ clausal contributionδαβιρ: transliteration of Hebrew דְּבִיר, the innermost room of the temple (the 'oracle' / inner sanctuary); left untranslated as a technical term, it is glossed by the following τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων ('holy of holies').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive (defining: 'the δαβιρ of the house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the δαβιρ is the innermost part of the temple-house.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal, in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal, in apposition).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholyAccusativesubstantivized adjective (with τῶν ἁγίων: 'holy of holies')→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; the phrase τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων renders קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים ('holy of holies'), the superlative Hebrew construction translated by a Greek genitive of comparison.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholiesGenitivepartitive/superlative genitive (Hebraism for the superlative)→ relational specificationἅγιος: the genitive plural in τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων reproduces the Hebrew superlative idiom ('the holiest place').
ὑπὸunderpreposition + accusative (position beneath)→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position beneath).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτέρυγαςwingsAccusativeaccusative object of ὑπό (the cherubim's wings)→ object specificationπτέρυξ: 'wing'; renders כָּנָף; the great gold-overlaid cherubim of the δαβιρ (6:23–28) spread their wings over the ark's place.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimgenitive (defining: 'wings of the cherubim'; indeclinable transliteration)→ clausal contributionχερουβιν: transliteration of Hebrew כְּרוּבִים, the winged guardian figures; indeclinable in the LXX; their outspread wings form a canopy over the ark, the throne-symbol of the LORD's invisible presence.
7

ὅτι τὰ χερουβιν διαπεπετασμένα ταῖς πτέρυξιν ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τῆς κιβωτοῦ καὶ περιεκάλυπτον τὰ χερουβιν ἐπὶ τὴν κιβωτὸν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἅγια αὐτῆς ἐπάνωθεν

For the cherubim were spread out with their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubim covered over the ark and over its holy things from above.

Explanatory clause (why the ark stands under the wings)ὅτι
ὅτι ('for') introduces the explanatory description of the cherubim's posture: their wings, perfect-passive διαπεπετασμένα ('spread out'), arch over the ark's place, and the imperfect περιεκάλυπτον ('were covering over') paints their abiding canopy over the ark from above — the visual realisation of the divine throne over the cherubim.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὅτιforcausal/explanatory conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; introduces the explanation of why the ark rests beneath the wings — the cherubim overshadow its place.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimsubject (indeclinable; neuter article shows construal)→ noun-phrase markingχερουβιν: indeclinable; here construed as neuter plural (τὰ χερουβιν), subject of the description.
διαπεπετασμέναspread outPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Neut · διαπετάννυμιpredicate participle (periphrastic: 'were spread out')→ stative perfect (settled, abiding posture)διαπετάννυμι: 'spread out / extend fully'; the perfect participle expresses the fixed, abiding state of the cherubim's wings extended over the ark — a permanent canopy, not a momentary gesture.
ταῖςthe / theirDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτέρυξινwingsDativedative of respect/instrument ('spread out as to / with the wings')→ sphere or referenceπτέρυξ: 'wing'; the dative specifies the means or respect in which the cherubim are 'spread out' — by their wings.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (position above)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position above).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; the place of the ark, over which the wings extend.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτοῦarkGenitivegenitive (defining: 'place of the ark')→ relational specificationκιβωτός: 'ark'; the object whose place the cherubim overshadow.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεκάλυπτονthey covered overImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · περικαλύπτωmain verb (imperfect of continuing state)→ descriptive imperfect (abiding canopy)περικαλύπτω: 'cover all around / overshadow'; the imperfect depicts the cherubim's ongoing, abiding covering of the ark — a protective and concealing canopy over the divine throne-seat.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimsubject of περιεκάλυπτον (indeclinable)→ clausal contributionχερουβιν: indeclinable; repeated as the subject of the covering action.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (position above)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position above).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'ark'; the object covered over by the wings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (position above)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position above).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy thingsAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object of ἐπί)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; here substantivized, 'its holy things' — the sacred appurtenances of the ark (its poles or contents) likewise overshadowed.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the ark's holy things)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its'; refers back to the ark.
ἐπάνωθενfrom aboveadverb of place (direction: 'from above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνωθεν: 'from above / overhead'; emphasises that the cherubim's wings form an overarching canopy above the ark.
8

καὶ ὑπερεῖχον τὰ ἡγιασμένα καὶ ἐνεβλέποντο αἱ κεφαλαὶ τῶν ἡγιασμένων ἐκ τῶν ἁγίων εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ δαβιρ καὶ οὐκ ὠπτάνοντο ἔξω

And the consecrated poles projected, and the heads of the consecrated poles were visible from the holy place toward the front of the inner sanctuary, but they were not seen outside.

Coordinate description (the carrying-poles of the ark)καὶ ὑπερεῖχον
The verse describes the ark's carrying-poles (τὰ ἡγιασμένα, lit. 'the consecrated [things]'): they protrude so that their heads (αἱ κεφαλαί) are visible from the holy place toward the front of the δαβιρ, but not from outside — a detail of the sanctuary's sacred geometry. The repeated passive verbs (ἐνεβλέποντο, ὠπτάνοντο) treat visibility itself as the theme.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερεῖχονprojectedImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑπερέχωmain verb (imperfect of state)→ descriptive imperfect (abiding condition)ὑπερέχω: 'project / protrude / extend beyond'; here of the ark's carrying-poles, which were so long that they extended out from the inner sanctuary (cf. the parallel detail in 2 Chr 5:9).
τὰtheNominativearticle (with substantivized participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγιασμέναconsecrated [poles]Perf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Neut · ἁγιάζωsubstantivized participle (subject: 'the consecrated things' = the poles)→ stative perfect (settled consecrated state)ἁγιάζω: 'consecrate / make holy'; the substantivized perfect participle τὰ ἡγιασμένα ('the consecrated things') here designates the ark's carrying-poles (Hebrew בַּדִּים), rendered by their sacred status rather than their form.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεβλέποντοwere visibleImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐμβλέπωmain verb (imperfect passive of state)→ descriptive imperfect (continuing visibility)ἐμβλέπω: 'look at / be seen'; the passive ἐνεβλέποντο ('were looked upon / were visible') describes how the heads of the poles could be seen from a particular vantage.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλαὶheadsNominativesubject of ἐνεβλέποντο→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: 'head / end'; here the projecting tips of the carrying-poles, visible from inside the holy place.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with substantivized participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγιασμένωνconsecrated [poles]Perf Pass Ptcp Gen Pl · ἁγιάζωsubstantivized participle (genitive: 'of the consecrated poles')→ stative perfectἁγιάζω: see above; repeats the designation of the carrying-poles as 'the consecrated things.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (vantage-point)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (vantage-point).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy placeGenitivesubstantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ: the holy place)→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; τὰ ἅγια here is the holy place (the nave), the vantage from which the poles' heads could be seen toward the δαβιρ.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiomatic: 'toward the front')→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front / surface'; εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ δαβιρ = 'toward the front/face of the inner sanctuary,' a Hebraism (לִפְנֵי) for the forward-facing aspect.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δαβιρinner sanctuarygenitive (defining: 'front of the δαβιρ'; indeclinable)→ clausal contributionδαβιρ: transliteration of Hebrew דְּבִיר; see v. 6; the inner sanctuary toward whose front the poles point.
καὶbutcoordinate conjunction (here adversative in sense)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegation (with ὠπτάνοντο)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle; the poles were not visible from the outside, marking the boundary of the sacred interior.
ὠπτάνοντοwere seenImpf Pass Indic 3 Pl · ὀπτάνομαιmain verb (imperfect passive, negated)→ descriptive imperfect (continuing non-visibility)ὀπτάνομαι: 'be seen / appear'; the negated passive states that the poles could not be seen from outside the holy place — a detail of the temple's sacred concealment.
ἔξωoutsideadverb of place (locating the line of sight)→ clausal contributionἔξω: 'outside / without'; marks the limit beyond which the consecrated poles were no longer visible.
9

οὐκ ἦν ἐν τῇ κιβωτῷ πλὴν δύο πλάκες λίθιναι πλάκες τῆς διαθήκης ἃς ἔθηκεν ἐκεῖ Μωυσῆς ἐν Χωρηβ ἃ διέθετο κύριος μετὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύεσθαι αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου

There was nothing in the ark except the two stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant, which Moses placed there at Horeb, which the LORD made with the sons of Israel when they came out of the land of Egypt.

Explanatory aside (the ark's sole contents)οὐκ ἦν
A narratorial parenthesis on the ark's contents: nothing but the two stone tablets of the covenant Moses deposited at Horeb. The detail roots the temple cult in the Sinai/Horeb covenant; the ark is essentially the covenant-document chest, and the relative clauses (ἃς … ἃ) tie the present dedication back to the Exodus and the law-giving.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
οὐκnotnegation (with ἦν)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle; with πλήν establishes the exclusive statement of the ark's contents.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential)→ descriptive imperfect (abiding state)εἰμί: 'be / exist'; the existential imperfect 'there was [nothing]' describes the abiding contents of the ark.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτῷarkDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceκιβωτός: 'ark'; the container whose contents are now specified.
πλὴνexceptexceptive particle ('except / only')→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / besides'; renders Hebrew רַק / כִּי אִם; restricts the ark's contents to the two tablets alone.
δύοtwoindeclinable numeral (modifying πλάκες)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two tablets of the Decalogue.
πλάκεςtabletsNominativepredicate nominative (the contents)→ participant prominenceπλάξ: 'tablet / flat slab'; renders לוּחַ; the stone tablets of the covenant inscribed at Sinai/Horeb.
λίθιναιof stoneNominativeattributive adjective (modifying πλάκες)→ participant prominenceλίθινος: 'made of stone'; renders אֶבֶן; emphasises the durable, sacred material of the covenant tablets.
πλάκεςtabletsNominativenominative in apposition ('the tablets of the covenant')→ participant prominenceπλάξ: repeated in apposition, now defined by τῆς διαθήκης as the covenant-tablets.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηςcovenantGenitivegenitive (defining: 'tablets of the covenant')→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: 'covenant'; the tablets are the very document of the Sinai covenant, giving the ark its name (v. 1).
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔθηκεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the clause linking the tablets to Moses' deposit at Horeb.
ἔθηκενplacedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίθημιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (single past deposit)τίθημι: 'place / put / set'; renders שָׂם / נָתַן; Moses' deposit of the tablets into the ark at Horeb.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; refers to the ark as the place of deposit.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἔθηκεν→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; declined as a noun (nom. Μωυσῆς) in this verse; the lawgiver who placed the tablets in the ark.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΧωρηβHorebdative object of ἐν (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΧωρηβ: transliteration of Hebrew חֹרֵב; indeclinable; the mountain of the law-giving (= Sinai in the Deuteronomic tradition).
which thingsAccusativerelative pronoun (neuter pl., object of διέθετο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun (neuter plural); the antecedent is loosely the covenant-stipulations, object of διέθετο in the covenant idiom.
διέθετοmade (covenant)Aor Mid Indic 3 Sg · διατίθημιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (covenant-making act)διατίθημι (mid.): 'arrange / make a covenant'; renders כָּרַת בְּרִית; the middle διέθετο is the standard LXX idiom for 'making' a covenant, here the Horeb covenant with Israel.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of διέθετο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; YHWH is the covenant-maker at Horeb.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (covenant partner)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; the covenant is made 'with' Israel, διατίθημι μετά rendering כָּרַת ... עִם.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') is the standard LXX designation of the nation.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; defines the covenant partner as the sons of Israel.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορεύεσθαιto come outPres Mid Inf · ἐκπορεύομαιarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when they came out')→ imperfective (the exodus as ongoing departure)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / come forth'; renders יָצָא; ἐν τῷ ἐκπορεύεσθαι αὐτούς is the temporal frame fixing the covenant at the Exodus.
αὐτοὺςtheyAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτός: the accusative subject of the articular infinitive ('when they came out').
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; γῆ Αἰγύπτου ('land of Egypt') is the place of bondage left at the Exodus.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (defining: 'land of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: standard LXX form of מִצְרַיִם; declined (gen. Αἰγύπτου); the land from which Israel was redeemed when the covenant was made.
10

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἐξῆλθον οἱ ἱερεῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἁγίου καὶ ἡ νεφέλη ἔπλησεν τὸν οἶκον

And it came to pass, when the priests came out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house;

Narrative climax (the theophany)καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς
The macro-formula καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ('and it came to pass when') introduces the theophanic climax of the installation: as the priests withdraw, the cloud — the visible sign of the LORD's presence — fills the house. The apodosis is introduced by a redundant καί (a Hebraism, וַ-apodosis), marking the descent of the glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (temporal macro-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of temporal macro-formula→ constative aorist (narrative pivot)γίνομαι: καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς renders וַיְהִי כְּ, the formula introducing the climactic theophany.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when / as'; introduces the temporal clause locating the theophany at the priests' withdrawal.
ἐξῆλθονcame outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιverb of temporal clause→ constative aorist (completed departure)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; renders יָצָא; the priests withdraw from the holy place, clearing it for the descent of the glory.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject of ἐξῆλθον→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; their exit marks the transition from human ministry to divine manifestation.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουholy placeGenitivesubstantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; τὸ ἅγιον here = the holy place of the sanctuary, from which the priests withdraw.
καὶ[that]apodotic καί (Hebraism: introduces the main clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here the apodotic καί rendering the Hebrew waw of the apodosis after a temporal clause — left untranslated or rendered 'then / that' in English.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφέληcloudNominativesubject of ἔπλησεν→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: 'cloud'; renders עָנָן; the cloud is the theophanic sign of the LORD's presence, recalling the pillar of cloud at the Exodus and the cloud over the tabernacle (Exod 40:34–35).
ἔπλησενfilledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίμπλημιmain verb (apodosis)→ constative aorist (completed filling)πίμπλημι: 'fill'; renders מָלֵא; the cloud fills the house, the visible token of YHWH taking up residence in the temple.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ἔπλησεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the whole temple is suffused by the cloud of glory.
11

καὶ οὐκ ἠδύναντο οἱ ἱερεῖς στῆναι λειτουργεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς νεφέλης ὅτι ἔπλησεν δόξα κυρίου τὸν οἶκον

and the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud, for the glory of the LORD filled the house.

Result + explanation (the overwhelming presence)καὶ οὐκ ἠδύναντο
The consequence of the theophany: the priests cannot stand to minister 'from the face of the cloud' (ἀπὸ προσώπου, a Hebraism for 'because of'). The ὅτι-clause supplies the cause and names the phenomenon explicitly — δόξα κυρίου, 'the glory of the LORD,' the kābôd that fills the house, the very presence too overwhelming for human service.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἠδύναντο)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle; the priests were unable to function in the presence of the glory.
ἠδύναντοwere ableImpf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · δύναμαιmain verb (negated)→ descriptive imperfect (continuing inability)δύναμαι: 'be able'; renders יָכֹל; the imperfect describes the priests' sustained inability to minister while the glory filled the house.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; those whose normal service is interrupted by the theophany.
στῆναιto standAor Act Inf · ἵστημιcomplementary infinitive (with ἠδύναντο)→ ingressive aorist (take their stand)ἵστημι: 'stand / take one's stand'; 'to stand to minister' is the idiom for serving in the LORD's presence (cf. Deut 10:8); the priests cannot take their ministering position.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωcomplementary/epexegetic infinitive (purpose of standing)→ imperfective (ongoing service)λειτουργέω: 'perform service / minister'; renders שֵׁרֵת; the technical term for cultic ministry, which the priests cannot carry out while the cloud fills the house.
ἀπὸbecause of / frompreposition + genitive (Hebraism: causal 'because of')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπὸ προσώπου ('from the face of') is a Hebraism (מִפְּנֵי) meaning 'because of' — the cloud's presence is the cause of the priests' incapacity.
προσώπουface / presenceGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (Hebraistic causal idiom)→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; in ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς νεφέλης it carries the causal force 'because of the cloud.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφέληςcloudGenitivegenitive (defining: 'face of the cloud')→ relational specificationνεφέλη: 'cloud'; the theophanic cloud whose presence drives the priests out.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; introduces the explanatory clause naming the glory as the cause.
ἔπλησενfilledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίμπλημιverb of causal clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: 'fill'; repeats the verb of v. 10, now with δόξα κυρίου as subject — the explicit identification of the cloud with the divine glory.
δόξαgloryNominativesubject of ἔπλησεν→ participant prominenceδόξα: 'glory / splendour'; renders כָּבוֹד; the δόξα κυρίου is the manifest presence of YHWH, the kābôd that filled the tabernacle (Exod 40:34) and now the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δόξα)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the glory is YHWH's own.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ἔπλησεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the dwelling now filled with the divine glory.
14

καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ εὐλόγησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πάντα Ισραηλ καὶ πᾶσα ἐκκλησία Ισραηλ εἱστήκει

And the king turned his face and blessed all Israel, and the whole assembly of Israel was standing.

New scene (Solomon turns from the altar to bless the people)καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν
After the theophany (and the absent MT couplet of vv. 12–13), the narrative resumes with Solomon turning his face from the sanctuary to face the people and bless them. The closing circumstantial clause (πᾶσα ἐκκλησία … εἱστήκει, pluperfect of state) sets the standing congregation as the audience for the blessing and the prayer that follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστρεψενturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστρέφωmain verb→ constative aorist (single act of turning)ἀποστρέφω: 'turn away / turn round'; renders הֵסֵב; Solomon turns from facing the sanctuary to face the assembled people for the blessing.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon as leader of the assembly's worship.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστρεψεν→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face'; the object turned — Solomon redirects his gaze toward the congregation.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; possessive with πρόσωπον.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb→ constative aorist (single act of blessing)εὐλογέω: 'bless / speak well of'; renders בֵּרַךְ; the king pronounces a blessing over the assembly, the priestly-royal act framing the prayer.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (repeated)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: repeated subject, emphasising Solomon's role.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying Ισραηλ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the blessing extends to the whole nation.
ΙσραηλIsraeldirect object of εὐλόγησεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the object of the king's blessing, the whole people.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing circumstantial clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαall / wholeNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐκκλησία)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'whole / all'; πᾶσα ἐκκλησία = 'the whole assembly.'
ἐκκλησίαassemblyNominativesubject of εἱστήκει→ participant prominenceἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'; renders קָהָל; the gathered worshipping community of Israel, standing to receive the blessing.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; defines the assembly as Israel's.
εἱστήκειwas standingPlpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb of circumstantial clause (pluperfect of state)→ stative pluperfect (abiding posture)ἵστημι: 'stand'; the intransitive pluperfect εἱστήκει functions as an imperfect of state ('was standing'), describing the congregation's posture during the blessing and prayer.
15

καὶ εἶπεν εὐλογητὸς κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ σήμερον ὃς ἐλάλησεν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ περὶ Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ ἐπλήρωσεν λέγων

And he said, 'Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, today, who spoke with his mouth concerning David my father, and with his hands has fulfilled it, saying:'

Direct speech: the berakah introducing the historical recitalκαὶ εἶπεν
Solomon's blessing opens with the classic berakah-formula εὐλογητὸς κύριος ('blessed be the LORD'), rendering בָּרוּךְ יהוה. The antithesis 'spoke with his mouth … fulfilled with his hands' (ἐλάλησεν ἐν τῷ στόματι … ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν … ἐπλήρωσεν) frames the whole recital around the reliability of the divine word: what God promised to David he has now accomplished in the temple.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces Solomon's blessing-speech.
εὐλογητὸςblessedNominativepredicate adjective (berakah-formula)→ participant prominenceεὐλογητός: 'blessed / worthy of praise'; renders בָּרוּךְ; εὐλογητὸς κύριος is the standard OT doxological formula ascribing praise to God for his deeds.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of the berakah→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the one blessed for fulfilling his promise to David.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativeapposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ('the God of Israel') is the covenant title binding YHWH to his people.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the people whose God YHWH is.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; renders הַיּוֹם; marks the dedication day as the moment of the promise's fulfilment.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐλάλησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the relative clause recounting the LORD's word and its fulfilment.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the past promise)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the divine word spoken to David (2 Sam 7), now fulfilled.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματιmouthDativedative of instrument ('with his mouth')→ sphere or referenceστόμα: 'mouth'; renders פֶּה; the antithesis 'mouth … hands' contrasts promise and performance — the word spoken and the deed accomplished.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; God's own mouth.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (reference).
ΔαυιδDavidgenitive object of περί (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; the recipient of the dynastic promise (2 Sam 7).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitiveapposition to Δαυιδ→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; David is Solomon's father, grounding Solomon's reign and temple-building in the Davidic promise.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship (1st person)→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; Solomon speaks of David as 'my father.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (antithesis: mouth/hands)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσὶνhandsDativedative of instrument ('with his hands')→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; the 'hands' represent God's effective action, fulfilling what the 'mouth' promised.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; God's own hands.
ἐπλήρωσενfulfilledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πληρόωmain verb of relative clause (parallel to ἐλάλησεν)→ constative aorist (accomplished fulfilment)πληρόω: 'fill / fulfil / accomplish'; renders מִלֵּא; the word spoken to David has now been brought to completion in the building of the temple.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the quoted oracle)→ imperfective (introduces direct discourse)λέγω: the participle λέγων is the standard LXX speech-introducer (rendering לֵאמֹר), introducing the quoted divine word that follows in vv. 16–19.
16

ἀφ᾿ ἧς ἡμέρας ἐξήγαγον τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ισραηλ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου οὐκ ἐξελεξάμην ἐν πόλει ἐν ἑνὶ σκήπτρῳ Ισραηλ τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον τοῦ εἶναι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐξελεξάμην ἐν Ιερουσαλημ εἶναι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐξελεξάμην τὸν Δαυιδ τοῦ εἶναι ἐπὶ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ισραηλ

'From the day I brought my people Israel out of Egypt I chose no city among any tribe of Israel to build a house for my name to be there; but I chose Jerusalem for my name to be there, and I chose David to be over my people Israel.'

Quoted divine oracle (the double election: Jerusalem and David)ἀφ᾿ ἧς ἡμέρας
The quoted word of YHWH spans from the Exodus to the present, structured by a triple ἐκλέγομαι ('I chose'): the LORD chose no city before, but chose Jerusalem for his name and chose David for his people. The LXX places the election of city and king in parallel — the temple-city and the dynasty are the two foci of the divine choice that the dedication now consummates.
Word-by-word analysis· 49 words
ἀφ᾿frompreposition + genitive (temporal source, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀφ᾿ ἧς ἡμέρας ('from the day that') is a temporal idiom marking the span since the Exodus.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (with ἡμέρας)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; 'from which day.'
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (temporal)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the reference-point is the day of the Exodus.
ἐξήγαγονI brought outAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐξάγωverb of temporal clause (1st person: YHWH)→ constative aorist (the exodus event)ἐξάγω: 'lead out / bring out'; renders הוֹצִיא; the standard exodus verb, with YHWH as first-person agent of the deliverance.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleAccusativedirect object→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; ὁ λαός μου ('my people') is YHWH's covenant designation of Israel.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; the covenant bond — Israel is YHWH's own people.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelaccusative in apposition to λαόν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; names the people brought out of Egypt.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: declined (gen. Αἰγύπτου); the land of bondage.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἐξελεξάμην)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative; YHWH chose no city for his name before Jerusalem.
ἐξελεξάμηνI choseAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐκλέγομαιmain verb (negated, first in the election series)→ constative aorist (decisive choice)ἐκλέγομαι: 'choose / select for oneself'; renders בָּחַר; the keyword of the oracle, repeated three times; the middle voice underlines that the choice is for YHWH's own purpose.
ἐνin / amongpreposition + dative (Hebraistic object of choosing)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: the construction ἐκλέγομαι ἐν renders the Hebrew בָּחַר בְּ ('choose in/among'), a Hebraism.
πόλειa cityDativedative object of choosing (Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceπόλις: 'city'; no city was chosen for the name before Jerusalem.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative.
ἑνὶoneDativeattributive numeral (modifying σκήπτρῳ)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; ἐν ἑνὶ σκήπτρῳ = 'in any one tribe' — no single tribe's city was chosen.
σκήπτρῳtribeDativedative (sphere of the choosing)→ sphere or referenceσκῆπτρον: 'staff / sceptre / tribe'; here renders שֵׁבֶט ('tribe / staff'), the LXX exploiting the double sense of the Hebrew word to mean 'tribe.'
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'any tribe of Israel.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildAor Act Inf · οἰκοδομέωgenitive articular infinitive of purpose→ telic (purpose of the choice)οἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the purpose for which a city might have been chosen — to build a house for the name.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδομῆσαι→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the house for the name (= the temple).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίgenitive articular infinitive of purpose→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: 'be'; τοῦ εἶναι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐκεῖ ('that my name might be there') — the name-theology of Deuteronomy (cf. Deut 12:5).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the temple is the dwelling of YHWH's 'name,' the Deuteronomic mode of his presence.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; the name is YHWH's.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the chosen place where the name dwells.
καὶbut / andcoordinate conjunction (adversative in sense)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεξάμηνI choseAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐκλέγομαιmain verb (second in the election series)→ constative aorist (decisive choice of Jerusalem)ἐκλέγομαι: 'choose'; the positive counterpart — Jerusalem is now chosen for the name.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (Hebraistic object of choosing)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: ἐκλέγομαι ἐν Ιερουσαλημ = 'I chose Jerusalem' (Hebraism).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemobject of choosing (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliteration of Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם; indeclinable; the chosen city of the name.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive of purpose→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: 'be'; that the name might be there in Jerusalem.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameAccusativeaccusative subject of εἶναι→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; YHWH's name, now resident in Jerusalem.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; in Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεξάμηνI choseAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐκλέγομαιmain verb (third in the election series)→ constative aorist (decisive choice of David)ἐκλέγομαι: 'choose'; the third election — David is chosen for the people, paralleling the choice of the city for the name.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with proper noun, marking the object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDaviddirect object of ἐξελεξάμην (indeclinable; articular)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; the chosen king, here with the article τὸν marking him as object.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive of purpose→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: 'be'; that David might be 'over my people' — the purpose of his election to rule.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (rule over)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'over'; of rule or authority over the people.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; the people David is chosen to rule.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; YHWH's people.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelaccusative in apposition to λαόν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; names the people over whom David rules.
17

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τῆς καρδίας Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρός μου οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματι κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ

And it was upon the heart of David my father to build a house for the name of the LORD, the God of Israel.

Recital continues (David's desire to build)καὶ ἐγένετο
Solomon resumes the historical recital: it was 'upon David's heart' (ἐπὶ τῆς καρδίας, a Hebraism, עַל לֵב) to build the house for the name. The idiom presents the temple-project as David's cherished intention, which the LORD will defer to his son (vv. 18–19).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit was / came to beAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (idiomatic: 'it came to be upon his heart')→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'come to be / happen'; ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τῆς καρδίας renders הָיָה עִם לֵב / עַל לֵב ('it was in/on the heart'), the idiom for forming an intention.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (Hebraistic idiom of intention)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; ἐπὶ τῆς καρδίας ('upon the heart') is the seat of purpose and desire.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; the inner seat of will and intention — David's desire to build the temple.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitive (defining: 'heart of David'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; whose heart held the intention.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitiveapposition to Δαυιδ→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; David is Solomon's father.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildAor Act Inf · οἰκοδομέωepexegetic infinitive (the content of the intention)→ verbal action or stateοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the infinitive specifies what was on David's heart — the building of the house.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδομῆσαι→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the object of David's intention.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameDativedative of advantage ('for the name')→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the house is built 'for the name' of YHWH — the Deuteronomic name-theology.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ὀνόματι)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the name belongs to YHWH.
θεοῦGodGenitiveapposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; κύριος θεὸς Ισραηλ, the full covenant title.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; completes the title 'the God of Israel.'
18

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Δαυιδ τὸν πατέρα μου ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν σου τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματί μου καλῶς ἐποίησας ὅτι ἐγενήθη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν σου

But the LORD said to David my father, 'Because it came upon your heart to build a house for my name, you did well that it came upon your heart;'

Quoted divine response to David's intentionκαὶ εἶπεν κύριος
The LORD's response commends David's intention even while deferring its execution. ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ('because') introduces the ground of commendation, and καλῶς ἐποίησας ('you did well') affirms the piety of the desire — the intent is approved though the deed is reserved for the son.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶand / butnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the LORD's reply to David.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; YHWH responds to David's intention.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΔαυιδDavidaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; the addressee.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέραfatherAccusativeapposition to Δαυιδ→ object specificationπατήρ: 'father'; David is Solomon's father.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
ἀνθ᾿becausepreposition + genitive (causal idiom, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί: 'in return for'; ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ('because / in return for which') is a causal idiom introducing the ground of commendation.
ὧνwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (in causal idiom ἀνθ᾿ ὧν)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; in ἀνθ᾿ ὧν the genitive plural forms the causal conjunction.
ἦλθενit cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of causal clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν ('it came upon the heart') is the idiom for an intention arising — echoing ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τῆς καρδίας in v. 17.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (idiom of intention)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; with καρδίαν, the locus where the intention 'came.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of David's intention.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person)→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; David's heart.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildAor Act Inf · οἰκοδομέωepexegetic infinitive (content of the intention)→ verbal action or stateοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the content of the desire that came upon David's heart.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδομῆσαι→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative of advantage ('for my name')→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the house is for YHWH's name.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; the name is YHWH's.
καλῶςwelladverb of manner (with ἐποίησας)→ clausal contributionκαλῶς: 'well / rightly'; the commendation καλῶς ἐποίησας ('you did well') approves David's intention.
ἐποίησαςyou didAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (commendation to David)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; καλῶς ἐποίησας commends the rightness of David's purpose.
ὅτιthatconjunction (epexegetic: in respect that)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that / in that'; introduces the respect in which David did well — that the intention arose in his heart.
ἐγενήθηit came to beAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of ὅτι-clause→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass.): 'come to be / happen'; restates that the intention 'came to be upon your heart' — the pious desire itself is commended.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (idiom of intention)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (idiom of intention).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of the commended intention.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
19

πλὴν σὺ οὐκ οἰκοδομήσεις τὸν οἶκον ἀλλ᾿ ἣ ὁ υἱός σου ὁ ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῶν πλευρῶν σου οὗτος οἰκοδομήσει τὸν οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματί μου

'nevertheless you shall not build the house, but rather your son who comes forth from your loins, he shall build the house for my name.'

Quoted oracle: deferral to the sonπλὴν
πλήν ('nevertheless') marks the qualification: David's intention is good, but the deed belongs to his son. The emphatic οὗτος ('this one') after the lengthy subject (ὁ υἱός σου ὁ ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῶν πλευρῶν σου) resumes and underlines the chosen builder — Solomon himself, the speaker, now the fulfilment of the word.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
πλὴνneverthelessadversative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'nevertheless / however'; introduces the qualification deferring the building to David's son.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; stresses that David personally will not build — the contrast with 'your son' is sharpened.
οὐκnotnegation (with οἰκοδομήσεις)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle.
οἰκοδομήσειςyou shall buildFut Act Indic 2 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (negated prediction)→ predictive future (negated)οἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the future denies that David himself will build the house.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'.
ἀλλ᾿butstrong adversative conjunction (elided)→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but'; sets the son against David as the true builder.
ratherparticle (ἀλλ᾿ ἤ: 'but rather / except')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: disjunctive particle; the combination ἀλλ᾿ ἤ functions as a strengthened exceptive/adversative ('but rather'), a Hebraizing idiom rendering כִּי אִם.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόςsonNominativesubject (the true builder)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; David's son — Solomon — the one to build the house.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; David's son.
the (who)Nominativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξελθὼνcoming forthAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐξέρχομαιattributive participle (modifying υἱός)→ constative aorist (of begetting)ἐξέρχομαι: 'come out / go forth'; ὁ ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῶν πλευρῶν σου ('who comes forth from your loins') is the idiom for natural offspring — the son physically descended from David.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλευρῶνloins / sidesGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationπλευρά: 'side / rib'; here πλευραί ('loins') renders חֲלָצַיִם, the idiom for the source of one's offspring.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; David's own loins.
οὗτοςthis oneNominativeresumptive demonstrative (subject of οἰκοδομήσει)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this one'; resumes the lengthy subject emphatically — 'this one, he shall build,' pointing to Solomon as the fulfilment.
οἰκοδομήσειshall buildFut Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (positive prediction)→ predictive future (the appointed builder)οἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the son will build the house — fulfilled in Solomon, the speaker.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative of advantage ('for my name')→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the house is for YHWH's name.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
20

καὶ ἀνέστησεν κύριος τὸ ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ ὃ ἐλάλησεν καὶ ἀνέστην ἀντὶ Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ ἐκάθισα ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου Ισραηλ καθὼς ἐλάλησεν κύριος καὶ ᾠκοδόμησα τὸν οἶκον τῷ ὀνόματι κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ

And the LORD has raised up his word which he spoke, and I have risen up in place of David my father and have sat on the throne of Israel, as the LORD spoke, and I have built the house for the name of the LORD, the God of Israel.

Application: the word fulfilled in Solomonκαὶ ἀνέστησεν κύριος
Solomon returns from the quoted oracle to the present, declaring its fulfilment with a play on ἀνίστημι ('raise up'): the LORD has 'raised up' his word (ἀνέστησεν), and Solomon has 'risen up' (ἀνέστην) in David's place. The triad — raised up the word, sat on the throne, built the house — closes the recital with the temple as the visible proof of the divine fidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστησενraised upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (transitive: God raised up his word)→ constative aorist (fulfilment)ἀνίστημι: 'raise up / establish'; renders הֵקִים; of confirming or making good a word/promise — the LORD has 'stood up' (made effective) his word to David.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; YHWH the fulfiller of his word.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativedirect object of ἀνέστησεν→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / saying'; renders דָּבָר; the promise to David, now made good.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; the LORD's word.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun (neuter); refers to the word spoken.
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; the word the LORD had spoken to David.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηνI have risen upAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (intransitive: Solomon arose)→ constative aorist (accession)ἀνίστημι (intr. aor.): 'rise up / stand up / arise (to a position)'; the intransitive ἀνέστην echoes the transitive ἀνέστησεν — as God 'raised up' his word, so Solomon has 'risen up' to the throne, the human counterpart of the divine act.
ἀντὶin place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί: 'in place of / instead of'; Solomon succeeds David on the throne.
ΔαυιδDavidgenitive object of ἀντί (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; the predecessor whom Solomon succeeds.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitiveapposition to Δαυιδ→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάθισαI have satAor Act Indic 1 Sg · καθίζωmain verb→ constative aorist (accession to the throne)καθίζω: 'sit / take one's seat'; renders יָשַׁב; Solomon's accession — he sits on the throne of Israel as the LORD promised.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνουthroneGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationθρόνος: 'throne'; renders כִּסֵּא; the throne of Israel, the seat of the Davidic dynasty.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the throne of Israel.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'as / just as'; the fulfilment matches the promise exactly.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of comparative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; refers again to the LORD's promise.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐλάλησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησαI have builtAor Act Indic 1 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (climax of the recital)→ constative aorist (the accomplished deed)οἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the climactic first-person declaration — Solomon has built the house, fulfilling the word about the son (v. 19).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the house is for the name of YHWH.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
θεοῦGodGenitiveapposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; the full title κύριος θεὸς Ισραηλ.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
21

καὶ ἐθέμην ἐκεῖ τόπον τῇ κιβωτῷ ἐν ᾗ ἐστιν ἐκεῖ διαθήκη κυρίου ἣν διέθετο κύριος μετὰ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτὸν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου

And I have set there a place for the ark, in which is the covenant of the LORD, which the LORD made with our fathers when he brought them out of the land of Egypt.

Conclusion of the recital (the ark's place prepared)καὶ ἐθέμην
The recital closes by joining temple and ark: Solomon has appointed a place for the ark, which holds 'the covenant of the LORD' (the tablets, v. 9). The double accusative αὐτὸν αὐτούς ('him … them') is a Hebraistic redundancy of the original; the verse binds the new sanctuary to the Exodus covenant, the foundation of Israel's relationship with YHWH.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθέμηνI have setAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · τίθημιmain verb (Solomon appoints the ark's place)→ constative aoristτίθημι (mid.): 'set / appoint / establish'; the middle ἐθέμην ('I set for myself / I appointed') of preparing the ark's place within the δαβιρ.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; in the house just built.
τόπονa placeAccusativedirect object of ἐθέμην→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; the appointed resting-place of the ark (cf. v. 6).
τῇfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτῷarkDativedative of advantage ('for the ark')→ sphere or referenceκιβωτός: 'ark'; the object for which the place is prepared.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
whichDativerelative pronoun (locative: 'in which')→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun (dative); refers to the ark, in which the covenant is kept.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula/existential→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be / exist'; states that the covenant is in the ark.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive, Hebraistic)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the resumptive 'there' after the relative ('in which … there') is a Hebraism (אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם).
διαθήκηcovenantNominativesubject of ἐστιν→ participant prominenceδιαθήκη: 'covenant'; here by metonymy the covenant-document (the tablets, v. 9) contained in the ark.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the covenant is YHWH's.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of διέθετο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the clause on the covenant's making.
διέθετοmadeAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · διατίθημιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (covenant-making)διατίθημι (mid.): 'make a covenant'; the standard LXX idiom (cf. v. 9), here of the covenant with the fathers at the Exodus.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of διέθετο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; YHWH the covenant-maker.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (covenant partner)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; διατίθημι μετά = 'make a covenant with.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; the ancestors with whom the covenant was made at the Exodus.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession (1st person plural)→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'; Solomon includes himself and the assembly among the heirs of the covenant.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαγαγεῖνto bring outAor Act Inf · ἐξάγωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when he brought out')→ constative (the exodus as temporal frame)ἐξάγω: 'lead out / bring out'; the exodus verb; ἐν τῷ ἐξαγαγεῖν fixes the covenant at the deliverance from Egypt.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject/object (Hebraistic redundancy)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the redundant αὐτὸν αὐτούς ('him … them') reflects the conflated Greek; the sense is 'when he [the LORD] brought them out.'
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of ἐξαγαγεῖν→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the fathers brought out of Egypt.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; γῆ Αἰγύπτου, the land of bondage.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (defining: 'land of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: declined (gen. Αἰγύπτου).
22

καὶ ἔστη Σαλωμων κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κυρίου ἐνώπιον πάσης ἐκκλησίας Ισραηλ καὶ διεπέτασεν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν

And Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD, in the presence of all the assembly of Israel, and spread out his hands toward heaven,

New scene: Solomon assumes the posture of prayerκαὶ ἔστη Σαλωμων
The narrative shifts from blessing to prayer. Solomon takes his stance before the altar and spreads his hands toward heaven (διεπέτασεν τὰς χεῖρας εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν) — the classic OT orant posture. The verb διαπετάννυμι echoes the cherubim's spread wings (v. 7), linking human prayer with the heavenly throne.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηstoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (intransitive: took his stand)→ ingressive aorist (took up position)ἵστημι: 'stand / take one's stand'; renders עָמַד; Solomon assumes the standing posture of public prayer before the altar.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; the royal intercessor.
κατὰbeforepreposition + accusative (position facing)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'opposite / facing'; κατὰ πρόσωπον ('before / in front of') is a Hebraism (לִפְנֵי).
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative in prepositional idiom (κατὰ πρόσωπον)→ spatial or relational framingπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; in κατὰ πρόσωπον means 'in front of / before.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive (object of the idiom: 'before the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the great altar of burnt offering in the court, before which Solomon prays.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the altar is YHWH's.
ἐνώπιονin the presence ofpreposition + genitive (before the assembly)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי); the prayer is public, before the whole assembly.
πάσηςallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ἐκκλησίας)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the entire assembly witnesses the prayer.
ἐκκλησίαςassemblyGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'; the gathered people of Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεπέτασενspread outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαπετάννυμιmain verb→ constative aorist (gesture of prayer)διαπετάννυμι: 'spread out / extend'; renders פָּרַשׂ; the spreading of the hands toward heaven is the OT posture of supplication (cf. Exod 9:29; Ps 143:6).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of διεπέτασεν→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the open hands lifted in prayer.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; Solomon's hands.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (direction of prayer)→ object specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; renders שָׁמַיִם; the direction of the lifted hands — heaven, the true dwelling of the God the temple cannot contain (v. 27).
23

καὶ εἶπεν κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ οὐκ ἔστιν ὡς σὺ θεὸς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω φυλάσσων διαθήκην καὶ ἔλεος τῷ δούλῳ σου τῷ πορευομένῳ ἐνώπιόν σου ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ

and said, 'O LORD, God of Israel, there is no god like you in heaven above or on the earth below, keeping covenant and mercy for your servant who walks before you with his whole heart;'

Prayer-opening: the incomparability of Godκύριε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ
The prayer opens with a vocative invocation and the great incomparability formula οὐκ ἔστιν ὡς σὺ θεός ('there is no god like you'), set in the merism 'in heaven above and on earth below.' The participial φυλάσσων διαθήκην καὶ ἔλεος ('keeping covenant and mercy') names YHWH's covenant fidelity (חֶסֶד) as the ground of the petition that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; introduces the dedicatory prayer.
κύριεO LORDVocativevocative of address→ direct addressκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the vocative κύριε opens the prayer in direct address to YHWH.
theNominativearticle (with vocative force)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative for vocative (apposition to κύριε)→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the article+nominative ὁ θεός functions as a vocative (a Semitism); 'God of Israel' invokes the covenant relationship.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἔστιν)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle; in the incomparability formula.
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίexistential verb→ gnomic present (timeless truth)εἰμί: 'be / exist'; οὐκ ἔστιν ὡς σὺ ('there is none like you') is the incomparability formula, a confession of YHWH's uniqueness.
ὡςlikecomparative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / like'; in the comparison 'no god like you.'
σὺyouNominativeobject of comparison (emphatic)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; the standard of incomparability — YHWH himself.
θεὸςa godNominativepredicate/subject of ἔστιν ('no god')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'god'; 'there is no god like you' — none among any claimed deities matches YHWH.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the upper realm of the merism 'heaven above / earth below.'
ἄνωaboveadverb of place→ clausal contributionἄνω: 'above'; with οὐρανῷ, the upper limit of the cosmic merism.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (merism)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth'; the lower realm — 'heaven above and earth below' is a merism for the whole cosmos.
κάτωbelowadverb of place→ clausal contributionκάτω: 'below'; completes the cosmic merism.
φυλάσσωνkeepingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · φυλάσσωattributive participle (describing God)→ imperfective (continual covenant-keeping)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep'; renders שָׁמַר; the participle φυλάσσων διαθήκην καὶ ἔλεος ('keeping covenant and mercy') is the covenant-fidelity formula (cf. Deut 7:9), naming the character on which the prayer relies.
διαθήκηνcovenantAccusativedirect object of φυλάσσων→ object specificationδιαθήκη: 'covenant'; what God faithfully keeps toward his servants.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεοςmercyAccusativedirect object of φυλάσσων (coordinate with διαθήκην)→ object specificationἔλεος: 'mercy / lovingkindness'; renders חֶסֶד; covenant-loyalty; διαθήκη καὶ ἔλεος together render the Hebrew הַבְּרִית וְהַחֶסֶד.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῳservantDativedative of advantage (for whom covenant is kept)→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant / slave'; renders עֶבֶד; the covenant-keeping is 'for your servant' — David and his line, and Israel.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; God's servant.
τῷthe (who)Dativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορευομένῳwalkingPres Mid Ptcp Dat Sg Masc · πορεύομαιattributive participle (modifying δούλῳ)→ imperfective (habitual conduct)πορεύομαι: 'walk / go / conduct oneself'; renders הָלַךְ; 'walking before you' is the idiom for a faithful, obedient life lived in God's presence.
ἐνώπιόνbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי); the servant walks in God's presence.
σουyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationσύ: 'you'; God before whom the servant walks.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
ὅλῃwholeDativeattributive adjective (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceὅλος: 'whole / entire'; ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ ('with the whole heart') marks undivided devotion (cf. Deut 6:5).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of manner ('with the whole heart')→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of devotion; wholehearted walking before God.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; the servant's whole heart.
24

ἃ ἐφύλαξας τῷ δούλῳ σου Δαυιδ τῷ πατρί μου καὶ ἐλάλησας ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν χερσίν σου ἐπλήρωσας ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη

which you have kept for your servant David my father; you both spoke with your mouth and have fulfilled it with your hands, as it is this day.

Relative continuation (the promise kept to David)ἃ ἐφύλαξας
The relative clause specifies the covenant kept for David. The mouth/hands antithesis (ἐλάλησας ἐν τῷ στόματί σου … ἐν χερσίν σου ἐπλήρωσας) repeats from v. 15, now addressed to God in the second person, and the formula ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ('as it is this day') anchors the fulfilment in the present moment of dedication.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐφύλαξας)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun (neuter plural); refers back to the covenant and mercy of v. 23.
ἐφύλαξαςyou keptAor Act Indic 2 Sg · φυλάσσωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (faithfully kept)φυλάσσω: 'keep / guard'; God has kept his covenant promise toward David.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῳservantDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; David, the recipient of the kept promise.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΔαυιδDaviddative in apposition to δούλῳ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; named as the servant.
τῷtheDativearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρίfatherDativeapposition to Δαυιδ→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
καὶboth / andcoordinate conjunction (correlative with the next καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here the first of a correlative pair ('both … and'), coordinating 'spoke' and 'fulfilled.'
ἐλάλησαςyou spokeAor Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (the promise spoken)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; God spoke the promise with his mouth — the first member of the mouth/hands antithesis.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματίmouthDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceστόμα: 'mouth'; the organ of the spoken promise.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcorrelative conjunction (second member)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the second of the correlative pair ('… and with your hands fulfilled').
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
χερσίνhandsDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; the instrument of fulfilment — God's effective action.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ἐπλήρωσαςyou fulfilledAor Act Indic 2 Sg · πληρόωmain verb (the promise fulfilled)→ constative aorist (accomplished)πληρόω: 'fulfil / accomplish'; God has brought the spoken word to completion — the second member of the antithesis.
ὡςascomparative particle (in the day-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as'; in ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη, the formula of present realisation.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayNominativesubject of the elliptical comparison→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ('as it is this day') renders כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה, marking the promise as fulfilled at the present moment.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρα)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; 'this very day' of dedication.
25

καὶ νῦν κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ φύλαξον τῷ δούλῳ σου τῷ Δαυιδ τῷ πατρί μου ἃ ἐλάλησας αὐτῷ λέγων οὐκ ἐξαρθήσεταί σου ἀνὴρ ἐκ προσώπου μου καθήμενος ἐπὶ θρόνου Ισραηλ πλὴν ἐὰν φυλάξωνται τὰ τέκνα σου τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν τοῦ πορεύεσθαι ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ καθὼς ἐπορεύθης ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ

And now, O LORD, God of Israel, keep for your servant David my father what you spoke to him, saying, 'There shall not be cut off from you a man before me sitting on the throne of Israel, provided only your children keep their ways, to walk before me as you walked before me.'

Petition proper: confirm the dynastic promiseκαὶ νῦν
καὶ νῦν ('and now') turns from recital to petition. Solomon asks God to keep the dynastic promise — the everlasting succession on the throne — quoting the divine word with its conditional clause (πλὴν ἐὰν φυλάξωνται … τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν). The condition makes the permanence of the dynasty contingent on the obedience of David's heirs.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandtransitional conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (transition to petition)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν marks the shift from the recital of past fidelity to the present request.
κύριεO LORDVocativevocative of address→ direct addressκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the renewed invocation.
theNominativearticle (vocative force)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative for vocative→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ as vocative (Semitism).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
φύλαξονkeepAor Act Impv 2 Sg · φυλάσσωmain verb (imperative of petition)→ aorist imperative (decisive request)φυλάσσω: 'keep / guard'; the aorist imperative φύλαξον is the heart of the petition — 'keep [now] for David what you promised.'
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῳservantDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; David.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
τῷtheDativearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDaviddative in apposition to δούλῳ (indeclinable; articular)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable.
τῷtheDativearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρίfatherDativeapposition to Δαυιδ→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησας)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; what God promised to David.
ἐλάλησαςyou spokeAor Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; the promise God spoke to David.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'to him'; David, the addressee of the promise.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the quoted promise)→ imperfectiveλέγω: λέγων introduces the quoted divine promise (rendering לֵאמֹר).
οὐκnotnegation (with ἐξαρθήσεται)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle; 'there shall not be cut off.'
ἐξαρθήσεταίshall be cut offFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαίρωmain verb of the quoted promise→ predictive future (passive)ἐξαίρω: 'remove / take away'; the passive ἐξαρθήσεται ('shall be removed/cut off') renders לֹא יִכָּרֵת; the promise of unbroken Davidic succession on the throne.
σουfrom you / yourGenitivegenitive (of David's line: 'a man of yours')→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; the man who will not be cut off belongs to David's lineage.
ἀνὴρa manNominativesubject of ἐξαρθήσεται→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; renders אִישׁ; a descendant of David ever sitting on the throne.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (idiom: 'from before me')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from'; ἐκ προσώπου μου ('from before me') — from the king's standing in God's presence.
προσώπουface / presenceGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (Hebraistic idiom)→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; ἐκ προσώπου μου = 'from my presence' (מִלְּפָנַי).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; God's presence.
καθήμενοςsittingPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · κάθημαιattributive participle (modifying ἀνήρ)→ imperfective (continual occupancy)κάθημαι: 'sit'; 'a man sitting on the throne' — a descendant ever occupying the royal seat.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
θρόνουthroneGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationθρόνος: 'throne'; the throne of Israel, the Davidic seat.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
πλὴνprovided / onlyconditional-restrictive particle→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'only / provided that'; introduces the condition limiting the promise — the dynasty's permanence depends on the heirs' obedience.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the condition (with the subjunctive φυλάξωνται).
φυλάξωνταιthey keepAor Mid Subj 3 Pl · φυλάσσωverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctive (the condition)φυλάσσω (mid.): 'keep / take heed to'; the condition — David's children must keep their ways (their conduct in accordance with God's law).
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenNominativesubject of φυλάξωνται→ participant prominenceτέκνον: 'child'; renders בָּנִים; David's descendants, on whose obedience the promise's permanence rests.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; David's children.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysAccusativedirect object of φυλάξωνται→ object specificationὁδός: 'way / road / conduct'; renders דֶּרֶךְ; 'their ways' = their manner of life, to be kept in obedience to God.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; the children's ways.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto walkPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιinfinitive of purpose/result (defining 'keeping their ways')→ imperfective (manner of life)πορεύομαι: 'walk / conduct oneself'; 'to walk before me' is the idiom for faithful obedient living in God's presence.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי).
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον (emphatic 1st person)→ relational specificationἐγώ: emphatic 'me'; God in whose presence the heirs must walk.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'as / just as'; David's own walk is the model for his heirs.
ἐπορεύθηςyou walkedAor Pass Indic 2 Sg · πορεύομαιverb of comparative clause→ constative aorist (David's faithful life)πορεύομαι: 'walk'; the deponent aorist ἐπορεύθης ('you walked') sets David's obedient life as the standard for his descendants.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; repeats the idiom.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'me'; God before whom David walked.
26

καὶ νῦν κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ πιστωθήτω δὴ τὸ ῥῆμά σου τῷ Δαυιδ τῷ πατρί μου

And now, O LORD, God of Israel, let your word to David my father be confirmed.

Petition restated (confirmation of the word)καὶ νῦν
A second καὶ νῦν reinforces the petition with the passive imperative πιστωθήτω ('let it be made sure') and the entreating particle δή. The verb πιστόω (cognate with πίστις) asks that the promise to David be 'made faithful' — proved reliable in actual performance.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandtransitional conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (transition)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; renews the petition.
κύριεO LORDVocativevocative of address→ direct addressκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
theNominativearticle (vocative force)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative for vocative→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ as vocative.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
πιστωθήτωlet be confirmedAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · πιστόωmain verb (imperative of petition)→ aorist passive imperative (request for confirmation)πιστόω: 'make trustworthy / confirm / establish'; renders אָמַן (Niph.); the passive 'let it be made sure' asks God to prove his promise reliable by fulfilling it.
δὴnow / indeedentreating particle (with imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: emphatic/entreating particle; softens the imperative into earnest request ('do now confirm').
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμάwordNominativesubject of πιστωθήτω→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / saying'; the promise to David, asked to be confirmed.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; God's word.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDaviddative indirect object (indeclinable; articular)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; recipient of the word.
τῷtheDativearticle (in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρίfatherDativeapposition to Δαυιδ→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'.
27

ὅτι εἰ ἀληθῶς κατοικήσει ὁ θεὸς μετὰ ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἰ ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ οὐκ ἀρκέσουσίν σοι πλὴν καὶ ὁ οἶκος οὗτος ὃν ᾠκοδόμησα τῷ ὀνόματί σου

For will God indeed dwell with men on the earth? If heaven, and the heaven of heaven, will not suffice you, how much less this house which I have built for your name!

Theological climax: the transcendence of Godὅτι εἰ ἀληθῶς
The theological heart of the prayer, cast as a rhetorical question (εἰ … introducing a question of astonishment, a Hebraism): will God truly dwell on earth? The a fortiori — heaven and 'the heaven of heaven' (ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, a Hebrew superlative for the highest heavens) cannot contain him, much less a house — guards the temple's significance against any crude localisation of the deity.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ὅτιforcausal/explanatory conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for'; grounds the petition in awe at God's transcendence.
εἰwill...? / ifinterrogative particle (Hebraism: introduces a question)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if'; here introducing a rhetorical/dubitative question (a Hebraism rendering the interrogative הֲ), expressing wonder rather than condition.
ἀληθῶςtruly / indeedadverb (intensifying the question)→ clausal contributionἀληθῶς: 'truly / really'; renders אֻמְנָם; intensifies the astonishment — can it really be that God dwells on earth?
κατοικήσειwill dwellFut Act Indic 3 Sg · κατοικέωmain verb (rhetorical question)→ deliberative future (wonder)κατοικέω: 'dwell / settle / inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; the question whether the transcendent God will truly take up settled residence among men.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of κατοικήσει→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the transcendent deity who might dwell on earth.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; God dwelling 'with men.'
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / human'; the human beings among whom God might dwell.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth'; the earthly realm, set against the heavens that cannot contain God.
εἰifconditional particle (the a fortiori premise)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if'; introduces the premise of the a fortiori argument — if the heavens cannot contain God.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸςheavenNominativesubject of ἀρκέσουσιν→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: 'heaven'; even the sky cannot contain God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸςheavenNominativesubject (in the superlative phrase)→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the first member of the Hebrew superlative 'heaven of heaven.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivesuperlative genitive (Hebraism: 'heaven of heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: ὁ οὐρανὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ('the heaven of heaven') renders שְׁמֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם, a Hebrew superlative for the very highest heavens — the most exalted realm conceivable, which still cannot contain God.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἀρκέσουσιν)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle.
ἀρκέσουσίνwill suffice / containFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀρκέωmain verb of the premise→ predictive future (negated)ἀρκέω: 'suffice / be enough'; renders כּוּל ('contain'); the heavens 'will not suffice / contain' God — his immensity exceeds all created space.
σοιyou / for youDativedative (of reference: 'suffice for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'you'; not even the highest heaven is sufficient for God.
πλὴνhow much less / yetadversative-restrictive particle (introducing the a fortiori conclusion)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / yet / how much less'; introduces the a fortiori conclusion — if heaven cannot contain God, much less this house.
καὶevenadverbial καί ('even / also')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adverbial 'even'; 'even this house' — emphasising the smallness of the temple by comparison.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseNominativesubject (of the implied 'much less suffices')→ participant prominenceοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the temple, infinitely smaller than the heavens that cannot contain God.
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative (modifying οἶκος)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the very house just dedicated.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησα)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the house.
ᾠκοδόμησαI have builtAor Act Indic 1 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; Solomon's own building of the house, here set humbly against God's immensity.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the house is for God's name, not his containment — the name-theology resolves the paradox of presence and transcendence.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; God's name.
28

καὶ ἐπιβλέψῃ ἐπὶ τὴν δέησίν μου κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ἀκούειν τῆς τέρψεως ἧς ὁ δοῦλός σου προσεύχεται ἐνώπιόν σου πρὸς σὲ σήμερον

Yet may you look upon my supplication, O LORD, God of Israel, to hear the joyful entreaty which your servant prays before you, to you, today,

Petition: that God regard the prayer despite his transcendenceκαὶ ἐπιβλέψῃ
Despite the transcendence just confessed, Solomon asks that God 'look upon' (ἐπιβλέψῃ) his supplication. The unusual τῆς τέρψεως ('the joy / glad entreaty') renders the Hebrew רִנָּה ('ringing cry / song of supplication'); the heaping of terms — δέησις, τέρψις, προσεύχεται — stresses the earnestness of the plea.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶand / yetcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβλέψῃmay you look uponFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιβλέπωmain verb (volitive future as petition)→ volitive future (request)ἐπιβλέπω: 'look upon / regard with favour'; renders פָּנָה; the future used as a petition — that God turn his attention to the prayer.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (object of regard)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (object of regard).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησίνsupplicationAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationδέησις: 'supplication / entreaty'; renders תְּחִנָּה; an earnest plea for favour, the keyword of the petitions that follow.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; Solomon's supplication.
κύριεO LORDVocativevocative of address→ direct addressκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
theNominativearticle (vocative force)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative for vocative→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
ἀκούεινto hearPres Act Inf · ἀκούωinfinitive of purpose (with ἐπιβλέψῃ)→ imperfectiveἀκούω: 'hear / listen'; the purpose of God's regard — to hear the prayer; the keyword of the dedicatory petitions (cf. εἰσακούσῃ repeatedly below).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέρψεωςjoyful entreatyGenitivegenitive object of ἀκούειν→ relational specificationτέρψις: 'delight / joy'; here renders רִנָּה ('ringing cry / glad cry of supplication'), the loud, exultant prayer; the LXX chose 'joy' for the Hebrew term's note of festive crying-out to God.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (attracted to genitive antecedent)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun (genitive by attraction to τέρψεως); object of προσεύχεται.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόςservantNominativesubject of προσεύχεται→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; Solomon refers to himself as God's servant.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
προσεύχεταιpraysPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσεύχομαιverb of relative clause→ imperfective (present act of prayer)προσεύχομαι: 'pray'; renders הִתְפַּלֵּל; the keyword for the whole dedicatory prayer.
ἐνώπιόνbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי).
σουyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationσύ: 'you'; in God's presence.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of address)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of address).
σὲyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; the prayer is directed to God.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; the dedication day.
29

τοῦ εἶναι ὀφθαλμούς σου ἠνεῳγμένους εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός εἰς τὸν τόπον ὃν εἶπας ἔσται τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐκεῖ τοῦ εἰσακούειν τῆς προσευχῆς ἧς προσεύχεται ὁ δοῦλός σου εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός

that your eyes may be open toward this house day and night, toward the place of which you said, 'My name shall be there,' to hearken to the prayer which your servant prays toward this place day and night.

Purpose: God's watching eyes over the houseτοῦ εἶναι
The articular infinitive τοῦ εἶναι defines the goal of the petition: God's eyes open day and night toward the house. The repeated 'day and night' (ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός) frames a continuous divine attentiveness, and the name-theology recurs (ἔσται τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐκεῖ) — the place is the focus of prayer because the name dwells there.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίarticular infinitive of purpose→ imperfective (continuing state)εἰμί: 'be'; τοῦ εἶναι ('that there may be') states the purpose of God's regard — that his eyes remain open toward the house.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; the anthropomorphic 'eyes of the LORD' watching over the house — divine attentiveness.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; God's eyes.
ἠνεῳγμένουςopenedPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · ἀνοίγωpredicate participle (with εἶναι: 'be open')→ stative perfect (abiding openness)ἀνοίγω: 'open'; the perfect passive participle ἠνεῳγμένους expresses the settled state of God's eyes being and remaining open toward the house — continual watchful favour.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction of regard)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of regard).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the focus of God's watching eyes.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative (modifying οἶκον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the dedicated house.
ἡμέραςby dayGenitivegenitive of time (within which)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the genitive of time, 'by day,' paired with 'by night' for continual attentiveness.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νυκτόςby nightGenitivegenitive of time→ relational specificationνύξ: 'night'; the genitive of time, 'by night'; ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός = 'day and night,' continually.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction, in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction, in apposition).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (in apposition to οἶκον)→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; the chosen place of the name.
ὃνof whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶπας)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the place God designated.
εἶπαςyou saidAor Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; God's word designating the place for his name.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of the quoted word→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; ἔσται τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐκεῖ ('my name shall be there') — the Deuteronomic name-formula quoted as God's own word.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; YHWH's name resident in the place.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; God's name.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; in the chosen place.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσακούεινto hearkenPres Act Inf · εἰσακούωarticular infinitive of purpose→ imperfective (continual hearing)εἰσακούω: 'hear / heed / hearken to'; the intensive compound (εἰς + ἀκούω) means to listen attentively and respond; the keyword of the seven petitions to follow.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχῆςprayerGenitivegenitive object of εἰσακούειν→ relational specificationπροσευχή: 'prayer'; renders תְּפִלָּה; the prayer offered toward the house, which God is asked to hear.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (attracted to genitive)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun (genitive by attraction); object of προσεύχεται.
προσεύχεταιpraysPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσεύχομαιverb of relative clause→ imperfectiveπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the servant's act of prayer toward the place.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόςservantNominativesubject of προσεύχεται→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; Solomon.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction of prayer)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of prayer).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; the temple toward which prayer is directed.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative (modifying τόπον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'.
ἡμέραςby dayGenitivegenitive of time→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; repeats 'day and night' for the continual prayer.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νυκτόςby nightGenitivegenitive of time→ relational specificationνύξ: 'night'; completing 'day and night.'
30

καὶ εἰσακούσῃ τῆς δεήσεως τοῦ δούλου σου καὶ τοῦ λαοῦ σου Ισραηλ ἃ ἂν προσεύξωνται εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τῆς κατοικήσεώς σου ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ποιήσεις καὶ ἵλεως ἔσῃ

And you will hear the supplication of your servant and of your people Israel, whatever they pray toward this place; and you will hear in the place of your dwelling in heaven, and you will act, and you will be gracious.

General petition: God's hearing from heavenκαὶ εἰσακούσῃ
The hinge-verse that establishes the pattern for all the petitions: God will hear from his dwelling 'in heaven' (resolving v. 27's transcendence) the prayer offered 'toward this place,' and will act and be gracious (ἵλεως ἔσῃ). The triad εἰσακούσῃ … ποιήσεις … ἵλεως ἔσῃ recurs as the refrain of the seven petitions that follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακούσῃyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (the refrain of hearing)→ volitive/predictive future (petition)εἰσακούω: 'hear / hearken to'; the intensive compound, keyword of the petitions — God's attentive, responsive hearing.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεήσεωςsupplicationGenitivegenitive object of εἰσακούσῃ→ relational specificationδέησις: 'supplication / plea'; the entreaty God is asked to hear.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive of source (whose supplication)→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; Solomon, the praying king.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of source (coordinate with δούλου)→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel, whose prayers God will also hear.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαοῦ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
whateverAccusativerelative pronoun (indefinite, object of προσεύξωνται)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; with ἄν indefinite, 'whatever they pray.'
ἂν-evermodal particle (with subjunctive: indefiniteness)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle marking the indefinite relative clause.
προσεύξωνταιthey prayAor Mid Subj 3 Pl · προσεύχομαιverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite occasion)προσεύχομαι: 'pray'; whatever prayer the people offer toward the house.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction of prayer)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of prayer).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; the temple, focus of prayer.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; God himself the one who hears.
εἰσακούσῃyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (repeated, with locative)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; repeated, now specifying the place from which God hears — heaven.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπῳplaceDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceτόπος: 'place'; the place of God's dwelling — heaven, not the earthly house.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικήσεώςdwellingGenitivegenitive (defining: 'place of your dwelling')→ relational specificationκατοίκησις: 'dwelling / habitation'; God's true dwelling-place is heaven (cf. v. 27); the temple is the place toward which prayer is directed, not the place of God's containment.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative, in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative, in apposition).
οὐρανῷheavenDativedative of place (defining the dwelling)→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: 'heaven'; God's heavenly dwelling, from which he hears earthly prayer.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou will actFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the responsive deed)→ predictive future (response to prayer)ποιέω: 'do / act'; renders עָשָׂה; God's effective response — not only to hear but to act; part of the petition-refrain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵλεωςgracious / mercifulNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσῃ)→ participant prominenceἵλεως: 'gracious / merciful / propitious'; renders סָלַח (in the verbal idea 'forgive'); ἵλεως ἔσῃ ('you will be gracious') is the climactic note of the refrain — divine forgiveness.
ἔσῃyou will beFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with ἵλεως)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; ἵλεως ἔσῃ, 'you will be gracious / forgiving.'
31

ὅσα ἂν ἁμάρτῃ ἕκαστος τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐὰν λάβῃ ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν ἀρὰν τοῦ ἀρᾶσθαι αὐτόν καὶ ἔλθῃ καὶ ἐξαγορεύσῃ κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου σου ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ

Whatever a man sins against his neighbor, and if he takes upon him an oath to swear against him, and he comes and makes confession before your altar in this house,

First petition: the oath at the altar (protasis)ὅσα ἂν ἁμάρτῃ
The first specific petition concerns a case of dispute between neighbors resolved by oath at the altar — the sacral oath as a means of clearing or convicting in matters where human evidence fails. This long protasis (vv. 31) is completed by the apodosis in v. 32, where God is asked to judge between the wicked and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (indefinite, cognate accusative with ἁμάρτῃ)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatever'; ὅσα ἂν ἁμάρτῃ = 'in whatever a man sins,' a cognate-accusative construction.
ἂν-evermodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle marking indefiniteness.
ἁμάρτῃsinsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἁμαρτάνωverb of indefinite protasis→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite case)ἁμαρτάνω: 'sin / wrong'; renders חָטָא; here of an offence against a neighbor, the occasion for the oath-procedure.
ἕκαστοςeach one / a manNominativesubject of ἁμάρτῃ→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / anyone'; the individual who wrongs his neighbor.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborDativedative (the one wronged)→ sphere or referenceπλησίον: 'neighbor'; substantivized; the party against whom the offence is committed.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; his neighbor.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the imposing of the oath.
λάβῃhe takesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctiveλαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; λάβῃ ... ἀράν ('takes upon him an oath/curse') — the imposition of an adjuration.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the oath laid upon him.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'him'; the one made to swear.
ἀρὰνoath / curseAccusativedirect object of λάβῃ→ object specificationἀρά: 'curse / imprecatory oath'; renders אָלָה; the sacral oath with a self-curse for falsehood, sworn at the altar to settle the dispute.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρᾶσθαιto swear / to cursePres Mid Inf · ἀράομαιepexegetic infinitive (defining the oath)→ imperfectiveἀράομαι: 'invoke a curse / adjure'; the cognate infinitive specifies the act of swearing the self-imprecatory oath.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative subject/object of the infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'him'; the one adjured.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλθῃhe comesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctiveἔρχομαι: 'come'; the man comes to the altar to take the oath.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαγορεύσῃmakes confessionAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐξαγορεύωverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctiveἐξαγορεύω: 'declare openly / confess'; renders the oath-taking declaration before the altar — a solemn public swearing/avowal.
κατὰbeforepreposition + accusative (position facing)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'before / facing'; κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'before the altar.'
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative in prepositional idiom→ spatial or relational framingπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, 'before your altar.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive (object of the idiom)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the place where the sacral oath is sworn.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'; God's altar.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the place of the oath.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative→ participant reference or interestοὗτος: 'this'.
32

καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσει ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ποιήσεις καὶ κρινεῖς τὸν λαόν σου Ισραηλ ἀνομηθῆναι ἄνομον δοῦναι τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ εἰς κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ δικαιῶσαι δίκαιον δοῦναι αὐτῷ κατὰ τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ

then may you hear from heaven and act, and judge your people Israel, to condemn the lawless, to bring his way upon his own head, and to justify the righteous, giving to him according to his righteousness.

First petition: apodosis (divine judgment between parties)καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσει
The apodosis applies the refrain (hear / act) to the judicial case: God is asked to judge between the parties — to condemn the guilty (bringing his 'way' upon his own head, the lex talionis principle) and to acquit the righteous (rendering to him according to his righteousness). The antithesis ἄνομον / δίκαιον frames the prayer as an appeal for divine vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodotic)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; God the judge.
εἰσακούσειwill hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (the hearing refrain)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; the form εἰσακούσει spells the 2nd-person future middle εἰσακούσῃ by itacism (ῃ written ει); the petition-refrain 'you will hear.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source of hearing)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from'; ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ('from heaven'), the divine dwelling, the recurring source of God's hearing.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'; God's dwelling, from which he hears.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou will actFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (responsive deed)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'do / act'; God's effective response, part of the refrain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρινεῖςyou will judgeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · κρίνωmain verb (the judicial act)→ predictive futureκρίνω: 'judge / decide'; renders שָׁפַט; the specific divine act sought in this case — judgment between the parties.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleAccusativedirect object of κρινεῖς→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel, among whom God judges.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαόν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
ἀνομηθῆναιto condemn (as lawless)Aor Pass Inf · ἀνομέωinfinitive of result/purpose (defining the judgment)→ constative (declarative sense)ἀνομέω: 'act lawlessly'; the passive infinitive here in a declarative-judicial sense — to declare/treat the guilty party as ἄνομος ('lawless'), i.e. to condemn him.
ἄνομονthe lawless oneAccusativeaccusative object (the condemned party)→ object specificationἄνομος: 'lawless / wicked'; renders רָשָׁע; the guilty party, condemned in the judgment.
δοῦναιto bring / to giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιinfinitive of purpose (the retribution)→ constative aorist infinitiveδίδωμι: 'give / render'; δοῦναι τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ εἰς κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ ('to bring his way upon his own head') is the lex talionis idiom for just retribution.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayAccusativedirect object of δοῦναι→ object specificationὁδός: 'way / conduct'; the guilty man's own conduct, recoiling upon him as its just consequence.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; the lawless man's way.
εἰςuponpreposition + accusative (direction of recompense)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of recompense).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; εἰς κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ ('upon his own head'), the idiom for retribution falling back on the doer.
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his own'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the antithesis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιῶσαιto justifyAor Act Inf · δικαιόωarticular infinitive of purpose (the acquittal)→ verbal action or stateδικαιόω: 'justify / declare righteous / acquit'; renders הִצְדִּיק; the judicial vindication of the innocent party — the positive counterpart to condemning the guilty.
δίκαιονthe righteous oneAccusativeaccusative object of δικαιῶσαι→ object specificationδίκαιος: 'righteous / just'; renders צַדִּיק; the innocent party, vindicated by God.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιinfinitive of purpose (the reward)→ constative aorist infinitiveδίδωμι: 'give / render'; to give to the righteous according to his righteousness — just reward.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'to him'; the righteous party.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the measure of reward.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: 'righteousness / justice'; renders צְדָקָה; the standard by which the righteous is rewarded.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; the righteous man's righteousness.
33

ἐν τῷ πταῖσαι τὸν λαόν σου Ισραηλ ἐνώπιον ἐχθρῶν ὅτι ἁμαρτήσονταί σοι καὶ ἐπιστρέψουσιν καὶ ἐξομολογήσονται τῷ ὀνόματί σου καὶ προσεύξονται καὶ δεηθήσονται ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ

When your people Israel are struck down before enemies, because they sin against you, and they turn back and confess your name and pray and make supplication in this house,

Second petition: defeat before enemies (protasis)ἐν τῷ πταῖσαι
The second petition concerns military defeat understood as the consequence of sin (ὅτι ἁμαρτήσονταί σοι). The protasis describes the penitential sequence: turning back (ἐπιστρέφω), confessing the name (ἐξομολογέω), praying, and supplicating in the house — the temple as the locus of national repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'when'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πταῖσαιto be struck downAor Act Inf · πταίωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when... are defeated')→ constative (the occasion of defeat)πταίω: 'stumble / be defeated / be smitten'; renders נָגַף (Niph.); of military defeat — Israel 'falls' before its enemies as a consequence of sin.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel, the defeated party.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαόν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the face of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי); defeated 'before' the enemy.
ἐχθρῶνenemiesGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationἐχθρός: 'enemy / foe'; renders אוֹיֵב; the foes before whom Israel is defeated.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; the defeat is attributed to sin — the theological premise.
ἁμαρτήσονταίthey sinFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἁμαρτάνωverb of causal clause→ predictive/gnomic futureἁμαρτάνω: 'sin'; the cause of the defeat — sin against God.
σοιagainst youDativedative (of the one wronged)→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'you'; sin is 'against' God (ἁμαρτάνω + dat.).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψουσινthey turn backFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιστρέφωverb of the penitential sequence→ predictive futureἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / return / repent'; renders שׁוּב; the keyword of repentance — turning back to God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξομολογήσονταιthey confessFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐξομολογέωverb of the penitential sequence→ predictive futureἐξομολογέω (mid.): 'confess / acknowledge / give praise'; renders יָדָה; here of confessing/acknowledging the name of God in repentance.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative object of ἐξομολογήσονται→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the name of God, confessed/acknowledged in repentance.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξονταιthey prayFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσεύχομαιverb of the penitential sequence→ predictive futureπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the act of prayer in the house.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεηθήσονταιthey make supplicationFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · δέομαιverb of the penitential sequence→ predictive futureδέομαι: 'beg / entreat / make supplication'; renders חָנַן (Hithp.); the earnest plea for mercy, completing the penitential sequence.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the place of the national prayer of repentance.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative→ participant reference or interestοὗτος: 'this'.
34

καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἵλεως ἔσῃ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις τοῦ λαοῦ σου Ισραηλ καὶ ἀποστρέψεις αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν ἣν ἔδωκας τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν

then may you hear from heaven and be gracious to the sins of your people Israel, and bring them back to the land which you gave to their fathers.

Second petition: apodosis (forgiveness and restoration)καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ
The apodosis applies the refrain (hear from heaven, be gracious) and adds the specific remedy for defeat: God will 'bring them back' (ἀποστρέψεις) to the land given to their fathers — restoration after the dispersion that defeat brings. The land-promise to the fathers grounds the plea.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodotic)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'.
εἰσακούσῃyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (hearing refrain)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; the petition-refrain.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'; God's dwelling, the source of hearing.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵλεωςgraciousNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσῃ)→ participant prominenceἵλεως: 'gracious / forgiving'; the refrain's note of forgiveness.
ἔσῃyou will beFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; ἵλεως ἔσῃ, 'you will be gracious.'
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsDativedative object of ἵλεως ('gracious to the sins')→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת; the sins toward which God is gracious — i.e. which he forgives.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of possession (whose sins)→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel's sins.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαοῦ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψειςyou will bring backFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποστρέφωmain verb (restoration)→ predictive futureἀποστρέφω: 'turn back / bring back / restore'; renders שׁוּב (Hiph.); God restores the defeated people to their land — the specific remedy for the second petition.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the people brought back.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the promised land of the fathers, to which Israel is restored.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκας)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the land.
ἔδωκαςyou gaveAor Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the land-gift)δίδωμι: 'give'; God's gift of the land to the fathers, the basis of the restoration plea.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'; the patriarchs to whom the land was promised and given.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; the people's fathers.
35

ἐν τῷ συσχεθῆναι τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ μὴ γενέσθαι ὑετόν ὅτι ἁμαρτήσονταί σοι καὶ προσεύξονται εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον καὶ ἐξομολογήσονται τῷ ὀνόματί σου καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν ἀποστρέψουσιν ὅταν ταπεινώσῃς αὐτούς

When heaven is shut up and there is no rain, because they sin against you, and they pray toward this place and confess your name and turn from their sins when you humble them,

Third petition: drought (protasis)ἐν τῷ συσχεθῆναι
The third petition concerns drought — heaven 'shut up' (συσχεθῆναι) so that no rain falls — again as the consequence of sin. The penitential response includes turning from sin (ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν … ἀποστρέψουσιν) 'when you humble them' (ὅταν ταπεινώσῃς), the drought itself functioning as God's chastening discipline.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'when'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συσχεθῆναιto be shut upAor Pass Inf · συνέχωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when heaven is shut')→ constative (the occasion of drought)συνέχω: 'hold together / shut up / restrain'; the passive 'be shut up' of the heavens that withhold rain — renders עָצַר ('be restrained').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheaven / skyAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive→ object specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; here the sky as the source of rain, 'shut up' in drought.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴno / notnegation (with infinitive)→ clausal qualification or emphasisμή: negative used with the infinitive — 'there is no rain.'
γενέσθαιto be / comeAor Mid Inf · γίνομαιarticular infinitive (coordinate, temporal)→ constativeγίνομαι: 'come to be / happen'; μὴ γενέσθαι ὑετόν, 'there comes no rain' — the drought.
ὑετόνrainAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive→ object specificationὑετός: 'rain'; renders מָטָר; the withheld rain, sign of the divine chastisement.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; the drought is the consequence of sin.
ἁμαρτήσονταίthey sinFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἁμαρτάνωverb of causal clause→ gnomic futureἁμαρτάνω: 'sin'; the cause of the drought.
σοιagainst youDativedative (of the one wronged)→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'you'; sin against God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξονταιthey prayFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσεύχομαιverb of the penitential sequence→ predictive futureπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; prayer toward the place.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; the temple.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξομολογήσονταιthey confessFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐξομολογέωverb of the penitential sequence→ predictive futureἐξομολογέω (mid.): 'confess / acknowledge'; confessing the name of God.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative object of ἐξομολογήσονται→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; God's name confessed.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; turning away 'from' their sins.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; the sins from which the people turn in repentance.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
ἀποστρέψουσινthey turnFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποστρέφωverb of the penitential sequence→ predictive futureἀποστρέφω: 'turn away'; here intransitive, 'turn from their sins' — repentance.
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'when(ever)'; introduces the chastening that prompts repentance.
ταπεινώσῃςyou humbleAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ταπεινόωverb of temporal clause→ aorist subjunctiveταπεινόω: 'humble / afflict / bring low'; renders עָנָה; the drought as God's humbling discipline that brings the people to repentance.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the people humbled by the drought.
36

καὶ εἰσακούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἵλεως ἔσῃ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις τοῦ δούλου σου καὶ τοῦ λαοῦ σου Ισραηλ ὅτι δηλώσεις αὐτοῖς τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἀγαθὴν πορεύεσθαι ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ δώσεις ὑετὸν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἣν ἔδωκας τῷ λαῷ σου ἐν κληρονομίᾳ

then may you hear from heaven and be gracious to the sins of your servant and of your people Israel, for you will show them the good way to walk in it, and you will give rain upon the land which you gave to your people for an inheritance.

Third petition: apodosis (teaching the good way, sending rain)καὶ εἰσακούσῃ
The apodosis joins forgiveness to instruction and provision: God will 'show them the good way' (δηλώσεις … τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἀγαθήν) — the drought becomes an occasion for moral teaching — and then give rain on the inheritance-land. Discipline, instruction, and restored blessing form the petition's logic.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodotic)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακούσῃyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (hearing refrain)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; the refrain.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵλεωςgraciousNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσῃ)→ participant prominenceἵλεως: 'gracious / forgiving'.
ἔσῃyou will beFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'.
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsDativedative object of ἵλεως→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: 'sin'; the sins forgiven.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; the king, included with the people.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαοῦ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
ὅτιforcausal/explanatory conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; grounds the forgiveness in God's instruction.
δηλώσειςyou will showFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δηλόωmain verb (instruction)→ predictive futureδηλόω: 'make clear / show / reveal'; renders יָרָה (Hiph., 'teach'); God shows/teaches the people the good way — the discipline becomes instruction.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'them'; the people taught.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayAccusativedirect object of δηλώσεις→ object specificationὁδός: 'way'; the way of life God reveals.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἀγαθήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὴνgoodAccusativeattributive adjective ('the good way')→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good'; renders טוֹב; the 'good way' of obedience in which the people are to walk.
πορεύεσθαιto walkPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιepexegetic infinitive (defining the way)→ imperfectiveπορεύομαι: 'walk'; the way is shown in order that they may walk in it.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (the way)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'it'; the good way in which to walk.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειςyou will giveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the restored blessing)→ predictive futureδίδωμι: 'give'; God gives rain — restoring the blessing withheld in the drought.
ὑετὸνrainAccusativedirect object of δώσεις→ object specificationὑετός: 'rain'; the restored rain upon the land.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land that receives the rain.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκας)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the land.
ἔδωκαςyou gaveAor Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the gift of the land to the people.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceλαός: 'people'; the recipient of the land.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ἐνfor / aspreposition + dative (predicative: 'as an inheritance')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here predicative, 'for/as an inheritance' (a Hebraism, לְנַחֲלָה).
κληρονομίᾳinheritanceDativedative (predicative: the land as inheritance)→ sphere or referenceκληρονομία: 'inheritance / heritage'; renders נַחֲלָה; the land given to Israel as its permanent possession.
37

λιμὸς ἐὰν γένηται θάνατος ἐὰν γένηται ὅτι ἔσται ἐμπυρισμός βροῦχος ἐρυσίβη ἐὰν γένηται καὶ ἐὰν θλίψῃ αὐτὸν ἐχθρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν μιᾷ τῶν πόλεων αὐτοῦ πᾶν συνάντημα πᾶν πόνον

If there is famine, if there is pestilence, when there is scorching, locust, or blight; and if his enemy oppresses him in one of his cities — any calamity, any affliction —

Fourth petition: famine and plague (protasis, the list of calamities)λιμὸς ἐὰν γένηται
The fourth petition opens with a catalogue of national disasters — famine, pestilence, scorching-blight, locust, mildew, siege — each introduced or summed by ἐὰν γένηται ('if there be'). The comprehensive πᾶν συνάντημα, πᾶν πόνον ('any calamity, any affliction') gathers all forms of distress under the petition for hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
λιμὸςfamineNominativesubject of γένηται→ participant prominenceλιμός: 'famine / hunger'; renders רָעָב; the first of the catalogued calamities.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces each conditional calamity.
γένηταιthere beAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctive (eventuality)γίνομαι: 'come to be / happen'; ἐὰν γένηται, 'if there be' — the recurring frame for the list of disasters.
θάνατοςpestilence / deathNominativesubject of γένηται→ participant prominenceθάνατος: 'death'; here renders דֶּבֶר ('pestilence / plague'), the LXX commonly using θάνατος for the deadly epidemic.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'.
γένηταιthere beAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctiveγίνομαι: 'come to be'; repeated for pestilence.
ὅτιwhen / thatconjunction (here introducing the further list)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that / when'; here loosely introducing the further calamities ('when there be...').
ἔσταιthere will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb (existential)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; 'there will be / should there be' the following blights.
ἐμπυρισμόςscorching / blightNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceἐμπυρισμός: 'burning / scorching'; renders שִׁדָּפוֹן ('blasting / scorching of crops by the hot wind'), a form of agricultural blight.
βροῦχοςlocustNominativesubject (coordinate calamity)→ participant prominenceβροῦχος: 'locust' (a wingless/young locust); renders אַרְבֶּה or חָסִיל; the locust plague that devours crops.
ἐρυσίβηmildew / blightNominativesubject (coordinate calamity)→ participant prominenceἐρυσίβη: 'rust / mildew / blight'; renders יֵרָקוֹן ('paleness / mildew of grain'); another crop-disease, paired with ἐμπυρισμός as the standard blight-pair.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'.
γένηταιthere beAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctiveγίνομαι: 'come to be'; for the blights.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the siege scenario.
θλίψῃoppressesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · θλίβωverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctiveθλίβω: 'press / oppress / besiege'; renders צָרַר; of the enemy besieging/oppressing Israel in its cities.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of θλίψῃ→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'him'; collective Israel (or the individual), the oppressed party.
ἐχθρὸςenemyNominativesubject of θλίψῃ→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: 'enemy'; the besieging foe.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; his enemy.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
μιᾷoneDativenumeral (substantivized: 'one of the cities')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; ἐν μιᾷ τῶν πόλεων, 'in one of his cities' — wherever the siege occurs.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcitiesGenitivepartitive genitive→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; the cities of Israel, any one of which might be besieged.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; Israel's cities.
πᾶνany / everyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying συνάντημα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'any / every'; the comprehensive summing of all disasters.
συνάντημαcalamity / occurrenceAccusativeaccusative (summary object, anticipating v. 38)→ object specificationσυνάντημα: 'occurrence / chance / calamity'; renders נֶגַע ('plague / stroke') or פֶּגַע; whatever befalls — any misfortune.
πᾶνany / everyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πόνον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'any / every'.
πόνονaffliction / painAccusativeaccusative (summary object, coordinate with συνάντημα)→ object specificationπόνος: 'toil / pain / affliction'; renders מַחֲלָה ('sickness'); together πᾶν συνάντημα, πᾶν πόνον sums up every form of distress, leading into the petition of v. 38.
38

πᾶσαν προσευχήν πᾶσαν δέησιν ἐὰν γένηται παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ ὡς ἂν γνῶσιν ἕκαστος ἁφὴν καρδίας αὐτοῦ καὶ διαπετάσῃ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον

every prayer, every supplication that comes from any man, when each one knows the affliction of his own heart and spreads out his hands toward this house,

Fourth petition continued: the individual's prayer in distressπᾶσαν προσευχήν
The petition narrows from national calamity to the individual: 'every prayer … from any man' who knows the affliction of his own heart (ἁφὴν καρδίας αὐτοῦ — the inward wound or plague known only to the sufferer) and spreads out his hands toward the house. The phrase marks the temple as the focus of personal as well as corporate supplication.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying προσευχήν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; the comprehensive scope — every prayer.
προσευχήνprayerAccusativeaccusative (anticipating the object of εἰσακούσῃ in v. 39)→ object specificationπροσευχή: 'prayer'; the prayer offered in distress.
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying δέησιν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'.
δέησινsupplicationAccusativeaccusative (coordinate with προσευχήν)→ object specificationδέησις: 'supplication / entreaty'; paired with προσευχή for the full range of petitionary prayer.
ἐὰνif / wheneverconditional conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if / whenever'; introduces the occasion of the prayer.
γένηταιcomes / arisesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of conditional clause→ aorist subjunctiveγίνομαι: 'come to be / arise'; ἐὰν γένηται παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ, 'whatever prayer arises from any person.'
παντὶany / everyDativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀνθρώπῳ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'any / every'; from any individual person.
ἀνθρώπῳman / personDativedative of source ('from any man')→ sphere or referenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / person'; the individual whose prayer is heard — extending the petition to every Israelite.
ὡςwhen / astemporal/comparative conjunction (with ἄν + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when / as'; with ἄν, an indefinite temporal clause ('whenever each one knows').
ἂν-evermodal particle (indefiniteness)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle.
γνῶσινthey knowAor Act Subj 3 Pl · γινώσκωverb of indefinite temporal clause→ aorist subjunctive (ingressive: come to know)γινώσκω: 'know / recognise'; each person comes to know the affliction of his own heart — the inward acknowledgment that prompts prayer.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativesubject (distributive, despite plural verb)→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; the distributive subject — each individual sufferer.
ἁφὴνaffliction / plagueAccusativedirect object of γνῶσιν→ object specificationἁφή: 'touch / stroke / plague'; renders נֶגַע ('stroke / affliction'); 'the affliction of his heart' — the inward wound or distress that only the sufferer knows.
καρδίαςheartGenitivegenitive (defining: 'affliction of the heart')→ relational specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of the inward affliction.
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his own'; each one's own heart.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαπετάσῃspreads outAor Act Subj 3 Sg · διαπετάννυμιverb of indefinite clause (coordinate with γνῶσιν)→ aorist subjunctiveδιαπετάννυμι: 'spread out'; the individual extends his hands toward the house in prayer — the orant gesture (cf. v. 22).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of διαπετάσῃ→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the hands spread in supplication.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the focus of the individual's prayer.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'.
39

καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐξ ἑτοίμου κατοικητηρίου σου καὶ ἵλεως ἔσῃ καὶ ποιήσεις καὶ δώσεις ἀνδρὶ κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ καθὼς ἂν γνῷς τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ὅτι σὺ μονώτατος οἶδας τὴν καρδίαν πάντων υἱῶν ἀνθρώπων

then may you hear from heaven, from your established dwelling-place, and be gracious and act, and give to each man according to his ways, as you know his heart, for you alone know the heart of all the sons of men;

Fourth petition: apodosis (the heart-knowing God's just recompense)καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ
The apodosis grounds God's just recompense in his unique knowledge of the human heart: he renders to each according to his ways 'as you know his heart' — because σὺ μονώτατος οἶδας τὴν καρδίαν ('you alone know the heart'). This is the prayer's deepest theological claim: only the heart-knowing God can judge the inward affliction (ἁφὴν καρδίας, v. 38) of each person justly.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodotic)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'.
εἰσακούσῃyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (hearing refrain)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; the refrain.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from'; in apposition, specifying heaven as God's 'established dwelling.'
ἑτοίμουestablished / fixedGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying κατοικητηρίου)→ relational specificationἕτοιμος: 'ready / fixed / established'; renders מָכוֹן ('established place'); heaven is God's firmly-fixed dwelling-place.
κατοικητηρίουdwelling-placeGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationκατοικητήριον: 'dwelling / habitation'; God's heavenly habitation, the true seat from which he hears prayer.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵλεωςgraciousNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσῃ)→ participant prominenceἵλεως: 'gracious / forgiving'.
ἔσῃyou will beFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou will actFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (responsive deed)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'do / act'; the refrain's note of action.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειςyou will giveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (just recompense)→ predictive futureδίδωμι: 'give / render'; God renders to each according to his ways — individual recompense.
ἀνδρὶto each manDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: 'man'; renders אִישׁ; here distributive, 'to each man.'
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the measure of recompense.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationὁδός: 'way / conduct'; each man's conduct, the standard of recompense.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction (with ἄν)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'as / according as'; with ἄν + subjunctive, contingent on God's knowledge.
ἂν-evermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle.
γνῷςyou knowAor Act Subj 2 Sg · γινώσκωverb of comparative clause→ aorist subjunctiveγινώσκω: 'know'; God's knowledge of each heart is the basis of his just recompense.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartAccusativedirect object of γνῷς→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; the inward person known to God alone.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; grounds the just recompense in God's unique heart-knowledge.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; God alone.
μονώτατοςalone / onlyNominativepredicate adjective (superlative, with σύ)→ participant prominenceμόνος (superl. μονώτατος): 'alone / only'; the emphatic superlative 'you utterly alone' stresses God's unique, incommunicable knowledge of the human heart.
οἶδαςknowPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · οἶδαmain verb of causal clause→ stative perfect (settled knowledge)οἶδα: 'know'; the perfect-with-present-force verb of settled knowledge; God's complete knowledge of all human hearts.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartAccusativedirect object of οἶδας→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; the inward life of all people, fully known to God.
πάντωνof allGenitiveattributive (modifying υἱῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the universal scope — all humanity.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'heart of all the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων ('sons of men') is a Hebraism (בְּנֵי הָאָדָם) for humankind.
ἀνθρώπωνof menGenitivegenitive (defining υἱῶν)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man'; 'the sons of men' = all human beings, whose hearts God alone fully knows.
40

ὅπως φοβῶνταί σε πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἃς αὐτοὶ ζῶσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἧς ἔδωκας τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν

that they may fear you all the days that they live upon the land which you gave to our fathers.

Purpose clause (the goal of God's just dealing)ὅπως φοβῶνταί
The purpose clause (ὅπως + subjunctive) states the goal of God's heart-knowing recompense: that the people may fear (φοβῶνταί) him all their days in the land. The 'fear of the LORD' is the intended fruit of experiencing his just dealing — reverent obedience throughout the life of the nation on its land.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὅπωςthat / so thatpurpose conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: 'so that / in order that'; introduces the purpose of God's just dealing.
φοβῶνταίthey may fearPres Mid Subj 3 Pl · φοβέομαιverb of purpose clause→ imperfective subjunctive (continual reverence)φοβέομαι: 'fear / reverence'; renders יָרֵא; the 'fear of the LORD,' the reverent obedience that is the goal of experiencing his justice.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of φοβῶνται→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; God, the object of reverence.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἡμέρας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the whole span of life.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; 'all the days' — the whole lifetime of the nation.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative of duration in relative clause)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the days.
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject of ζῶσιν (emphatic)→ participant prominenceαὐτός: 'they themselves'; the people living in the land.
ζῶσινthey livePres Act Subj 3 Pl · ζάωverb of relative clause→ imperfective subjunctiveζάω: 'live'; the days of the people's life upon the land.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land of promise on which the people live.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκας, attracted to genitive)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun (genitive by attraction); refers to the land.
ἔδωκαςyou gaveAor Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; God's gift of the land to the fathers.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'; the patriarchs, recipients of the land-gift.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship (1st person plural)→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'; Solomon and Israel as heirs of the fathers.
41

καὶ τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ ὃς οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπὸ λαοῦ σου οὗτος

And also concerning the foreigner, who is not of your people — this one too —

Fifth petition: the foreigner (introduction)καὶ τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ
The fifth petition turns, strikingly, to the ἀλλότριος ('foreigner / outsider') who is not of Israel. The dangling οὗτος ('this one') resumes the foreigner emphatically, setting up the remarkable universalist concern of vv. 42–43: the temple is to be a house of prayer that draws even the nations to the knowledge of YHWH's name.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶand / alsocoordinate conjunction (introducing new petition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοτρίῳforeignerDativedative (concerning the foreigner; resumed by οὗτος)→ sphere or referenceἀλλότριος: 'belonging to another / foreign / stranger'; renders נָכְרִי ('foreigner'); the non-Israelite who comes to pray at the temple — the object of this remarkable universalist petition.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἔστιν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; defines the foreigner as one outside Israel.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἔστιν)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle.
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause→ gnomic presentεἰμί: 'be'; defines the foreigner as not belonging to God's people.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (origin/belonging)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; 'not from / not of your people' — outside the covenant community.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel, of whom the foreigner is not a member.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
οὗτοςthis oneNominativeresumptive demonstrative (pendent: 'this one too')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this one'; a pendent/resumptive demonstrative dangling at the verse-end, emphatically reintroducing the foreigner as the subject of the following petition.
42

καὶ ἥξουσιν καὶ προσεύξονται εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον

and they will come and pray toward this place,

Fifth petition: the foreigner's coming and prayer (protasis)καὶ ἥξουσιν
The brief protasis: foreigners 'will come' (ἥξουσιν) and pray toward the house. The fuller Hebrew here speaks of the foreigner coming because of God's great name and outstretched arm; the OG abbreviates, but the universalist thrust — outsiders drawn to pray at the temple — is preserved and developed in v. 43.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥξουσινthey will comeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἥκωmain verb→ predictive futureἥκω: 'come / arrive / be present'; renders בּוֹא; the foreigners come — from afar, drawn by the LORD's name — to pray at the house.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξονταιthey will prayFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσεύχομαιmain verb→ predictive futureπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the foreigners direct their prayer toward the temple.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationτόπος: 'place'; the temple, focus of the foreigner's prayer.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'.
43

καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐξ ἑτοίμου κατοικητηρίου σου καὶ ποιήσεις κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἂν ἐπικαλέσηταί σε ὁ ἀλλότριος ὅπως γνῶσιν πάντες οἱ λαοὶ τὸ ὄνομά σου καὶ φοβῶνταί σε καθὼς ὁ λαός σου Ισραηλ καὶ γνῶσιν ὅτι τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐπικέκληται ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ὃν ᾠκοδόμησα

then may you hear from heaven, from your established dwelling-place, and do according to all that the foreigner calls upon you for, that all the peoples of the earth may know your name and fear you as your people Israel do, and may know that your name has been called over this house which I have built.

Fifth petition: apodosis (the universalist purpose)καὶ σὺ εἰσακούσῃ
The apodosis is the prayer's universalist climax. Uniquely among the petitions, Solomon asks that God grant the foreigner all he requests — so that all the peoples may know God's name and fear him as Israel does. The temple becomes a beacon to the nations; the perfect ἐπικέκληται ('your name has been called over this house') marks it as belonging to YHWH and known among the peoples.
Word-by-word analysis· 49 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodotic)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'.
εἰσακούσῃyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (hearing refrain)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; the refrain.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from'; apposition specifying heaven as God's dwelling.
ἑτοίμουestablishedGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying κατοικητηρίου)→ relational specificationἕτοιμος: 'ready / fixed / established'; God's firmly-fixed heavenly dwelling (cf. v. 39).
κατοικητηρίουdwelling-placeGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationκατοικητήριον: 'dwelling / habitation'; God's heavenly seat.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou will doFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the granting)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'do / act'; uniquely, God is asked to do all the foreigner requests — a sign of the petition's expansiveness toward the nations.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the measure of the granting — all the foreigner asks.
πάνταallAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the whole of the foreigner's requests.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (indefinite, object of ἐπικαλέσηται)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatever'; with ἄν, indefinite — 'whatever the foreigner calls for.'
ἂν-evermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle.
ἐπικαλέσηταίcalls uponAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · ἐπικαλέωverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctiveἐπικαλέω (mid.): 'call upon / invoke / appeal to'; the foreigner invokes the LORD's name in prayer — the same root recurs in ἐπικέκληται below.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of ἐπικαλέσηται→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; God, called upon by the foreigner.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλότριοςforeignerNominativesubject of ἐπικαλέσηται→ participant prominenceἀλλότριος: 'foreigner / stranger'; the non-Israelite suppliant.
ὅπωςthat / so thatpurpose conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: 'so that'; introduces the universalist purpose.
γνῶσινmay knowAor Act Subj 3 Pl · γινώσκωverb of purpose clause→ aorist subjunctive (ingressive: come to know)γινώσκω: 'know'; that all peoples may come to know God's name — the recognition-formula extended to the nations.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying λαοί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; all the peoples of the earth.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοὶpeoplesNominativesubject of γνῶσιν→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people / nation'; in the plural, the gentile nations — drawn to knowledge of YHWH through the temple.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameAccusativedirect object of γνῶσιν→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; God's name, known among the nations.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβῶνταίmay fearPres Mid Subj 3 Pl · φοβέομαιverb of purpose clause→ imperfective subjunctiveφοβέομαι: 'fear / reverence'; the nations come to fear God as Israel does — universal reverence.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of φοβῶνται→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; God, the object of universal reverence.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'as / just as'; the nations' reverence is patterned on Israel's.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleNominativesubject (in comparison)→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'; Israel, the model of the fear of God.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶσινmay knowAor Act Subj 3 Pl · γινώσκωverb of purpose clause (repeated)→ aorist subjunctiveγινώσκω: 'know'; that the nations may also know the name has been called over the house.
ὅτιthatconjunction (object clause of γνῶσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that'; introduces the content of the knowing.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameNominativesubject of ἐπικέκληται→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; God's name, invoked over the house.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ἐπικέκληταιhas been calledPerf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικαλέωverb of object clause→ stative perfect (abiding status)ἐπικαλέω (perf. pass.): 'be named over / be invoked upon'; renders נִקְרָא שֵׁם ... עַל ('the name is called over'), the Hebraism for ownership/belonging — the house belongs to YHWH, bearing his name.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (the name 'over' the house)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'over / upon'; in the idiom 'the name is called over the house.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the house over which God's name is invoked.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησα)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the house.
ᾠκοδόμησαI have builtAor Act Indic 1 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; Solomon's building of the house, bearing God's name before the nations.
44

ὅτι ἐξελεύσεται ὁ λαός σου εἰς πόλεμον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ ἐν ὁδῷ ᾗ ἐπιστρέψεις αὐτούς καὶ προσεύξονται ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου ὁδὸν τῆς πόλεως ἧς ἐξελέξω ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου οὗ ᾠκοδόμησα τῷ ὀνόματί σου

When your people go out to war against their enemies, by the way you send them, and they pray in the name of the LORD toward the city which you have chosen and toward the house which I have built for your name,

Sixth petition: war (protasis)ὅτι ἐξελεύσεται
The sixth petition concerns the people going out to war 'by the way you send them' — legitimate, divinely-sanctioned warfare — and praying toward the chosen city and the house. The doubled directional accusative ὁδὸν τῆς πόλεως … (καὶ) τοῦ οἴκου ('toward the city … the house') is the spatial orientation of prayer that recurs in the exile petition (v. 48).
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ὅτιwhen / ifconjunction (introducing the case)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'when / that'; here introducing the conditional scenario of warfare.
ἐξελεύσεταιgoes outFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb of protasis→ predictive futureἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; renders יָצָא; the people go out to battle.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleNominativesubject→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'; Israel going to war.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal/purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal/purpose).
πόλεμονwarAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationπόλεμος: 'war / battle'; renders מִלְחָמָה; the military campaign.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'against'; in hostile sense, against the enemies.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemiesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἐχθρός: 'enemy'; the foes against whom Israel campaigns.
αὐτοῦtheirGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their' (collective with λαός).
ἐνbypreposition + dative (means/route)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means/route).
ὁδῷwayDativedative of route ('by the way')→ sphere or referenceὁδός: 'way / road'; the route on which God sends the army — divine direction of the campaign.
whichDativerelative pronoun (dative, attracted)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the way.
ἐπιστρέψειςyou sendFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωverb of relative clause→ predictive futureἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / direct / send'; here of God directing/sending the army on its way — the campaign is under divine guidance.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the people God sends.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξονταιthey prayFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσεύχομαιmain verb (the prayer in war)→ predictive futureπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the soldiers pray toward the city and house even on campaign.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in the name')→ spatial or relational framingἐν ὀνόματι: 'in the name of' — praying invoking the LORD's name.
ὀνόματιnameDativedative (sphere of the prayer)→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; they pray 'in the name of the LORD,' invoking his authority and presence.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the name in which they pray.
ὁδὸνtoward / by way ofAccusativeadverbial accusative (direction: 'toward')→ object specificationὁδός: 'way'; the accusative ὁδόν here functions adverbially/prepositionally, 'toward / in the direction of' the city — a Hebraism (דֶּרֶךְ) for the orientation of prayer.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive (toward the city)→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; Jerusalem, the chosen city toward which prayer is directed.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐξελέξω)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the city.
ἐξελέξωyou choseAor Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἐκλέγομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the election)ἐκλέγομαι: 'choose'; the chosen city — echoing the election language of v. 16.
ἐνin / itpreposition + dative (resumptive Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingἐν αὐτῇ: 'in it' — the resumptive pronoun after the relative is a Hebraism (אֲשֶׁר ... בָּהּ).
αὐτῇitDativeresumptive pronoun (Hebraism)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'it'; the resumptive 'in it' redundantly resuming the relative ἧς, a Hebraism.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive (toward the house, parallel to πόλεως)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the second focus of the prayer, parallel to the city.
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησα)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the house.
ᾠκοδόμησαI builtAor Act Indic 1 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; Solomon's building of the house for the name.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the house built for God's name.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
45

καὶ εἰσακούσει ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῆς δεήσεως αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς προσευχῆς αὐτῶν καὶ ποιήσεις τὸ δικαίωμα αὐτοῖς

then may you hear from heaven their supplication and their prayer, and maintain their cause.

Sixth petition: apodosis (vindication in war)καὶ εἰσακούσει
The brief apodosis: God hears from heaven the supplication and prayer of the army and 'maintains their cause' (ποιήσεις τὸ δικαίωμα αὐτοῖς) — grants them the justice/victory of their just cause. The verse closes the war petition with the assurance of divine vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodotic)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακούσειyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (hearing refrain)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; the form εἰσακούσει spells the 2nd-person future middle by itacism (ῃ written ει); the refrain of hearing.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεήσεωςsupplicationGenitivegenitive object of εἰσακούσει→ relational specificationδέησις: 'supplication'; the army's plea.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχῆςprayerGenitivegenitive object of εἰσακούσει (coordinate)→ relational specificationπροσευχή: 'prayer'; paired with δέησις.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou will maintainFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (vindication)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'do / execute'; ποιεῖν τὸ δικαίωμα ('to maintain the cause / do justice') — God grants the army the justice of their cause, i.e. victory.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίωμαcause / rightAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationδικαίωμα: 'judgment / just claim / right'; renders מִשְׁפָּט; 'their cause / their right' — the just verdict God grants in their favour.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'for them'; the army for whom God maintains the cause.
46

ὅτι ἁμαρτήσονταί σοι ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνθρωπος ὃς οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεται καὶ ἐπάξεις ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς καὶ παραδώσεις αὐτοὺς ἐνώπιον ἐχθρῶν καὶ αἰχμαλωτιοῦσιν αὐτοὺς οἱ αἰχμαλωτίζοντες εἰς γῆν μακρὰν καὶ ἐγγύς

When they sin against you — for there is no man who will not sin — and you are angry with them and deliver them up before enemies, and their captors carry them away captive to a land far off or near,

Seventh petition: exile (protasis begins)ὅτι ἁμαρτήσονταί
The seventh and climactic petition concerns exile. Its premise is the universal sinfulness of humanity — οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνθρωπος ὃς οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεται ('there is no man who will not sin'), a maxim Paul echoes (cf. Rom 3:23). Sin leads to God's anger, defeat, and deportation to a land 'far off or near' — the whole range of possible captivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ὅτιwhen / ifconjunction (introducing the case)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'when / that'; introduces the exile scenario.
ἁμαρτήσονταίthey sinFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἁμαρτάνωverb of protasis→ gnomic/predictive futureἁμαρτάνω: 'sin'; the people's sin, the cause of the exile.
σοιagainst youDativedative (of the one wronged)→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'you'; sin against God.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction (parenthetical maxim)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; introduces the universal maxim of human sinfulness.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἔστιν)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle.
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίexistential verb→ gnomic present (timeless truth)εἰμί: 'be / exist'; οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνθρωπος ὃς οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεται — the universal anthropological maxim of sin.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativesubject (existential)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / human being'; no human is exempt from sin.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἁμαρτήσεται)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; 'who will not sin.'
οὐχnotnegation (with ἁμαρτήσεται)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle (form οὐχ before rough breathing).
ἁμαρτήσεταιwill sinFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἁμαρτάνωverb of relative clause→ gnomic futureἁμαρτάνω: 'sin'; the universal certainty of human sin — every person sins.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάξειςyou are angry / bring uponFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπάγωmain verb (divine response to sin)→ predictive futureἐπάγω: 'bring upon / lead against'; God 'brings [judgment] upon' them — the hostile imposition that delivers them to their enemies (cf. the same verb at Exod 11:1).
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (hostile direction, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon / against'; in hostile sense.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the sinning people.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδώσειςyou deliver upFut Act Indic 2 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb (handing over)→ predictive futureπαραδίδωμι: 'hand over / deliver up'; renders נָתַן; God delivers the people into the power of their enemies as judgment.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the power of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי); delivered 'before / into the power of' the enemy.
ἐχθρῶνenemiesGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationἐχθρός: 'enemy'; the foes to whom Israel is delivered.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰχμαλωτιοῦσινthey carry captiveFut Act Indic 3 Pl · αἰχμαλωτίζωmain verb (deportation)→ predictive futureαἰχμαλωτίζω: 'take captive / lead away as prisoner'; renders שָׁבָה; the captors deport the defeated people — the exile proper.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with substantivized participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωτίζοντεςcaptorsPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · αἰχμαλωτίζωsubstantivized participle (subject: 'the captors')→ imperfective (the captor-agents)αἰχμαλωτίζω: 'take captive'; the substantivized participle 'the ones taking captive' = the captors who deport Israel.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land of captivity.
μακρὰνfar offAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying γῆν)→ object specificationμακρός: 'far / distant'; a 'far-off' land of exile — paired with 'near' for the whole range.
καὶor / andcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγγύςnearadverb (with γῆν: 'near')→ clausal contributionἐγγύς: 'near'; 'far off or near' — a merism covering any place of captivity, however distant.
47

καὶ ἐπιστρέψουσιν καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ γῇ οὗ μετήχθησαν ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν καὶ δεηθῶσίν σου ἐν γῇ μετοικίας αὐτῶν λέγοντες ἡμάρτομεν ἠνομήσαμεν ἠδικήσαμεν

and they turn back their hearts in the land where they were led away, and repent and make supplication to you in the land of their captivity, saying, 'We have sinned, we have done wrong, we have committed iniquity,'

Seventh petition: the exiles' repentanceκαὶ ἐπιστρέψουσιν
The penitential turn of the exile petition: in the land of their captivity the people turn their hearts back, repent, and make supplication with a threefold confession — ἡμάρτομεν, ἠνομήσαμεν, ἠδικήσαμεν ('we have sinned, done wrong, committed iniquity') — the classic triad of penitential confession (cf. Dan 9:5; Ps 106:6).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψουσινthey turn backFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (repentance)→ predictive futureἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / return'; here transitive with καρδίας ('turn back their hearts') — the inward turn of repentance.
καρδίαςheartsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιστρέψουσιν→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; the hearts turned back to God in repentance.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; the land of exile where they repent.
οὗwhererelative adverb of place→ participant referenceοὗ: 'where'; the place to which they were deported.
μετήχθησανthey were led awayAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · μετάγωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the deportation)μετάγω: 'lead away / transfer'; the passive 'were led away' of the deportation into exile.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive Hebraism)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the resumptive 'there' after οὗ ('where ... there') is a Hebraism (אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁם).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψωσινthey repentAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἐπιστρέφωverb of the penitential sequence (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctiveἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / repent'; here intransitive, the act of repentance in exile.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεηθῶσίνthey make supplicationAor Pass Subj 3 Pl · δέομαιverb of the penitential sequence→ aorist subjunctiveδέομαι: 'beg / entreat / make supplication'; the exiles' plea for mercy.
σουto youGenitivegenitive object of δέομαι→ relational specificationσύ: 'you'; the object of the supplication (δέομαι + gen.).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
γῇlandDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; the land of their captivity.
μετοικίαςcaptivity / exileGenitivegenitive (defining: 'land of their exile')→ relational specificationμετοικία: 'deportation / exile / removal'; renders שְׁבִי / גּוֹלָה; the land of their forced relocation.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the confession)→ imperfectiveλέγω: λέγοντες introduces the quoted penitential confession.
ἡμάρτομενwe have sinnedAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἁμαρτάνωmain verb of confession (first member of triad)→ constative aorist (acknowledged guilt)ἁμαρτάνω: 'sin / miss the mark'; the first and most general term of the penitential triad.
ἠνομήσαμενwe have done wrongAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀνομέωmain verb of confession (second member)→ constative aoristἀνομέω: 'act lawlessly / transgress'; renders עָוָה / הֶעֱוֵיתִי; the second term — lawless transgression.
ἠδικήσαμενwe have committed iniquityAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀδικέωmain verb of confession (third member)→ constative aoristἀδικέω: 'do wrong / act unjustly / commit iniquity'; renders רָשַׁעְנוּ; the third term — completing the threefold confession of guilt (cf. Dan 9:5).
48

καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν πρὸς σὲ ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ ψυχῇ αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ γῇ ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν οὗ μετήγαγες αὐτούς καὶ προσεύξονται πρὸς σὲ ὁδὸν γῆς αὐτῶν ἧς ἔδωκας τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν τῆς πόλεως ἧς ἐξελέξω καὶ τοῦ οἴκου οὗ ᾠκοδόμηκα τῷ ὀνόματί σου

and they turn back to you with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their enemies, where you led them away, and they pray to you toward the land which you gave to their fathers, toward the city which you have chosen and the house which I have built for your name,

Seventh petition: wholehearted return and prayerκαὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν πρὸς σὲ
The repentance deepens to a wholehearted return — ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ … καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ ψυχῇ ('with all their heart and all their soul', the Deuteronomic formula of Deut 6:5; 30:2). The exiles pray 'toward' the land, the chosen city, and the house — the same triple orientation as the war petition (v. 44), now from the depths of captivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 45 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψωσινthey turn backAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἐπιστρέφωverb of the penitential sequence→ aorist subjunctiveἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / return'; the wholehearted return to God in exile.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of return)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of return).
σὲyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; God, to whom they return.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
ὅλῃwholeDativeattributive adjective (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceὅλος: 'whole'; ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ, the Deuteronomic 'whole heart' (Deut 6:5).
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of manner→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of wholehearted devotion.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
ὅλῃwholeDativeattributive adjective (modifying ψυχῇ)→ sphere or referenceὅλος: 'whole'; ἐν ὅλῃ ψυχῇ, completing the Deuteronomic formula.
ψυχῇsoulDativedative of manner→ sphere or referenceψυχή: 'soul / life'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; 'with all their soul' — total self-giving in repentance.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; the land of the enemies.
ἐχθρῶνenemiesGenitivegenitive (defining: 'land of their enemies')→ relational specificationἐχθρός: 'enemy'; the captors' land.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
οὗwhererelative adverb of place→ participant referenceοὗ: 'where'; the place of deportation.
μετήγαγεςyou led awayAor Act Indic 2 Sg · μετάγωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristμετάγω: 'lead away / transfer'; here God himself 'led them away' — the exile attributed ultimately to divine action.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξονταιthey prayFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσεύχομαιmain verb (prayer in exile)→ predictive futureπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the exiles pray toward the homeland, city, and house.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of address)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of address).
σὲyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; God, to whom they pray.
ὁδὸνtoward / by way ofAccusativeadverbial accusative (direction: 'toward')→ object specificationὁδός: 'way'; the adverbial ὁδόν, 'toward / in the direction of' the land (Hebraism, דֶּרֶךְ); the orientation of exilic prayer toward the homeland.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive (toward the land)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the promised homeland toward which they pray.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; their own land.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκας)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the land.
ἔδωκαςyou gaveAor Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the land given to the fathers.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'; the patriarchs, recipients of the land-gift.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive (toward the city, parallel to γῆς)→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; Jerusalem, the chosen city.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐξελέξω)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the city.
ἐξελέξωyou choseAor Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἐκλέγομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἐκλέγομαι: 'choose'; the chosen city.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive (toward the house, parallel)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the third focus of prayer.
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμηκα)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the house.
ᾠκοδόμηκαI have builtPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ stative perfect (abiding result)οἰκοδομέω (perf.): 'have built'; the perfect ᾠκοδόμηκα stresses the abiding result — the house stands built for the name (contrast the aorist ᾠκοδόμησα elsewhere).
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the house built for God's name.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
49

καὶ εἰσακούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐξ ἑτοίμου κατοικητηρίου σου

then may you hear from heaven, from your established dwelling-place,

Seventh petition: apodosis begins (the hearing refrain)καὶ εἰσακούσῃ
The apodosis of the exile petition opens with the now-familiar refrain — hear from heaven, your established dwelling — continued and amplified in vv. 50–51 with the plea for forgiveness and compassion before the captors.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodotic)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακούσῃyou will hearFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (hearing refrain)→ volitive/predictive futureεἰσακούω: 'hear'; the refrain, here opening the apodosis of the climactic exile petition.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from'; apposition specifying heaven as God's dwelling.
ἑτοίμουestablishedGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying κατοικητηρίου)→ relational specificationἕτοιμος: 'fixed / established'; God's firmly-fixed heavenly dwelling (cf. vv. 39, 43).
κατοικητηρίουdwelling-placeGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationκατοικητήριον: 'dwelling / habitation'; God's heavenly seat, from which he hears.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
50

καὶ ἵλεως ἔσῃ ταῖς ἀδικίαις αὐτῶν αἷς ἥμαρτόν σοι καὶ κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἀθετήματα αὐτῶν ἃ ἠθέτησάν σοι καὶ δώσεις αὐτοὺς εἰς οἰκτιρμοὺς ἐνώπιον αἰχμαλωτευόντων αὐτούς καὶ οἰκτιρήσουσιν αὐτούς

and be gracious to their iniquities by which they have sinned against you, and to all their transgressions by which they have transgressed against you, and grant them to be objects of compassion before their captors, that they may have compassion on them;

Seventh petition: forgiveness and compassion before captorsκαὶ ἵλεως ἔσῃ
The apodosis continues with the plea for forgiveness of iniquities and transgressions, and adds a distinctive request: that God grant the exiles to be 'objects of compassion' (εἰς οἰκτιρμούς) before their captors, who will then pity them. The motif anticipates the mercy shown Israel in exile (cf. Ps 106:46; Dan 1:9).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵλεωςgraciousNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσῃ)→ participant prominenceἵλεως: 'gracious / forgiving'; the refrain's note of forgiveness.
ἔσῃyou will beFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; ἵλεως ἔσῃ, 'you will be gracious.'
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικίαιςiniquitiesDativedative object of ἵλεως→ sphere or referenceἀδικία: 'wrongdoing / iniquity'; renders עָוֹן; the iniquities God is asked to forgive.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
αἷςby whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of means/respect)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; 'by which they sinned.'
ἥμαρτόνthey sinnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἁμαρτάνωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: 'sin'; the people's sins against God.
σοιagainst youDativedative (of the one wronged)→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'you'; sin against God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰin respect of / according topreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / in respect of'; 'as to all their transgressions.'
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀθετήματα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of their transgressions.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀθετήματαtransgressionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationἀθέτημα: 'breach / transgression / act of rebellion'; renders פֶּשַׁע; deliberate acts of covenant-breaking.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'.
by whichAccusativerelative pronoun (cognate accusative)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; cognate with ἠθέτησαν, 'by which they transgressed.'
ἠθέτησάνthey transgressedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀθετέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἀθετέω: 'set aside / break faith / transgress'; the cognate verb of ἀθέτημα — they broke faith with God.
σοιagainst youDativedative (of the one wronged)→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'you'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειςyou will grantFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (granting compassion)→ predictive futureδίδωμι: 'give / grant'; δώσεις αὐτοὺς εἰς οἰκτιρμούς ('grant them to compassion') — make them objects of pity before their captors.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the exiles.
εἰςto / aspreposition + accusative (predicative goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'to / for'; εἰς οἰκτιρμούς, 'to/for compassion' — that they become objects of mercy (a Hebraism, לְרַחֲמִים).
οἰκτιρμοὺςcompassionAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (predicative)→ object specificationοἰκτιρμός: 'compassion / pity / mercy'; renders רַחֲמִים; the exiles are to be objects of compassion before their captors.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the sight of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי); before the captors.
αἰχμαλωτευόντωνcaptorsPres Act Ptcp Gen Pl Masc · αἰχμαλωτεύωsubstantivized participle (genitive: 'their captors')→ imperfective (the captor-agents)αἰχμαλωτεύω: 'take captive'; the substantivized participle 'those holding [them] captive' = the captors.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of the participle→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the captives.
καὶand / thatcoordinate conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκτιρήσουσινthey will have compassionFut Act Indic 3 Pl · οἰκτίρωmain verb (result of the granting)→ predictive futureοἰκτίρω: 'have compassion / pity'; the cognate verb — the captors will pity the exiles, the intended result of God's granting.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the exiles, pitied by their captors.
51

ὅτι λαός σου καὶ κληρονομία σου οὓς ἐξήγαγες ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐκ μέσου χωνευτηρίου σιδήρου

for they are your people and your inheritance, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt, out of the midst of the iron-furnace.

Ground of the petition (covenant ownership)ὅτι λαός σου
The ground of the whole exile petition: Israel is God's own people and inheritance, redeemed from 'the iron-furnace' (χωνευτηρίου σιδήρου) of Egypt — a vivid metaphor for the crucible of Egyptian bondage (cf. Deut 4:20; Jer 11:4). The Exodus redemption is the basis for the plea that God not abandon his people in a new captivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; grounds the petition in covenant ownership.
λαόςpeopleNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'; Israel is God's covenant people.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominative (coordinate with λαός)→ participant prominenceκληρονομία: 'inheritance / heritage'; renders נַחֲלָה; Israel as God's own portion and possession (cf. Deut 9:29).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐξήγαγες)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the people.
ἐξήγαγεςyou brought outAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐξάγωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the Exodus)ἐξάγω: 'lead out / bring out'; the Exodus deliverance, the ground of Israel's belonging to God.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; Egypt, the land of bondage.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (defining: 'land of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: declined (gen. Αἰγύπτου).
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source, in apposition)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'out of'; apposition intensifying the place of bondage.
μέσουmidstGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('out of the midst')→ relational specificationμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐκ μέσου, 'from the midst of' — out of the very heart of the furnace.
χωνευτηρίουfurnace / smelting-furnaceGenitivegenitive (defining: 'furnace')→ relational specificationχωνευτήριον: 'smelting-furnace / crucible'; renders כּוּר; the 'iron-furnace' is the metaphor for the crucible of Egyptian slavery (cf. Deut 4:20; Jer 11:4).
σιδήρουof ironGenitivegenitive (defining: 'furnace of iron')→ relational specificationσίδηρος: 'iron'; χωνευτήριον σιδήρου ('the iron-furnace'), the smelting-crucible used for iron — the harshest image of refining affliction, applied to Egypt.
52

καὶ ἔστωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου καὶ τὰ ὦτά σου ἠνεῳγμένα εἰς τὴν δέησιν τοῦ δούλου σου καὶ εἰς τὴν δέησιν τοῦ λαοῦ σου Ισραηλ εἰσακούειν αὐτῶν ἐν πᾶσιν οἷς ἂν ἐπικαλέσωνταί σε

Let your eyes and your ears be open to the supplication of your servant and to the supplication of your people Israel, to hearken to them in all things for which they call upon you;

Summarizing petition (eyes and ears open)καὶ ἔστωσαν
A summarizing petition closing the body of the prayer: let God's eyes and ears (ὀφθαλμοί … ὦτα) be open to the supplication of king and people. The imperative ἔστωσαν gathers the seven petitions into the single plea for continual divine attentiveness 'in all things for which they call upon you.'
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστωσανlet bePres Act Impv 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (imperative of petition)→ imperative (request)εἰμί: 'be'; the third-person imperative 'let [your eyes and ears] be open' — the summarizing plea for attentiveness.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesNominativesubject of ἔστωσαν→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; God's watchful eyes open toward his people's plea (cf. v. 29).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦτάearsNominativesubject of ἔστωσαν (coordinate with ὀφθαλμοί)→ participant prominenceοὖς (pl. ὦτα): 'ear'; God's ears open to hear — the anthropomorphic image of attentive hearing.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ἠνεῳγμέναopenPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Neut · ἀνοίγωpredicate participle (with ἔστωσαν: 'be open')→ stative perfect (abiding openness)ἀνοίγω: 'open'; the perfect passive participle expresses the settled state of God's eyes and ears being open — continual readiness to hear (cf. v. 29).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (object of attention)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (object of attention).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησινsupplicationAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationδέησις: 'supplication'; the servant's plea, toward which God's eyes and ears are open.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; the king.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησινsupplicationAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (parallel)→ object specificationδέησις: 'supplication'; the people's plea.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαοῦ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
εἰσακούεινto hearkenPres Act Inf · εἰσακούωinfinitive of purpose (the goal of openness)→ imperfectiveεἰσακούω: 'hear / hearken to'; the purpose of God's open eyes and ears — to heed the people's calls.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of εἰσακούειν→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'them'; servant and people, heeded by God.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
πᾶσινall thingsDativedative (sphere: 'in all things')→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; in everything for which they pray.
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative, indefinite with ἄν)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; 'in all things for which.'
ἂν-evermodal particle (indefiniteness)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle.
ἐπικαλέσωνταίthey call uponAor Mid Subj 3 Pl · ἐπικαλέωverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctiveἐπικαλέω (mid.): 'call upon / invoke'; whenever the people invoke God's name in prayer.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of ἐπικαλέσωνται→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; God, called upon.
53

ὅτι σὺ διέστειλας αὐτοὺς σαυτῷ εἰς κληρονομίαν ἐκ πάντων τῶν λαῶν τῆς γῆς καθὼς ἐλάλησας ἐν χειρὶ δούλου σου Μωυσῆ ἐν τῷ ἐξαγαγεῖν σε τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου κύριε κύριε τότε ἐλάλησεν Σαλωμων ὑπὲρ τοῦ οἴκου ὡς συνετέλεσεν τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι αὐτόν ἥλιον ἐγνώρισεν ἐν οὐρανῷ κύριος εἶπεν τοῦ κατοικεῖν ἐν γνόφῳ οἰκοδόμησον οἶκόν μου οἶκον ἐκπρεπῆ σαυτῷ τοῦ κατοικεῖν ἐπὶ καινότητος οὐκ ἰδοὺ αὕτη γέγραπται ἐν βιβλίῳ τῆς ᾠδῆς

for you set them apart for yourself as an inheritance out of all the peoples of the earth, as you spoke by the hand of your servant Moses when you brought our fathers out of the land of Egypt, O LORD, LORD.' Then Solomon spoke concerning the house, when he had finished building it: 'The sun the LORD made known in heaven; he said he would dwell in thick darkness: Build my house, a splendid house for yourself, to dwell in newness. Behold, is this not written in the Book of the Song?'

Final ground of the prayer + the embedded 'sun' couplet (the LXX plus)ὅτι σὺ διέστειλας
The prayer closes its final petition with the ground of election: God 'set apart' (διέστειλας) Israel as his inheritance from all peoples, as he spoke by Moses at the Exodus — sealed by the double vocative κύριε κύριε. The LXX then embeds here (at the position where the MT lacks it) an expanded form of the 'sun' couplet otherwise reflected in MT 8:12–13: 'The sun the LORD set in heaven; he said he would dwell in thick darkness' — followed by the building-command and the closing citation, ἰδοὺ αὕτη γέγραπται ἐν βιβλίῳ τῆς ᾠδῆς ('is this not written in the Book of the Song?'). The reference to the 'Book of the Song' (reading השיר for the MT's הישר, 'the Book of Jashar') is marked in the printed edition by an editorial siglum, which is part of the apparatus and not the running text; it has been omitted here, with no word object created for it. This embedded couplet is why the Greek lacks separate verses 12–13.
Word-by-word analysis· 71 words
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; grounds the final petition in Israel's election.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; God the elector.
διέστειλαςset apartAor Act Indic 2 Sg · διαστέλλωmain verb (the election)→ constative aorist (the act of separation)διαστέλλω: 'separate / set apart / distinguish'; renders הִבְדִּיל; God set Israel apart from the nations as his own inheritance — the election that grounds the whole prayer.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the people set apart.
σαυτῷfor yourselfDativereflexive dative of advantage→ sphere or referenceσεαυτοῦ: reflexive 'for yourself'; God set Israel apart as his own possession.
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (predicative)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'as / for'; εἰς κληρονομίαν, 'as an inheritance' (Hebraism, לְנַחֲלָה).
κληρονομίανinheritanceAccusativeaccusative (predicative: 'as an inheritance')→ object specificationκληρονομία: 'inheritance / heritage'; Israel as God's own portion among the nations.
ἐκout of / frompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from'; set apart 'from' all the peoples.
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying λαῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; from all the peoples of the earth.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῶνpeoplesGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; in the plural, the nations from whom Israel is set apart.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (defining: 'peoples of the earth')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth'; all the peoples of the earth.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'as / just as'; the election was foretold by Moses.
ἐλάλησαςyou spokeAor Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωverb of comparative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; God's word about Israel's election, spoken through Moses.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: 'by the hand of' — a Hebraism (בְּיַד) for mediation, 'through' Moses.
χειρὶhandDativedative of instrument (Hebraistic: 'by the hand of')→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ, 'through Moses' as God's agent.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive (defining: 'your servant Moses')→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; Moses as God's servant, the mediator of the word.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΜωυσῆMosesGenitivegenitive in apposition to δούλου→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; declined (gen. Μωυσῆ); the servant through whom God spoke.
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'when'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαγαγεῖνto bring outAor Act Inf · ἐξάγωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when you brought out')→ constative (the Exodus frame)ἐξάγω: 'lead out / bring out'; the Exodus, the moment of the election-word.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; God, the one who brought the fathers out.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέραςfathersAccusativedirect object of ἐξαγαγεῖν→ object specificationπατήρ: 'father'; the ancestors brought out of Egypt.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; Egypt.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (defining: 'land of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: declined (gen. Αἰγύπτου).
κύριεO LORDVocativevocative of address (first of doubled invocation)→ direct addressκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the prayer closes with the doubled vocative κύριε κύριε ('O LORD, LORD'), a solemn emphatic address.
κύριεLORDVocativevocative of address (second of doubled invocation)→ direct addressκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the repeated vocative intensifies the closing appeal.
τότεthentemporal adverb (transition to the embedded couplet)→ adverbial qualificationτότε: 'then'; introduces the LXX's embedded 'sun' couplet — a narratorial transition after the prayer.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (narratorial)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; Solomon's further word concerning the house, introducing the embedded couplet.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
ὑπὲρconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + gen.: 'concerning / about'; Solomon's word about the house.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive object of ὑπέρ→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the subject of the couplet.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when / as'; when he finished building.
συνετέλεσενhe finishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristσυντελέω: 'complete / finish'; the completion of the building (cf. v. 1).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildAor Act Inf · οἰκοδομέωepexegetic infinitive (defining 'finished')→ verbal action or stateοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the work of building, now completed.
αὐτόνitAccusativedirect object of the infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it'; the house.
ἥλιονsunAccusativedirect object of ἐγνώρισεν (the 'sun' couplet)→ object specificationἥλιος: 'sun'; the opening word of the embedded couplet — 'the sun the LORD made known/set in heaven,' a reading reflecting a Hebrew Vorlage שֶׁמֶשׁ ('sun') where the MT couplet differs.
ἐγνώρισενmade known / setAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γνωρίζωmain verb of the couplet→ constative aoristγνωρίζω: 'make known / reveal / establish'; here of the LORD setting/making known the sun in heaven — the opening line of the poetic couplet contrasting the visible sun with the LORD's choice to dwell in darkness.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οὐρανῷheavenDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; where the LORD set the sun.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐγνώρισεν / εἶπεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the subject of the couplet's verbs.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (second line of the couplet)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; the LORD 'said he would dwell in thick darkness' — the famous antithesis of the couplet (cf. MT 8:12).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικεῖνto dwellPres Act Inf · κατοικέωcomplementary infinitive (content of εἶπεν)→ imperfectiveκατοικέω: 'dwell'; the LORD purposed to dwell ἐν γνόφῳ ('in thick darkness'), the cloud-veiled mode of his presence in the inner sanctuary (cf. the cloud of v. 10).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
γνόφῳthick darknessDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceγνόφος: 'thick darkness / gloom'; renders עֲרָפֶל; the dark cloud of the theophany in which the LORD chooses to dwell — contrasting with the bright sun of the first line.
οἰκοδόμησονbuildAor Act Impv 2 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (imperative within the couplet)→ aorist imperative (command)οἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the imperative 'build my house' — the divine command embedded in the poetic couplet, addressed to the builder.
οἶκόνhouseAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδόμησον→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple to be built.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ: 'my'; the LORD's house.
οἶκονa houseAccusativeaccusative in apposition (restating the object)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; repeated in apposition, qualified by ἐκπρεπῆ.
ἐκπρεπῆsplendid / fittingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying οἶκον)→ object specificationἐκπρεπής: 'distinguished / conspicuous / splendid'; a fine, fitting house for the LORD to dwell in.
σαυτῷfor yourselfDativereflexive dative of advantage→ sphere or referenceσεαυτοῦ: reflexive 'for yourself'; the house built for God's own dwelling.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικεῖνto dwellPres Act Inf · κατοικέωinfinitive of purpose→ imperfectiveκατοικέω: 'dwell'; the purpose of the house — for God to dwell in it.
ἐπὶin / uponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: here 'in / upon'; ἐπὶ καινότητος, an obscure phrase, perhaps 'in newness / anew.'
καινότητοςnewnessGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationκαινότης: 'newness / freshness'; the phrase ἐπὶ καινότητος ('in newness') is obscure — perhaps 'to dwell anew/perpetually,' a difficult rendering of the underlying Hebrew of the couplet.
οὐκnotnegation (in the rhetorical question)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle; with the following ἰδού forms the rhetorical question 'is not this written...?'
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; the citation-formula introducing the appeal to the written source.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative (subject of γέγραπται)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the couplet itself, said to be recorded in writing.
γέγραπταιis writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωverb of the rhetorical question→ stative perfect (abiding written record)γράφω (perf. pass.): 'be written'; γέγραπται, the citation-perfect ('it stands written'), appealing to a documentary source.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
βιβλίῳbookDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: 'book / scroll'; the source-document cited.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾠδῆςsongGenitivegenitive (defining: 'Book of the Song')→ relational specificationᾠδή: 'song / ode'; τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ᾠδῆς ('the Book of the Song') — the LXX read the Hebrew הישר ('Jashar') as השיר ('the Song'); the cited source is the otherwise-lost 'Book of Jashar/the Song' (cf. Josh 10:13; 2 Sam 1:18).
54

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς συνετέλεσεν Σαλωμων προσευχόμενος πρὸς κύριον ὅλην τὴν προσευχὴν καὶ τὴν δέησιν ταύτην καὶ ἀνέστη ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κυρίου ὀκλακὼς ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ διαπεπετασμέναι εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν

And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished praying to the LORD this whole prayer and supplication, that he rose from before the altar of the LORD, having knelt on his knees, with his hands spread out toward heaven;

Scene-transition: Solomon finishes praying and risesκαὶ ἐγένετο ὡς
The temporal macro-formula closes the prayer and opens the final blessing. The verse retrospectively reveals Solomon's posture throughout: he had been kneeling (ὀκλακὼς ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα) with hands spread to heaven — a detail of fervent intercession — and now rises (ἀνέστη) to stand and bless the assembly.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (temporal macro-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb of macro-formula→ constative aorist (narrative pivot)γίνομαι: καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς renders וַיְהִי כְּ; introduces the scene-transition after the prayer.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when / as'; introduces the temporal clause.
συνετέλεσενhe finishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristσυντελέω: 'complete / finish'; Solomon completes the prayer (cf. vv. 1, 53).
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
προσευχόμενοςprayingPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · προσεύχομαιsupplementary participle (with συνετέλεσεν: 'finished praying')→ imperfectiveπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the supplementary participle completes συντελέω — 'finished praying.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of prayer)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of prayer).
κύριονthe LORDAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the recipient of the prayer.
ὅληνwholeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying προσευχήν)→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; the entire prayer.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχὴνprayerAccusativedirect object of προσευχόμενος (cognate accusative)→ object specificationπροσευχή: 'prayer'; the cognate object — the whole dedicatory prayer.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησινsupplicationAccusativedirect object (coordinate with προσευχήν)→ object specificationδέησις: 'supplication'; paired with prayer for the whole intercession.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative (modifying δέησιν)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; this very supplication just completed.
καὶ[that]apodotic καί (Hebraism)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic καί after the temporal clause — introduces the main clause.
ἀνέστηhe roseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (apodosis)→ ingressive aorist (rose to his feet)ἀνίστημι (intr.): 'rise / stand up'; Solomon rises from his kneeling posture to stand and bless.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source/idiom)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπὸ προσώπου, 'from before' the altar (Hebraism).
προσώπουface / frontGenitivegenitive (Hebraistic idiom: 'from before')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, 'from before the altar.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive (the altar before which he prayed)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; before which Solomon had knelt.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
ὀκλακὼςhaving kneltPerf Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ὀκλάζωcircumstantial participle (describing his prior posture)→ stative perfect (the kneeling posture held during prayer)ὀκλάζω: 'crouch / kneel down'; the perfect participle reveals that Solomon had prayed kneeling — the posture of humble fervent intercession (cf. 2 Chr 6:13).
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γόναταkneesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationγόνυ: 'knee'; ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα, 'on his knees.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (circumstantial)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsNominativesubject of the circumstantial clause→ participant prominenceχείρ: 'hand'; the hands spread in prayer.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
διαπεπετασμέναιspread outPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Fem · διαπετάννυμιpredicate participle (periphrastic: 'were spread out')→ stative perfect (the abiding gesture of prayer)διαπετάννυμι: 'spread out'; the perfect participle describes Solomon's hands spread toward heaven throughout the prayer (cf. v. 22).
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the direction of the lifted hands.
55

καὶ ἔστη καὶ εὐλόγησεν πᾶσαν ἐκκλησίαν Ισραηλ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ λέγων

and he stood and blessed all the assembly of Israel with a loud voice, saying:

Transition to the final blessingκαὶ ἔστη
Solomon stands and blesses the whole assembly with a loud voice (φωνῇ μεγάλῃ). The standing blessing — public, audible to all — frames the closing doxology (vv. 56–61), the counterpart to the opening blessing of v. 14.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηhe stoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb→ ingressive aorist (took his stand)ἵστημι: 'stand'; Solomon rises to the standing posture for the public blessing.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: 'bless'; the king blesses the assembly (cf. v. 14).
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐκκλησίαν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the whole assembly.
ἐκκλησίανassemblyAccusativedirect object of εὐλόγησεν→ object specificationἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'; the gathered people of Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
φωνῇvoiceDativedative of manner ('with a voice')→ sphere or referenceφωνή: 'voice / sound'; φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, 'with a loud voice' — the blessing pronounced audibly to all.
μεγάλῃloud / greatDativeattributive adjective (modifying φωνῇ)→ sphere or referenceμέγας: 'great / loud'; the loud, public voice of the blessing.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the blessing)→ imperfectiveλέγω: λέγων introduces the quoted blessing that follows.
56

εὐλογητὸς κύριος σήμερον ὃς ἔδωκεν κατάπαυσιν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ Ισραηλ κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐλάλησεν οὐ διεφώνησεν λόγος εἷς ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς οἷς ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ δούλου αὐτοῦ

Blessed be the LORD today, who has given rest to his people Israel, according to all that he spoke; not one word has failed of all his good words which he spoke by the hand of Moses his servant.

Closing berakah: the LORD's faithful word fulfilledεὐλογητὸς κύριος
The closing blessing opens with the berakah-formula and praises the LORD for giving 'rest' (κατάπαυσιν) to Israel — the fulfilment of the Deuteronomic promise of rest in the land (Deut 12:9–10). The emphatic οὐ διεφώνησεν λόγος εἷς ('not one word has failed') celebrates the absolute reliability of every good word God spoke through Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
εὐλογητὸςblessedNominativepredicate adjective (berakah-formula)→ participant prominenceεὐλογητός: 'blessed / worthy of praise'; renders בָּרוּךְ; the doxological formula (cf. v. 15).
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of the berakah→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the one blessed.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; the day of the giving of rest.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἔδωκεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the ground of the blessing.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; God has given rest to his people.
κατάπαυσινrestAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationκατάπαυσις: 'rest / cessation'; renders מְנוּחָה; the promised rest in the land (Deut 12:9–10), now realised — the theme-word of the blessing.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceλαός: 'people'; Israel, the recipient of rest.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαῷ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the rest matches all God promised.
πάνταallAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; all that God spoke.
ὅσαthat / as much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatever'; all that God promised.
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; God's promises.
οὐnotnegation (with διεφώνησεν)→ participant referenceοὐ: negative particle; 'not one word has failed.'
διεφώνησενhas failedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαφωνέωmain verb (the reliability claim)→ constative aoristδιαφωνέω: 'be discordant / fail / fall short'; renders נָפַל ('fall, fail'); not one of God's words has 'fallen' (failed of fulfilment) — the absolute reliability of the divine promise.
λόγοςwordNominativesubject of διεφώνησεν→ participant prominenceλόγος: 'word'; renders דָּבָר; the divine word that has not failed.
εἷςoneNominativeattributive numeral (with λόγος)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; 'not one word' — emphatic, no single promise unfulfilled.
ἐνof / amongpreposition + dative (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: 'among'; 'of all his words' (partitive).
πᾶσινallDativeattributive adjective (modifying λόγοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; all his good words.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιςwordsDativedative object of ἐν (partitive)→ sphere or referenceλόγος: 'word'; the totality of God's promises.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἀγαθοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθοῖςgoodDativeattributive adjective (modifying λόγοις)→ sphere or referenceἀγαθός: 'good'; God's 'good words' — his gracious promises.
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative, attracted)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the words.
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; the words spoken through Moses.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: 'by the hand of' — Hebraism (בְּיַד) for mediation through Moses.
χειρὶhandDativedative of instrument (Hebraistic)→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; 'by the hand of Moses,' through his mediation.
ΜωυσῆMosesGenitivegenitive (defining: 'hand of Moses')→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς: declined (gen. Μωυσῆ); the mediator of God's good words.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive in apposition to Μωυσῆ→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; Moses as God's servant.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; God's servant Moses.
57

γένοιτο κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν μεθ᾿ ἡμῶν καθὼς ἦν μετὰ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν μὴ ἐγκαταλίποιτο ἡμᾶς μηδὲ ἀποστρέψοιτο ἡμᾶς

May the LORD our God be with us, as he was with our fathers; may he not forsake us nor turn away from us,

Benedictory wish (the prayer for God's abiding presence)γένοιτο κύριος
The blessing turns to a series of optatives expressing benedictory wishes: that God be with the present generation as with the fathers, and not forsake them. The optatives γένοιτο, ἐγκαταλίποιτο, ἀποστρέψοιτο give the blessing the character of fervent prayer for continued covenant presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
γένοιτοmay he beAor Mid Opt 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (optative of wish)→ optative of wish (benediction)γίνομαι: 'be / become'; the optative γένοιτο ('may [it/he] be') expresses the benedictory wish — that God be with his people.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativeapposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, 'the LORD our God.'
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'; the covenant relationship.
μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; God's presence with his people.
ἡμῶνusGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'us'.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'as / just as'; the present presence patterned on the past.
ἦνhe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of comparative clause→ descriptive imperfect (God's abiding past presence)εἰμί: 'be'; God was with the fathers — the precedent for the present plea.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; the ancestors with whom God was present.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
μὴnotnegation (with optative)→ clausal qualification or emphasisμή: negative used with the optative of wish — 'may he not forsake.'
ἐγκαταλίποιτοmay he forsakeAor Mid Opt 3 Sg · ἐγκαταλείπωmain verb (negated optative of wish)→ optative of wish (negated)ἐγκαταλείπω: 'forsake / abandon / leave behind'; renders עָזַב; the plea that God not abandon his people (cf. Deut 31:6).
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceἐγώ (pl.): 'us'.
μηδὲnornegative coordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδέ: 'nor / and not'; continues the negated wish.
ἀποστρέψοιτοmay he turn awayAor Mid Opt 3 Sg · ἀποστρέφωmain verb (negated optative of wish)→ optative of wish (negated)ἀποστρέφω (mid.): 'turn away / reject'; the middle optative — 'may he not turn away from us,' i.e. not withdraw his favour.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceἐγώ (pl.): 'us'.
58

ἐπικλῖναι καρδίας ἡμῶν πρὸς αὐτὸν τοῦ πορεύεσθαι ἐν πάσαις ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ φυλάσσειν πάσας τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ προστάγματα αὐτοῦ ἃ ἐνετείλατο τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν

to incline our hearts to him, to walk in all his ways and to keep all his commandments and his ordinances which he commanded our fathers.

Purpose of God's presence (inclined hearts, obedience)ἐπικλῖναι
The infinitive ἐπικλῖναι ('to incline') expresses the goal of God's abiding presence: that he incline the people's hearts to himself for obedience — walking in his ways and keeping his commandments and ordinances. The plea recognises that even covenant fidelity is God's gift, requiring his inclining of the heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐπικλῖναιto inclineAor Act Inf · ἐπικλίνωinfinitive of purpose/result (with the preceding wish)→ constativeἐπικλίνω: 'incline / bend toward'; renders נָטָה; God inclines the heart toward himself — covenant obedience as a gift of divine enabling.
καρδίαςheartsAccusativedirect object of ἐπικλῖναι→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; the hearts God inclines toward himself.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'him'; God, toward whom the hearts are inclined.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto walkPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιgenitive articular infinitive of purpose→ imperfective (manner of life)πορεύομαι: 'walk / conduct oneself'; to walk in all God's ways — the life of obedience.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
πάσαιςallDativeattributive adjective (modifying ὁδοῖς)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; all his ways.
ὁδοῖςwaysDativedative of place (sphere of walking)→ sphere or referenceὁδός: 'way'; God's ways, the path of obedience.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάσσεινto keepPres Act Inf · φυλάσσωinfinitive of purpose (coordinate with πορεύεσθαι)→ imperfectiveφυλάσσω: 'keep / guard / observe'; to keep God's commandments — covenant obedience.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐντολάς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; all his commandments.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of φυλάσσειν→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; renders מִצְוָה; God's commandments to be kept.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προστάγματαordinancesAccusativedirect object of φυλάσσειν (coordinate)→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: 'ordinance / decree / statute'; renders חֹק / מִשְׁפָּט; God's appointed statutes, paired with commandments.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνετείλατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the commandments and ordinances.
ἐνετείλατοhe commandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; God's commands given to the fathers (at Sinai/Horeb).
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'; the ancestors to whom the law was given.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
59

καὶ ἔστωσαν οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι οὓς δεδέημαι ἐνώπιον κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐγγίζοντες πρὸς κύριον θεὸν ἡμῶν ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς τοῦ ποιεῖν τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ δούλου σου καὶ τὸ δικαίωμα λαοῦ σου Ισραηλ ῥῆμα ἡμέρας ἐν ἡμέρᾳ αὐτοῦ

And let these words of mine, which I have prayed before the LORD our God, be near to the LORD our God day and night, to maintain the cause of his servant and the cause of his people Israel, each day's matter in its day,

Petition that the prayer remain before Godκαὶ ἔστωσαν
Solomon asks that his prayed words remain 'near' (ἐγγίζοντες) the LORD day and night, that God may continually maintain the cause of king and people. The closing phrase ῥῆμα ἡμέρας ἐν ἡμέρᾳ αὐτοῦ ('each day's matter in its day') is a Hebraism (דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ) for the daily, ongoing attention to each day's need.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστωσανlet bePres Act Impv 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (imperative of petition)→ imperative (request)εἰμί: 'be'; 'let these words be near' — the plea that the prayer abide before God.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιwordsNominativesubject of ἔστωσαν→ participant prominenceλόγος: 'word'; Solomon's prayed words.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative (modifying λόγοι)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the words just prayed.
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of δεδέημαι)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the words.
δεδέημαιI have prayedPerf Mid Indic 1 Sg · δέομαιverb of relative clause→ stative perfect (the prayer stands offered)δέομαι (perf.): 'have entreated / prayed'; the perfect stresses the abiding offered state of the prayer just made.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
θεοῦGodGenitiveapposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, 'the LORD our God.'
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
ἐγγίζοντεςdrawing nearPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἐγγίζωpredicate participle (with ἔστωσαν: 'be drawing near')→ imperfective (continual nearness)ἐγγίζω: 'draw near / be near'; the words are to remain 'near' the LORD continually — the prayer ever present before him.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
κύριονthe LORDAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
θεὸνGodAccusativeapposition to κύριον→ object specificationθεός: 'God'; 'the LORD our God.'
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
ἡμέραςby dayGenitivegenitive of time→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; 'day and night' — continually.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νυκτὸςby nightGenitivegenitive of time→ relational specificationνύξ: 'night'; completing 'day and night.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιεῖνto maintainPres Act Inf · ποιέωarticular infinitive of purpose→ imperfective (continual maintaining)ποιέω: 'do / maintain'; ποιεῖν τὸ δικαίωμα ('to maintain the cause / do justice') — that God continually uphold the rights of king and people.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίωμαcause / rightAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν→ object specificationδικαίωμα: 'just claim / cause / right'; the cause of the king maintained by God.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; the king.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίωμαcause / rightAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν (coordinate)→ object specificationδικαίωμα: 'cause / right'; the cause of the people.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your'.
ΙσραηλIsraelapposition to λαοῦ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
ῥῆμαmatterAccusativeaccusative (in the daily-portion idiom)→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / matter / thing'; ῥῆμα ἡμέρας ἐν ἡμέρᾳ αὐτοῦ renders דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ ('the matter of a day in its day') — each day's need attended to in its day.
ἡμέραςof a dayGenitivegenitive (defining: 'matter of a day')→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the day whose matter is in view.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; 'in its [own] day' — the daily-portion idiom.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its'; each day's own matter in its own day.
60

ὅπως γνῶσιν πάντες οἱ λαοὶ τῆς γῆς ὅτι κύριος ὁ θεός αὐτὸς θεὸς καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι

that all the peoples of the earth may know that the LORD is God — he is God — and there is no other.

Purpose: universal recognition of the LORD as Godὅπως γνῶσιν
The purpose clause states the ultimate goal of God's faithful dealing: that all peoples may know κύριος ὁ θεός, αὐτὸς θεός, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι ('the LORD is God; he is God, and there is no other') — the great monotheistic confession (cf. Deut 4:35, 39). The blessing's horizon, like the foreigner-petition (v. 43), is universal.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὅπωςthat / so thatpurpose conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: 'so that'; introduces the universal-recognition purpose.
γνῶσινmay knowAor Act Subj 3 Pl · γινώσκωverb of purpose clause→ aorist subjunctive (ingressive: come to know)γινώσκω: 'know'; that all peoples may come to know the LORD as God.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying λαοί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; all the peoples.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοὶpeoplesNominativesubject of γνῶσιν→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people / nation'; the nations of the earth.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive (defining: 'peoples of the earth')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth'; the whole earth.
ὅτιthatconjunction (object clause of γνῶσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that'; introduces the content of the recognition.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of the confession→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the subject of the monotheistic confession.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativepredicate nominative ('the LORD is God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; κύριος ὁ θεός, 'the LORD is [the] God' — the confession of Deut 4:35.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (emphatic restatement)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'he himself'; the emphatic 'he is God' reinforces the exclusivity of the confession.
θεὸςGodNominativepredicate nominative (emphatic restatement)→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; 'he [alone] is God.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἔστιν)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: negative particle; 'there is no other.'
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίexistential verb→ gnomic presentεἰμί: 'be / exist'; οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι, 'there is none besides' — the denial of any other god (cf. Deut 4:39).
ἔτιbesides / any longeradverb ('there is no other')→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / besides / further'; οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι, 'there is none besides [him]' — emphatic monotheism.
61

καὶ ἔστωσαν αἱ καρδίαι ἡμῶν τέλειαι πρὸς κύριον θεὸν ἡμῶν καὶ ὁσίως πορεύεσθαι ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασιν αὐτοῦ καὶ φυλάσσειν ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη

Let our hearts therefore be perfect toward the LORD our God, to walk piously in his ordinances and to keep his commandments, as it is this day.

Closing exhortation: hearts perfect toward Godκαὶ ἔστωσαν
The blessing closes with an exhortation/wish: that the people's hearts be 'perfect' (τέλειαι — whole, undivided) toward the LORD, walking piously in his statutes. The formula ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ('as it is this day') anchors the call in the present moment of dedication, sealing the prayer's vision of covenant fidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστωσανlet bePres Act Impv 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (imperative/hortatory)→ imperative (exhortation)εἰμί: 'be'; 'let our hearts be perfect' — the closing exhortation to wholehearted devotion.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαιheartsNominativesubject of ἔστωσαν→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart'; the hearts of the people, to be wholly devoted.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
τέλειαιperfect / wholeNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔστωσαν)→ participant prominenceτέλειος: 'complete / perfect / whole'; renders שָׁלֵם; a 'perfect heart' is one wholly and undividedly devoted to God (cf. 1 Kgs 11:4).
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction of devotion)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of devotion).
κύριονthe LORDAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the object of wholehearted devotion.
θεὸνGodAccusativeapposition to κύριον→ object specificationθεός: 'God'; 'the LORD our God.'
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁσίωςpiously / holilyadverb of manner (with πορεύεσθαι)→ clausal contributionὁσίως: 'piously / in holiness'; the manner of walking in God's statutes — with devout reverence.
πορεύεσθαιto walkPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιinfinitive of purpose/result→ imperfective (manner of life)πορεύομαι: 'walk / conduct oneself'; to walk piously in God's ordinances — the life of obedience flowing from a perfect heart.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative/sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative/sphere).
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγμασινordinancesDativedative of place (sphere of walking)→ sphere or referenceπρόσταγμα: 'ordinance / statute'; God's appointed decrees in which to walk.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάσσεινto keepPres Act Inf · φυλάσσωinfinitive of purpose (coordinate with πορεύεσθαι)→ imperfectiveφυλάσσω: 'keep / observe'; to keep God's commandments.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of φυλάσσειν→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; God's commandments to be kept.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'.
ὡςascomparative particle (in the day-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as'; ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη, 'as it is this day.'
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayNominativesubject of the elliptical comparison→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ('as it is this day') — the present dedication day as the reference-point of fidelity.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρα)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; this very day.
62

καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἔθυσαν θυσίαν ἐνώπιον κυρίου

And the king and all the sons of Israel offered sacrifice before the LORD.

New scene: the dedicatory sacrificesκαὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς
The prayer over, the narrative returns to action: king and people offer sacrifice before the LORD. The general statement (ἔθυσαν θυσίαν) is specified in v. 63 with the enormous numbers of peace-offerings — the climactic act of dedication.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying υἱοί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the whole people.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with βασιλεύς)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, 'the sons of Israel' — the whole nation.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
ἔθυσανoffered sacrificeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θύωmain verb→ constative aoristθύω: 'sacrifice / slaughter'; the dedicatory sacrifice offered by king and people.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object (cognate accusative)→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders זֶבַח; the cognate object of θύω.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism (לִפְנֵי); the sacrifice before the LORD.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; before whom the sacrifice is offered.
63

καὶ ἔθυσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων τὰς θυσίας τῶν εἰρηνικῶν ἃς ἔθυσεν τῷ κυρίῳ βοῶν δύο καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδας καὶ προβάτων ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι χιλιάδας καὶ ἐνεκαίνισεν τὸν οἶκον κυρίου ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ

And king Solomon offered the peace-offerings which he sacrificed to the LORD — twenty-two thousand oxen and a hundred and twenty thousand sheep; and the king and all the sons of Israel dedicated the house of the LORD.

The peace-offerings and the dedication of the houseκαὶ ἔθυσεν
The hyperbolic numbers — twenty-two thousand oxen and a hundred twenty thousand sheep — convey the unparalleled scale of the dedicatory peace-offerings (θυσίαι τῶν εἰρηνικῶν). With these the king and people 'dedicate' (ἐνεκαίνισεν) the house — the verb ἐγκαινίζω giving the temple its 'inauguration' (cf. the festival of Hanukkah/ἐγκαίνια).
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθυσενofferedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θύωmain verb→ constative aoristθύω: 'sacrifice'; Solomon offers the peace-offerings.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonapposition to ὁ βασιλεύς (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificesAccusativedirect object of ἔθυσεν→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; the peace-offerings.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰρηνικῶνpeace-offeringsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'sacrifices of the peace-offerings')→ relational specificationεἰρηνικός: 'peaceful / of peace-offerings'; τὰ εἰρηνικά renders שְׁלָמִים, the peace/fellowship offerings shared in a communal meal — fitting for the dedicatory feast.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔθυσεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the sacrifices.
ἔθυσενhe sacrificedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θύωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristθύω: 'sacrifice'; repeated, of the offering to the LORD.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative indirect object (recipient of sacrifice)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the recipient of the offerings.
βοῶνof oxenGenitivepartitive genitive (with χιλιάδας)→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'ox'; the cattle offered in the peace-offerings.
δύοtwoindeclinable numeral (with εἴκοσι)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; in 'twenty-two thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the number)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; 'twenty-two thousand oxen.'
χιλιάδαςthousandAccusativeaccusative (numeral noun, in apposition to θυσίας)→ object specificationχιλιάς: 'thousand / a group of a thousand'; the unit of the great number.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προβάτωνof sheepGenitivepartitive genitive (with χιλιάδας)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; the flock animals of the offering.
ἑκατὸνa hundredindeclinable numeral→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'hundred'; in 'a hundred and twenty thousand.'
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; 'a hundred and twenty thousand sheep.'
χιλιάδαςthousandAccusativeaccusative (numeral noun)→ object specificationχιλιάς: 'thousand'; the unit of the count.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεκαίνισενdedicatedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγκαινίζωmain verb (the dedication)→ constative aoristἐγκαινίζω: 'renew / inaugurate / dedicate'; renders חָנַךְ; the formal dedication/inauguration of the temple — the cognate noun ἐγκαίνια names the dedication-festival.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ἐνεκαίνισεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the temple, now dedicated.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of ἐνεκαίνισεν→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon, the dedicator (subject following the verb).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying υἱοί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with βασιλεύς)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the people share in the dedication.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival modifier (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
64

τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἡγίασεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸ μέσον τῆς αὐλῆς τὸ κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ οἴκου κυρίου ὅτι ἐποίησεν ἐκεῖ τὴν ὁλοκαύτωσιν καὶ τὰς θυσίας καὶ τὰ στέατα τῶν εἰρηνικῶν ὅτι τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χαλκοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον κυρίου μικρὸν τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὴν ὁλοκαύτωσιν καὶ τὰς θυσίας τῶν εἰρηνικῶν ὑπενεγκεῖν

On that day the king consecrated the middle of the court that was before the house of the LORD, for there he made the whole burnt offering and the sacrifices and the fat of the peace-offerings, because the bronze altar that was before the LORD was too small to hold the whole burnt offering and the sacrifices and the fat of the peace-offerings.

Explanatory: the consecration of the court for the offeringsτῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ
Because the bronze altar could not contain the vast quantity of offerings, Solomon consecrates the middle of the court before the house as additional sacrificial space. The doubled ὅτι-clauses give the reason (the offerings were made there) and the cause (the altar was too small) — a practical note underscoring the overwhelming scale of the dedication.
Word-by-word analysis· 49 words
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, 'on that day' of dedication.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the day of the dedication.
ἡγίασενconsecratedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb→ constative aoristἁγιάζω: 'consecrate / make holy'; renders קִדֵּשׁ; the king sets apart the court-space as holy for sacrifice.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέσονmiddleAccusativedirect object of ἡγίασεν→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle / midst'; τὸ μέσον τῆς αὐλῆς, 'the middle of the court' — consecrated for the overflow of offerings.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive (defining: 'middle of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard'; renders חָצֵר; the temple court before the house.
τὸthe (which)Accusativearticle (attributive, introducing the phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατὰbeforepreposition + accusative (position facing)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'before / facing'; κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'in front of.'
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative in prepositional idiom→ spatial or relational framingπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ οἴκου, 'before the house.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive (the house before which the court lies)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction (first reason)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; gives the reason for consecrating the court — the offerings were made there.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of causal clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make / offer'; here of making/offering the sacrifices (ποιεῖν used of sacrificial action).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; in the consecrated court.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωσινwhole burnt offeringAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering'; renders עֹלָה; the offering wholly consumed by fire on the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificesAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice'; the grain/other offerings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαταfatAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet'; renders חֵלֶב; the fat of the peace-offerings, burned on the altar as the LORD's portion.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰρηνικῶνpeace-offeringsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'fat of the peace-offerings')→ relational specificationεἰρηνικός: 'peace-offering'; renders שְׁלָמִים; the fellowship offerings.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (second reason)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; the deeper cause — the altar was too small.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarNominativesubject of the causal clause→ participant prominenceθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the bronze altar of burnt offering, insufficient for the vast quantity.
τὸtheNominativearticle (attributive, with χαλκοῦν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκοῦνbronzeNominativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσιαστήριον)→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς: 'of bronze / brazen'; the bronze altar (cf. 2 Chr 4:1).
τὸthe (which was)Nominativearticle (attributive, introducing the phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (position, in attributive phrase)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; τὸ ἐνώπιον κυρίου, 'the one before the LORD' — the altar's position.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
μικρὸνsmall / too smallNominativepredicate adjective (the altar was small)→ participant prominenceμικρός: 'small / little'; the altar was 'too small' (μικρόν) to contain the offerings — the reason for using the court.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of result)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotnegation (with infinitive)→ clausal qualification or emphasisμή: negative with the infinitive — 'too small so as not to be able.'
δύνασθαιto be ablePres Mid Inf · δύναμαιarticular infinitive of result (τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι)→ imperfectiveδύναμαι: 'be able'; the result clause — the altar was too small to be able [to hold the offerings].
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωσινwhole burnt offeringAccusativeaccusative object of ὑπενεγκεῖν→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering'; the burnt offering the altar could not hold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificesAccusativeaccusative object of ὑπενεγκεῖν (coordinate)→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice'; the offerings.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰρηνικῶνpeace-offeringsGenitivegenitive (defining)→ relational specificationεἰρηνικός: 'peace-offering'; the fellowship offerings.
ὑπενεγκεῖνto hold / bearAor Act Inf · ὑποφέρωcomplementary infinitive (with δύνασθαι)→ constativeὑποφέρω: 'bear up / endure / hold'; the altar could not 'bear / hold up under' the mass of offerings — hence the court was consecrated for the overflow.
65

καὶ ἐποίησεν Σαλωμων τὴν ἑορτὴν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἐκκλησία μεγάλη ἀπὸ τῆς εἰσόδου Ημαθ ἕως ποταμοῦ Αἰγύπτου ἐνώπιον κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾧ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων καὶ εὐφραινόμενος ἐνώπιον κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας

And Solomon kept the feast on that day, and all Israel with him, a great assembly, from the entrance of Hamath to the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, in the house which he had built, eating and drinking and rejoicing before the LORD our God, seven days.

The seven-day dedication feastκαὶ ἐποίησεν Σαλωμων
Solomon keeps the feast (ἑορτή — the autumn festival of Tabernacles) with a great assembly drawn from the whole land, 'from the entrance of Hamath to the river of Egypt' (the ideal northern and southern limits). The participles ἐσθίων, πίνων, εὐφραινόμενος ('eating, drinking, rejoicing') describe the festive communal meal of the peace-offerings, lasting seven days before the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενkept / madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make / keep'; ποιεῖν ἑορτήν, 'to keep a feast' — to celebrate the festival.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορτὴνfeastAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationἑορτή: 'feast / festival'; renders חַג; the autumn pilgrimage feast (Tabernacles), in the seventh month (cf. v. 2).
ἐνin / onpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the day/time of the feast.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying Ισραηλ)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; all Israel with the king.
ΙσραηλIsraelsubject (indeclinable, with πᾶς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; Israel with Solomon.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'him'; Solomon.
ἐκκλησίαassemblyNominativenominative in apposition to πᾶς Ισραηλ→ participant prominenceἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'; the gathered multitude.
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐκκλησία)→ participant prominenceμέγας: 'great'; a great assembly — drawn from the whole land.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (extent: starting point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; the northern limit of the assembly's range.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσόδουentranceGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationεἴσοδος: 'entrance / approach'; ἡ εἴσοδος Ημαθ ('the entrance of Hamath', לְבוֹא חֲמָת) is the proverbial northern boundary of the land.
ΗμαθHamathgenitival modifier (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΗμαθ: transliteration of Hebrew חֲמָת; indeclinable; the city marking the ideal northern frontier of Israel.
ἕωςto / as far aspreposition + genitive (extent: end point)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as / up to'; the southern limit of the range.
ποταμοῦriverGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationποταμός: 'river'; the 'river of Egypt' (Wadi el-Arish), the proverbial southern boundary.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (defining: 'river of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: declined (gen. Αἰγύπτου); the river marking the southern frontier — 'from Hamath to the river of Egypt' is a merism for the whole land.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; the feast kept before the LORD.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
θεοῦGodGenitiveapposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; 'the LORD our God.'
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the dedicated house, site of the feast.
whichDativerelative pronoun (dative, attracted)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the house.
ᾠκοδόμησενhe builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the house Solomon built.
ἐσθίωνeatingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐσθίωcircumstantial participle (the festive activity)→ imperfective (continual celebration)ἐσθίω: 'eat'; the festal eating of the peace-offering meal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίνωνdrinkingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πίνωcircumstantial participle (coordinate)→ imperfectiveπίνω: 'drink'; the festal drinking.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφραινόμενοςrejoicingPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · εὐφραίνωcircumstantial participle (coordinate)→ imperfectiveεὐφραίνω (mid./pass.): 'rejoice / make merry'; the joyful celebration before the LORD — the festal note of Deuteronomic worship (cf. Deut 12:7, 12).
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; the rejoicing before the LORD.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton.
θεοῦGodGenitiveapposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; 'the LORD our God.'
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl.): 'our'.
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (with ἡμέρας)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the seven days of the festival.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the seven-day duration of the feast.
66

καὶ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ ἐξαπέστειλεν τὸν λαὸν καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτόν καὶ ἀπῆλθον ἕκαστος εἰς τὰ σκηνώματα αὐτοῦ χαίροντες καὶ ἀγαθῇ καρδίᾳ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς οἷς ἐποίησεν κύριος τῷ Δαυιδ δούλῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ τῷ Ισραηλ λαῷ αὐτοῦ

And on the eighth day he sent the people away, and blessed them; and they went, each to his tents, rejoicing and glad of heart for all the good things which the LORD had done for David his servant and for Israel his people.

Conclusion: dismissal of the peopleκαὶ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ
The chapter closes on the eighth day with the dismissal and blessing of the people, who return home χαίροντες καὶ ἀγαθῇ καρδίᾳ ('rejoicing and glad of heart') for all the good the LORD has done for David and for Israel. The closing ἀγαθοῖς … ἐποίησεν echoes the blessing's theme (v. 56): the realised goodness of the divine promise to David and his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the day of dismissal.
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive, with ὀγδόῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀγδόῃeighthDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceὄγδοος: 'eighth'; the eighth day, the day after the seven-day feast, when the people are dismissed (cf. the eighth-day assembly, Lev 23:36).
ἐξαπέστειλενhe sent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb→ constative aoristἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away / dismiss'; Solomon dismisses the people to their homes.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleAccusativedirect object of ἐξαπέστειλεν→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; the assembled congregation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: 'bless'; the king's parting blessing on the people.
αὐτόνthemAccusativedirect object (collective singular)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them' (collective, agreeing with λαόν); the people blessed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθονthey went awayAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away / depart'; the people return home.
ἕκαστοςeachNominativesubject (distributive, with plural verb)→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; distributive — each goes to his own home.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματαtents / dwellingsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationσκήνωμα: 'tent / dwelling'; 'to his tents' (a traditional idiom, אֹהָלִים) for going home.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; each one's own home.
χαίροντεςrejoicingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · χαίρωcircumstantial participle (manner of departure)→ imperfective (continuing joy)χαίρω: 'rejoice / be glad'; the people depart rejoicing.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθῇglad / goodDativeattributive adjective (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἀγαθός: 'good'; ἀγαθῇ καρδίᾳ, 'with a glad heart' — happy and content.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of manner ('with glad heart')→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of the people's joy.
ἐπὶfor / overpreposition + dative (ground of joy)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: 'for / on account of'; the ground of their gladness.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθοῖςgood thingsDativesubstantivized adjective (object of ἐπί)→ sphere or referenceἀγαθός: 'good'; τὰ ἀγαθά, 'the good things' the LORD has done — echoing the 'good words' of v. 56.
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative, attracted)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; refers to the good things.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; the good the LORD has done for David and Israel.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐποίησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the doer of all the good.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDaviddative indirect object (indeclinable; articular)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; the recipient of God's goodness, named first.
δούλῳservantDativeapposition to Δαυιδ→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; David, God's servant.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; God's servant David.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraeldative indirect object (indeclinable; articular)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the second recipient of God's goodness.
λαῷpeopleDativeapposition to Ισραηλ→ sphere or referenceλαός: 'people'; Israel, God's people — the closing word of the chapter binds king and nation together as the objects of the LORD's faithful goodness.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; God's people Israel.