Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Third Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 9ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Γ′ Θ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The Lord warns Solomon that the house and throne stand only through covenant fidelity, even amid wealth and alliances.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 3 Kingdoms 9 (= 1 Kings 9 MT) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The chapter as transmitted in Rahlfs contains seventeen verses with a substantial internal gap: the verse-sequence runs 1–14 and then jumps directly to 26–28, with vv. 15–25 ABSENT from the Greek tradition at this point. Much of the Hebrew material of 1 Kings 9:15–25 (Solomon's forced labor, the building of Millo, the store-cities and chariot-cities, the Canaanite levy, the three annual sacrifices) is either placed elsewhere in the LXX's substantially reorganized account of Solomon's reign (notably in the 'Miscellanies' of 3 Kgdms 2 and the differently-ordered chs. 9–11) or omitted; the present edition reproduces the verse-numbering exactly as transmitted and does not renumber. The chapter falls into three movements: (1) the LORD's SECOND APPEARANCE to Solomon after the completion of the temple and palace (vv. 1–9), comprising the conditional dynastic promise (vv. 4–5) and the dire warning that apostasy will reduce the exalted house to a ruin and Israel to a 'byword' (λάλημα) among the nations, so that passers-by will ask ἕνεκα τίνος ἐποίησεν κύριος οὕτως ('why has the LORD done thus?', vv. 6–9); (2) Solomon's dealings with HIRAM (Χιραμ) of Tyre, including the gift of twenty cities in Galilee which displeased Hiram and were named 'Boundary' (Ὅριον, the MT's Cabul), vv. 10–14; and (3) the maritime venture — the fleet built at Ezion-geber (Γασιωνγαβερ) near Ailath on the Red Sea, manned by Hiram's seamen, bringing back one hundred and twenty talents of gold from Sophera/Ophir (vv. 26–28). Note that verse 9 in the transmitted text carries an editorial in-line marker (the Pharaoh's-daughter notice beginning τότε ἀνήγαγεν Σαλωμων), which has been retained as continuous Greek text.

1

καὶ ἐγενήθη ὡς συνετέλεσεν Σαλωμων οἰκοδομεῖν τὸν οἶκον κυρίου καὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν πραγματείαν Σαλωμων ὅσα ἠθέλησεν ποιῆσαι

And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished building the house of the LORD and the house of the king and all the undertaking of Solomon, whatever he desired to do,

Temporal-setting clause opening a new narrative unitκαὶ ἐγενήθη ὡς
The chapter opens with the Hebraizing formula καὶ ἐγενήθη ὡς ('and it came to pass when'), rendering וַיְהִי כְּ, a standard LXX device for marking a temporal threshold before a major event. The completion of the building program (temple, palace, all of Solomon's enterprise) sets the stage for the LORD's second appearance in v. 2.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηit came to passAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιimpersonal main verb (temporal-setting formula)→ constative aorist (narrative threshold)γίνομαι (aor. pass.): the formula καὶ ἐγενήθη ὡς renders Hebrew וַיְהִי כְּ ('and it happened when'); the passive ἐγενήθη functions impersonally to introduce a temporal clause, a hallmark of LXX narrative style marking the transition to a significant event.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction (introducing subordinate clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when / as'; here temporal, governing συνετέλεσεν; renders the Hebrew temporal כְּ + infinitive construct, locating the divine appearance at the precise moment of the building's completion.
συνετέλεσενhad finishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωverb of temporal clause→ constative aorist (completed action prior to main event)συντελέω: 'complete / finish / accomplish'; renders כִּלָּה; the compound συν- stresses bringing to full completion; the verb frames the whole building program as a finished totality, a precondition for the renewed covenant audience.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה; treated as indeclinable in Rahlfs' LXX (the same form serves nominative, genitive, and dative); subject of συνετέλεσεν.
οἰκοδομεῖνto buildPres Act Inf · οἰκοδομέωcomplementary infinitive (with συνετέλεσεν)→ durative present infinitive (building as ongoing process)οἰκοδομέω: 'build / construct'; renders בָּנָה; the present infinitive after συντελέω denotes the protracted process of construction now brought to completion; the leitwort of chs. 6–9.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδομεῖν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; renders בַּיִת; ὁ οἶκος κυρίου is the standard LXX designation of the Jerusalem temple; the term will recur in this chapter both literally (the temple, the palace) and figuratively (the dynastic 'house' and the ruined house of judgment).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (defining the house)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive identifies the temple as YHWH's own house, the focal point of the chapter's promise and warning.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object (second of the two houses)→ object specificationοἶκος: here the royal palace (ὁ οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως); the pairing temple + palace summarizes the entire twenty-year construction project recapitulated at v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (defining the second house)→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; ὁ οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως denotes Solomon's own palace, distinguished from the temple (the house of the LORD).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (extending to all Solomon's works)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πραγματείαν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the feminine accusative πᾶσαν agrees with πραγματείαν; the totalizing 'all the enterprise' sums up every project Solomon undertook beyond the two named buildings.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πραγματείανundertaking / enterpriseAccusativedirect object (third object of οἰκοδομεῖν/συνετέλεσεν)→ object specificationπραγματεία: 'business / undertaking / enterprise'; a comparatively rare LXX word; here it gathers up the whole scope of Solomon's royal building and administrative activity into a single comprehensive term.
Σαλωμωνof Solomongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Solomon's enterprise')→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; here functioning as a possessive genitive ('the enterprise of Solomon'), the identical form serving for the genitive.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἠθέλησεν / antecedent πραγματείαν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; the neuter plural ὅσα introduces a relative clause defining the full extent of Solomon's desires now realized; renders the Hebrew אֵת כָּל־חֵפֶץ ('all the desire').
ἠθέλησενhe desiredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (settled royal intention)θέλω: 'will / wish / desire'; renders חָפֵץ; the verb stresses that every project sprang from and fulfilled Solomon's own royal will — a note of accomplished ambition before the conditional warning that follows.
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (with ἠθέλησεν)→ constative aorist infinitiveποιέω: 'do / make'; the infinitive completes ἠθέλησεν ('desired to do'); the pairing θέλω + ποιέω underlines the full realization of Solomon's intentions.
2

καὶ ὤφθη κύριος τῷ Σαλωμων δεύτερον καθὼς ὤφθη ἐν Γαβαων

that the LORD appeared to Solomon a second time, as he had appeared at Gibeon.

Main clause: the apodosis of the temporal setting (the divine appearance)καὶ ὤφθη κύριος
The main event answering the temporal clause of v. 1: YHWH's second self-disclosure to Solomon. The passive ὤφθη ('was seen / appeared') is the standard LXX theophany verb; the explicit comparison καθὼς ὤφθη ἐν Γαβαων ('as he appeared at Gibeon') links this audience to the dream-theophany of 3 Kgdms 3, where Solomon asked for wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (apodotic καί after temporal clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic, introducing the main clause after the καὶ ἐγενήθη ὡς temporal setting of v. 1, a common LXX construction calquing Hebrew narrative syntax.
ὤφθηappearedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (theophany)→ constative aorist (the act of divine self-disclosure)ὁράω (aor. pass. ὤφθη): 'be seen / appear'; the passive ὤφθη is the standard LXX theophany formula (cf. ὤφθη κύριος to the patriarchs, Gen 12:7; 17:1; 26:24), rendering Niphal נִרְאָה; it presents YHWH as the one who graciously makes himself visible to his servant.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (divine appearer)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject marks this as an unmediated divine theophany to Solomon.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative, with Σαλωμων)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: the dative article accompanies the otherwise indeclinable Σαλωμων, signalling the dative case ('to Solomon') by means of the article alone.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonDativedative (indirect object: recipient of the theophany; case marked by τῷ)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; the dative is signalled by the preceding article τῷ ('to Solomon').
δεύτερονa second timeAccusativeadverbial accusative (numerical adverb: 'a second time')→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; the neuter δεύτερον used adverbially ('for the second time'); it explicitly numbers this theophany in relation to the first at Gibeon, framing the chapter as the climactic divine word of Solomon's reign.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction (introducing comparison)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as / according as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; here it draws an explicit parallel between this appearance and the earlier Gibeon theophany.
ὤφθηhe appearedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωverb of comparative clause→ constative aorist (the prior Gibeon theophany)ὁράω (aor. pass.): the repeated ὤφθη ties this second theophany lexically to the first (3 Kgdms 3:5), where YHWH appeared to Solomon in a dream at Gibeon and granted him wisdom.
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΓαβαωνGibeonobject of ἐν (indeclinable place name: location of the first theophany)→ participant identificationΓαβαων: transliteration of Hebrew גִּבְעוֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; Gibeon was the great high place where Solomon sacrificed and received his dream-revelation (3 Kgdms 3:4–5); the reference roots the present word in the foundational theophany of his reign.
3

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν κύριος ἤκουσα τῆς φωνῆς τῆς προσευχῆς σου καὶ τῆς δεήσεώς σου ἧς ἐδεήθης ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ πεποίηκά σοι κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν προσευχήν σου ἡγίακα τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ὃν ᾠκοδόμησας τοῦ θέσθαι τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐκεῖ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ ἔσονται οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ καρδία μου πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας

And the LORD said to him, 'I have heard the voice of your prayer and of your supplication which you prayed before me; I have done for you according to all your prayer; I have consecrated this house which you built, to put my name there forever, and my eyes and my heart shall be there all the days.'

Divine speech-act: the content of the theophany (acceptance of the prayer)καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν κύριος
The speech-introduction formula gives the content of YHWH's second appearance. The divine word answers Solomon's dedication-prayer of ch. 8: YHWH has heard (ἤκουσα), acted (πεποίηκά), and consecrated (ἡγίακα) the temple, fixing his name, eyes, and heart there perpetually. The string of first-person perfects expresses settled, abiding divine commitment to the house.
Word-by-word analysis· 54 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single divine speech-act)λέγω (aor. εἶπεν): introduces direct YHWH-speech; the formula καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν renders וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו, the standard LXX marker of direct discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Solomon as addressee)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Solomon as addressee).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the divine speaker of the oracle that accepts Solomon's prayer and conditions the dynasty's future.
ἤκουσαI have heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb of direct speech (divine first person)→ constative aorist (decisive act of hearing the prayer)ἀκούω: 'hear / listen / heed'; renders שָׁמַע; the divine 'I have heard' (ἤκουσα) is the formal answer to Solomon's repeated petition in ch. 8 that YHWH would 'hear' from heaven; it carries the sense of favorable response, not mere perception.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (genitive object of ἤκουσα)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of ἤκουσα (object of hearing)→ relational specificationφωνή: 'voice / sound'; renders קוֹל; ἀκούω governs the genitive of the thing heard; 'the voice of your prayer' is a Hebraizing periphrasis for the spoken petition itself.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχῆςprayerGenitivegenitive (defining φωνῆς: 'the voice of your prayer')→ relational specificationπροσευχή: 'prayer'; renders תְּפִלָּה; the chapter-leitwort of Solomon's dedication-prayer (ch. 8), here echoed back by YHWH as the prayer he has heard and acted upon.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person sg.)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (2nd person sg.).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεήσεώςsupplicationGenitivegenitive (second object of hearing, parallel to προσευχῆς)→ relational specificationδέησις: 'supplication / entreaty'; renders תְּחִנָּה; paired with προσευχή it forms a standard LXX word-pair for earnest petition (cf. 3 Kgdms 8:28); the cognate verb ἐδεήθης follows immediately.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (attracted to genitive of antecedent δεήσεως)→ relational specificationὅς, ἥ, ὅ: the feminine genitive ἧς is attracted into the case of its antecedent δεήσεως (case-attraction, common in the LXX); it serves as cognate object of ἐδεήθης ('the supplication which you supplicated').
ἐδεήθηςyou prayedAor Pass Indic 2 Sg · δέομαιverb of relative clause (cognate with δεήσεως)→ constative aorist (the completed act of petition)δέομαι: 'beg / entreat / pray'; the deponent aorist ἐδεήθης stands cognate with δέησις, forming a figura etymologica ('the supplication you supplicated'), an intensifying Hebraism mirroring the infinitive-absolute idiom.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; locates Solomon's prayer in the very presence of YHWH, underscoring its direct reception.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον (the divine 'me')→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. ἐμοῦ): the emphatic first-person genitive after ἐνώπιον; the prayer was offered 'before me,' i.e., in YHWH's own presence.
πεποίηκάI have donePerf Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of direct speech (divine first person)→ resultative perfect (completed action with abiding effect)ποιέω (perf. πεποίηκα): 'do / make'; the perfect expresses a completed divine action whose effect endures — YHWH has granted Solomon's petition in full and that grant stands; the perfect tense (rare in narrative) heightens the abiding force of the divine commitment.
σοιfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd person sg.)→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (2nd person sg.).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/measure)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introduces the measure of the divine response — fully commensurate with the totality of Solomon's prayer.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying προσευχήν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; emphasizes that nothing in Solomon's petition has gone unanswered.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχήνprayerAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the measure of the divine act)→ object specificationπροσευχή: here in the accusative as the standard against which YHWH's action is measured ('according to all your prayer'); the repetition of προσευχή binds vv. 3a and 3b together.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἡγίακαI have consecratedPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb of direct speech (divine first person)→ resultative perfect (the house stands consecrated)ἁγιάζω (perf. ἡγίακα): 'make holy / consecrate / set apart'; renders קִדַּשׁ; the perfect declares the temple now and abidingly holy by divine act — YHWH himself, not the builder, sanctifies the house; the same root recurs at v. 7 (ἡγίασα) where the consecrated house is threatened with rejection.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ἡγίακα→ object specificationοἶκος: the temple, object of divine consecration; the demonstrative τοῦτον ('this house') points concretely to the just-completed structure.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying οἶκον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the deictic τοῦτον locates the consecration on the specific temple Solomon has built; the demonstrative recurs ominously at vv. 7–8 of the same house under judgment.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησας)→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησας).
ᾠκοδόμησαςyou builtAor Act Indic 2 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the completed building)οἰκοδομέω (aor.): 'build'; the relative clause attributes the building to Solomon while reserving consecration to YHWH — a careful distinction between human labor and divine sanctification.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (genitive articular infinitive marker)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: the genitive article governs the articular infinitive θέσθαι, expressing purpose ('in order to put').
θέσθαιto put / to setAor Mid Inf · τίθημιarticular infinitive of purpose (with τοῦ)→ purpose infinitive (the goal of consecration)τίθημι (aor. mid. θέσθαι): 'put / place / set'; the articular infinitive τοῦ θέσθαι expresses the purpose of the consecration — to establish YHWH's name in the temple; the 'name theology' (his name dwelling there) is central to Deuteronomistic temple doctrine (cf. Deut 12:5).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameAccusativedirect object of θέσθαι→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the placing of YHWH's name in the temple denotes his self-revelatory presence and ownership; the name-theology guarantees the house's sanctity but also makes its later defilement an affront to YHWH's own name (v. 7).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (1st person sg.)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (1st person sg.).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (locating the name)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the locative adverb fixes YHWH's name 'there' in the temple; its repetition (ἐκεῖ … ἐκεῖ) underscores the chosen-place theology of the central sanctuary.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (temporal extent)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal extent).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiomatic: 'forever')→ object specificationαἰών: 'age / eternity'; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα renders לְעוֹלָם ('forever'); the perpetuity of the divine name's presence is promised — a promise whose conditionality the following verses will sharply qualify.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (future promise concerning eyes and heart)→ predictive future (abiding divine attention)εἰμί (fut. ἔσονται): 'will be'; the future promises that YHWH's 'eyes and heart' — his watchful attention and affectionate commitment — will remain perpetually at the temple, a vivid anthropomorphism for unwavering divine presence.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesNominativesubject (of ἔσονται)→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; renders עַיִן; the divine 'eyes there' signifies continual watchful regard over the temple and, by extension, the people who pray toward it (cf. 3 Kgdms 8:29).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartNominativesubject (second subject of ἔσονται)→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; the divine 'heart there' denotes YHWH's affectionate, devoted attachment to the temple; the eyes-and-heart pairing expresses both vigilance and love perpetually fixed on the house.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (accusative of duration, modifying ἡμέρας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας is an accusative of extent of time ('all the days, continually'), rendering כָּל־הַיָּמִים; it reinforces the perpetuity of the divine presence promised at the temple.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of extent of time ('all the days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative plural of duration completes the temporal idiom 'all the days' = continually, perpetually.
4

καὶ σὺ ἐὰν πορευθῇς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ καθὼς ἐπορεύθη Δαυιδ ὁ πατήρ σου ἐν ὁσιότητι καρδίας καὶ ἐν εὐθύτητι καὶ τοῦ ποιεῖν κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐνετειλάμην αὐτῷ καὶ τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ τὰς ἐντολάς μου φυλάξῃς

And as for you, if you walk before me as David your father walked, in holiness of heart and in uprightness, doing according to all that I commanded him, and you keep my statutes and my commandments,

Protasis of the conditional dynastic promise (subordinate, level 1)καὶ σὺ ἐὰν
The emphatic καὶ σύ ('and as for you') shifts from the temple to Solomon's own conduct, introducing the protasis (ἐάν + subjunctive) of the great conditional. The apodosis arrives in v. 5 (ἀναστήσω … τὸν θρόνον). The Davidic standard — walking 'in holiness of heart and uprightness' — sets the covenantal condition for the dynasty's endurance.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (transition to the conditional)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic personal pronoun: 'as for you')→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic nominative pronoun foregrounds Solomon himself; καὶ σύ ('and you, for your part') marks the turn from the accomplished consecration of the house to the still-open question of the king's obedience.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (introducing protasis + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; with the subjunctive (πορευθῇς … φυλάξῃς) it forms a future-more-vivid protasis, rendering Hebrew אִם; the whole dynastic promise hinges on this condition.
πορευθῇςyou walkAor Pass Subj 2 Sg · πορεύομαιverb of protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ constative aorist subjunctive (conditional conduct)πορεύομαι: 'go / walk / conduct oneself'; renders הָלַךְ; 'to walk before YHWH' is a covenantal idiom for a life of faithful obedience (cf. Gen 17:1); the aorist subjunctive views Solomon's whole manner of life as a single condition.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; 'walking before me' denotes life lived in conscious accountability to YHWH's presence.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; it serves as genitive object of ἐνώπιον.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as'; introduces David as the paradigm of faithful walking, the measure by which Solomon's obedience is judged.
ἐπορεύθηwalkedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιverb of comparative clause→ constative aorist (David's exemplary life)πορεύομαι (aor.): the same verb applied to David sets him as the covenant exemplar; the LXX idealizes David's 'walk' (cf. 3 Kgdms 3:6; 11:4) as the touchstone of royal fidelity.
ΔαυιδDavidsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliteration of Hebrew דָּוִד; indeclinable in the LXX; here the subject of ἐπορεύθη and the model of covenant faithfulness against which Solomon and the dynasty are measured.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with πατήρ, in apposition to Δαυιδ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατήρfatherNominativenominative in apposition to Δαυιδ→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָב; 'David your father' both establishes Solomon's dynastic legitimacy and presses David's example upon him; the appositive links the conditional promise to the prior Davidic covenant (2 Kgdms 7).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
ὁσιότητιholiness / pietyDativedative of manner (with ἐν: characterizing the walk)→ sphere or referenceὁσιότης: 'holiness / piety / devoutness'; renders תֹּם ('integrity / blamelessness'); 'holiness of heart' describes inward devotion to YHWH, the defining quality of David's exemplary walk.
καρδίαςof heartGenitivegenitive (defining ὁσιότητι: 'holiness of heart')→ relational specificationκαρδία (gen. καρδίας): 'heart'; the genitive specifies the seat of the holiness — not merely outward conformity but inner integrity; the heart-language ties this verse to v. 3 (YHWH's heart there) and to the apostate hearts of v. 9.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
εὐθύτητιuprightnessDativedative of manner (second quality of the walk)→ sphere or referenceεὐθύτης: 'uprightness / straightness'; renders יֹשֶׁר; paired with ὁσιότης it forms a standard LXX word-pair for moral integrity; 'holiness and uprightness' together summarize the Davidic ideal of covenant fidelity.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing articular infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (genitive articular infinitive marker)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: governs the epexegetic articular infinitive ποιεῖν, spelling out what the upright walk consists in ('namely, doing according to all I commanded').
ποιεῖνto doPres Act Inf · ποιέωarticular infinitive (epexegetic of the walk)→ durative present infinitive (continual obedience)ποιέω: 'do / perform'; the present articular infinitive τοῦ ποιεῖν denotes the ongoing practice of obedience; it explains the upright walk concretely as doing all YHWH commanded David.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (standard).
πάνταall thingsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (substantival: 'all that')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; κατὰ πάντα ἃ ('according to all which') stresses comprehensive obedience — every command, without selection or omission.
ἃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνετειλάμην)→ participant referenceὅς (neut. pl. ἅ): relative pronoun introducing the content of the commandment; antecedent πάντα.
ἐνετειλάμηνI commandedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause (divine first person)→ constative aorist (the act of commanding)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / enjoin / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the deponent verb is the standard LXX term for divine commandment-giving; the cognate noun ἐντολή follows below.
αὐτῷhimDativedative indirect object (David as the one commanded)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (David as the one commanded).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματάstatutes / ordinancesAccusativedirect object of φυλάξῃς (fronted before its verb)→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: 'ordinance / statute / decree'; renders חֹק / מִשְׁפָּט; paired with ἐντολή it forms the standard LXX legal word-pair; the objects are fronted before the closing verb φυλάξῃς for emphasis.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολάςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of φυλάξῃς (parallel to προστάγματά)→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; renders מִצְוָה; cognate with ἐνετειλάμην above; the statutes-and-commandments pair encapsulates the whole Torah-obligation laid on the king.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
φυλάξῃςyou keepAor Act Subj 2 Sg · φυλάσσωsecond verb of protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ constative aorist subjunctive (conditional obedience)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / observe'; renders שָׁמַר; the standard LXX verb for keeping the commandments; coordinate with πορευθῇς as the second limb of the protasis — walking faithfully and keeping the law together constitute the condition of the promise.
5

καὶ ἀναστήσω τὸν θρόνον τῆς βασιλείας σου ἐπὶ Ισραηλ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καθὼς ἐλάλησα τῷ Δαυιδ πατρί σου λέγων οὐκ ἐξαρθήσεταί σοι ἀνὴρ ἡγούμενος ἐν Ισραηλ

then I will raise up the throne of your kingdom over Israel forever, as I spoke to David your father, saying, 'There shall not be cut off from you a man ruling in Israel.'

Apodosis of the conditional promise (main clause completing v. 4)καὶ ἀναστήσω
The apodosis answering v. 4's protasis: if Solomon walks faithfully, YHWH will establish his throne forever. The promise is grounded in the Davidic covenant (καθὼς ἐλάλησα τῷ Δαυιδ), here cited in the dynastic-succession formula 'there shall not be cut off a man ruling in Israel' (cf. 2 Kgdms 7:16; 3 Kgdms 2:4).
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶthen / andapodotic conjunction (introducing the apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic ('then'), introducing the consequence that follows the protasis of v. 4 — a Hebraizing use of waw-apodosis.
ἀναστήσωI will raise up / establishFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (divine first-person promise)→ predictive future (covenant guarantee)ἀνίστημι: 'raise up / set up / establish'; renders הֵקִים; the same verb used of YHWH 'raising up' David's seed in the dynastic oracle (2 Kgdms 7:12); here it promises the perpetual establishment of Solomon's throne, conditional on his fidelity.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνονthroneAccusativedirect object of ἀναστήσω→ object specificationθρόνος: 'throne'; renders כִּסֵּא; symbol of royal dynastic rule; 'the throne of your kingdom over Israel' is the object of the divine establishing-promise, echoing the language of 2 Kgdms 7:13.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomGenitivegenitive (defining θρόνον: 'throne of your kingdom')→ relational specificationβασιλεία: 'kingdom / reign'; renders מַמְלָכָה; the genitive identifies the throne as that of Solomon's royal rule over Israel.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (rule over)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'over'; expresses dominion — the throne established 'over Israel.'
ΙσραηλIsraelobject of ἐπί (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; the people over whom Solomon's throne is to be established.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (temporal extent)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal extent).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiomatic: 'forever')→ object specificationαἰών: εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ('forever') renders לְעוֹלָם; the perpetuity of the throne matches the perpetuity of the name's dwelling (v. 3), but both are now framed by the conditional ἐάν of v. 4.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction (introducing the Davidic citation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as'; grounds the present promise in the prior divine word to David, introducing the dynastic-covenant formula.
ἐλάλησαI spokeAor Act Indic 1 Sg · λαλέωverb of comparative clause (divine first person)→ constative aorist (the prior covenant promise)λαλέω (aor.): 'speak'; refers back to YHWH's dynastic promise to David (2 Kgdms 7); the appeal to the earlier divine word makes the present promise a renewal and confirmation of the Davidic covenant.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative, with Δαυιδ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: the dative article marks the case of the indeclinable Δαυιδ ('to David').
ΔαυιδDavidDativedative indirect object (case marked by τῷ)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; dative recipient of the original covenant promise, here recalled.
πατρίfatherDativedative in apposition to Δαυιδ→ sphere or referenceπατήρ (dat. πατρί): 'father'; the appositive reaffirms the dynastic line Solomon–David, the channel of the covenant promise.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (introducing direct quotation)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraistic 'saying')λέγω (pres. ptc. λέγων): 'saying'; the participle λέγων is a Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר, introducing the direct content of the prior divine promise to David.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐξαρθήσεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): the negation forms the dynastic-continuity formula 'there shall not be cut off' — a guarantee of unbroken succession.
ἐξαρθήσεταίshall be cut offFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαίρωmain verb of the cited promise (impersonal future)→ predictive future (covenant guarantee of succession)ἐξαίρω (fut. pass. ἐξαρθήσεται): 'remove / take away / cut off'; renders כָּרַת (Niphal) in the dynastic formula לֹא יִכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ ('there shall not be cut off from you a man'); the passive guarantees an unbroken line of Davidic rulers — ironically the same verb (ἐξαρῶ) describes Israel's removal from the land at v. 7.
σοιfrom youDativedative of disadvantage/reference ('cut off from you')→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'from you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of disadvantage/reference ('cut off from you').
ἀνὴρa manNominativesubject (of ἐξαρθήσεται)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; renders אִישׁ; in the dynastic formula it denotes a Davidic descendant occupying the throne — a 'man ruling in Israel' in every generation.
ἡγούμενοςruling / as rulerPres Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἡγέομαιpredicate participle (modifying ἀνήρ: 'a man ruling')→ durative present participle (ongoing rule)ἡγέομαι (pres. ptc. ἡγούμενος): 'lead / rule / govern'; renders מֹשֵׁל; the substantivized participle 'one ruling' specifies that the perpetuated 'man' is a reigning Davidide; the present aspect denotes continuous governance.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere of rule)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere of rule).
ΙσραηλIsraelobject of ἐν (indeclinable: sphere of the rule)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the sphere within which the Davidic 'man' is to rule perpetually.
6

ἐὰν δὲ ἀποστραφέντες ἀποστραφῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ καὶ μὴ φυλάξητε τὰς ἐντολάς μου καὶ τὰ προστάγματά μου ἃ ἔδωκεν Μωυσῆς ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν καὶ πορευθῆτε καὶ δουλεύσητε θεοῖς ἑτέροις καὶ προσκυνήσητε αὐτοῖς

But if you and your children turn away from me and do not keep my commandments and my statutes which Moses set before you, and you go and serve other gods and worship them,

Negative protasis: the alternative condition of apostasy (subordinate, level 1)ἐὰν δὲ
The δέ marks the dark counterpart to the promise of vv. 4–5: ἐὰν δέ ('but if') introduces the apostasy-condition, whose apodosis (the threat of exile and the ruined house) follows in v. 7. The shift to second-person plural (ὑμεῖς … τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν) widens the address from Solomon to the whole nation and its future generations. The cognate construction ἀποστραφέντες ἀποστραφῆτε is an intensifying Hebraism ('if you utterly turn away').
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (introducing negative protasis + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the alternative, ominous condition; with the subjunctives that follow it forms a future-more-vivid protasis describing apostasy.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive: contrast with vv. 4–5)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: the adversative δέ sharply contrasts this apostasy-scenario with the obedience-condition of v. 4; 'but if...' turns the promise into a warning.
ἀποστραφέντεςturning awayAor Pass Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀποστρέφωparticiple in cognate construction (intensifying ἀποστραφῆτε)→ intensifying aorist participle (Hebraism: 'utterly turning')ἀποστρέφω (aor. pass. ptc.): 'turn away / turn back'; the participle ἀποστραφέντες with the finite ἀποστραφῆτε renders the Hebrew infinitive-absolute construction שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁבוּן ('if you utterly turn away'), expressing the certainty and completeness of the hypothetical apostasy.
ἀποστραφῆτεyou turn awayAor Pass Subj 2 Pl · ἀποστρέφωverb of protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ constative aorist subjunctive (the apostasy condition)ἀποστρέφω: the finite subjunctive completes the cognate-emphatic construction; 'turning away from me' is the fundamental act of covenant betrayal — apostasy from YHWH himself.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic 2nd person plural: widening to the nation)→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: the emphatic plural pronoun widens the address from Solomon (sg. in vv. 4–5) to the whole people and dynasty, making the warning national in scope.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenNominativesubject (coordinate with ὑμεῖς)→ participant prominenceτέκνον: 'child'; renders בֵּן / בָּנִים; 'you and your children' extends the apostasy-warning to future generations, anticipating the actual history of Israel's idolatry and exile.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (separation, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό (ἀπ᾿ before vowel): 'from'; expresses separation — the turning is 'from me,' i.e., apostasy from YHWH's covenant allegiance.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the divine 'me')→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the divine 'me').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotnegative particle (with subjunctive φυλάξητε)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative used with the subjunctive in the conditional clause; 'do not keep' is the practical content of the turning-away.
φυλάξητεyou keepAor Act Subj 2 Pl · φυλάσσωverb of protasis (negated subjunctive)→ constative aorist subjunctive (failure to keep)φυλάσσω: 'keep / observe'; the negated subjunctive μὴ φυλάξητε ('if you do not keep') is the exact antithesis of φυλάξῃς in v. 4 — the same verb that defined obedience now, negated, defines apostasy.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολάςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of φυλάξητε→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; the same legal vocabulary as v. 4, here as the object of the failed keeping.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματάstatutesAccusativedirect object (parallel to ἐντολάς)→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: 'statute / ordinance'; the standard pairing with ἐντολή; here the commandments mediated through Moses.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκεν)→ participant referenceὅς (neut. pl. ἅ): relative pronoun; antecedent the statutes/commandments; introduces the Mosaic mediation of the law.
ἔδωκενgave / setAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the Mosaic giving of the law)δίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκεν): 'give / set forth'; here of Moses delivering the law to Israel; the variant attribution (commands 'which Moses gave') roots the covenant obligation in the Sinai legislation; cf. the MT which attributes the commands to YHWH directly.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (of ἔδωκεν)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined in Rahlfs as a first/third-declension hybrid (nom. Μωυσῆς); here nominative subject — Moses the mediator who set the law before Israel.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; the law was set 'before you,' i.e., publicly proclaimed and binding upon the people.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον (2nd person plural)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐνώπιον (2nd person plural).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορευθῆτεyou goAor Pass Subj 2 Pl · πορεύομαιverb of protasis (subjunctive: going after other gods)→ constative aorist subjunctive (apostate movement)πορεύομαι: 'go / walk'; here 'going (after other gods)'; the same verb that described faithful 'walking before YHWH' in v. 4 now describes the apostate's defection — a deliberate verbal irony.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δουλεύσητεyou serveAor Act Subj 2 Pl · δουλεύωverb of protasis (subjunctive)→ constative aorist subjunctive (idolatrous service)δουλεύω: 'serve / be enslaved to'; renders עָבַד; the standard LXX verb for cultic service; 'serving other gods' is the classic Deuteronomistic definition of apostasy (cf. Deut 28:36, 64).
θεοῖςgodsDativedative object of δουλεύσητε (the objects of false service)→ sphere or referenceθεός (dat. pl. θεοῖς): 'god'; δουλεύω takes the dative of the one served; 'other gods' are the rival deities whose worship constitutes covenant betrayal.
ἑτέροιςotherDativeattributive adjective (modifying θεοῖς)→ sphere or referenceἕτερος: 'other / different'; θεοὶ ἕτεροι renders אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים ('other gods'), the standard Deuteronomistic phrase for the forbidden deities; their service is the antithesis of exclusive devotion to YHWH.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνήσητεyou worshipAor Act Subj 2 Pl · προσκυνέωverb of protasis (subjunctive)→ constative aorist subjunctive (idolatrous worship)προσκυνέω: 'bow down / do obeisance / worship'; renders הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה; the act of prostration before the idols completes the apostasy-sequence (going–serving–worshiping), the precise violation of the first and second commandments.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of προσκυνήσητε (the other gods)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of προσκυνήσητε (the other gods).
7

καὶ ἐξαρῶ τὸν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἧς ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς καὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ὃν ἡγίασα τῷ ὀνόματί μου ἀπορρίψω ἐκ προσώπου μου καὶ ἔσται Ισραηλ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ εἰς λάλημα εἰς πάντας τοὺς λαούς

then I will cut off Israel from the land which I gave them, and this house which I consecrated to my name I will cast away from my presence; and Israel shall become a desolation and a byword among all the peoples.

Apodosis of the apostasy-condition: the threat of exile and rejection (main clause)καὶ ἐξαρῶ
The apodosis answering v. 6: apostasy will bring exile (ἐξαρῶ … ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς) and the rejection of the very temple YHWH consecrated (ἡγίασα ↔ v. 3 ἡγίακα). The judgment-verb ἐξαρῶ deliberately echoes the promise-verb ἐξαρθήσεται of v. 5: what was promised never to be 'cut off' (the Davidic line) is matched by the threat that Israel itself will be 'cut off' from the land. The chapter's pivot from blessing to curse.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶthen / andapodotic conjunction (introducing the apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic ('then'), introducing the consequence of the apostasy-condition of v. 6.
ἐξαρῶI will cut off / removeFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐξαίρωmain verb (divine first-person threat)→ predictive future (judgment of exile)ἐξαίρω (fut. ἐξαρῶ): 'remove / take away / cut off'; renders הִכְרִית; the same root as ἐξαρθήσεται (v. 5): the Davidic 'man' was promised never to be cut off, but apostate Israel will be 'cut off' from its land — a bitter inversion of the covenant promise into covenant curse (cf. Deut 28:63).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ισραηλ, marking accusative)→ noun-phrase markingτόν: the accusative article here accompanies the indeclinable Ισραηλ, marking it as the direct object.
ΙσραηλIsraelAccusativedirect object of ἐξαρῶ (case marked by τόν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; here the object of the threatened removal — the whole people to be cut off from the land of promise.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; separation from the land — the language of exile and dispossession.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the land of promise)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֲדָמָה / אֶרֶץ; the land YHWH gave is the gift now to be revoked; removal 'from the land' is the supreme covenant curse, reversing the conquest gift.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (case-attracted to antecedent γῆς; object of ἔδωκα)→ relational specificationὅς (fem. gen. ἧς): the relative is attracted into the genitive of its antecedent γῆς; logically the accusative object of ἔδωκα ('the land which I gave').
ἔδωκαI gaveAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (divine first person)→ constative aorist (the land-gift)δίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκα): 'give'; the land as YHWH's gift; the poignancy is that the divine giver of the land is also the one who will revoke it for covenant unfaithfulness.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative indirect object (Israel as recipients of the land)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (Israel as recipients of the land).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the temple-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ἀπορρίψω (fronted)→ object specificationοἶκος: the temple; fronted as object of ἀπορρίψω for emphasis; the same 'house' consecrated in v. 3 is now threatened with rejection — the chapter's central irony.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying οἶκον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the deictic τοῦτον points to the same temple consecrated in v. 3 (τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον), binding promise and threat to one and the same building.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἡγίασα)→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of ἡγίασα).
ἡγίασαI consecratedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἁγιάζωverb of relative clause (divine first person)→ constative aorist (the prior consecration)ἁγιάζω (aor. ἡγίασα): 'consecrate / make holy'; deliberately recalls ἡγίακα (perf.) of v. 3 — the house YHWH himself sanctified for his name he will, if provoked, cast away; the repetition makes the threatened rejection maximally grievous.
τῷto / forDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameDativedative of advantage/purpose ('consecrated to my name')→ sphere or referenceὄνομα (dat. ὀνόματι): 'name'; the temple was consecrated 'to/for my name' (cf. v. 3); its rejection is therefore the withdrawal of the name-presence promised forever — making apostasy's consequence the undoing of the name-theology.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπορρίψωI will cast awayFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀπορρίπτωmain verb (divine first-person threat, paralleling ἐξαρῶ)→ predictive future (rejection of the temple)ἀπορρίπτω: 'throw away / cast off / reject'; renders שָׁלַח / הִשְׁלִיךְ; the violent verb 'cast away from my presence' expresses YHWH's repudiation of the defiled sanctuary — the withdrawal of the very presence (eyes and heart, v. 3) that consecrated it.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation from presence)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation from presence).
προσώπουpresence / faceGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (idiomatic: 'from my presence')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; ἐκ προσώπου μου renders מֵעַל פָּנַי ('from my face/presence'); the temple, set where YHWH's eyes and heart would dwell (v. 3), is now to be banished from that very presence — the sharpest possible reversal.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall becomeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate of consequence)→ predictive future (resultant state)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'will be / become'; the construction ἔσται εἰς ('shall become') is a Hebraism rendering הָיָה לְ; it describes Israel's transformation into an object of horror and mockery.
ΙσραηλIsraelsubject (of ἔσται; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; here the subject — the people who will become a desolation and a byword.
εἰςfor / intopreposition + accusative (predicate of becoming: Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: in the construction ἔσται εἰς ('become'), the εἰς marks the predicate nominal-equivalent, a Hebraism for לְ of result/transformation.
ἀφανισμὸνdesolation / annihilationAccusativepredicate accusative (with εἰς: 'become a desolation')→ object specificationἀφανισμός: 'desolation / destruction / annihilation'; renders שַׁמָּה / שְׁמָמָה; a strong term for utter ruin; Israel will become not merely defeated but a spectacle of devastation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςfor / intopreposition + accusative (second predicate)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (second predicate).
λάλημαbyword / talkAccusativepredicate accusative (with εἰς: 'become a byword')→ object specificationλάλημα: 'talk / byword / object of gossip'; a rare LXX word rendering שְׁנִינָה / מָשָׁל ('byword, taunt'); Israel becomes the subject of derisive talk among the nations — public humiliation as covenant curse (cf. Deut 28:37).
εἰςto / amongpreposition + accusative (extent: 'among all peoples')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here marking extent/sphere ('to/among all the peoples'); the byword reaches every nation, universalizing Israel's disgrace.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λαούς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the universal scope — Israel's humiliation will be proverbial 'among all the peoples,' not merely its immediate neighbors.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαούςpeoplesAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the nations who mock)→ object specificationλαός: 'people / nation'; the plural λαοί here denotes the foreign nations before whom Israel becomes a byword — an ironic reversal, since Israel was meant to be the people who declared YHWH's praise among the nations.
8

καὶ ὁ οἶκος οὗτος ὁ ὑψηλός πᾶς ὁ διαπορευόμενος δι᾿ αὐτοῦ ἐκστήσεται καὶ συριεῖ καὶ ἐροῦσιν ἕνεκα τίνος ἐποίησεν κύριος οὕτως τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ καὶ τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ

And this exalted house — everyone who passes by it shall be astonished and shall hiss; and they shall say, 'Why has the LORD done thus to this land and to this house?'

Continuation of the judgment-oracle: the ruined house as object of horrorκαὶ ὁ οἶκος οὗτος
The once-exalted temple becomes a ruin that astonishes passers-by, who 'hiss' (συριεῖ) in shock and ask the rhetorical question ἕνεκα τίνος ('on account of what?'). The pendent nominative ὁ οἶκος οὗτος ὁ ὑψηλός (a casus pendens picked up loosely by the following clauses) heightens the rhetorical force. The question sets up the answer given in v. 9.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with οἶκος, casus pendens)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseNominativependent nominative (casus pendens, topicalized)→ participant prominenceοἶκος: the temple, here in a pendent nominative ('and this exalted house —'), topicalized before the clause shifts to the passers-by; the syntactic dangling mirrors the desolation it describes.
οὗτοςthisNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying οἶκος)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; again the deictic identifying the very temple consecrated in v. 3, now standing as a ruin.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ὑψηλός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλόςexalted / loftyNominativeattributive adjective (modifying οἶκος: 'the exalted house')→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: 'high / lofty / exalted'; renders עֶלְיוֹן; the epithet 'exalted' sharpens the pathos — the loftiest of houses brought to ruin; some Hebrew witnesses read 'this house shall become heaps,' but the LXX retains 'high/exalted' as the standing description.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (substantival, with the participle: 'everyone who passes')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / everyone'; πᾶς ὁ διαπορευόμενος ('everyone passing by') universalizes the reaction — no passer-by will fail to be appalled.
ὁtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαπορευόμενοςpassing through / byPres Mid Ptc Nom Sg Masc · διαπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one passing by')→ durative present participle (habitual passing)διαπορεύομαι: 'pass through / pass by'; the substantival participle 'the one who passes by' denotes any traveler who comes upon the ruin; the present aspect generalizes to all who ever pass.
δι᾿through / bypreposition + genitive (path, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingδιά (δι᾿ before vowel) + gen.: 'through / by'; 'passing by/through it' — the ruin lies on the traveler's road, an inescapable spectacle.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of δι᾿ (referring to the house)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of δι᾿ (referring to the house).
ἐκστήσεταιshall be astonishedFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξίστημιmain verb (reaction of the passer-by)→ predictive future (the shock of the onlooker)ἐξίστημι (fut. mid. ἐκστήσεται): 'be amazed / astonished / appalled'; renders שָׁמֵם ('be appalled'); the verb denotes the stunned horror of the onlooker confronted with the ruin of the once-glorious temple.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συριεῖshall hissFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συρίζωmain verb (coordinate reaction)→ predictive future (gesture of derisive shock)συρίζω (fut. συριεῖ): 'hiss / whistle'; renders שָׁרַק; hissing was a conventional ancient Near Eastern gesture of shock, scorn, and derision at a ruined place (cf. Jer 19:8; Lam 2:15); the passer-by both marvels and mocks.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the spoken question)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσινthey shall sayFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγω (εἶπον)main verb (introducing the onlookers' question)→ predictive future (the reported speech of the nations)λέγω (fut. ἐροῦσιν): 'they will say'; introduces the rhetorical question the passers-by will ask; the shift to plural generalizes the reaction to all observers.
ἕνεκαon account of / whypreposition + genitive (causal: 'on account of what')→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: 'on account of / because of'; with τίνος forms the question 'on account of what? = why?'; renders עַל מֶה; the causal interrogative frames the central theological question the ruin provokes.
τίνοςwhatGenitiveinterrogative pronoun (genitive object of ἕνεκα)→ relational specificationτίς (gen. τίνος): interrogative 'what / why'; ἕνεκα τίνος ('for what reason') is the LXX rendering of עַל מֶה, the stock question of astonished onlookers at divine judgment (cf. Deut 29:24).
ἐποίησενhas doneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the reported question→ constative aorist (the completed act of judgment)ποιέω (aor. ἐποίησεν): 'do / make'; the question 'why has the LORD done thus?' attributes the devastation directly to YHWH — the onlookers correctly read the ruin as divine judgment, not mere historical accident.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (of ἐποίησεν)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; even the foreign onlookers name YHWH as the agent of the judgment, acknowledging his sovereignty over Israel's fate.
οὕτωςthusadverb of manner (modifying ἐποίησεν: 'done thus')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; renders כָּכָה; points to the visible devastation as the manner of YHWH's act — 'done thus,' i.e., made this ruin.
τῇto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative (object of the action: 'to this land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; the dative of the thing affected; the judgment falls on both land and temple — the two gifts of vv. 3 and 7 now jointly devastated.
ταύτῃthisDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying γῇ)→ participant reference or interestοὗτος (dat. fem. ταύτῃ): 'this'; the deictic localizes the judgment on 'this land' — the land of promise given in v. 7.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative (object of the action: 'to this house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος (dat. οἴκῳ): the temple; the judgment-question explicitly names 'this house' — the consecrated temple of v. 3 — as the object of YHWH's devastating act.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying οἴκῳ)→ participant reference or interestοὗτος (dat. masc. τούτῳ): 'this'; the closing deictic 'this house' completes the chain of demonstratives (vv. 3, 7, 8) binding the consecrated and the devastated temple into one.
9

καὶ ἐροῦσιν ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ἐγκατέλιπον κύριον θεὸν αὐτῶν ὃς ἐξήγαγεν τοὺς πατέρας αὐτῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐξ οἴκου δουλείας καὶ ἀντελάβοντο θεῶν ἀλλοτρίων καὶ προσεκύνησαν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐδούλευσαν αὐτοῖς διὰ τοῦτο ἐπήγαγεν κύριος ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς τὴν κακίαν ταύτην τότε ἀνήγαγεν Σαλωμων τὴν θυγατέρα Φαραω ἐκ πόλεως Δαυιδ εἰς οἶκον αὐτοῦ ὃν ᾠκοδόμησεν ἑαυτῷ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις

And they shall say, 'Because they forsook the LORD their God, who brought their fathers out of Egypt, out of the house of bondage, and they took hold of foreign gods and worshiped them and served them; therefore the LORD brought upon them all this evil.' Then Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh from the city of David into his house which he had built for himself in those days.

Answer to the rhetorical question of v. 8, with appended Pharaoh's-daughter noticeκαὶ ἐροῦσιν ἀνθ᾿ ὧν
The answer to the 'why?' of v. 8: ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ('because') Israel forsook YHWH — the Exodus-God — and embraced foreign gods, therefore he brought all this evil upon them. The verse then appends, with a paratactic τότε, a notice of Solomon's bringing Pharaoh's daughter up to her own house, an editorial seam in the LXX's reorganized Solomon-narrative (the transmitted text carried an in-line editorial marker at this juncture, here resolved to continuous Greek).
Word-by-word analysis· 56 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the answer-speech)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσινthey shall sayFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγω (εἶπον)main verb (introducing the answer to the question)→ predictive future (the onlookers' reply)λέγω (fut. ἐροῦσιν): 'they will say'; the same verb as v. 8 now introduces the answer the onlookers themselves supply to their own question — a self-explaining judgment-formula.
ἀνθ᾿becausepreposition + genitive (causal, elided before vowel: 'because')→ spatial or relational framingἀντί (ἀνθ᾿ before rough breathing) + ὧν: 'in return for which / because'; ἀνθ᾿ ὧν is a causal idiom ('because') rendering תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר / יַעַן אֲשֶׁר; it introduces the ground of the judgment — covenant apostasy.
ὧνwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive with ἀνθ᾿, causal)→ relational specificationὅς (gen. pl. ὧν): the relative completes the causal phrase ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ('because'); idiomatic in the LXX for assigning the reason for divine action.
ἐγκατέλιπονthey forsookAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐγκαταλείπωverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (the act of abandonment)ἐγκαταλείπω: 'forsake / abandon / desert'; renders עָזַב; the strong compound denotes total abandonment of YHWH; this forsaking of the covenant Lord is the root cause of the judgment, named first among the apostasy-charges.
κύριονLORDAccusativedirect object of ἐγκατέλιπον→ object specificationκύριος (acc. κύριον): rendering of יהוה; the abandoned one is YHWH himself — the covenant God whom Israel forsook; the accusative object of the forsaking makes the offense maximally personal.
θεὸνGodAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κύριον→ object specificationθεός (acc. θεόν): 'God'; in apposition to κύριον ('the LORD their God'); the title underscores that the forsaken one is Israel's own covenant deity, not a foreign god.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their God')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession ('their God').
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐξήγαγεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the Exodus-credo identifying YHWH as the God who delivered Israel from Egypt — the very God now forsaken.
ἐξήγαγενbrought outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξάγωverb of relative clause (Exodus formula)→ constative aorist (the foundational deliverance)ἐξάγω (aor. ἐξήγαγεν): 'lead out / bring out'; renders הוֹצִיא; the standard LXX verb of the Exodus deliverance (cf. Exod 20:2); the credal relative clause heightens the ingratitude of the apostasy — they forsook the very God who freed them.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέραςfathersAccusativedirect object of ἐξήγαγεν→ object specificationπατήρ (acc. pl. πατέρας): 'father / ancestor'; 'their fathers' are the Exodus generation; the credo binds the present apostate generation to the redeemed ancestors, deepening the charge of covenant betrayal.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (place of bondage)→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος (gen. Αἰγύπτου): standard LXX form of מִצְרַיִם; the land of slavery from which YHWH delivered Israel; declinable, here genitive of source.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (appositional source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (appositional source).
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (in apposition to Αἰγύπτου)→ relational specificationοἶκος (gen. οἴκου): 'house'; οἶκος δουλείας ('house of bondage') renders בֵּית עֲבָדִים, the classic Exodus epithet for Egypt (Exod 13:3; Deut 5:6); note the irony of οἶκος recurring — the 'house of bondage' set against the 'house' (temple) now under judgment.
δουλείαςof bondage / slaveryGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκου: 'house of slavery')→ relational specificationδουλεία: 'slavery / bondage'; renders עֲבָדִים; the genitive characterizes Egypt as the place of enslavement; its root δουλ- recurs immediately in ἐδούλευσαν below — Israel, freed from bondage, enslaves itself anew to idols.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντελάβοντοthey took hold of / clung toAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀντιλαμβάνωmain verb of causal clause (the apostasy)→ constative aorist (embracing of idols)ἀντιλαμβάνομαι: 'take hold of / lay hold on / cling to'; here of seizing upon foreign gods; the middle takes the genitive (θεῶν); note the irony — the same verb (ἀντελάβετο) describes Hiram's helpful 'taking hold' (i.e., assisting) of Solomon at v. 11, but here it is a grasping after idols.
θεῶνgodsGenitivegenitive object of ἀντελάβοντο→ relational specificationθεός (gen. pl. θεῶν): 'god'; ἀντιλαμβάνομαι governs the genitive; the foreign gods are the object of Israel's misplaced grasping.
ἀλλοτρίωνforeign / strangeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying θεῶν)→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: 'belonging to another / foreign / strange'; θεοὶ ἀλλότριοι renders אֱלֹהֵי נֵכָר ('foreign gods'); the adjective stresses that these deities belong to other nations — utterly alien to Israel's covenant Lord.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεκύνησανthey worshipedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb of causal clause→ constative aorist (the act of idol-worship)προσκυνέω (aor.): 'bow down / worship'; the indicative now narrates as accomplished fact what v. 6 had posed hypothetically (προσκυνήσητε) — the warned-of apostasy presented from the standpoint of fulfilled judgment.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of προσεκύνησαν (the foreign gods)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of προσεκύνησαν (the foreign gods).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδούλευσανthey servedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δουλεύωmain verb of causal clause→ constative aorist (the act of idol-service)δουλεύω (aor.): 'serve / be enslaved'; the root δουλ- echoes δουλείας above — freed from the 'house of bondage,' Israel re-enslaves itself to idols; the indicative narrates the realized apostasy warned of in v. 6 (δουλεύσητε).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐδούλευσαν→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐδούλευσαν.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (causal: 'for this reason')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + acc.: 'because of / on account of'; διὰ τοῦτο ('therefore / for this reason') draws the inference from the apostasy-charges to the judgment that follows.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of διά: 'because of this')→ participant referenceοὗτος (acc. neut. τοῦτο): 'this'; διὰ τοῦτο sums up the foregoing apostasy as the cause of the disaster about to be named.
ἐπήγαγενbrought uponAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπάγωmain verb (the divine judgment)→ constative aorist (the inflicted calamity)ἐπάγω (aor. ἐπήγαγεν): 'bring upon / lead against'; the compound ἐπ- marks hostile imposition (cf. its use of the plagues in Exod 11:1); here YHWH 'brings upon them all this evil' — the judgment that the apostasy provoked.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (of ἐπήγαγεν)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the divine agent of the judgment, named by the onlookers themselves as the one who brought the calamity.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (hostile direction, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (ἐπ᾿ before vowel) + acc.: 'upon'; the hostile 'upon them' marks the people as the target of the inflicted evil.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (the apostate people)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (the apostate people).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίανevil / calamityAccusativedirect object of ἐπήγαγεν→ object specificationκακία: 'evil / wickedness / calamity'; here in the sense of disaster/misfortune (the 'evil' brought as judgment, not moral evil), rendering רָעָה; 'all this evil' is the catastrophe of exile and ruin described in vv. 7–8.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying κακίαν)→ participant referenceοὗτος (acc. fem. ταύτην): 'this'; the deictic points back to the devastation of vv. 7–8 as 'this evil' — the concrete calamity the onlookers witness.
τότεthentemporal adverb (introducing the appended Pharaoh's-daughter notice)→ adverbial qualificationτότε: 'then / at that time'; the adverb opens an editorial seam in the LXX's rearranged Solomon-narrative; it loosely appends the notice of Pharaoh's daughter, material the MT places at 1 Kgs 9:24.
ἀνήγαγενbrought upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνάγωmain verb (new clause: the Pharaoh's-daughter notice)→ constative aorist (the relocation)ἀνάγω (aor. ἀνήγαγεν): 'lead up / bring up'; the compound ἀνα- ('up') suits the movement up from the city of David to the newly built house; the notice records Solomon settling Pharaoh's daughter in her own residence.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; subject of ἀνήγαγεν in the appended notice.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέραdaughterAccusativedirect object of ἀνήγαγεν→ object specificationθυγάτηρ (acc. θυγατέρα): 'daughter'; renders בַּת; 'the daughter of Pharaoh' is Solomon's Egyptian wife (cf. 3 Kgdms 3:1); her relocation to a separate house reflects concerns about the holiness of the city of David.
ΦαραωPharaohgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'Pharaoh's daughter')→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliteration of פַּרְעֹה (Egyptian pr-ꜥȝ, 'great house'); indeclinable in the LXX; here genitive of relationship defining the daughter.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source of the movement)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source of the movement).
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the city of David)→ relational specificationπόλις (gen. πόλεως): 'city'; ἡ πόλις Δαυιδ ('the city of David') is the old Jebusite stronghold of Zion; Pharaoh's daughter is moved out of it, perhaps to keep the sacred precinct from a foreign consort.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'city of David')→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; here genitive defining the city — the city of David, i.e., Zion.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the destination house)→ object specificationοἶκος: here the separate residence Solomon built for Pharaoh's daughter; the recurrence of οἶκος (temple, palace, house of bondage, ruined house, and now this residence) is one of the chapter's structural leitworter.
αὐτοῦhis / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to the house)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (referring to the house).
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησεν)→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησεν).
ᾠκοδόμησενhe builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the completed building)οἰκοδομέω (aor.): 'build'; recalls the building leitwort of the chapter (vv. 1, 3, 10); here of the residence Solomon built for himself/for Pharaoh's daughter.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfDativereflexive dative of advantage ('for himself')→ sphere or referenceἑαυτοῦ (dat. ἑαυτῷ): reflexive pronoun 'himself'; the dative of advantage marks the house as built for Solomon's own purpose (housing his Egyptian queen).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'in those days')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα (dat. pl. ἡμέραις): 'day'; ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ('in those days') is a standard LXX temporal phrase loosely dating the appended notice within Solomon's reign.
ἐκείναιςthoseDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἡμέραις)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος (dat. pl. ἐκείναις): 'those'; the distal demonstrative 'those days' situates the Pharaoh's-daughter notice in the general period of Solomon's building activity.
10

εἴκοσι ἔτη ἐν οἷς ᾠκοδόμησεν Σαλωμων τοὺς δύο οἴκους τὸν οἶκον κυρίου καὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως

Twenty years, in which Solomon built the two houses, the house of the LORD and the house of the king.

Temporal heading of a new section (Solomon and Hiram)εἴκοσι ἔτη
The bare temporal phrase 'twenty years' (an accusative-of-duration heading) recapitulates the building period of the temple and palace and opens the Hiram section (vv. 10–14). The two houses — temple and palace — sum up the construction that began the chapter (v. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral (with ἔτη: 'twenty years')→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable cardinal numeral; the twenty-year span (seven for the temple, thirteen for the palace; cf. 3 Kgdms 6:38–7:1) frames the whole building enterprise as a single completed epoch.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for twenty years')→ object specificationἔτος (pl. ἔτη): 'year'; the accusative of extent of time; the heading 'twenty years' measures the total period of Solomon's two great constructions.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal, with relative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal, with relative).
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative with ἐν: 'in which')→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. pl. οἷς): relative pronoun; ἐν οἷς ('during which') refers to the twenty years as the span within which the building occurred.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the completed building over the period)οἰκοδομέω (aor.): 'build'; the building leitwort again; the aorist sums up the twenty-year construction as one accomplished work.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; subject of ᾠκοδόμησεν.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoindeclinable numeral (modifying οἴκους)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable cardinal; 'the two houses' are immediately specified as temple and palace, recapitulating v. 1.
οἴκουςhousesAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationοἶκος (acc. pl. οἴκους): 'house'; 'the two houses' — temple and palace — the leitwort again, here summing the building program in retrospect.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative in apposition to οἴκους (the temple)→ object specificationοἶκος: here the temple, ὁ οἶκος κυρίου, the first of the two houses specified.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (defining the temple)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of יהוה; identifies the first house as the temple, YHWH's own house.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the palace)→ object specificationοἶκος: here the palace, ὁ οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως, the second of the two houses.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (defining the palace)→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; ὁ οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως is Solomon's royal palace, the second of the two completed houses.
11

Χιραμ βασιλεὺς Τύρου ἀντελάβετο τοῦ Σαλωμων ἐν ξύλοις κεδρίνοις καὶ ἐν ξύλοις πευκίνοις καὶ ἐν χρυσίῳ καὶ ἐν παντὶ θελήματι αὐτοῦ τότε ἔδωκεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ Χιραμ εἴκοσι πόλεις ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ

Hiram king of Tyre had supported Solomon with cedar timber and pine timber and with gold and with all his desire; then the king gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee.

New narrative subject: Hiram's support and Solomon's reciprocal giftΧιραμ βασιλεὺς Τύρου
The verse fronts Hiram as topic and recapitulates his material support (cedar, pine, gold) for Solomon's building, then records the king's reciprocal gift of twenty Galilean cities. The verb ἀντελάβετο ('took hold of / supported') echoes ironically the same verb used of Israel's grasping after idols in v. 9. The τότε ('then') marks the consequent gift.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: transliteration of Hebrew חִירָם; indeclinable in the LXX; Hiram (Huram) king of Tyre, the Phoenician ally and supplier of Solomon's building materials (cf. 3 Kgdms 5).
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Χιραμ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the appositive titles Hiram as the Tyrian monarch, an equal sovereign whose alliance with Solomon undergirds the temple project.
Τύρουof TyreGenitivegenitive of place (defining βασιλεύς: 'king of Tyre')→ relational specificationΤύρος (gen. Τύρου): 'Tyre'; the great Phoenician port city; declinable, here genitive defining Hiram's kingdom; Tyre supplied cedar, craftsmanship, and seafaring expertise.
ἀντελάβετοsupported / assistedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀντιλαμβάνωmain verb (Hiram's support of Solomon)→ constative aorist (the rendered support)ἀντιλαμβάνομαι: 'take hold of / help / support'; the middle with the genitive (τοῦ Σαλωμων) means 'lent support to / assisted'; the same verb described Israel's grasping after foreign gods in v. 9 (ἀντελάβοντο) — here it bears the positive sense of beneficial aid.
τοῦ—Genitivearticle (genitive, marking Σαλωμων as object of ἀντελάβετο)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: the genitive article marks the case of the indeclinable Σαλωμων, the genitive object required by ἀντιλαμβάνομαι ('supported Solomon').
ΣαλωμωνSolomonGenitivegenitive object of ἀντελάβετο (case marked by τοῦ)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; the genitive object of ἀντιλαμβάνομαι, marked by the article τοῦ.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental: means of support)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here instrumental ('with / by means of'), a Hebraizing use rendering בְּ; introduces the materials with which Hiram supported Solomon.
ξύλοιςtimber / woodDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceξύλον (dat. pl. ξύλοις): 'wood / timber'; renders עֵץ; the building timber Hiram supplied; specified as cedar and pine, the prized Lebanese woods.
κεδρίνοιςof cedarDativeattributive adjective (modifying ξύλοις)→ sphere or referenceκέδρινος: 'of cedar / cedarn'; renders אֶרֶז; cedar of Lebanon was the premier construction wood of the ancient Near East, used throughout the temple (3 Kgdms 6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
ξύλοιςtimberDativedative of means→ sphere or referenceξύλοις: meaning 'timber'; it serves as dative of means.
πευκίνοιςof pine / firDativeattributive adjective (modifying ξύλοις)→ sphere or referenceπεύκινος: 'of pine / fir'; renders בְּרוֹשׁ (cypress/juniper/fir); the second prized building wood, used for floors and doors of the temple (3 Kgdms 6:15, 34).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
χρυσίῳgoldDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον (dat. χρυσίῳ): 'gold'; renders זָהָב; Hiram supplied gold as well as timber; gold is the chapter's recurring measure of wealth (vv. 11, 14, 28), the medium of the Tyrian-Israelite exchange.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνin / according topreposition + dative (extent: 'in all his desire')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (extent: 'in all his desire').
παντὶall / everyDativeattributive adjective (modifying θελήματι)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς (dat. παντί): 'all / every'; 'in all his desire' means Hiram supplied whatever Solomon wished — comprehensive fulfilment of the king's requests.
θελήματιdesire / wishDativedative (with ἐν: 'according to all his desire')→ sphere or referenceθέλημα (dat. θελήματι): 'will / desire / wish'; renders חֵפֶץ; 'all his desire' echoes ὅσα ἠθέλησεν of v. 1 — Hiram's supply matched the full scope of Solomon's wishes.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Solomon's desire)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Solomon's desire).
τότεthentemporal adverb (introducing the reciprocal gift)→ adverbial qualificationτότε: 'then'; marks the consequent action — in return for Hiram's support, Solomon makes his gift of cities.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Solomon's gift to Hiram)→ constative aorist (the act of giving)δίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκεν): 'give'; the reciprocal gift of cities; the verb ἔδωκεν will be echoed in Hiram's reproachful question at v. 13 (ἃς ἔδωκάς μοι).
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (Solomon as 'the king')→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; here Solomon, designated by title as the giver of the cities.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative, with Χιραμ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: the dative article marks the case of indeclinable Χιραμ ('to Hiram').
ΧιραμHiramDativedative indirect object (recipient of the cities; case marked by τῷ)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; dative recipient of the twenty cities.
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral (modifying πόλεις)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable; the number of cities given — echoing the 'twenty years' of v. 10, an incidental verbal link between the building-summary and the Hiram-transaction.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationπόλις (acc. pl. πόλεις): 'city'; renders עִיר; the twenty Galilean cities ceded to Hiram, which will displease him (v. 12) and be named Cabul/Ὅριον (v. 13).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ (dat. γῇ): 'land'; the territory in which the twenty cities lay — the land of Galilee.
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive position, with Γαλιλαίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλιλαίᾳGalileeDativeattributive adjective/noun (defining γῇ: 'the land of Galilee')→ sphere or referenceΓαλιλαία (dat. Γαλιλαίᾳ): 'Galilee'; renders גָּלִיל; the northern region; the cities ceded to Hiram lay in 'the land of Galilee,' in the far north toward Phoenician territory; declinable, here dative agreeing with γῇ.
12

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Χιραμ ἐκ Τύρου καὶ ἐπορεύθη εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν τοῦ ἰδεῖν τὰς πόλεις ἃς ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ Σαλωμων καὶ οὐκ ἤρεσαν αὐτῷ

And Hiram went out from Tyre and traveled to Galilee to see the cities which Solomon had given him, and they did not please him.

Narrative continuation: Hiram's inspection and displeasureκαὶ ἐξῆλθεν Χιραμ
Hiram travels from Tyre to inspect his new cities, but they fail to please him (οὐκ ἤρεσαν αὐτῷ). The note of dissatisfaction sets up his reproach in v. 13. The purpose-infinitive τοῦ ἰδεῖν ('to see') marks the inspection as the point of the journey.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (Hiram's departure)→ constative aorist (the journey out)ἐξέρχομαι (aor. ἐξῆλθεν): 'go out / come out'; renders יָצָא; Hiram sets out from his capital to inspect the ceded territory in person.
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; subject of ἐξῆλθεν and ἐπορεύθη.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΤύρουTyreGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (point of departure)→ relational specificationΤύρος (gen. Τύρου): 'Tyre'; Hiram's capital, the starting point of his journey to inspect the Galilean cities.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηtraveledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (Hiram's journey to Galilee)→ constative aorist (the completed journey)πορεύομαι (aor.): 'go / travel'; coordinate with ἐξῆλθεν; Hiram makes the journey to Galilee to view his acquisition firsthand.
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλιλαίανGalileeAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationΓαλιλαία (acc. Γαλιλαίαν): 'Galilee'; the destination of Hiram's journey — the region of the twenty ceded cities.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (genitive articular infinitive marker, purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: governs the articular infinitive ἰδεῖν, expressing purpose ('in order to see').
ἰδεῖνto see / inspectAor Act Inf · ὁράω (εἶδον)articular infinitive of purpose (with τοῦ)→ constative aorist infinitive (purpose of the journey)ὁράω (aor. inf. ἰδεῖν): 'see / look at / inspect'; the purpose-infinitive τοῦ ἰδεῖν names the goal of Hiram's journey — to inspect his newly granted cities; his disappointment follows.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ἰδεῖν→ object specificationπόλις (acc. pl. πόλεις): 'city'; the twenty cities Hiram has come to inspect — the object of both his journey and his subsequent displeasure.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκεν)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. acc. pl. ἅς): relative pronoun; antecedent πόλεις; introduces the relative clause recalling Solomon's gift.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the prior gift)δίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκεν): 'give'; recalls the gift of v. 11; the repeated δίδωμι binds the giving (v. 11), the inspection (v. 12), and Hiram's reproach (v. 13) together.
αὐτῷhimDativedative indirect object (Hiram as recipient)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (Hiram as recipient).
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject of ἔδωκεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; subject of the relative clause's verb ἔδωκεν.
καὶand / butcoordinate conjunction (adversative force in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here with mildly adversative force ('but'), introducing the disappointing result of the inspection.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἤρεσαν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρεσανthey pleasedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀρέσκωmain verb (the cities' failure to please)→ constative aorist (the negative reaction)ἀρέσκω (aor. ἤρεσαν): 'please / be pleasing to'; renders יָשַׁר בְּעֵינֵי ('be right in the eyes of'); the negation 'they did not please him' registers Hiram's disappointment with the cities, motivating his reproach and the naming of v. 13.
αὐτῷhimDativedative with ἀρέσκω (the one not pleased)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: dative governed by ἀρέσκω ('please' takes the dative of the person pleased); Hiram is the displeased party.
13

καὶ εἶπεν τί αἱ πόλεις αὗται ἃς ἔδωκάς μοι ἀδελφέ καὶ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτάς ὅριον ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης

And he said, 'What are these cities which you have given me, brother?' And he called them 'Boundary' to this day.

Hiram's reproach and the naming etiologyκαὶ εἶπεν
Hiram's reproachful question ('What are these cities, brother?') expresses his disappointment, and the verse closes with an etiological naming: he called them Ὅριον ('Boundary'), the LXX's rendering of the Hebrew name Cabul (כָּבוּל), preserved 'to this day.' The address ἀδελφέ ('brother') reflects the parity-treaty language between allied kings.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (Hiram's utterance)λέγω (aor. εἶπεν): 'say'; introduces Hiram's reproachful direct speech to Solomon.
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate of the question)→ participant referenceτίς (neut. τί): interrogative 'what?'; τί αἱ πόλεις αὗται ('what are these cities?') is a dismissive rhetorical question expressing Hiram's contempt for the gift — a Hebraizing nominal question without a copula.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of the nominal question→ participant prominenceπόλις (nom. pl. πόλεις): 'city'; the subject of Hiram's disparaging question — 'these cities' that have so disappointed him.
αὗταιtheseNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying πόλεις)→ participant prominenceοὗτος (fem. nom. pl. αὗται): 'these'; the deictic 'these cities' points contemptuously at the gift Hiram has just inspected.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκάς)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. acc. pl. ἅς): relative pronoun; antecedent πόλεις; introduces the clause recalling Solomon's giving.
ἔδωκάςyou have givenAor Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (2nd person address to Solomon)→ constative aorist (the gift, now reproached)δίδωμι (aor. ἔδωκας): 'give'; the second-person 'which you gave me' turns Solomon's giving (vv. 11–12) into the object of complaint; the repeated δίδωμι is the verbal thread of the whole transaction.
μοιmeDativedative indirect object (Hiram as recipient)→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (Hiram as recipient).
ἀδελφέbrotherVocativevocative of address (king-to-king parity term)→ direct addressἀδελφός (voc. ἀδελφέ): 'brother'; renders אָח; the vocative 'brother' is the conventional diplomatic address between allied sovereigns of equal rank (cf. ancient Near Eastern parity treaties); its courteous form heightens the irony of the reproach it frames.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the naming)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενhe calledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb (etiological naming)→ constative aorist (the act of naming)καλέω (aor. ἐκάλεσεν): 'call / name'; the standard verb of etiological naming in the LXX; here Hiram (or the narrator) gives the region its lasting name in consequence of the disappointing gift.
αὐτάςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐκάλεσεν (the cities)→ participant referenceαὐτάς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐκάλεσεν (the cities).
ὅριονBoundaryAccusativepredicate accusative (the name given: 'Boundary')→ object specificationὅριον: 'boundary / border / region'; here used as a proper name, the LXX's rendering of the Hebrew place-name Cabul (כָּבוּל, 1 Kgs 9:13); the Greek translator evidently understood or substituted 'Boundary/border-land' for the obscure Hebrew name (which the Hebrew narrator linked to 'as nothing / good-for-nothing'); the predicate accusative names what the cities were called.
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal extent)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / up to'; ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day') is a standard etiological formula marking the persistence of the name to the narrator's own time.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal limit)→ relational specificationἡμέρα (gen. ἡμέρας): 'day'; the etiological 'to this day' (ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης) renders עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, vouching for the enduring currency of the name.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἡμέρας)→ relational specificationοὗτος (fem. gen. ταύτης): 'this'; completes the etiological formula 'to this day,' the narrator's vouching for the name's persistence.
14

καὶ ἤνεγκεν Χιραμ τῷ Σαλωμων ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι τάλαντα χρυσίου

And Hiram brought to Solomon a hundred and twenty talents of gold.

Conclusion of the Hiram transaction: the gift of goldκαὶ ἤνεγκεν Χιραμ
Despite his displeasure, Hiram sends Solomon a hundred and twenty talents of gold — the same figure as the Ophir gold of v. 28, forming a numerical inclusio around the two gold-acquisitions of the chapter's latter half. The gift closes the Tyre-section on a note of continued alliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκενbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωmain verb (Hiram's gift of gold)→ constative aorist (the conveyance of gold)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκεν): 'bring / carry / bear'; here of conveying the gold to Solomon; the same verb recurs (ἤνεγκαν) at v. 28 of the Ophir gold, linking the two gold-deliveries.
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; subject of ἤνεγκεν — Hiram the giver of the gold.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative, with Σαλωμων)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: the dative article marks the case of indeclinable Σαλωμων ('to Solomon').
ΣαλωμωνSolomonDativedative indirect object (recipient of the gold)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; dative recipient of the gold, marked by τῷ.
ἑκατὸνhundredindeclinable numeral (with τάλαντα)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'hundred'; indeclinable cardinal; part of the figure 'a hundred and twenty talents,' identical to the Ophir total at v. 28.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral (with ἑκατόν: 'a hundred and twenty')→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable; ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι ('120') is the talent-figure, matching the Ophir gold of v. 28 and forming a numerical inclusio.
τάλανταtalentsAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκεν (the quantity of gold)→ object specificationτάλαντον (acc. pl. τάλαντα): 'talent'; renders כִּכָּר; the largest weight-unit, here of gold; 120 talents is an enormous sum, signaling the great wealth flowing into Solomon's reign.
χρυσίουof goldGenitivegenitive of material (defining τάλαντα: 'talents of gold')→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen. χρυσίου): 'gold'; the genitive of material specifies the talents as gold; gold is the chapter's recurring measure of wealth (vv. 11, 14, 28).
26

καὶ ναῦν ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐποίησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων ἐν Γασιωνγαβερ τὴν οὖσαν ἐχομένην Αιλαθ ἐπὶ τοῦ χείλους τῆς ἐσχάτης θαλάσσης ἐν γῇ Εδωμ

And a ship which King Solomon built at Ezion-geber, which is near Ailath, on the shore of the farthest sea in the land of Edom.

New section (after the gap vv. 15–25): the maritime ventureκαὶ ναῦν
After the gap in which vv. 15–25 are absent from the Greek tradition, the narrative resumes with Solomon's naval enterprise. The ship (fleet) is built at Ezion-geber (Γασιωνγαβερ) beside Ailath on the Red Sea ('the farthest sea') in Edom. The syntax is somewhat loose (the accusative ναῦν is left grammatically pendent, picked up by the relative ὑπὲρ οὗ), reflecting the seam where the LXX rejoins the Hebrew narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming after the gap)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: resumes the narrative after the absence of vv. 15–25 in the Greek; introduces the naval enterprise.
ναῦνship / fleetAccusativependent accusative (loosely construed, resumed by ὑπὲρ οὗ)→ object specificationναῦς (acc. ναῦν): 'ship'; renders אֳנִי ('fleet'); a rare LXX word (the classical word for ship, mostly displaced by πλοῖον); here collective for the fleet Solomon built; the accusative stands somewhat pendent at the head of the resumed section.
ὑπὲρwhich / concerningpreposition + genitive (loose connective with relative)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + gen.: 'over / concerning'; the phrase ὑπὲρ οὗ functions loosely as a relative connective ('a ship, regarding which...'), a somewhat awkward construction at the narrative seam.
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive with ὑπέρ)→ relational specificationὅς (gen. οὗ): relative pronoun; with ὑπέρ forms the loose relative link to ναῦν.
ἐποίησενbuilt / madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (Solomon's shipbuilding)→ constative aorist (the construction of the fleet)ποιέω (aor. ἐποίησεν): 'make / build'; here of constructing a ship/fleet; the same verb's range (build, do, make) recurs across the chapter (vv. 1, 8, 26).
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (Solomon as 'the king')→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων ('King Solomon') with the title before the name emphasizes royal initiative in the maritime enterprise.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject in apposition to ὁ βασιλεύς (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; in apposition to ὁ βασιλεύς.
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΓασιωνγαβερEzion-geberobject of ἐν (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΓασιωνγαβερ: transliteration of Hebrew עֶצְיוֹן גֶּבֶר (Ezion-geber); indeclinable; the port at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba, the shipyard of Solomon's Red Sea fleet.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with the participle οὖσαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖσανbeing / which isPres Act Ptc Acc Sg Fem · εἰμίattributive participle (describing the location: 'which is')→ durative present participle (existing state)εἰμί (pres. ptc. fem. acc. οὖσαν): 'being / which is'; the participle introduces a locating relative-equivalent clause ('which is near Ailath'); the feminine agrees with an understood reference to the place/port.
ἐχομένηνadjoining / nearPres Mid Ptc Acc Sg Fem · ἔχωpredicate participle (with οὖσαν: 'being adjacent to')→ durative present participle (proximity)ἔχω (pres. mid. ptc. ἐχομένην): the middle ἔχομαι + genitive means 'be next to / adjoin / border on'; ἐχομένην Αιλαθ = 'adjoining Ailath / near Ailath'; an idiomatic LXX expression of geographical proximity.
ΑιλαθAilath / Elathobject of ἐχομένην (indeclinable place name, genitive sense)→ participant identificationΑιλαθ: transliteration of Hebrew אֵילוֹת / אֵילַת (Elath/Eloth); indeclinable; the port adjacent to Ezion-geber at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba; the object of ἐχομένην ('adjoining Ailath').
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλουςshore / lipGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location: 'on the shore')→ relational specificationχεῖλος (gen. χείλους): 'lip / edge / shore'; renders שָׂפָה ('lip / edge'); 'the lip/edge of the sea' = the seashore; the idiom locates the port precisely on the coast.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσχάτηςfarthest / lastGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying θαλάσσης)→ relational specificationἔσχατος: 'last / farthest / uttermost'; ἡ ἐσχάτη θάλασσα ('the farthest sea') denotes the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba), the distant southern waters at the edge of Solomon's realm; renders the Hebrew יָם סוּף region.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive (defining χείλους: 'shore of the sea')→ relational specificationθάλασσα (gen. θαλάσσης): 'sea'; renders יָם; here the Red Sea (the 'farthest sea'), the maritime gateway to Ophir and the southern gold-trade.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ (dat. γῇ): 'land'; the territory in which Ezion-geber lay — the land of Edom, to Israel's south.
ΕδωμEdomgenitive of place (indeclinable: 'land of Edom')→ participant identificationΕδωμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱדוֹם; indeclinable; the region south/southeast of Judah controlling access to the Gulf of Aqaba; Solomon's control of Edom enabled the Red Sea fleet.
27

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Χιραμ ἐν τῇ νηὶ τῶν παίδων αὐτοῦ ἄνδρας ναυτικοὺς ἐλαύνειν εἰδότας θάλασσαν μετὰ τῶν παίδων Σαλωμων

And Hiram sent in the ship some of his servants, sailing men who knew the sea, together with the servants of Solomon.

Hiram's contribution of experienced seamenκαὶ ἀπέστειλεν Χιραμ
Hiram supplements Solomon's venture with his own Phoenician sailors — experienced seamen who 'know the sea' — alongside Solomon's servants. The Tyrian maritime expertise is the indispensable complement to Israelite landlubbers, continuing the cooperative theme of the Tyre-alliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (Hiram's dispatch of sailors)→ constative aorist (the sending)ἀποστέλλω (aor. ἀπέστειλεν): 'send / dispatch'; renders שָׁלַח; Hiram sends his seamen to join the joint expedition; the standard LXX verb for commissioning agents on a mission.
ΧιραμHiramsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧιραμ: indeclinable; subject of ἀπέστειλεν.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the ship')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the ship').
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νηὶshipDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the ship')→ sphere or referenceναῦς (dat. νηί): 'ship'; the dative of the same rare noun introduced at v. 26 (ναῦν); 'in the ship/fleet' the seamen are dispatched.
τῶνof the / some of theGenitivearticle (partitive genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παίδωνservantsGenitivepartitive genitive ('some of his servants')→ relational specificationπαῖς (gen. pl. παίδων): 'servant / attendant / boy'; renders עֶבֶד; here Hiram's royal servants (sailors); the partitive genitive denotes 'some of his servants' sent on the expedition.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Hiram's servants)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Hiram's servants).
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν (in apposition to the servants)→ object specificationἀνήρ (acc. pl. ἄνδρας): 'man'; renders אֲנָשִׁים; the direct object of the sending — 'sailing men' specified by the following adjectives; in apposition to the partitive 'his servants.'
ναυτικοὺςseafaring / sailorAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἄνδρας)→ object specificationναυτικός: 'seafaring / nautical / sailor'; renders אֳנִיּוֹת / מַלָּחִים (mariners); 'sailing men' — the professional Phoenician seamen whose naval skill the Israelites lacked.
ἐλαύνεινto row / drivePres Act Inf · ἐλαύνωcomplementary/epexegetic infinitive (defining the sailors' task)→ durative present infinitive (the activity of rowing/sailing)ἐλαύνω: 'drive / row / propel (a ship)'; the infinitive 'to row/sail' defines the seamen's function — they man the oars/propel the vessel; technical maritime vocabulary.
εἰδόταςknowingPerf Act Ptc Acc Pl Masc · οἶδαattributive participle (modifying ἄνδρας: 'who knew the sea')→ stative perfect participle (settled expertise)οἶδα (perf. ptc. εἰδότας): 'know'; the perfect with present force; 'men knowing the sea' = experienced, expert mariners; the stative perfect denotes their settled, possessed knowledge of seafaring — the very expertise Solomon's own men lacked.
θάλασσανseaAccusativedirect object of εἰδότας (the object of their knowledge)→ object specificationθάλασσα (acc. θάλασσαν): 'sea'; the object of the sailors' expert knowledge; 'knowing the sea' marks them as seasoned navigators of the dangerous Red Sea route.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with / together with'; the Tyrian sailors serve alongside Solomon's own men — a joint Israelite-Phoenician crew.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παίδωνservantsGenitivegenitive object of μετά (Solomon's servants)→ relational specificationπαῖς (gen. pl. παίδων): 'servant'; here Solomon's own men, who accompany Hiram's expert seamen; the joint crew embodies the Tyre-Israel cooperation that drives the gold-trade.
Σαλωμωνof Solomongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Solomon's servants')→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; here genitive of possession defining the servants ('the servants of Solomon').
28

καὶ ἦλθον εἰς Σωφηρα καὶ ἔλαβον ἐκεῖθεν χρυσίου ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι τάλαντα καὶ ἤνεγκαν τῷ βασιλεῖ Σαλωμων

And they came to Sophera and took from there a hundred and twenty talents of gold, and brought it to King Solomon.

Conclusion: the gold of Ophir delivered to Solomonκαὶ ἦλθον
The chapter closes with the successful return of the expedition: the joint crew reaches Sophera (Ophir) and brings back a hundred and twenty talents of gold to Solomon — the same figure as Hiram's gift at v. 14, framing the latter half of the chapter with the wealth-motif. The gold flowing to Solomon's throne stands as the visible sign of the prosperity promised to obedience, even as the conditional warning of vv. 6–9 hangs over the dynasty's future.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (the expedition's arrival)→ constative aorist (the completed voyage)ἔρχομαι (aor. ἦλθον): 'come / go'; renders בּוֹא; the crew's arrival at Ophir — the goal of the voyage and the source of the gold.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΣωφηραSophera / Ophirobject of εἰς (indeclinable place name: destination)→ participant identificationΣωφηρα: the LXX's rendering of Hebrew אוֹפִיר (Ophir); indeclinable; the fabled gold-land reached by the Red Sea fleet, source of the finest gold (cf. 3 Kgdms 10:11; Ps 44:10 LXX); its exact location (Arabia, East Africa, or India) remains debated.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβονthey tookAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (acquisition of the gold)→ constative aorist (the taking)λαμβάνω (aor. ἔλαβον): 'take / receive / acquire'; renders לָקַח; the crew acquires the gold from Ophir — whether by trade or tribute, the text simply records the taking.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (source: 'from there')→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: 'from there / thence'; the locative adverb points back to Sophera/Ophir as the source of the gold.
χρυσίουof goldGenitivegenitive of material (defining τάλαντα: 'talents of gold')→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen. χρυσίου): 'gold'; the genitive of material; Ophir's gold was proverbial for its purity and value; the chapter's wealth-motif (vv. 11, 14, 28) culminates here.
ἑκατὸνhundredindeclinable numeral (with τάλαντα)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'hundred'; indeclinable cardinal; part of the figure '120 talents,' identical to Hiram's gift at v. 14.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral (with ἑκατόν: 'a hundred and twenty')→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable; the figure ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι ('120') talents matches Hiram's gift (v. 14), framing the chapter's gold-acquisitions in a numerical inclusio.
τάλανταtalentsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβον (the quantity taken)→ object specificationτάλαντον (acc. pl. τάλαντα): 'talent'; the weight-unit; 120 talents of Ophir gold is an immense treasure, signaling the apex of Solomon's prosperity.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (delivery of the gold to Solomon)→ constative aorist (the conveyance)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): 'bring / carry'; the same verb as Hiram's gift at v. 14 (ἤνεγκεν); the gold is brought to Solomon, completing the chapter's flow of wealth toward the throne.
τῷto theDativearticle (dative, with βασιλεῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingDativedative indirect object (Solomon as recipient)→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. βασιλεῖ): 'king'; the gold is brought 'to King Solomon' — the chapter closes, as it began (v. 1, 'the house of the king'), with royal focus, the throne now enriched by the Ophir gold.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonDativedative in apposition to βασιλεῖ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; in apposition to τῷ βασιλεῖ ('to King Solomon'); the chapter's final word, fittingly the name of the king whose reign it has chronicled — promise, warning, alliance, and wealth all converging on his throne.