Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Fourth Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 10ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Δ′ Ι′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Jehu completes his bloody purge of Ahab's house and Baal's cult, yet stops short of full covenant fidelity.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 4 Kingdoms 10 (= 2 Kings 10 MT) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The chapter narrates the completion of Jehu's revolution. It opens with two rounds of letters to the rulers, elders, and guardians (τιθηνοί) of Samaria, demanding first their allegiance and then the heads of Ahab's seventy sons (ἑβδομήκοντα υἱοί); the heads are sent in baskets (κάρταλλοι) and stacked in two heaps (βουνοὺς δύο) at the gate of Jezreel (vv. 1–11). Jehu then slaughters the relatives of Ahaziah of Judah at Baithakad (vv. 12–14), meets Jehonadab son of Rechab and tests his loyalty ('is your heart right with my heart?', εἰ ἔστιν καρδία σου … εὐθεῖα), taking him up onto the chariot to 'see my zeal for the LORD' (ἐν τῷ ζηλῶσαί με τῷ κυρίῳ Σαβαωθ, vv. 15–17). The chapter's centerpiece is the great ruse: Jehu feigns devotion to Baal ('Ahab served Baal a little, Jehu will serve him much'), summons all the prophets, priests, and servants of Baal to a solemn assembly (ἱερείαν τῷ Βααλ), fills the temple 'mouth to mouth' (στόμα εἰς στόμα), and once the burnt offerings are completed has his runners and officers put them all to the sword; the pillar and temple of Baal are demolished and made into a latrine (εἰς λυτρῶνας) to this day (vv. 18–28). The chapter closes with the theological assessment: Jehu did not turn from the golden calves (αἱ δαμάλεις αἱ χρυσαῖ) of Jeroboam at Bethel and Dan, yet for his zeal against Ahab's house the LORD grants him four generations on the throne of Israel (υἱοὶ τέταρτοι); in his days Hazael (Αζαηλ) begins to cut off Israel's Transjordanian territory; and Jehu sleeps with his fathers, succeeded by Jehoahaz (vv. 29–36). The translation 'LORD' renders κύριος where it stands for the Tetragrammaton (vv. 10, 16, 17, 23, 30, 31, 32); the same word is rendered 'master / lord' where it denotes the human king Ahab/Joram ('the sons of your master', vv. 2, 3, 6; 'my master', v. 9).

1

καὶ τῷ Αχααβ ἑβδομήκοντα υἱοὶ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ καὶ ἔγραψεν Ιου βιβλίον καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας Σαμαρείας καὶ πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους καὶ πρὸς τοὺς τιθηνοὺς υἱῶν Αχααβ λέγων

Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote a letter and sent it to Samaria, to the rulers of Samaria and to the elders and to the guardians of Ahab's sons, saying:

New narrative scene: setting (circumstantial nominal clause) plus opening actionκαὶ τῷ Αχααβ
The chapter opens with a verbless circumstantial clause (καὶ τῷ Αχααβ ἑβδομήκοντα υἱοί, a possessive dative construction = 'Ahab had seventy sons') that supplies the indispensable datum for the whole episode, before the main narrative verbs ἔγραψεν … ἀπέστειλεν launch Jehu's letter-campaign. The triple πρός (rulers / elders / guardians) lists every power-broker who could shelter a surviving heir.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶnow / andnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis, scene-opening)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the LXX renders the Hebrew waw consecutive paratactically; here it opens a new narrative unit, functioning almost like 'now' to introduce the background datum.
τῷto / forDativearticle (possessive dative with Αχααβ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑχααβAhabpossessive dative (indeclinable: 'Ahab had')→ participant identificationΑχααβ: transliteration of Hebrew אַחְאָב; indeclinable in the LXX; the dative τῷ Αχααβ with an understood copula renders the Hebrew possessive idiom 'to Ahab (belonged) seventy sons.'
ἑβδομήκονταseventynumeral (indeclinable, attributive to υἱοί)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable numeral; the 'seventy sons' is a round number of dynastic fullness (cf. the seventy sons of Gideon/Jerubbaal, Judg 9:2) whose total destruction signals the extinction of Ahab's line.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of the verbless possessive clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; here the descendants of Ahab whose existence threatens Jehu's seizure of the throne.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (locative: 'in Samaria')→ sphere or referenceΣαμάρεια: the capital of the northern kingdom, Ahab's dynastic seat; declined as a first-declension noun in the LXX; the royal sons reside in the fortified capital.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγραψενwroteAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (first narrative action)→ constative aorist (single completed act)γράφω: 'write'; renders כָּתַב; the written βιβλίον (letter) is the instrument of Jehu's psychological warfare — a public dare that forces the Samarian leaders' hand.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: transliteration of Hebrew יֵהוּא (Jehu); indeclinable in the LXX; the army-commander anointed king (ch. 9), now consolidating his coup.
βιβλίονa letter / documentAccusativedirect object of ἔγραψεν→ object specificationβιβλίον: 'document / letter / scroll'; renders סֵפֶר; here an official dispatch; the same noun recurs as the subject of v. 2 ('when this letter comes') and v. 7.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (second narrative action)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send / dispatch'; renders שָׁלַח; the verb governs the delivery of the letter to the three groups named below.
ἐνin / topreposition + dative (locative used for goal: 'into Samaria')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here with verbs of sending the LXX uses ἐν + dative for the goal, a Hebraizing locative-for-directional usage rendering בְּ.
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (goal of sending)→ sphere or referenceΣαμαρείᾳ: meaning 'Samaria'; it serves as dative of place (goal of sending).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipients)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipients).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςrulersAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (first group of recipients)→ object specificationἄρχων: 'ruler / official / chief'; renders שַׂר; the civic and military leaders of the capital, the men with the power to enthrone or surrender a royal heir.
Σαμαρείαςof SamariaGenitivegenitive of place (modifying ἄρχοντας: 'rulers of Samaria')→ relational specificationΣαμαρείας: meaning 'of Samaria'; it serves as genitive of place (modifying ἄρχοντας: 'rulers of Samaria').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (second group)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (second group).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςeldersAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (second group of recipients)→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; renders זָקֵן; the traditional council of communal leaders, holders of social authority alongside the royal officials.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (third group)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (third group).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τιθηνοὺςguardians / foster-fathersAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (third group of recipients)→ object specificationτιθηνός: 'nurse / foster-parent / guardian'; renders אֹמֵן ('one who supports/rears'); the men entrusted with the upbringing of the royal sons, hence those directly responsible for the seventy heirs Jehu intends to destroy.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (modifying τιθηνούς: 'guardians of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'of the sons'; it serves as genitive (modifying τιθηνούς: 'guardians of the sons').
Αχααβof Ahabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'Ahab's sons')→ participant identificationΑχααβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'Ahab's sons').
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech, Hebraism for לֵאמֹר)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (pres. part.): the nominative participle λέγων renders the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר, the standard LXX formula introducing the content of a written or spoken message.
2

καὶ νῦν ὡς ἐὰν ἔλθῃ τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο πρὸς ὑμᾶς μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν καὶ μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν τὸ ἅρμα καὶ οἱ ἵπποι καὶ πόλεις ὀχυραὶ καὶ τὰ ὅπλα

And now, as soon as this letter comes to you — with you are the sons of your master, and with you the chariot and the horses and fortified cities and the weapons —

Body of the letter: protasis setting up the challenge (vv. 2–3)καὶ νῦν
καὶ νῦν ('and now') is the standard LXX epistolary/rhetorical transition (Hebrew וְעַתָּה) moving from address to demand. The ὡς ἐάν + subjunctive clause ('as soon as this letter comes') frames the conditions, and the doubled μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ('with you …') enumerates every resource the Samarians possess for resistance — heirs, chariotry, cavalry, fortifications, and arms — a rhetorical setup that makes their eventual surrender all the more abject.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandconjunction (epistolary transition with νῦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (rhetorical transition marker)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; the combination καὶ νῦν renders Hebrew וְעַתָּה, the conventional hinge from premise to demand in letters and speeches.
ὡςas / whentemporal-comparative conjunction (with ἐάν: 'as soon as')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: here combined with ἐάν to form a temporal protasis ('as soon as / whenever'), taking the subjunctive ἔλθῃ.
ἐὰνif / everconditional particle (with ὡς, governing subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: conditional particle; with ὡς it gives an indefinite temporal sense, 'whenever / as soon as.'
ἔλθῃcomesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of temporal-conditional clause (subjunctive after ὡς ἐάν)→ aorist subjunctive (anticipated arrival)ἔρχομαι: 'come / arrive'; the aorist subjunctive views the letter's arrival as a single future event upon which the demand becomes operative.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονletterNominativesubject of ἔλθῃ→ participant prominenceβιβλίον: 'letter / document'; the very dispatch the recipients are reading, here referred to self-reflexively ('this letter').
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying βιβλίον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the deictic τοῦτο points to the document in hand, lending the demand immediacy.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipients)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipients).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (2nd person plural)→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (2nd person plural).
μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; the phrase μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ('with you / at your disposal') here lists the assets available to the Samarians.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of the verbless clause ('the sons … are with you')→ participant prominenceυἱός: the royal heirs; their availability is listed first among the Samarians' assets — they could enthrone one of them as a rival king.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουmasterGenitivegenitive of relationship (human master: the late king)→ relational specificationκύριος: here 'master / lord' in the human sense, referring to the deceased king (Ahab's dynasty / Joram); 'the sons of your master' = the surviving royal heirs; not the Tetragrammaton in this context.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying κυρίου)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying κυρίου).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, repeated)→ spatial or relational framingμεθ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment, repeated).
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρμαchariot / chariotryNominativesubject (second asset listed)→ participant prominenceἅρμα: 'chariot'; renders רֶכֶב; collective for the war-chariotry, a key military asset; its mention underscores the resources the Samarians could in principle deploy against Jehu.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵπποιhorsesNominativesubject (third asset listed)→ participant prominenceἵππος: 'horse'; renders סוּס; the cavalry/chariot-horses, a further military resource.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject (fourth asset listed)→ participant prominenceπόλις: 'city'; renders עִיר; the fortified strongholds from which resistance could be mounted.
ὀχυραὶfortifiedNominativeattributive adjective (modifying πόλεις)→ participant prominenceὀχυρός: 'strong / fortified'; renders מִבְצָר / בָּצוּר; 'fortified cities' emphasises defensibility, heightening the irony that such resources will not be used.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅπλαweapons / armorNominativesubject (fifth and final asset listed)→ participant prominenceὅπλον (pl. ὅπλα): 'weapon / armor / arms'; renders נֶשֶׁק; the armory completes the inventory of military means — heirs, chariotry, cavalry, fortifications, and arms — all of which the terrified Samarians will decline to use.
3

καὶ ὄψεσθε τὸν ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸν εὐθῆ ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν καὶ καταστήσετε αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ πολεμεῖτε ὑπὲρ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν

then look out the best and most upright among the sons of your master, and set him on the throne of his father, and fight for the house of your master.

Apodosis of the challenge: the dare to enthrone a rival and fight (completes vv. 2–3)καὶ ὄψεσθε
The three future/imperatival verbs (ὄψεσθε … καταστήσετε … πολεμεῖτε) form Jehu's ironic dare: choose the best heir, enthrone him, and go to war for the dynasty. The bravado is a calculated provocation; Jehu knows the leaders will not dare to fight the man who has already killed two kings (v. 4).
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶand / thenconjunction (apodosis marker)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψεσθεlook out / selectFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (future with imperatival force)→ imperatival future (command framed as prediction)ὁράω (fut. mid. ὄψομαι): 'see / look out / select'; here 'look out / pick out the best' (rendering רָאָה in the sense of choosing); the future has directive force, opening the ironic dare.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing ἀγαθόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὸνgood / best oneAccusativesubstantivized adjective (direct object of ὄψεσθε)→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good / fit / best'; renders טוֹב; substantivized, 'the good/fit one' — the most suitable royal candidate.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing εὐθῆ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθῆupright oneAccusativesubstantivized adjective (second object of ὄψεσθε)→ object specificationεὐθύς: 'straight / upright / fit'; renders יָשָׁר; paired with ἀγαθός, 'the upright one,' i.e. the candidate best qualified to rule.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (partitive: 'among')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: 'among'; partitive use locating the chosen heir within the pool of royal sons.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative object of ἐν (partitive: 'among the sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: the royal heirs from whom a candidate is to be chosen.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουmasterGenitivegenitive of relationship (human master: the late king)→ relational specificationκύριος: human 'master / lord' (the deceased king); 'the sons of your master' again denotes the royal heirs, not the Tetragrammaton.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταστήσετεyou shall set / appointFut Act Indic 2 Pl · καθίστημιmain verb (future with imperatival force)→ imperatival future (command)καθίστημι: 'set / appoint / establish'; renders שִׂים / קוּם (Hiphil); the technical verb for enthronement — 'set him on the throne of his father.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of καταστήσετε (the chosen heir)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of καταστήσετε (the chosen heir).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (goal: 'onto the throne')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal: 'onto the throne').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνονthroneAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (goal of enthronement)→ object specificationθρόνος: 'throne'; renders כִּסֵּא; the dynastic seat of Ahab's house, which Jehu dares them to fill with a rival.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying θρόνον)→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָב; 'the throne of his father' marks the dynastic legitimacy at stake.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying πατρός)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying πατρός).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολεμεῖτεfight / wage warPres Act Impv 2 Pl · πολεμέωmain verb (present imperative completing the dare)→ durative present imperative (sustained warfare commanded)πολεμέω: 'make war / fight'; renders לָחַם (Niphal); the imperative 'fight for the house of your master' is the climax of the ironic challenge — Jehu invites them to defend a doomed dynasty.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofpreposition + genitive (advantage: 'on behalf of')→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + gen.: 'for / on behalf of'; marks the object of defense, the dynastic house.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive object of ὑπέρ (the dynastic 'house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / household / dynasty'; renders בַּיִת; 'the house of your master' = the royal dynasty of Ahab, the very lineage Jehu is exterminating.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουmasterGenitivegenitive of relationship (human master)→ relational specificationκύριος: again human 'master / lord' (the late king), not the divine name.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
4

καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα καὶ εἶπον ἰδοὺ οἱ δύο βασιλεῖς οὐκ ἔστησαν κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ πῶς στησόμεθα ἡμεῖς

But they were exceedingly afraid and said, 'Behold, the two kings did not stand before him; and how shall we stand?'

Narrative response: the Samarians' terror and capitulation-reasoningκαὶ ἐφοβήθησαν
The recipients' reaction inverts the dare: instead of fighting, they reason a fortiori — if 'the two kings' (Joram of Israel and Ahaziah of Judah, both killed in ch. 9) could not withstand Jehu, neither can they. The rhetorical question πῶς στησόμεθα ἡμεῖς ('how shall we stand?') with emphatic ἡμεῖς seals their surrender.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶbut / andnarrative conjunction (adversative in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθησανthey were afraidAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb (emotional response)→ ingressive aorist (became afraid)φοβέομαι: 'fear / be afraid'; renders יָרֵא; the deponent aorist passive describes the Samarian leaders' onset of dread, the decisive psychological factor in their capitulation.
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degree (intensifying ἐφοβήθησαν)→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'very / exceedingly'; standard LXX rendering of מְאֹד; intensifies their terror to the point of total submission.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον/εἶπαν): 'say'; introduces the leaders' direct speech of self-justified surrender.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (attention-marker)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; an attention-getting particle introducing the a fortiori argument.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, attributive to βασιλεῖς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable; 'the two kings' refers to Joram of Israel and Ahaziah of Judah, both slain by Jehu in ch. 9.
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativesubject of ἔστησαν→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the two already-fallen monarchs whose fate proves resistance to Jehu is futile.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἔστησαν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησανstood / withstoodAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb (within the leaders' speech)→ constative aorist (failure to withstand)ἵστημι (aor. ἔστησαν): 'stand / withstand'; here intransitive 'stand (their ground) / withstand'; the negated aorist states the two kings could not resist Jehu, grounding the a fortiori inference.
κατὰbefore / againstpreposition + accusative (with πρόσωπον: 'before')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: in the idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'before / in the face of,' rendering לִפְנֵי; denotes confrontation.
πρόσωπονface / presenceAccusativeaccusative in prepositional idiom (κατὰ πρόσωπον)→ spatial or relational framingπρόσωπον: 'face'; renders פָּנִים; the Hebraism κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ = 'before him / in his presence,' i.e. in confrontation with Jehu.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive (with πρόσωπον: 'before him' — Jehu)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive (with πρόσωπον: 'before him' — Jehu).
καὶandconjunction (introducing rhetorical question)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῶςhowinterrogative adverb (rhetorical)→ clausal contributionπῶς: 'how?'; introduces the rhetorical question expecting the answer 'we cannot,' renders אֵיךְ.
στησόμεθαshall we standFut Mid Indic 1 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb of rhetorical question→ deliberative/predictive future (expecting negative answer)ἵστημι (fut. mid. στήσομαι): 'stand / withstand'; the future-middle 'shall we withstand?' completes the a fortiori reasoning and signals capitulation.
ἡμεῖςweNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceἐγώ (pl. ἡμεῖς): the emphatic 'we' contrasts the weak leaders with the kings who already fell — if monarchs could not stand, certainly they cannot.
5

καὶ ἀπέστειλαν οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ τιθηνοὶ πρὸς Ιου λέγοντες παῖδές σου ἡμεῖς καὶ ὅσα ἐὰν εἴπῃς πρὸς ἡμᾶς ποιήσομεν οὐ βασιλεύσομεν ἄνδρα τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ποιήσομεν

So the steward of the house and the governor of the city and the elders and the guardians sent to Jehu, saying, 'We are your servants, and whatever you tell us we will do; we will make no man king; do what is good in your eyes.'

Narrative reply: the leaders' total submission to Jehuκαὶ ἀπέστειλαν
The four authorities (overseer of the palace, overseer of the city, elders, guardians) capitulate completely. Their message — παῖδές σου ἡμεῖς ('we are your servants'), the refusal to enthrone anyone, and the carte blanche τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ποιήσομεν ('we will do what is good in your eyes') — places the seventy heirs entirely at Jehu's mercy, setting up the second letter.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶso / andnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'so'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλανthey sentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (reply dispatched)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; renders שָׁלַח; the leaders send their message of surrender back to Jehu.
οἱthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the prepositional phrase ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (authority: 'over the house')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'over / in charge of'; the idiom ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου renders אֲשֶׁר עַל הַבַּיִת, 'the one over the household,' i.e. the palace steward/major-domo.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the palace administered)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / palace'; here the royal household; ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου is the chief steward.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (authority: 'over the city')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως = the city-governor/commandant, the official with authority over Samaria.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the city governed)→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; here Samaria, governed by the official just named.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersNominativesubject (third group of senders)→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; the communal leaders, as in v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τιθηνοὶguardiansNominativesubject (fourth group of senders)→ participant prominenceτιθηνός: 'guardian / foster-father' (cf. v. 1); the men rearing the royal sons, now formally renouncing them.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΙουJehuaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, recipient of the surrender message.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Part Nom Pl Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech)→ progressive participleλέγω (pres. part.): the nominative plural λέγοντες renders Hebrew לֵאמֹר, introducing the content of the reply.
παῖδέςservantsNominativepredicate nominative (in verbless clause 'we are your servants')→ participant prominenceπαῖς: 'servant / slave / child'; renders עֶבֶד; the self-designation παῖδές σου ('your servants') is a formula of total submission to a superior.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying παῖδες)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying παῖδες).
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject of the verbless clause→ participant referenceἐγώ (pl. ἡμεῖς): 'we'; the explicit pronoun in the verbless clause 'we (are) your servants' stresses the speakers' self-subordination.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἴπῃς and ποιήσομεν: 'whatever')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; the neuter plural ὅσα = 'whatever things,' the open-ended object of obedience.
ἐὰνeverconditional particle (with relative, governing subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: with the relative ὅσα forms an indefinite relative clause ('whatever you may say'), taking the subjunctive εἴπῃς.
εἴπῃςyou sayAor Act Subj 2 Sg · λέγωverb of indefinite relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (any future command)λέγω (aor. subj.): 'say / command'; the subjunctive after ὅσα ἐάν marks Jehu's commands as indefinite but certain to be obeyed.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient of command)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient of command).
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
ποιήσομενwe will doFut Act Indic 1 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (pledge of obedience)→ predictive future (committed compliance)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the pledge 'whatever you say we will do' is unconditional submission.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating βασιλεύσομεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεύσομενwe will make kingFut Act Indic 1 Pl · βασιλεύωmain verb (renunciation of a rival king)→ predictive future (refusal)βασιλεύω: normally 'be/become king,' here used causatively 'make (someone) king / set up a king,' rendering the Hiphil of מָלַךְ; the leaders refuse to enthrone any heir — the direct counter to Jehu's dare in v. 3.
ἄνδραa manAccusativedirect object of βασιλεύσομεν→ object specificationἀνήρ: 'man'; here 'no man' (with the preceding οὐ) — they will set up nobody as king.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing ἀγαθόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὸνgoodAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object of ποιήσομεν)→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good'; the idiom τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ('what is good in your eyes') renders הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֶיךָ, a formula granting another full discretion.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (idiom: 'in your eyes')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (idiom: 'in your eyes').
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative in Hebraistic idiom (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς: 'in the eyes/judgment of')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; renders עַיִן; the idiom ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου = 'in your sight / by your judgment.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς).
ποιήσομενwe will doFut Act Indic 1 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (final pledge, emphatic repetition)→ predictive futureποιέω: the repeated 'we will do' (forming an inclusio with the earlier ποιήσομεν) seals the leaders' surrender of all initiative to Jehu.
6

καὶ ἔγραψεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς βιβλίον δεύτερον λέγων εἰ ἐμοὶ ὑμεῖς καὶ τῆς φωνῆς μου ὑμεῖς εἰσακούετε λάβετε τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀνδρῶν τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ κυρίου ὑμῶν καὶ ἐνέγκατε πρός με ὡς ἡ ὥρα αὔριον εἰς Ιεζραελ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ βασιλέως ἦσαν ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρες οὗτοι ἁδροὶ τῆς πόλεως ἐξέτρεφον αὐτούς

Then he wrote to them a second letter, saying, 'If you are for me and you obey my voice, take the heads of the men, the sons of your master, and bring them to me by this time tomorrow at Jezreel.' Now the king's sons were seventy men; the nobles of the city were rearing them.

Second letter: the lethal demand, plus a narratorial note (v. 6b)καὶ ἔγραψεν
The βιβλίον δεύτερον raises the stakes from allegiance to bloodshed: the conditional εἰ ἐμοὶ ὑμεῖς … εἰσακούετε ('if you are for me … and obey') is followed by the brutal imperative λάβετε τὴν κεφαλὴν … ἐνέγκατε ('take the heads … bring them'). A narratorial aside (καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ … ἑβδομήκοντα) restates the number seventy and notes that the city's nobles (ἁδροί) were their foster-keepers — the very men now ordered to execute them.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶthen / andnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγραψενhe wroteAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb (second letter)→ constative aoristγράφω: 'write'; Jehu's second dispatch escalates the demand from submission to execution.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipients)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipients).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the Samarian leaders)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the Samarian leaders).
βιβλίονletterAccusativedirect object of ἔγραψεν→ object specificationβιβλίον: 'letter'; the second of the two dispatches that structure the scene.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying βιβλίον)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; renders שֵׁנִי; marks the escalation from the first letter to the lethal demand.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (pres. part.): λέγων = Hebrew לֵאמֹר, introducing the letter's content.
εἰifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if'; renders אִם; introduces the condition of allegiance on which the demand rests.
ἐμοὶfor me / mineDativedative of advantage/possession (predicate: 'on my side')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. ἐμοί): 'to/for me'; the verbless εἰ ἐμοὶ ὑμεῖς = 'if you are for me / on my side,' a formula of partisanship.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject of the verbless conditional clause→ participant referenceσύ (pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic 'you' frames the leaders' loyalty as the issue.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two protasis clauses)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of εἰσακούετε ('obey my voice')→ relational specificationφωνή: 'voice'; renders קוֹל; the idiom ἀκούω τῆς φωνῆς ('hear/obey the voice') = שָׁמַע בְּקוֹל, 'obey.'
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying φωνῆς)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying φωνῆς).
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject of εἰσακούετε (resumptive emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as subject of εἰσακούετε (resumptive emphatic pronoun).
εἰσακούετεyou obey / heedPres Act Indic 2 Pl · εἰσακούωverb of the second protasis clause→ durative present (ongoing obedience as condition)εἰσακούω: 'listen to / obey'; the compound εἰσ- intensifies attentive hearing; with the genitive τῆς φωνῆς it means 'heed/obey my voice.'
λάβετεtakeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (apodosis: lethal imperative)→ aorist imperative (decisive command)λαμβάνω: 'take / seize'; the chilling imperative λάβετε τὴν κεφαλήν ('take the heads') turns the leaders into executioners of their own wards.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνhead(s)Accusativedirect object of λάβετε (collective singular: 'the heads')→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; renders רֹאשׁ; the collective singular τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀνδρῶν ('the head[s] of the men') is a distributive idiom; presentation of severed heads was a recognized proof of execution.
ἀνδρῶνof the menGenitivegenitive (partitive/possessive: 'heads of the men')→ relational specificationἀνήρ: 'man'; the royal sons are styled 'men,' though heirs and youths.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (in apposition with ἀνδρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive in apposition ('the men, namely the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; appositional clarification — the 'men' are the royal heirs.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουmasterGenitivegenitive of relationship (human master)→ relational specificationκύριος: human 'master / lord' (the late king); 'sons of your master' = the royal heirs; not the Tetragrammaton.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέγκατεbringAor Act Impv 2 Pl · φέρωmain verb (second imperative of apodosis)→ aorist imperativeφέρω (aor. impv. ἐνέγκατε): 'bring / carry'; the heads are to be delivered to Jehu as proof of compliance.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Jehu)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Jehu).
ὡςabout / byparticle (temporal approximation: 'about this time')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: here temporal-approximative, 'about / by (this time),' introducing the deadline.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὥραhour / timeNominativesubject of the temporal clause ('this time')→ participant prominenceὥρα: 'hour / time'; ὡς ἡ ὥρα αὔριον = 'about this time tomorrow,' the deadline for delivery.
αὔριονtomorrowtemporal adverb→ clausal contributionαὔριον: 'tomorrow'; renders מָחָר; sets the one-day deadline for the killing.
εἰςat / topreposition + accusative (goal of delivery)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of delivery).
ΙεζραελJezreelaccusative of place (indeclinable: destination)→ participant identificationΙεζραελ: transliteration of Hebrew יִזְרְעֶאל (Jezreel); indeclinable; Jehu's base of operations and the site of Naboth's vineyard, where Ahab's house was doomed (cf. 9:25–26).
καὶnow / andconjunction (introducing narratorial aside)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἦσαν (narratorial note)→ participant prominenceυἱός: the royal heirs, now counted in the aside.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the king's sons')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; here the late king (Ahab/Joram); the royal sons total seventy.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula of narratorial aside→ stative imperfect (background information)εἰμί (impf. ἦσαν): 'were'; the imperfect supplies background detail — the count of the heirs.
ἑβδομήκονταseventynumeral (indeclinable, predicate of ἦσαν)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; the round number of dynastic completeness, restated to underscore the totality of the coming slaughter.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativepredicate nominative (with ἦσαν: 'were seventy men')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; counts the heirs as 'seventy men.'
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative (resumptive subject of ἐξέτρεφον's object)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; points back to the seventy royal sons who were being reared.
ἁδροὶnobles / great menNominativesubject of ἐξέτρεφον (the city's grandees)→ participant prominenceἁδρός: 'thick / full-grown / great / noble'; here substantivized 'the great men/nobles' of the city, rendering the leading citizens who were rearing the royal sons — the same men now charged to kill them.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive of place (modifying ἁδροί: 'nobles of the city')→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; Samaria, whose grandees fostered the heirs.
ἐξέτρεφονwere rearingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκτρέφωmain verb of the narratorial aside→ durative/customary imperfect (ongoing fostering)ἐκτρέφω: 'rear / bring up / nourish'; the compound ἐκ- intensifies 'rear to maturity'; the imperfect notes the ongoing guardianship — a poignant detail given the order to kill their charges.
7

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἦλθεν τὸ βιβλίον πρὸς αὐτούς καὶ ἔλαβον τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἔσφαξαν αὐτούς ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρας καὶ ἔθηκαν τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν ἐν καρτάλλοις καὶ ἀπέστειλαν αὐτὰς πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰς Ιεζραελ

And it came about, as soon as the letter came to them, that they took the king's sons and slaughtered them, seventy men, and put their heads in baskets and sent them to him at Jezreel.

Narrative fulfillment: the slaughter and delivery of the headsκαὶ ἐγένετο
The καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς … construction (Hebrew וַיְהִי כְּ) marks narrative fulfillment of the command. The chain ἔλαβον … ἔσφαξαν … ἔθηκαν … ἀπέστειλαν executes the second letter step by step; ἔσφαξαν ('slaughtered,' sacrificial language) and the grim detail of heads in κάρταλλοι ('baskets') heighten the horror.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (with ἐγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came aboutAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative-fulfillment formula)→ constative aorist (event-onset marker)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'become / happen'; καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς renders Hebrew וַיְהִי כְּ, the standard LXX temporal-fulfillment formula.
ὡςas soon astemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / when / as soon as'; temporal, marking the moment the letter arrived.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of temporal clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come / arrive'; the letter's arrival triggers the killing.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονletterNominativesubject of ἦλθεν→ participant prominenceβιβλίον: 'letter'; the second dispatch, now arriving.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipients)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipients).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the leaders)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the leaders).
καὶand / thatapodotic καί (resuming after the temporal clause, Hebraism)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic, resuming the main clause after καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς …; a Hebraism corresponding to the waw after a temporal protasis.
ἔλαβονthey tookAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (first action of the slaughter sequence)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take / seize'; the leaders seize the royal sons in obedience to the command λάβετε of v. 6.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβον→ object specificationυἱός: the royal heirs, now seized for execution.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the king's sons')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: the late king; his sons are the victims.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφαξανslaughteredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · σφάζωmain verb (the killing)→ constative aorist (act of slaughter)σφάζω: 'slay / slaughter / butcher'; the verb of sacrificial/ritual killing (cf. the Passover lamb, Exod 12:6); its use here lends the massacre a grim quasi-sacrificial coloring — the seventy are 'slaughtered.'
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἔσφαξαν→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔσφαξαν.
ἑβδομήκονταseventynumeral (indeclinable, in apposition to ἄνδρας)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; the third occurrence of the number, registering that the dynasty is wholly extinguished.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativeaccusative in apposition to αὐτούς ('them, seventy men')→ object specificationἀνήρ: 'man'; the appositive 'seventy men' counts the slain.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθηκανthey putAor Act Indic 3 Pl · τίθημιmain verb (disposal of the heads)→ constative aoristτίθημι (aor. ἔθηκαν): 'place / put'; the heads are placed in baskets for transport as proof of execution.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativedirect object of ἔθηκαν→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the severed heads, the gruesome tokens demanded by Jehu.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying κεφαλάς)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying κεφαλάς).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: container)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: container).
καρτάλλοιςbasketsDativedative of place (in baskets)→ sphere or referenceκάρταλλος: 'basket' (a tapering wicker basket); renders דּוּד / סַל; the macabre image of heads packed in baskets for delivery underscores the brutality of the purge.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλανthey sentAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (final action: delivery)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; completes the obedience to v. 6's ἐνέγκατε — the heads are dispatched to Jehu at Jezreel.
αὐτὰςthemAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλαν (the heads)→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀπέστειλαν (the heads).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Jehu)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Jehu).
εἰςto / atpreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΙεζραελJezreelaccusative of place (indeclinable: destination)→ participant identificationΙεζραελ: Jezreel, Jehu's base, where the heads are delivered.
8

καὶ ἦλθεν ὁ ἄγγελος καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν λέγων ἤνεγκαν τὰς κεφαλὰς τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ εἶπεν θέτε αὐτὰς βουνοὺς δύο παρὰ τὴν θύραν τῆς πύλης εἰς πρωί

And the messenger came and reported, saying, 'They have brought the heads of the king's sons.' And he said, 'Lay them in two heaps at the entrance of the gate until morning.'

Narrative report and Jehu's command for public displayκαὶ ἦλθεν ὁ ἄγγελος
A messenger reports the heads' arrival; Jehu's order θέτε αὐτὰς βουνοὺς δύο ('lay them in two heaps') at the city gate until morning turns the severed heads into a public spectacle, the backdrop for his dawn speech (vv. 9–10). The 'two heaps' is a vivid, grisly detail of intimidation and propaganda.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (arrival of the messenger)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; the messenger arrives to report.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγγελοςmessengerNominativesubject of ἦλθεν and ἀπήγγειλεν→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: 'messenger'; renders מַלְאָךְ; here a human courier (not an angel), reporting the delivery of the heads.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήγγειλενreportedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb (act of reporting)→ constative aoristἀπαγγέλλω: 'report / announce'; the compound ἀπο- marks reporting back to the sender; introduces the messenger's message.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (pres. part.): λέγων = Hebrew לֵאמֹר, introducing the report's content.
ἤνεγκανthey have broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (content of the report)→ constative aorist (completed delivery)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): 'bring / carry'; the report confirms the heads' arrival, fulfilling the command ἐνέγκατε of v. 6.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὰςheadsAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκαν→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the severed heads of the royal sons.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('heads of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: the royal heirs whose heads were delivered.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the king's sons')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: the late king, whose line is now annihilated.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehu's command)→ constative aoristλέγω: Jehu responds with the order to display the heads.
θέτεlay / setAor Act Impv 2 Pl · τίθημιmain verb (Jehu's imperative)→ aorist imperative (decisive command)τίθημι (aor. impv. θέτε): 'place / set / lay'; Jehu orders the heads heaped at the gate, converting them into a public display of his triumph.
αὐτὰςthemAccusativedirect object of θέτε (the heads)→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of θέτε (the heads).
βουνοὺςheaps / moundsAccusativeaccusative of result/predicate ('into two heaps')→ object specificationβουνός: 'mound / hill / heap'; renders גַּל; the 'two heaps' (βουνοὺς δύο) of severed heads at the gate is a deliberate public spectacle, an image of total dynastic ruin.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, modifying βουνούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two heaps are a striking, memorable detail of the gruesome display.
παρὰat / besidepreposition + accusative (position: 'at the entrance')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside / at'; locates the heaps at the gateway, the most public spot in the city.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoor / entranceAccusativeaccusative object of παρά→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; 'the entrance of the gate' is the busy threshold where the display will be seen by all.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςgateGenitivegenitive (modifying θύραν: 'entrance of the gate')→ relational specificationπύλη: 'gate'; renders שַׁעַר; the city gate, center of public life and justice, where the heaps will confront all who pass.
εἰςuntilpreposition + accusative (temporal: 'until morning')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here temporal, 'until / by'; εἰς πρωί = 'until morning,' when Jehu will deliver his speech beside the heaps.
πρωίmorningtemporal adverb/noun (indeclinable: 'morning')→ clausal contributionπρωί: 'early / morning'; renders בֹּקֶר; the heaps remain on display through the night until the dawn assembly of v. 9.
9

καὶ ἐγένετο πρωὶ καὶ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ ἔστη ἐν τῷ πυλῶνι τῆς πόλεως καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς πάντα τὸν λαόν δίκαιοι ὑμεῖς ἰδοὺ ἐγώ εἰμι συνεστράφην ἐπὶ τὸν κύριόν μου καὶ ἀπέκτεινα αὐτόν καὶ τίς ἐπάταξεν πάντας τούτους

And it came about in the morning that he went out and stood at the gateway of the city and said to all the people, 'You are righteous; behold, I conspired against my master and killed him — but who struck down all these?'

Jehu's dawn speech: self-incrimination turned to implicate the peopleκαὶ ἐγένετο πρωὶ
Standing at the gate beside the two heaps, Jehu makes a startling rhetorical move: he openly confesses his own conspiracy and regicide (συνεστράφην … ἀπέκτεινα), declares the people 'righteous' (δίκαιοι ὑμεῖς, perhaps ironic), then asks τίς ἐπάταξεν πάντας τούτους ('who struck down all these?') — implicating the Samarian leaders in the slaughter of the seventy and so spreading the blood-guilt while pointing past it to divine providence (v. 10).
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (with ἐγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came aboutAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal-setting formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): καὶ ἐγένετο πρωί = 'and it came about in the morning,' the Hebraizing temporal formula (וַיְהִי בַבֹּקֶר).
πρωὶmorningtemporal adverb (indeclinable: 'in the morning')→ clausal contributionπρωί: 'morning'; the dawn appointed in v. 8 for the public reckoning.
καὶthat / andapodotic καί (after temporal setting)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενhe went outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (Jehu's movement)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come forth'; Jehu emerges to address the assembled people.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηstoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (intransitive: took his stand)→ constative aorist (took a position)ἵστημι (aor. ἔστη): intransitive 'stand / take one's stand'; Jehu positions himself publicly at the gateway to speak with authority.
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλῶνιgatewayDativedative of place (location of the address)→ sphere or referenceπυλών: 'gateway / portal'; the larger gate-structure (cf. πύλη in v. 8), the civic forum where public proclamations were made.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive of place (modifying πυλῶνι)→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; Jezreel, at whose gateway the heaps lie.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's public address.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (audience)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (audience).
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying λαόν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the people' — the whole assembly is Jehu's audience and the target of his rhetorical implication.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the audience)→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; the populace of Jezreel assembled at the gate.
δίκαιοιrighteous / innocentNominativepredicate adjective (verbless clause: 'you are righteous')→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: 'righteous / just / innocent'; renders צַדִּיק; δίκαιοι ὑμεῖς ('you are innocent') opens Jehu's rhetoric — perhaps assuring the people of their innocence while implicating the leaders, or ironically inviting them to judge.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject of the verbless clause→ participant referenceσύ (pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic 'you (are righteous)' sets the people apart from the guilt Jehu is about to distribute.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה; calls attention to Jehu's startling self-disclosure.
ἐγώINominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic 'I' foregrounds Jehu's own confessed agency in the regicide.
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with ἐγώ: 'it is I')→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; ἐγώ εἰμι ('I am [the one]') emphasizes Jehu's personal responsibility for killing his master.
συνεστράφηνI conspiredAor Pass Indic 1 Sg · συστρέφωmain verb (confession of conspiracy)→ constative aorist (completed act of conspiracy)συστρέφω (aor. pass. συνεστράφην): 'band together / conspire'; the middle/passive sense 'I formed a conspiracy' renders קָשַׁר; Jehu openly admits the coup against Joram (cf. 9:14).
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile: 'against')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'against'; marks the hostile object of the conspiracy.
τὸνthe / myAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόνmasterAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (human master: King Joram)→ object specificationκύριος: here 'master / lord' in the human sense — Jehu's royal master, King Joram, whom he assassinated (ch. 9); not the Tetragrammaton.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying κύριον)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying κύριον).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκτειναI killedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (confession of regicide)→ constative aoristἀποκτείνω: 'kill / slay'; Jehu admits the killing of Joram, owning the regicide before the people.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀπέκτεινα→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀπέκτεινα.
καὶbut / andconjunction (introducing rhetorical question)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject of ἐπάταξεν)→ participant referenceτίς: 'who?'; the rhetorical question τίς ἐπάταξεν … ('who struck down all these?') points the finger at the Samarian leaders who killed the seventy, implicating them while Jehu deflects sole responsibility.
ἐπάταξενstruck downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πατάσσωmain verb of the rhetorical question→ constative aoristπατάσσω: 'strike / smite / kill'; renders נָכָה (Hiphil); the verb dominates the chapter's violence (vv. 9, 11, 17, 25, 32); here it asks who is responsible for the seventy.
πάνταςallAccusativeadjective (modifying τούτους)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all these,' i.e. the seventy whose heads lie heaped at the gate.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative (direct object of ἐπάταξεν)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these'; the deictic points to the visible heaps of severed heads — the leaders, not Jehu, did this killing.
10

ἴδετε αφφω ὅτι οὐ πεσεῖται ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥήματος κυρίου εἰς τὴν γῆν οὗ ἐλάλησεν κύριος ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Αχααβ καὶ κύριος ἐποίησεν ὅσα ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ δούλου αὐτοῦ Ηλιου

See now that nothing of the word of the LORD shall fall to the ground, which the LORD spoke concerning the house of Ahab; and the LORD has done what he spoke by the hand of his servant Elijah.

Theological interpretation: the slaughter as fulfillment of the LORD's word through Elijahἴδετε αφφω ὅτι
Jehu reframes the massacre theologically: not a fall of the word of the LORD to the ground (a Hebrew idiom for an unfulfilled prophecy), but its exact fulfillment. The transliterated αφφω (an untranslated Hebrew word, probably אֵפוֹא 'now/then') is left in Greek script. The reference is to Elijah's oracle against Ahab's house (3 Kgdms 21:21–24), making Jehu the instrument of a long-foretold judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἴδετεsee / knowAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (imperative to the people)→ aorist imperative (call to recognize)ὁράω (aor. impv. ἴδετε): 'see / perceive / recognize'; Jehu summons the people to discern the providential meaning of the events.
αφφωnow / then (untranslated)transliterated Hebrew particle (indeclinable, left untranslated)→ discourse linkage or contrastαφφω: a transliteration of a Hebrew word (probably אֵפוֹא, 'then / now'), left untranslated in the Greek; such transliterations occur where the LXX translator preserved an obscure or emphatic Hebrew term in Greek letters.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing object clause of ἴδετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that'; introduces the content the people are to perceive.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating πεσεῖται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσεῖταιshall fallFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb of the ὅτι-clause→ predictive future (gnomic assurance)πίπτω (fut. mid. πεσεῖται): 'fall'; the idiom 'no word of the LORD shall fall to the ground' (cf. 1 Kgdms 3:19) means no prophecy goes unfulfilled; renders the Hebrew נָפַל used of unfulfilled words.
ἀπὸfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'any of')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: here partitive, 'from / any portion of'; οὐ πεσεῖται ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥήματος = 'nothing of the word shall fall.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματοςwordGenitivegenitive (partitive object: 'of the word')→ relational specificationῥῆμα: 'word / saying / matter'; renders דָּבָר; the prophetic word the LORD spoke against Ahab's house, now demonstrably fulfilled.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (modifying ῥήματος)→ relational specificationκύριος: here the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); 'the word of the LORD' is the prophetic oracle of judgment, which cannot fail.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal: 'to the ground')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal: 'to the ground').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνground / earthAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to the ground')→ object specificationγῆ: 'earth / ground'; the idiom 'fall to the ground' (renders אַרְצָה) figures an unfulfilled or ineffectual word — which the LORD's word never is.
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive by attraction to ῥήματος / adverbial)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; here introducing the relative clause 'which the LORD spoke,' the genitive form attracted to or governed by the antecedent ῥήματος.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (the prior prophetic utterance)λαλέω: 'speak'; the LORD's earlier oracle against Ahab's house (through Elijah, 3 Kgdms 21:21–24).
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐλάλησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the LORD who pronounced the judgment now executed.
ἐπὶconcerning / againstpreposition + accusative ('concerning / against')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'concerning / against'; the oracle was spoken against the house of Ahab.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the dynasty judged)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / dynasty'; the house of Ahab, the object of Elijah's prophesied doom.
Αχααβof Ahabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'house of Ahab')→ participant identificationΑχααβ: Ahab; his 'house' is the doomed dynasty.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐποίησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; emphatic repetition stressing that it is the LORD himself who has accomplished the judgment.
ἐποίησενhas doneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the fulfillment)→ constative aorist (accomplished deed)ποιέω: 'do / accomplish'; the LORD has now 'done' what he 'spoke' — word and deed correspond exactly.
ὅσαwhat / as much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν and ἐλάλησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / what'; the neuter plural ὅσα = 'all that,' equating the deed with the prophecy.
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the relative clause (ὅσα ἐλάλησεν)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; the prophetic word that the deed now matches.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (agency/instrument: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here instrumental in the idiom ἐν χειρί ('by the hand of'), rendering בְּיַד, marking the prophet as the agent through whom the word came.
χειρὶhandDativedative in idiom (ἐν χειρί: 'by the hand of')→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; the Hebraism ἐν χειρί + genitive = 'by the agency of,' here designating Elijah as the LORD's spokesman.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive (with χειρί: 'hand of his servant')→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant / slave'; renders עֶבֶד; 'his servant' is the honorific title of the prophet as the LORD's authorized agent.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δούλου)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying δούλου).
ΗλιουElijahGenitivegenitive in apposition to δούλου (the prophet named)→ relational specificationΗλιας (gen. Ηλιου): the Greek form of Hebrew אֵלִיָּהוּ (Elijah); declined as a first-declension masculine; the prophet whose word against Ahab's house (3 Kgdms 21) Jehu now claims to have fulfilled.
11

καὶ ἐπάταξεν Ιου πάντας τοὺς καταλειφθέντας ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Αχααβ ἐν Ιεζραελ καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἁδροὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς γνωστοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ ὥστε μὴ καταλιπεῖν αὐτοῦ κατάλειμμα

And Jehu struck down all who were left of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, and all his nobles and his acquaintances and his priests, so as to leave him no survivor.

Narrative summary: the total purge of Ahab's house in Jezreelκαὶ ἐπάταξεν Ιου
The verse summarizes the completeness of the purge: the participle τοὺς καταλειφθέντας ('those left') and the result clause ὥστε μὴ καταλιπεῖν … κατάλειμμα ('so as to leave no remnant') form a deliberate wordplay on the root καταλείπω, underscoring total annihilation — nobles, intimates, and priests all fall.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruck downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πατάσσωmain verb (the purge)→ constative aorist (act of slaughter)πατάσσω: 'strike / kill'; the chapter's keyword for Jehu's violence, here summing up the elimination of all who remained of Ahab's house.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, executor of the purge.
πάνταςallAccusativeadjective (modifying καταλειφθέντας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totalizing scope of the slaughter.
τοὺςthe onesAccusativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθένταςwho were leftAor Pass Part Acc Pl Masc · καταλείπωsubstantivized participle (direct object of ἐπάταξεν)→ verbal action or stateκαταλείπω (aor. pass. part.): 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the substantivized participle 'those left remaining' designates the survivors of Ahab's house, the very people Jehu now destroys — note the pointed echo with κατάλειμμα at the verse's end.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place/sphere ('in the house of Ahab')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household / dynasty'; here both the physical household and the dynastic line of Ahab.
Αχααβof Ahabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχααβ: Ahab; his 'house' is the object of total destruction.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΙεζραελJezreeldative/locative of place (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεζραελ: Jezreel, where the remnant of Ahab's house was concentrated and now eliminated.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallAccusativeadjective (modifying ἁδρούς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; extends the slaughter to every category of Ahab's supporters.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁδροὺςnobles / great menAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object: 'his nobles')→ object specificationἁδρός: 'great / noble / leading man'; here 'his grandees / chief men,' the leading supporters of Ahab's house (cf. v. 6).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἁδρούς)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ἁδρούς).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνωστοὺςacquaintancesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object: 'his acquaintances')→ object specificationγνωστός: 'known / acquaintance / familiar'; renders מְיֻדָּע; the close associates and confidants of Ahab's house, swept up in the purge.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsAccusativedirect object (third category: 'his priests')→ object specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the cultic personnel of Ahab's (Baal-favoring) establishment, eliminated along with the dynasty's political supporters.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὥστεso as / so thatconjunction (introducing result clause + infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so that / so as to'; introduces the result clause expressing the totality of the destruction.
μὴnotnegative particle (with infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλιπεῖνto leaveAor Act Inf · καταλείπωinfinitive of result (with ὥστε)→ aorist infinitive (the leaving of nothing)καταλείπω (aor. inf.): 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the result infinitive 'so as to leave no remnant' completes the wordplay with καταλειφθέντας and κατάλειμμα — none of the 'left' are 'left.'
αὐτοῦof him / hisGenitivegenitive (with κατάλειμμα: 'a remnant of him')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive (with κατάλειμμα: 'a remnant of him').
κατάλειμμαremnant / survivorAccusativedirect object of καταλιπεῖν→ object specificationκατάλειμμα: 'remnant / what is left over'; renders שָׂרִיד / שְׁאֵרִית; the cognate noun seals the destruction-motif — Jehu leaves Ahab no surviving 'remnant,' fulfilling the prophesied extermination of the house.
12

καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἐπορεύθη εἰς Σαμάρειαν αὐτὸς ἐν Βαιθακαδ τῶν ποιμένων ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ

Then he arose and went to Samaria; he himself was at Baithakad of the shepherds, on the way.

Narrative transition: Jehu sets out for Samariaκαὶ ἀνέστη
A travel-notice bridging the Jezreel purge (vv. 1–11) and the Baithakad episode (vv. 13–14). The place-name Βαιθακαδ τῶν ποιμένων ('Beth-eked of the shepherds') is a transliteration with a descriptive genitive; the location 'on the way' (ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ) sets the scene for the chance meeting with Ahaziah's kinsmen.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶthen / andnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηhe aroseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (intransitive: set out)→ constative aorist (inceptive of journey)ἀνίστημι (aor. ἀνέστη): intransitive 'rise / set out'; renders קוּם; idiomatic for beginning a journey or undertaking.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (the journey)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go / travel'; renders הָלַךְ; the deponent aorist marks Jehu's departure toward Samaria.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΣαμάρειανSamariaAccusativeaccusative of destination (object of εἰς)→ object specificationΣαμάρεια: the capital, Jehu's next objective for completing the purge (v. 17).
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (subject emphasis)→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'he himself'; emphasizes Jehu's personal presence at Baithakad en route.
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΒαιθακαδBaithakadlocative of place (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΒαιθακαδ: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית עֵקֶד (Beth-eked); indeclinable; a place 'on the way' between Jezreel and Samaria, qualified 'of the shepherds.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιμένωνshepherdsGenitivedescriptive genitive (modifying Βαιθακαδ: 'of the shepherds')→ relational specificationποιμήν: 'shepherd'; renders רֹעִים; the descriptive genitive 'Beth-eked of the shepherds' identifies the site — perhaps a shearing-house — where the meeting occurs.
ἐνon / inpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷroad / wayDativedative of place (locative: 'on the way')→ sphere or referenceὁδός: 'road / way'; renders דֶּרֶךְ; 'on the way' situates the next episode during the journey to Samaria.
13

καὶ Ιου εὗρεν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς Οχοζιου βασιλέως Ιουδα καὶ εἶπεν τίνες ὑμεῖς καὶ εἶπον οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Οχοζιου ἡμεῖς καὶ κατέβημεν εἰς εἰρήνην τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν υἱῶν τῆς δυναστευούσης

And Jehu found the brothers of Ahaziah king of Judah and said, 'Who are you?' And they said, 'We are the brothers of Ahaziah, and we have come down to greet the sons of the king and the sons of the queen mother.'

New episode: the chance encounter with Ahaziah's kinsmenκαὶ Ιου εὗρεν
Jehu meets the relatives of Ahaziah of Judah, who—ignorant of the coup—are travelling to pay respects (κατέβημεν εἰς εἰρήνην, 'we have come down in peace/to greet') to the royal family and the queen mother. Their candid self-identification (οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Οχοζιου ἡμεῖς) seals their fate, since they are kin to the doomed house.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, who encounters the Judahite kinsmen on the road.
εὗρενfound / metAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb (the encounter)→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'find / come upon'; renders מָצָא; here 'came upon / met,' the fortuitous (and fatal) meeting.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothers / kinsmenAccusativedirect object of εὗρεν→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother / kinsman'; renders אָח; 'the brothers (relatives) of Ahaziah,' members of the Judahite royal house related to the Omride line through Athaliah.
Οχοζιουof AhaziahGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀδελφούς)→ relational specificationΟχοζιας (gen. Οχοζιου): the Greek form of Hebrew אֲחַזְיָהוּ (Ahaziah); declined as a first-declension masculine; Ahaziah of Judah, already slain by Jehu (9:27).
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Οχοζιου ('Ahaziah king')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; appositional title identifying Ahaziah as king of Judah.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of place (indeclinable: 'king of Judah')→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Judah); indeclinable; the southern kingdom over which Ahaziah reigned.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehu's question)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's interrogation of the strangers.
τίνεςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate of verbless question)→ participant referenceτίς: 'who?'; τίνες ὑμεῖς ('who are you?') is Jehu's curt challenge to the travelers.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject of the verbless question→ participant referenceσύ (pl. ὑμεῖς): 'you'; the subject of the identity-question.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (their reply)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. εἶπον): introduces the kinsmen's self-identifying answer.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersNominativepredicate nominative ('we are the brothers')→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: 'brother / kinsman'; their fatal self-disclosure as Ahaziah's relatives.
Οχοζιουof AhaziahGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀδελφοί)→ relational specificationΟχοζιας: Ahaziah; the kinsmen identify their connection to the slain Judahite king.
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject of the verbless clause→ participant referenceἐγώ (pl. ἡμεῖς): 'we (are)'; the explicit pronoun in the verbless reply.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβημενwe have come downAor Act Indic 1 Pl · καταβαίνωmain verb (their stated purpose)→ constative aoristκαταβαίνω: 'go down / come down'; renders יָרַד; the kinsmen 'came down' (from Judah northward, the regular idiom for travel direction) to visit the royal family.
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to greet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to greet').
εἰρήνηνpeace / greetingAccusativeaccusative of purpose (idiom: 'to greet / pay respects')→ object specificationεἰρήνη: 'peace'; renders שָׁלוֹם; the idiom κατέβημεν εἰς εἰρήνην = 'we came down to inquire after the welfare of / to greet,' a friendly visit — tragically ill-timed.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (object of the greeting)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the royal princes whom the kinsmen intended to greet — unaware all are dead.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship ('sons of the king')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: the king (of Israel); the royal sons being the object of the intended courtesy visit.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (parallel object of the greeting)→ relational specificationυἱός: the sons (children) of the queen mother, also intended recipients of the visit.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (substantivizing δυναστευούσης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστευούσηςqueen mother / ruling ladyPres Act Part Gen Sg Fem · δυναστεύωsubstantivized participle (genitive: 'of the ruling woman')→ verbal action or stateδυναστεύω (pres. part.): 'hold power / rule'; the feminine substantivized participle ἡ δυναστεύουσα = 'the ruling lady / queen mother' (the גְּבִירָה, here Jezebel or the queen mother of Israel), whose 'sons' the kinsmen also meant to greet.
14

καὶ εἶπεν συλλάβετε αὐτοὺς ζῶντας καὶ συνέλαβον αὐτοὺς ζῶντας καὶ ἔσφαξαν αὐτοὺς εἰς Βαιθακαδ τεσσαράκοντα καὶ δύο ἄνδρας οὐ κατέλιπεν ἄνδρα ἐξ αὐτῶν

And he said, 'Take them alive.' And they took them alive and slaughtered them at Baithakad, forty-two men; he left not a man of them.

Narrative action: the capture and slaughter of the forty-two kinsmenκαὶ εἶπεν συλλάβετε
Jehu's terse command συλλάβετε αὐτοὺς ζῶντας ('take them alive') is executed immediately (συνέλαβον … ζῶντας echoing the order verbatim) and followed by the slaughter. The repeated ζῶντας ('alive') makes the killing more chilling, and the closing οὐ κατέλιπεν ἄνδρα ('he left not a man') matches the total-extermination motif of v. 11.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehu's command)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's order to seize the kinsmen.
συλλάβετεseize / takeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · συλλαμβάνωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperative (decisive command)συλλαμβάνω: 'seize / arrest / take'; the compound συν- denotes laying hold of; Jehu orders the men taken alive — for slaughter, not mercy.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of συλλάβετε→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of συλλάβετε.
ζῶνταςalivePres Act Part Acc Pl Masc · ζάωpredicative participle (modifying αὐτούς: 'alive')→ verbal action or stateζάω (pres. part.): 'live'; the predicative participle ζῶντας ('living / alive') stresses that they were taken unharmed first — making the subsequent slaughter the more deliberate.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέλαβονthey seizedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συλλαμβάνωmain verb (execution of the order)→ constative aoristσυλλαμβάνω: the indicative echoing the imperative verbatim — the order is obeyed exactly.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of συνέλαβον→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of συνέλαβον.
ζῶνταςalivePres Act Part Acc Pl Masc · ζάωpredicative participle (repeated: 'alive')→ verbal action or stateζάω (pres. part.): the repetition of ζῶντας in the fulfillment underscores the cold deliberateness of the capture-then-slaughter.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφαξανslaughteredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · σφάζωmain verb (the killing)→ constative aoristσφάζω: 'slay / slaughter'; the sacrificial-killing verb (cf. v. 7), used again for the massacre of the kinsmen.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἔσφαξαν→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔσφαξαν.
εἰςatpreposition + accusative (place: 'at Baithakad')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here locative-for-place, 'at,' a Hebraizing usage.
ΒαιθακαδBaithakadaccusative/locative of place (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαιθακαδ: Beth-eked (cf. v. 12); the site of the slaughter, perhaps near a cistern (cf. MT 'the pit of Beth-eked').
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable, with δύο modifying ἄνδρας)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; with δύο = 'forty-two,' the number of Ahaziah's kinsmen slain.
καὶandconjunction (joining the numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, with τεσσαράκοντα)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; completing 'forty-two men.'
ἄνδραςmenAccusativeaccusative in apposition to αὐτούς ('forty-two men')→ object specificationἀνήρ: 'man'; the slain kinsmen numbered forty-two.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating κατέλιπεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέλιπενhe leftAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταλείπωmain verb (totality of the slaughter)→ constative aoristκαταλείπω: 'leave (remaining)'; the negated 'he left not a man' restates the no-survivor motif (cf. v. 11, κατάλειμμα).
ἄνδραa manAccusativedirect object of κατέλιπεν ('not a man')→ object specificationἀνήρ: 'man'; with the negative, 'not a single man' survived.
ἐξof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of them')→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'of them').
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (partitive)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐξ (partitive).
15

καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐκεῖθεν καὶ εὗρεν τὸν Ιωναδαβ υἱὸν Ρηχαβ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ εἰς ἀπαντὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτόν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ιου εἰ ἔστιν καρδία σου μετὰ καρδίας μου εὐθεῖα καθὼς ἡ καρδία μου μετὰ τῆς καρδίας σου καὶ εἶπεν Ιωναδαβ ἔστιν καὶ εἶπεν Ιου καὶ εἰ ἔστιν δὸς τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ ἔδωκεν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνεβίβασεν αὐτὸν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα

And he went on from there and found Jehonadab son of Rechab on the way to meet him, and he blessed him and said to him — Jehu did — 'Is your heart right with my heart, as my heart is with your heart?' And Jehonadab said, 'It is.' And Jehu said, 'If it is, give me your hand.' And he gave his hand, and he took him up to himself onto the chariot.

New episode: the alliance with Jehonadab son of Rechabκαὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐκεῖθεν
The encounter with Jehonadab, founder-figure of the Rechabites (cf. Jer 35), is built on the test of loyalty: εἰ ἔστιν καρδία σου … εὐθεῖα ('is your heart straight with my heart?'). The fourfold repetition of καρδία ('heart') and the exchanged handclasp (δὸς τὴν χεῖρά σου … ἔδωκεν τὴν χεῖρα) ritualize the covenant; lifting Jehonadab onto the chariot (ἀνεβίβασεν … ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα) publicly enlists this zealot of YHWH as witness to Jehu's purge of Baal.
Word-by-word analysis· 66 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηhe went onAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (continuing the journey)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go / travel'; Jehu proceeds from Baithakad toward Samaria.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (source)→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: 'from there / thence'; renders מִשָּׁם; marks departure from the site of the slaughter.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὗρενfound / metAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb (the encounter)→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'find / meet'; Jehu meets Jehonadab on the road.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with proper noun)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωναδαβJehonadabdirect object of εὗρεν (indeclinable proper noun, articular)→ participant identificationΙωναδαβ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹנָדָב (Jehonadab/Jonadab); indeclinable; the ancestor of the Rechabites, a zealot for YHWH (cf. Jer 35:6–10).
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ιωναδαβ→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; identifies Jehonadab's lineage.
Ρηχαβof Rechabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Rechab')→ participant identificationΡηχαβ: transliteration of Hebrew רֵכָב (Rechab); indeclinable; eponymous ancestor of the Rechabite clan.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷway / roadDativedative of place ('on the way')→ sphere or referenceὁδός: 'road / way'; the encounter again occurs en route.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
ἀπαντὴνa meetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet him')→ object specificationἀπαντή: 'meeting / encounter'; the idiom εἰς ἀπαντήν + genitive ('to meet') renders לִקְרַאת; Jehonadab comes out to meet Jehu.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive (with ἀπαντήν: 'to meet him')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive (with ἀπαντήν: 'to meet him').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενblessed / greetedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb (greeting)→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: 'bless / greet'; renders בֵּרַךְ; here in the sense of a respectful greeting/salute exchanged between Jehu and Jehonadab.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of εὐλόγησεν→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of εὐλόγησεν.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's loyalty-test question.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
ΙουJehusubject of εἶπεν (indeclinable, in apposition)→ participant identificationΙου: the subject made explicit — it is Jehu who poses the question.
εἰwhether / isinterrogative particle (direct question)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if / whether'; here introducing a direct question, 'is your heart …?'
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula of the question→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; the verb of the loyalty-question, 'is your heart straight …?'
καρδίαheartNominativesubject of ἔστιν→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; the seat of will and loyalty; its fourfold repetition makes 'heart-with-heart' the keynote of the covenant test.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying καρδία)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying καρδία).
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment/relation)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; 'your heart with my heart' frames the question of mutual loyalty.
καρδίαςheartGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; second occurrence in the loyalty formula.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying καρδίας)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying καρδίας).
εὐθεῖαstraight / rightNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔστιν: 'is straight')→ participant prominenceεὐθύς (fem. εὐθεῖα): 'straight / upright / true'; renders יָשָׁר; 'is your heart true (toward mine)?' — the precise term of sincere allegiance.
καθὼςas / just ascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as'; introduces the reciprocal clause, 'as my heart is with yours.'
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartNominativesubject of the comparative clause→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart'; third occurrence; Jehu affirms his own sincerity as the standard.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (relation)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (relation).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; fourth occurrence, completing the reciprocal 'heart with heart' formula.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehonadab's reply)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehonadab's terse affirmation.
ΙωναδαβJehonadabsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωναδαβ: Jehonadab affirms his loyalty.
ἔστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb (Jehonadab's one-word answer)→ stative present (affirmation)εἰμί: 'it is'; the curt 'It is' affirms that his heart is indeed straight with Jehu's.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehu's response)→ constative aoristλέγω: Jehu responds, sealing the bond with a handclasp.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: the speaker.
καὶandconjunction (within Jehu's speech)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if'; 'if it is (so),' the condition for the handclasp.
ἔστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of the conditional clause→ stative presentεἰμί: 'it is'; Jehu picks up Jehonadab's word — 'if it is (so).'
δὸςgiveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (imperative: covenant gesture)→ aorist imperativeδίδωμι (aor. impv. δός): 'give'; 'give your hand' invites the handclasp, a gesture sealing alliance/covenant.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράhandAccusativedirect object of δός→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the clasped hand ratifies the bond between Jehu and Jehonadab.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενhe gaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Jehonadab complies)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; Jehonadab gives his hand, accepting the alliance.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the reciprocated gesture.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεβίβασενhe took upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβιβάζωmain verb (lifting onto the chariot)→ constative aorist (causative)ἀναβιβάζω: 'cause to go up / bring up'; the causative of ἀναβαίνω; Jehu 'brings up' Jehonadab onto the chariot, making him a public companion and witness.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀνεβίβασεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀνεβίβασεν.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative ('to himself')→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative ('to himself').
αὐτὸνhimselfAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (reflexive: beside Jehu)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (reflexive: beside Jehu).
ἐπὶontopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'onto'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρμαchariotAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (goal: 'onto the chariot')→ object specificationἅρμα: 'chariot'; Jehu's war-chariot, the seat of his authority; Jehonadab rides with him as honored ally and witness to his zeal.
16

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν δεῦρο μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ καὶ ἰδὲ ἐν τῷ ζηλῶσαί με τῷ κυρίῳ Σαβαωθ καὶ ἐπεκάθισεν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἅρματι αὐτοῦ

And he said to him, 'Come with me and see my zeal for the LORD of Hosts.' And he set him in his chariot.

Jehu's invitation: 'see my zeal for the LORD'καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν
Jehu frames the coming Baal-purge as religious zeal: δεῦρο … ἰδὲ ἐν τῷ ζηλῶσαί με τῷ κυρίῳ ('come, see my zeal for the LORD of Hosts'). The articular infinitive ἐν τῷ ζηλῶσαι expresses the action Jehonadab is to witness. Jehu's profession of 'zeal' is genuine against Baal yet, as vv. 29–31 reveal, incomplete toward the LORD's full law.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's invitation to Jehonadab.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
δεῦροcomeadverb of exhortation (functioning as imperative: 'come!')→ clausal contributionδεῦρο: 'come (here)!'; an adverb used imperativally, renders לֵךְ / בּוֹא; Jehu's summons to accompany him.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; 'come with me.'
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. ἐμοῦ): 'me'; the object of accompaniment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὲsee / beholdAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperativeὁράω (aor. impv. ἰδέ): 'see / behold'; Jehu invites Jehonadab to witness his zeal in action.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (with articular infinitive: 'in my being-zealous')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: with the articular infinitive ἐν τῷ ζηλῶσαι forms a temporal/circumstantial construction, 'in/as I am zealous,' a common LXX rendering of the Hebrew infinitive construct with בְּ.
τῷtheDativearticle (with infinitive ζηλῶσαι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζηλῶσαίto be zealousAor Act Inf · ζηλόωarticular infinitive (object of ἰδέ via ἐν τῷ)→ aorist infinitive (the decisive act of zeal)ζηλόω: 'be zealous / jealous'; renders קָנָא; the articular infinitive 'my being zealous' names exactly what Jehonadab is to behold; the noun ζῆλος is the same zeal Phinehas and Elijah showed for YHWH.
μεmy / meAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive (ζηλῶσαι)→ participant referenceἐγώ (acc. με): the accusative subject of the articular infinitive, 'that I am zealous.'
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative of advantage (object of zeal: 'for the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: here the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the dative 'for the LORD' names the object of Jehu's zeal; with Σαβαωθ = 'the LORD of Hosts.'
Σαβαωθof Hosts / Sabaothindeclinable epithet (modifying κυρίῳ)→ participant identificationΣαβαωθ: transliteration of Hebrew צְבָאוֹת ('hosts/armies'); indeclinable; the LXX often leaves the divine epithet untranslated; 'the LORD of Hosts' is the warrior-title of YHWH, apt for Jehu's militant zeal.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεκάθισενhe set / seatedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικαθίζωmain verb (seating Jehonadab)→ constative aorist (causative)ἐπικαθίζω: 'set/seat upon'; the compound ἐπι- marks placing upon; Jehu seats Jehonadab in his chariot as honored companion for the journey to Samaria.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἐπεκάθισεν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπεκάθισεν.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματιchariotDativedative of place (locative: 'in the chariot')→ sphere or referenceἅρμα: 'chariot'; Jehonadab rides beside Jehu, lending his prestige as a YHWH-zealot to the coming purge.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἅρματι)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ἅρματι).
17

καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Σαμάρειαν καὶ ἐπάταξεν πάντας τοὺς καταλειφθέντας τοῦ Αχααβ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ ἕως τοῦ ἀφανίσαι αὐτὸν κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ὃ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς Ηλιου

And he entered Samaria and struck down all who were left of Ahab in Samaria, until he had destroyed him, according to the word of the LORD which he spoke to Elijah.

Narrative completion: the purge of Ahab's house in Samaria as prophecy-fulfillmentκαὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Σαμάρειαν
The Samaria purge parallels the Jezreel one (v. 11): πάντας τοὺς καταλειφθέντας ('all who were left') are struck down ἕως τοῦ ἀφανίσαι ('until he had wiped him out'). The closing prophecy-formula κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου … πρὸς Ηλιου explicitly frames the whole purge as the fulfillment of Elijah's oracle (3 Kgdms 21:21–24).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενhe enteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (arrival in Samaria)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; Jehu reaches the capital, completing the journey begun in v. 12.
εἰςinto / topreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΣαμάρειανSamariaAccusativeaccusative of destination (object of εἰς)→ object specificationΣαμάρεια: the capital, where the last of Ahab's house is destroyed.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruck downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πατάσσωmain verb (the slaughter)→ constative aoristπατάσσω: 'strike / kill'; the chapter's keyword, here completing Ahab's annihilation in Samaria.
πάνταςallAccusativeadjective (modifying καταλειφθέντας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totalizing scope, as in v. 11.
τοὺςthe onesAccusativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθένταςwho were leftAor Pass Part Acc Pl Masc · καταλείπωsubstantivized participle (direct object of ἐπάταξεν)→ verbal action or stateκαταλείπω (aor. pass. part.): 'leave remaining'; 'those left' of Ahab's house in Samaria, now exterminated — echoing v. 11.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Αχααβ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Αχααβof Ahabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable, articular)→ participant identificationΑχααβ: Ahab; the genitive 'of Ahab' marks those belonging to his house.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (locative: 'in Samaria')→ sphere or referenceΣαμάρεια: the locale of this final stage of the purge.
ἕωςuntilconjunction/preposition (with articular infinitive: 'until')→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until'; with the articular infinitive τοῦ ἀφανίσαι expresses the terminus, 'until he wiped him out.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive ἀφανίσαι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφανίσαιto destroy / wipe outAor Act Inf · ἀφανίζωarticular infinitive (with ἕως τοῦ: 'until destroying')→ constative aorist infinitive (complete elimination)ἀφανίζω: 'destroy / wipe out / make to vanish'; renders שָׁמַד / כָּרַת; ἕως τοῦ ἀφανίσαι αὐτόν = 'until he had utterly destroyed him (Ahab's house).'
αὐτὸνhim / itAccusativeaccusative object of the infinitive ἀφανίσαι→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of the infinitive ἀφανίσαι.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard: 'according to')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introduces the prophecy-fulfillment formula.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the standard of fulfillment)→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / saying'; the prophetic word now fulfilled, as in v. 10.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (modifying ῥῆμα)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; 'the word of the LORD' is Elijah's prophesied judgment on Ahab's house.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, 'which,' referring to the word the LORD spoke.
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the relative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; the LORD's oracle delivered to Elijah.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΗλιουElijahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the prophet addressed)→ object specificationΗλιας (acc. Ηλιου): Elijah; the prophet to whom the LORD spoke the doom of Ahab's house (3 Kgdms 21); the accusative form after πρός marks him as recipient of the word.
18

καὶ συνήθροισεν Ιου πάντα τὸν λαὸν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς Αχααβ ἐδούλευσεν τῷ Βααλ ὀλίγα καί γε Ιου δουλεύσει αὐτῷ πολλά

And Jehu gathered all the people and said to them, 'Ahab served Baal a little, but Jehu will serve him much.'

Opening of the ruse: Jehu's feigned devotion to Baalκαὶ συνήθροισεν Ιου
Jehu launches his deception with a public profession that outdoes Ahab in Baal-devotion: Αχααβ ἐδούλευσεν τῷ Βααλ ὀλίγα … Ιου δουλεύσει αὐτῷ πολλά ('Ahab served Baal a little; Jehu will serve him much'). The antithesis ὀλίγα / πολλά is the bait that lures every Baal-worshiper to the fatal assembly.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήθροισενgatheredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συναθροίζωmain verb (assembling the people)→ constative aoristσυναθροίζω: 'gather together / assemble'; the compound συν- stresses collecting into one body; Jehu convenes 'all the people' to spring his trap.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, architect of the ruse.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying λαόν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the people' are summoned to hear the false proclamation.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleAccusativedirect object of συνήθροισεν→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; the populace, from whom the Baal-worshipers will be flushed out.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's deceptive announcement.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (audience)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (audience).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
ΑχααβAhabsubject of ἐδούλευσεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχααβ: Ahab; cited as the benchmark of Baal-devotion that Jehu pretends to surpass.
ἐδούλευσενservedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δουλεύωmain verb (within Jehu's speech)→ constative aoristδουλεύω: 'serve / be a slave to'; renders עָבַד; 'serve' here means religious worship/cult-service of Baal; Ahab's notorious Baalism (3 Kgdms 16:31–33) is the foil.
τῷtheDativearticle (with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaaldative object of ἐδούλευσεν (indeclinable, articular)→ participant identificationΒααλ: transliteration of Hebrew בַּעַל ('lord/master'), the Canaanite storm-god; indeclinable in the LXX (here with the article τῷ); the deity whose cult Jehu is about to exterminate by stratagem.
ὀλίγαa littleAccusativeadverbial accusative (degree: 'a little')→ object specificationὀλίγος: 'little / few'; the neuter plural ὀλίγα is adverbial, 'to a small degree'; the antithesis with πολλά frames the lie.
καίbut / andconjunction (with γε, emphatic contrast)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεindeedemphatic particle (καί γε: 'but indeed')→ discourse linkage or contrastγε: emphatic enclitic particle; καί γε ('and indeed / but') heightens the contrast, renders Hebrew וְ … גַּם; sharpens the false boast.
ΙουJehusubject of δουλεύσει (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu names himself, claiming to outdo Ahab in Baal-service.
δουλεύσειwill serveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · δουλεύωmain verb (the deceptive promise)→ predictive future (feigned intent)δουλεύω: 'serve'; the future 'Jehu will serve (Baal) much' is the deliberate lie that secures a full turnout of Baal's devotees.
αὐτῷhimDativedative object of δουλεύσει (Baal)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of δουλεύσει (Baal).
πολλάmuchAccusativeadverbial accusative (degree: 'much')→ object specificationπολύς: 'much / many'; the neuter plural πολλά is adverbial, 'to a great degree'; the climactic antithesis to ὀλίγα that completes the snare.
19

καὶ νῦν πάντες οἱ προφῆται τοῦ Βααλ πάντας τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ καλέσατε πρός με ἀνὴρ μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω ὅτι θυσία μεγάλη μοι τῷ Βααλ πᾶς ὃς ἐὰν ἐπισκεπῇ οὐ ζήσεται καὶ Ιου ἐποίησεν ἐν πτερνισμῷ ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ τοὺς δούλους τοῦ Βααλ

'And now, call to me all the prophets of Baal, all his servants and his priests; let not a man be missing, for I have a great sacrifice to Baal; whoever is missing shall not live.' Now Jehu acted in cunning, that he might destroy the servants of Baal.

The summons on pain of death, plus a narratorial disclosure of motiveκαὶ νῦν
The summons (καλέσατε πρός με) demands total attendance — ἀνὴρ μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω ('let not a man be missing'), enforced by the death penalty (ὃς ἐὰν ἐπισκεπῇ οὐ ζήσεται). The narrator then lifts the veil: Ιου ἐποίησεν ἐν πτερνισμῷ ('Jehu acted in trickery') ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ ('to destroy'), exposing the pretended 'great sacrifice' as a lethal ruse.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandconjunction (with νῦν, transition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (rhetorical transition)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν (Hebrew וְעַתָּה) moves to the operative command of the speech.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying προφῆται; nominative for accusative, casus pendens)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the nominative πάντες οἱ προφῆται stands as a fronted nominative (casus pendens) resumed by the accusatives τοὺς δούλους … τοὺς ἱερεῖς — a Hebraizing anacoluthon.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφῆταιprophetsNominativefronted nominative (casus pendens: 'the prophets')→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; renders נָבִיא; the prophets of Baal (cf. the 450 at Carmel, 3 Kgdms 18:19), cult-functionaries Jehu means to wipe out.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable, articular)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; 'the prophets of Baal,' the deity's cultic spokesmen.
πάνταςallAccusativeadjective (modifying δούλους; resumptive accusative)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the accusative resumes the fronted nominative, now as object of καλέσατε.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουςservants / worshipersAccusativedirect object of καλέσατε→ object specificationδοῦλος: 'servant / slave / devotee'; here the 'servants/worshipers of Baal,' the lay devotees of the cult, to be summoned and destroyed.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Baal's servants)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Baal's servants).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsAccusativedirect object of καλέσατε (third category)→ object specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; the sacrificing clergy of Baal, the third group summoned.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Baal's priests)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Baal's priests).
καλέσατεcall / summonAor Act Impv 2 Pl · καλέωmain verb (imperative: the summons)→ aorist imperativeκαλέω: 'call / summon / invite'; renders קָרָא; Jehu orders the convening of every Baal-devotee 'to me' for the supposed festival.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (goal of summons)→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of summons).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Jehu)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Jehu).
ἀνὴρa manNominativesubject of ἐπισκεπήτω ('let not a man …')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; with the negative and prohibitive verb, 'let not a single man (be missing).'
μὴnotnegative particle (with prohibitive imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκεπήτωlet be missing / found absentAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (third-person prohibitive imperative)→ aorist prohibitive imperativeἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. pass. impv.): 'visit / muster / be missing on a muster'; the passive here means 'be found absent / be missed at the roll-call'; ἀνὴρ μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω = 'let no man be found missing,' demanding total attendance.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; gives the (pretended) reason for the mandatory assembly.
θυσίαsacrificeNominativesubject of the verbless clause ('a great sacrifice is mine')→ participant prominenceθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders זֶבַח; the 'great sacrifice to Baal' is the fictitious pretext for the gathering.
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσία)→ participant prominenceμέγας (fem. μεγάλη): 'great'; magnifies the supposed festival to ensure maximum turnout.
μοιI have / to meDativedative of possession ('a sacrifice is to/for me')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. μοι): the possessive dative, 'I have a great sacrifice.'
τῷtoDativearticle (with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaaldative of advantage (recipient of sacrifice: 'to Baal')→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; the supposed recipient of the great sacrifice.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of ζήσεται; antecedent of ὅς)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone / all'; πᾶς ὃς ἐάν ('everyone who') universalizes the death-threat for absence.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (with ἐάν, indefinite)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; with ἐάν forms 'whoever.'
ἐὰνeverconditional particle (with relative, governing subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: with ὅς forms the indefinite relative 'whoever,' taking the subjunctive ἐπισκεπῇ.
ἐπισκεπῇis missingAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of indefinite relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctiveἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. pass. subj.): 'be found missing at the muster'; whoever is absent from the roll-call is condemned.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating ζήσεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζήσεταιshall liveFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb (the death-threat)→ predictive future (apodosis: death penalty)ζάω (fut. mid. ζήσεται): 'live'; 'shall not live' = shall die; the death penalty for non-attendance guarantees that every Baal-worshiper will come — straight into the trap.
καὶnow / andconjunction (introducing narratorial aside)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουJehusubject of ἐποίησεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu; the narrator now discloses his true intent.
ἐποίησενacted / didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (narratorial disclosure)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / act'; ἐποίησεν ἐν πτερνισμῷ = 'he acted with trickery,' the narrator's unmasking of the scheme.
ἐνin / withpreposition + dative (manner: 'in cunning')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: instrumental/manner, 'with / in.'
πτερνισμῷcunning / deceitDativedative of manner (with ἐποίησεν: 'in trickery')→ sphere or referenceπτερνισμός: 'deceit / cunning / supplanting' (from πτέρνα, 'heel'; cf. the trickery of Jacob the 'heel-grabber'); a vivid term for the underhanded stratagem by which Jehu lures Baal's devotees to slaughter.
ἵναthat / in order thatpurpose conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'in order that'; introduces the purpose clause revealing Jehu's lethal aim.
ἀπολέσῃhe might destroyAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιverb of purpose clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (purpose)ἀπόλλυμι (aor. subj.): 'destroy / kill / ruin'; the purpose 'that he might destroy the servants of Baal' lays bare the true objective of the whole charade.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουςservants / worshipersAccusativedirect object of ἀπολέσῃ→ object specificationδοῦλος: 'servant / devotee'; the worshipers of Baal, the targets of the planned massacre.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'servants of Baal')→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; the deity whose entire cult-community Jehu intends to annihilate.
20

καὶ εἶπεν Ιου ἁγιάσατε ἱερείαν τῷ Βααλ καὶ ἐκήρυξαν

And Jehu said, 'Consecrate a solemn assembly for Baal.' And they proclaimed it.

The proclamation of the sacred assemblyκαὶ εἶπεν Ιου
Jehu orders a 'sacred assembly/festival' (ἱερείαν) consecrated to Baal; the heralds proclaim it (ἐκήρυξαν). The cultic vocabulary (ἁγιάζω, ἱερεία) makes the trap appear as genuine, solemn worship, deepening the irony of the impending slaughter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's order to proclaim the assembly.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, directing the staged festival.
ἁγιάσατεconsecrate / sanctifyAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἁγιάζωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperativeἁγιάζω: 'consecrate / sanctify / set apart'; renders קָדַשׁ; the technical cultic verb for proclaiming a sacred assembly (cf. Joel 1:14 ἁγιάσατε νηστείαν); used here with grim irony for the false Baal-festival.
ἱερείανa solemn assembly / sacred festivalAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσατε→ object specificationἱερεία: 'sacred rite / solemn assembly / festival'; renders עֲצָרָה ('solemn assembly'); the consecrated gathering for Baal that masks Jehu's purge.
τῷforDativearticle (with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaaldative of advantage (recipient: 'for Baal')→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; the deity in whose honor the festival is ostensibly proclaimed.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκήρυξανthey proclaimedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κηρύσσωmain verb (the proclamation made)→ constative aoristκηρύσσω: 'proclaim / announce publicly'; renders קָרָא; the heralds publicly announce the festival, ensuring the Baal-worshipers gather.
21

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ιου ἐν παντὶ Ισραηλ λέγων καὶ νῦν πάντες οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ Βααλ καὶ πάντες οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ προφῆται αὐτοῦ μηδεὶς ἀπολειπέσθω ὅτι θυσίαν μεγάλην ποιῶ ὃς ἂν ἀπολειφθῇ οὐ ζήσεται καὶ ἦλθον πάντες οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ Βααλ καὶ πάντες οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ προφῆται αὐτοῦ οὐ κατελείφθη ἀνήρ ὃς οὐ παρεγένετο καὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Βααλ καὶ ἐπλήσθη ὁ οἶκος τοῦ Βααλ στόμα εἰς στόμα

And Jehu sent throughout all Israel, saying, 'And now, all the servants of Baal and all his priests and all his prophets — let no one be absent, for I am making a great sacrifice; whoever is absent shall not live.' And all the servants of Baal came, and all his priests and all his prophets; not a man was left who did not come; and they entered the house of Baal, and the house of Baal was filled from end to end.

The nationwide summons and its complete success: the temple filledκαὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ιου ἐν παντὶ Ισραηλ
The summons goes out 'throughout all Israel'; the command and death-threat of v. 19 are restated (μηδεὶς ἀπολειπέσθω … ὃς ἂν ἀπολειφθῇ οὐ ζήσεται). Total success is stressed by the double negative οὐ κατελείφθη ἀνήρ ὃς οὐ παρεγένετο ('not a man failed to come') and the vivid image ἐπλήσθη … στόμα εἰς στόμα ('packed from end to end / mouth to mouth') — the whole Baal-community is now trapped inside the temple.
Word-by-word analysis· 74 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (the nationwide summons)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; Jehu dispatches the summons throughout the kingdom.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, issuing the kingdom-wide call.
ἐνthroughout / inpreposition + dative (extent: 'throughout')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here of extent, 'throughout all Israel.'
παντὶallDativeadjective (modifying Ισραηλ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'throughout all Israel' marks the comprehensive reach of the summons.
ΙσραηλIsraeldative of extent (indeclinable: 'in/throughout Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; the northern kingdom, across which the call to the Baal-festival goes out.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing the proclamation)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (pres. part.): λέγων = Hebrew לֵאמֹר, introducing the content of the summons.
καὶandconjunction (with νῦν, transition within speech)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (rhetorical transition)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν introduces the operative demand.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying δοῦλοι, fronted nominative)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensive call to every category of Baal-worshiper.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιservants / worshipersNominativesubject/casus pendens ('the servants of Baal')→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant / devotee'; the lay worshipers of Baal.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying ἱερεῖς)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; second category summoned.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject/casus pendens (second category)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; the sacrificing clergy of Baal.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Baal's priests)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Baal's priests).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying προφῆται)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; third category summoned.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφῆταιprophetsNominativesubject/casus pendens (third category)→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; the prophets of Baal.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Baal's prophets)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Baal's prophets).
μηδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of ἀπολειπέσθω (negative pronoun)→ participant referenceμηδείς: 'no one'; with the prohibitive imperative, 'let no one be absent.'
ἀπολειπέσθωlet be absent / stay awayPres Mid/Pass Impv 3 Sg · ἀπολείπωmain verb (prohibitive imperative)→ present prohibitive imperativeἀπολείπω (mid./pass.): 'leave behind / be left behind / stay away'; μηδεὶς ἀπολειπέσθω = 'let no one stay away,' demanding full attendance.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; gives the pretended reason.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object of ποιῶ→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice'; the 'great sacrifice' is the fictitious pretext (cf. v. 19).
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσίαν)→ object specificationμέγας (fem. μεγάλην): 'great'; magnifies the supposed festival.
ποιῶI make / am offeringPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (Jehu's stated intent)→ futuristic/progressive presentποιέω: 'make / offer'; θυσίαν ποιῶ = 'I am holding/offering a sacrifice'; the present asserts the (false) imminent festival.
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (with ἄν, indefinite subject of ἀπολειφθῇ)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; with ἄν, 'whoever.'
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive, indefinite)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle marking the indefinite relative + subjunctive.
ἀπολειφθῇis absentAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ἀπολείπωverb of indefinite relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctiveἀπολείπω (aor. pass. subj.): 'be left behind / be absent'; whoever stays away is condemned to death.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating ζήσεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζήσεταιshall liveFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb (death-threat)→ predictive futureζάω: 'live'; 'shall not live' = shall die; the death-penalty enforcing full attendance.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (shift to fulfillment)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονcameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (the worshipers gather)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; the Baal-worshipers assemble en masse, walking into the trap.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying δοῦλοι)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the completeness of the turnout.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιservantsNominativesubject of ἦλθον→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant / worshiper'; the devotees who came.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying ἱερεῖς)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the priests too came in full.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject (parallel to δοῦλοι)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; Baal's clergy.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying προφῆται)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the prophets came in full.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφῆταιprophetsNominativesubject (parallel to δοῦλοι)→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; Baal's prophets.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating κατελείφθη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατελείφθηwas leftAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · καταλείπωmain verb (totality of attendance)→ constative aorist passiveκαταλείπω (aor. pass.): 'be left (behind)'; οὐ κατελείφθη ἀνήρ = 'not a man was left out' — the double negative with the following clause stresses absolute attendance.
ἀνήρa manNominativesubject of κατελείφθη→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; 'not a man' stayed away.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of παρεγένετο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; 'who (did not come)' — the relative clause completes the emphatic double negative.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating παρεγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεγένετοcame / was presentAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · παραγίνομαιverb of the relative clause→ constative aoristπαραγίνομαι: 'come / arrive / be present'; the double negative 'there was no man who did not come' = absolutely everyone came.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθονthey enteredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (entering the temple)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'; the worshipers go into the temple of Baal — into the trap.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / templeAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the temple)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; here the 'house/temple of Baal,' the cult-building where the slaughter will occur.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'temple of Baal')→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; his temple, soon to be packed with victims and then demolished.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλήσθηwas filledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πίμπλημιmain verb (the temple packed)→ constative aorist passiveπίμπλημι (aor. pass. ἐπλήσθη): 'be filled / be full'; the temple is filled to capacity, sealing the trap.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouse / templeNominativesubject of ἐπλήσθη→ participant prominenceοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the temple of Baal, now packed full.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
στόμαmouth / endAccusativeadverbial accusative (idiom: 'from end to end')→ object specificationστόμα: 'mouth'; the idiom στόμα εἰς στόμα ('mouth to mouth' = 'from end to end / packed full') renders פֶּה לָפֶה, vividly conveying that the temple was crammed wall-to-wall.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (in the idiom στόμα εἰς στόμα)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (in the idiom στόμα εἰς στόμα).
στόμαmouth / endAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (completing the idiom)→ object specificationστόμα: 'mouth'; completes the idiom 'from one end to the other,' i.e. completely full.
22

καὶ εἶπεν Ιου τῷ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου μεσθααλ ἐξάγαγε ἐνδύματα πᾶσι τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ Βααλ καὶ ἐξήνεγκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ στολιστής

And Jehu said to the keeper of the wardrobe, 'Bring out vestments for all the servants of Baal.' And the keeper of the robes brought them out for them.

Provision of cultic vestments: marking the victimsκαὶ εἶπεν Ιου
Jehu orders the keeper of the wardrobe (μεσθααλ, a transliterated Hebrew term for the vestry) to distribute ritual garments (ἐνδύματα) to every Baal-worshiper. This both lends the festival authenticity and conveniently marks out the victims, so none of the LORD's people will be mistaken for Baalists in the coming massacre (cf. v. 23).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's command about the vestments.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu.
τῷto the (one)Dativearticle (substantivizing the prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (authority: 'over the house/wardrobe')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'over / in charge of'; ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴκου = the official over the (vestment-)house.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouse / wardrobeGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the wardrobe administered)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; here the storehouse/wardrobe of cultic garments, glossed by the following μεσθααλ.
μεσθααλ(of) the wardrobetransliterated Hebrew term (indeclinable, glossing 'house')→ clausal contributionμεσθααλ: transliteration of a Hebrew word (cf. מֶלְתָּחָה, 'wardrobe / vestry'), left untranslated in the Greek; it specifies the 'house' as the vestment-store, so 'the one over the wardrobe' = the keeper of the robes.
ἐξάγαγεbring outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξάγωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperativeἐξάγω: 'lead/bring out'; Jehu orders the vestments brought out from storage for distribution.
ἐνδύματαgarments / vestmentsAccusativedirect object of ἐξάγαγε→ object specificationἔνδυμα: 'garment / clothing / vestment'; renders לְבוּשׁ; ceremonial robes worn by Baal's devotees at the festival — and the badge that marks them for death.
πᾶσιfor allDativeadjective (modifying δούλοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; every worshiper is to be vested, ensuring none escapes identification.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservants / worshipersDativedative of advantage (recipients of the garments)→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant / worshiper'; the Baal-devotees who receive the vestments.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήνεγκενbrought outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκφέρωmain verb (command executed)→ constative aoristἐκφέρω (aor. ἐξήνεγκεν): 'carry/bring out'; the wardrobe-keeper duly brings out the vestments.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage (the worshipers)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'for them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (the worshipers).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολιστήςkeeper of the robes / vestment-keeperNominativesubject of ἐξήνεγκεν→ participant prominenceστολιστής: 'keeper of robes / vestment-keeper' (from στολή, 'robe'); the official in charge of the ceremonial garments, who distributes them to the assembled worshipers.
23

καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ιου καὶ Ιωναδαβ υἱὸς Ρηχαβ εἰς οἶκον τοῦ Βααλ καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ Βααλ ἐρευνήσατε καὶ ἴδετε εἰ ἔστιν μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν τῶν δούλων κυρίου ὅτι ἀλλ᾿ ἢ οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ Βααλ μονώτατοι

And Jehu and Jehonadab son of Rechab entered the house of Baal, and he said to the servants of Baal, 'Search and see that there is none here with you of the servants of the LORD, but only the servants of Baal alone.'

The screening: ensuring only Baal-worshipers are presentκαὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ιου καὶ Ιωναδαβ
Jehu and his ally Jehonadab enter and order a search (ἐρευνήσατε καὶ ἴδετε) to confirm that no servant of the LORD (τῶν δούλων κυρίου) is mingled among them — ostensibly for cultic purity, in fact to ensure that only Baalists (μονώτατοι, 'utterly alone') will perish in the slaughter.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενenteredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (singular with compound subject)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'; the singular verb with a compound subject (Ιου καὶ Ιωναδαβ) is normal Greek/Hebrew idiom, agreeing with the first subject.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining subjects)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωναδαβJehonadabsecond subject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωναδαβ: Jehonadab, Jehu's ally, present as witness to the purge of Baal.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωναδαβ→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; identifies Jehonadab's lineage.
Ρηχαβof Rechabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡηχαβ: Rechab; Jehonadab's father/ancestor.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
οἶκονhouse / templeAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the temple of Baal.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehu's command)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Jehu's order to search the assembly.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservants / worshipersDativeindirect object of εἶπεν→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant / worshiper'; the Baal-devotees, addressed by Jehu.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
ἐρευνήσατεsearchAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἐρευνάωmain verb (imperative)→ aorist imperativeἐρευνάω: 'search / examine carefully'; renders חָפַשׂ; Jehu orders the gathering screened to remove any non-Baalist.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδετεseeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (imperative, paired with ἐρευνήσατε)→ aorist imperativeὁράω (aor. impv. ἴδετε): 'see / make sure'; 'search and see (that)' — verify the purity of the assembly.
εἰwhether / thatconjunction (introducing object clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'whether / if'; introduces the content to be verified, '(whether) there is anyone…'
ἔστινthere isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of the object clause→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be / exist'; 'whether there is (any servant of the LORD) among you.'
μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with / among.'
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλωνservantsGenitivepartitive genitive ('any of the servants of the LORD')→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; here 'servants of the LORD,' the YHWH-worshipers who must not be present at the slaughter.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying δούλων)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); 'servants of the LORD' are deliberately distinguished from the 'servants of Baal'; the precaution ensures no worshiper of YHWH dies in the purge.
ὅτιbut / thatconjunction (introducing the desired result)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: here 'that / so that,' introducing the stipulated condition — only Baalists are to remain.
ἀλλ᾿butadversative particle (in idiom ἀλλ᾿ ἤ: 'except / but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but'; the idiom ἀλλ᾿ ἤ = 'except / but only,' rendering Hebrew כִּי אִם.
than / onlyparticle (with ἀλλά: 'but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or / than'; in ἀλλ᾿ ἤ forms the restrictive 'but only,' isolating the Baalists.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιservants / worshipersNominativesubject of the verbless clause (predicate μονώτατοι)→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant / worshiper'; here the servants of Baal, who alone are to be present.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
μονώτατοιalone / by themselvesNominativepredicate adjective (superlative: 'utterly alone')→ participant prominenceμόνος (superlative μονώτατος): 'alone / only'; the superlative 'entirely by themselves / utterly alone' stresses that the assembly must consist of Baalists exclusively — sealing the victims' isolation before the slaughter.
24

καὶ εἰσῆλθεν τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὰ θύματα καὶ τὰ ὁλοκαυτώματα καὶ Ιου ἔταξεν ἑαυτῷ ἔξω ὀγδοήκοντα ἄνδρας καὶ εἶπεν ἀνήρ ὃς ἐὰν διασωθῇ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ὧν ἐγὼ ἀνάγω ἐπὶ χεῖρας ὑμῶν ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ

And he went in to offer the sacrifices and the burnt offerings. Now Jehu had stationed for himself eighty men outside, and had said, 'Any man who lets one escape from the men whom I bring into your hands — his life shall be for that man's life.'

The sacrifices begun; the death-detail posted outsideκαὶ εἰσῆλθεν τοῦ ποιῆσαι
While the sacrifices begin inside (τοῦ ποιῆσαι τὰ θύματα καὶ τὰ ὁλοκαυτώματα), Jehu has secretly posted eighty armed men outside with a chilling order: any who lets a victim escape forfeits his own life (ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, 'his life for the other's life'). The trap is fully set.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενhe went inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (entering to sacrifice)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; the worshipers (or Jehu's company) go in to perform the sacrificial rites.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (with infinitive ποιῆσαι: purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιto make / offerAor Act Inf · ποιέωarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ ποιῆσαι: 'to offer')→ constative aorist infinitiveποιέω (aor. inf.): 'make / offer'; the articular infinitive of purpose, 'to offer the sacrifices'; ποιέω + θυσίαν is standard for 'offer a sacrifice.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύματαsacrifices / victimsAccusativedirect object of ποιῆσαι→ object specificationθῦμα: 'sacrifice / sacrificial victim'; renders זֶבַח; the slain offerings of the festival.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώματαburnt offeringsAccusativedirect object (parallel to θύματα)→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; renders עֹלָה; the offerings wholly consumed by fire; their completion (v. 25) is the signal for the slaughter.
καὶnow / andconjunction (introducing parenthetical/background)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, who has prepared the ambush.
ἔταξενstationed / postedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τάσσωmain verb (posting the guards)→ constative aorist (pluperfect sense: 'had stationed')τάσσω: 'arrange / station / appoint'; renders שִׂים / פָּקַד; Jehu had posted his men in advance — the aorist functions here as a pluperfect of prior arrangement.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfDativereflexive dative (advantage: 'for himself')→ sphere or referenceἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun; 'for himself,' i.e. at his own disposal.
ἔξωoutsideadverb of place (location of the guards)→ clausal contributionἔξω: 'outside'; the eighty men are stationed outside the temple to cut off any escape.
ὀγδοήκονταeightynumeral (indeclinable, modifying ἄνδρας)→ measure or countὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty'; the size of the execution-detail posted outside.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of ἔταξεν→ object specificationἀνήρ: 'man'; the eighty armed men of Jehu's guard.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehu's order to the guards)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces the death-penalty warning to the guards.
ἀνήρthe manNominativefronted nominative (casus pendens, antecedent of ὅς)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; the fronted 'the man who…' (resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ) is a conditional-relative construction setting the penalty.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (with ἐάν, indefinite)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; with ἐάν, 'whoever.'
ἐὰνeverconditional particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: with the relative, indefinite 'whoever,' governing the subjunctive διασωθῇ.
διασωθῇescapes / is savedAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · διασῴζωverb of conditional-relative clause (subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctiveδιασῴζω (aor. pass. subj.): 'bring safely through / escape'; the passive 'is let escape'; the condition is: if any victim escapes, the guard responsible dies.
ἀπὸfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the men')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the men').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenGenitivepartitive genitive (the victims)→ relational specificationἀνήρ: 'man'; the Baal-worshipers Jehu is handing over for slaughter.
ὧνwhomGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive by attraction; object of ἀνάγω)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; 'whom I bring,' its genitive form attracted to the antecedent ἀνδρῶν.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I'; Jehu stresses that he personally delivers the victims into the guards' hands.
ἀνάγωI bring up / deliverPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀνάγωverb of the relative clause→ futuristic/progressive presentἀνάγω: 'lead up / bring'; here 'bring/deliver into your hands'; the present marks the imminent handing-over of the victims.
ἐπὶinto / uponpreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into your hands')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: in the idiom ἐπὶ χεῖρας ('into the hands of'), denoting handing over to someone's power.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (idiom: 'into your hands')→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; ἐπὶ χεῖρας ὑμῶν = 'into your hands / power,' the guards' responsibility.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying χεῖρας)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying χεῖρας).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴlife / soulNominativesubject of the (verbless) penalty clause→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'life / soul'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; the 'life-for-life' formula ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ states the lex talionis penalty for negligent guards.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the guard's life)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the guard's life).
ἀντὶfor / in place ofpreposition + genitive (exchange: 'in place of')→ spatial or relational framingἀντί + gen.: 'in place of / in exchange for'; the talionic 'life for life.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςlife / soulGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (the escaped victim's life)→ relational specificationψυχή: 'life'; the life of the escaped victim, for which the negligent guard answers with his own.
αὐτοῦhis / that man'sGenitivegenitive of possession (the escaped man's life)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the escaped man's life).
25

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς συνετέλεσεν ποιῶν τὴν ὁλοκαύτωσιν καὶ εἶπεν Ιου τοῖς παρατρέχουσιν καὶ τοῖς τριστάταις εἰσελθόντες πατάξατε αὐτούς ἀνὴρ μὴ ἐξελθάτω ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπάταξαν αὐτοὺς ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας καὶ ἔρριψαν οἱ παρατρέχοντες καὶ οἱ τριστάται καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἕως πόλεως οἴκου τοῦ Βααλ

And it came about, as soon as he had finished offering the burnt offering, that Jehu said to the runners and to the officers, 'Go in and strike them down; let not a man come out of them.' And they struck them down with the edge of the sword, and the runners and the officers threw them out and went on to the inner shrine of the house of Baal.

The slaughter: the signal, the command, and its executionκαὶ ἐγένετο ὡς συνετέλεσεν
The completion of the burnt offering (ὡς συνετέλεσεν) is the agreed signal. Jehu commands his runners (παρατρέχοντες, the royal guard) and officers (τριστάται) to strike with the death-warrant ἀνὴρ μὴ ἐξελθάτω ('let not a man escape'). The slaughter ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας ('by the edge of the sword') is total; the bodies are flung out and the troops press on to the inner shrine.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (with ἐγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came aboutAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal-fulfillment formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς = 'and it came about as / when,' the Hebraizing temporal formula marking the decisive moment.
ὡςas soon astemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / when'; marks the completion of the offering as the trigger.
συνετέλεσενhe finishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωverb of the temporal clause→ constative aorist (completion)συντελέω: 'complete / finish'; renders כָּלָה; the finishing of the burnt offering is the prearranged signal for the slaughter.
ποιῶνoffering / makingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωsupplementary participle (with συνετέλεσεν: 'finished offering')→ imperfective present participle (habitual practice)ποιέω (pres. part.): 'make / offer'; the supplementary participle completes συντελέω, 'finished making (the offering)' — a common Greek construction with verbs of completing.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωσινburnt offeringAccusativedirect object of ποιῶν→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering / holocaust'; renders עֹלָה; the completion of this offering signals the start of the massacre.
καὶthat / andapodotic καί (after the temporal clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Jehu's order)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces the order to slaughter.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, giving the kill-order.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (substantivizing παρατρέχουσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατρέχουσινrunners / guardsPres Act Part Dat Pl Masc · παρατρέχωsubstantivized participle (indirect object: 'the runners')→ verbal action or stateπαρατρέχω (pres. part.): 'run alongside'; the substantivized οἱ παρατρέχοντες = 'the runners,' the royal bodyguard/couriers (rendering הָרָצִים) who escorted and protected the king.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριστάταιςofficers / captainsDativeindirect object (parallel to παρατρέχουσιν)→ sphere or referenceτριστάτης: 'officer / adjutant / third man (on a chariot)'; renders שָׁלִישׁ; high-ranking military officers, here the executioners alongside the runners.
εἰσελθόντεςgoing inAor Act Part Nom Pl Masc · εἰσέρχομαιcircumstantial participle (attendant: 'having entered')→ verbal action or stateεἰσέρχομαι (aor. part.): 'enter'; the participle 'going in' precedes the imperative — 'enter and strike.'
πατάξατεstrike downAor Act Impv 2 Pl · πατάσσωmain verb (the kill-command)→ aorist imperativeπατάσσω: 'strike / kill'; the chapter's keyword; the imperative launches the massacre of the trapped worshipers.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of πατάξατε→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of πατάξατε.
ἀνὴρa manNominativesubject of ἐξελθάτω ('let not a man …')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; with the prohibitive, 'let not a single man escape.'
μὴnotnegative particle (prohibitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελθάτωlet come out / escapeAor Act Impv 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (third-person prohibitive imperative)→ aorist prohibitive imperativeἐξέρχομαι (aor. impv.): 'go out / escape'; ἀνὴρ μὴ ἐξελθάτω = 'let not a man get out,' demanding that none survive.
ἐξof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (partitive: 'of them')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐξ (partitive: 'of them').
καὶandnarrative conjunction (fulfillment)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξανthey struck downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πατάσσωmain verb (execution of the order)→ constative aoristπατάσσω: 'strike / kill'; the guards carry out the slaughter.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπάταξαν→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπάταξαν.
ἐνwith / bypreposition + dative (instrument)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: instrumental, 'with'; in the idiom ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας.
στόματιedge / mouthDativedative in idiom (στόματι ῥομφαίας: 'edge of the sword')→ sphere or referenceστόμα: 'mouth'; the idiom ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας ('with the mouth/edge of the sword') renders לְפִי חֶרֶב, a standard phrase for slaughter — note the grim echo of στόμα εἰς στόμα (v. 21).
ῥομφαίαςswordGenitivegenitive (with στόματι: 'edge of the sword')→ relational specificationῥομφαία: 'large sword / broadsword'; renders חֶרֶב; the instrument of the massacre.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔρριψανthrew / flung outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ῥίπτωmain verb (disposing of the bodies)→ constative aoristῥίπτω: 'throw / cast / fling'; the guards fling out the slain (the bodies are cast outside); contemptuous disposal of the Baalists' corpses.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing παρατρέχοντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατρέχοντεςrunners / guardsPres Act Part Nom Pl Masc · παρατρέχωsubstantivized participle (subject of ἔρριψαν)→ imperfective participle (the royal couriers/guards)παρατρέχω (pres. part.): 'the runners,' the royal guard, now as subject — they dispose of the bodies and advance.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριστάταιofficersNominativesubject (parallel to παρατρέχοντες)→ participant prominenceτριστάτης: 'officer / captain'; the military officers, co-subjects of the advance.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθησανthey went onAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (advance into the shrine)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go / proceed'; the troops press on to the innermost part of the temple to complete the destruction.
ἕωςto / as far aspreposition + genitive (extent: 'as far as')→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; marks the limit of their advance — the inner shrine.
πόλεωςcity / inner shrineGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; here apparently the fortified inner sanctuary or citadel of the temple-complex (rendering a Hebrew term for the inner shrine, עִיר); the troops penetrate to the holiest, most defended part.
οἴκουhouse / templeGenitivegenitive (modifying πόλεως: 'shrine of the house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the temple of Baal, whose inner shrine is now breached.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; his temple, now both slaughterhouse and target of demolition.
26

καὶ ἐξήνεγκαν τὴν στήλην τοῦ Βααλ καὶ ἐνέπρησαν αὐτήν

And they brought out the pillar of Baal and burned it.

Desecration begins: the sacred pillar burnedκαὶ ἐξήνεγκαν
The destruction of the cult-objects begins: the sacred pillar (στήλη, the maṣṣebah) is dragged out and burned (ἐνέπρησαν), the first stage in the systematic dismantling of Baal-worship in vv. 26–28.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήνεγκανthey brought outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκφέρωmain verb (removal of the pillar)→ constative aoristἐκφέρω (aor. ἐξήνεγκαν): 'carry/bring out'; the sacred pillar is dragged out of the temple for destruction.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήληνpillar / standing-stoneAccusativedirect object of ἐξήνεγκαν→ object specificationστήλη: 'pillar / standing-stone / stele'; renders מַצֵּבָה; the sacred cult-pillar of Baal, an object of veneration now destroyed.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; the deity whose cult-pillar is burned.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπρησανburnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμπίμπρημιmain verb (the burning)→ constative aoristἐμπίμπρημι (aor. ἐνέπρησαν): 'set on fire / burn up'; renders שָׂרַף; the pillar is consumed by fire, a definitive act of desecration.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of ἐνέπρησαν (the pillar)→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐνέπρησαν (the pillar).
27

καὶ κατέσπασαν τὰς στήλας τοῦ Βααλ καὶ καθεῖλον τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Βααλ καὶ ἔταξαν αὐτὸν εἰς λυτρῶνας ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης

And they pulled down the pillars of Baal and demolished the house of Baal, and made it into latrines, to this day.

Complete demolition: pillars torn down, temple made a latrineκαὶ κατέσπασαν
The desecration is completed and made permanent: the pillars are torn down (κατέσπασαν), the temple demolished (καθεῖλον), and the site degraded into a latrine (εἰς λυτρῶνας) — the ultimate defilement of a holy place. The etiological note ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day') vouches for the lasting reality of the desecration.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέσπασανthey pulled downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κατασπάωmain verb (tearing down the pillars)→ constative aoristκατασπάω: 'pull/drag down'; the compound κατα- marks downward demolition; the cult-pillars are torn down.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήλαςpillarsAccusativedirect object of κατέσπασαν→ object specificationστήλη: 'pillar / standing-stone'; the plural here, the several cult-pillars of the Baal sanctuary.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθεῖλονdemolishedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καθαιρέωmain verb (demolition of the temple)→ constative aoristκαθαιρέω (aor. καθεῖλον): 'take down / demolish / destroy'; renders נָתַץ / הָרַס; the temple of Baal is pulled down to the ground.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / templeAccusativedirect object of καθεῖλον→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the temple of Baal, now demolished.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔταξανthey made / appointedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · τάσσωmain verb (repurposing the site)→ constative aoristτάσσω: 'appoint / set / designate'; here 'made/designated it as,' converting the sacred site to a profane use.
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of ἔταξαν (the site)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔταξαν (the site).
εἰςinto / aspreposition + accusative (result: 'into latrines')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here of result/transformation, 'into / as.'
λυτρῶναςlatrines / priviesAccusativeaccusative of result (object of εἰς)→ object specificationλυτρών (pl. λυτρῶνας): 'latrine / privy'; renders מוֹצָאוֹת / מַחֲרָאוֹת ('dung-places'); converting Baal's temple into a public latrine is the most degrading possible desecration of the cult-site.
ἕωςto / untilpreposition + genitive (temporal extent)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until'; in the etiological formula 'to this day.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day') is the standard etiological formula attesting the enduring result; renders עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρας)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; the deictic anchors the note in the narrator's present, vouching for the lasting desecration.
28

καὶ ἠφάνισεν Ιου τὸν Βααλ ἐξ Ισραηλ

So Jehu abolished Baal from Israel.

Summary statement: Jehu's eradication of Baal-worshipκαὶ ἠφάνισεν Ιου
The terse summary ἠφάνισεν Ιου τὸν Βααλ ἐξ Ισραηλ ('Jehu wiped out Baal from Israel') closes the Baal-purge unit (vv. 18–28) and forms a deliberate counterpoint to the next verses' qualification: he abolished Baal, yet did not abolish the calf-cult of Jeroboam (vv. 29–31).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶso / andnarrative conjunction (summarizing)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'so'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠφάνισενabolished / wiped outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφανίζωmain verb (the summary act)→ constative aoristἀφανίζω: 'destroy / wipe out / make to disappear'; the same verb used of Ahab's house (v. 17, ἀφανίσαι); Jehu 'made Baal vanish' from Israel — total eradication of the cult.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, credited with the abolition of Baal-worship.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaaldirect object of ἠφάνισεν (indeclinable, articular)→ participant identificationΒααλ: Baal; the cult and its worship, here treated as a single object 'wiped out' of the land.
ἐξfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (separation: 'from Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: 'from Israel').
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of separation (indeclinable: 'from Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, from which Baal-worship is eradicated — though the calf-cult remains (v. 29).
29

πλὴν ἁμαρτιῶν Ιεροβοαμ υἱοῦ Ναβατ ὃς ἐξήμαρτεν τὸν Ισραηλ οὐκ ἀπέστη Ιου ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν αὐτῶν αἱ δαμάλεις αἱ χρυσαῖ ἐν Βαιθηλ καὶ ἐν Δαν

Only from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who made Israel sin, Jehu did not turn away from following after them — the golden calves that were in Bethel and in Dan.

Theological qualification: Jehu's persistence in the calf-cultπλὴν ἁμαρτιῶν Ιεροβοαμ
The adversative πλήν ('only / however') sharply qualifies the praise of v. 28: though Jehu wiped out Baal, he did not abandon the foundational sin of the northern kingdom — Jeroboam's golden calves (αἱ δαμάλεις αἱ χρυσαῖ) at Bethel and Dan (3 Kgdms 12:28–30). The standard Deuteronomistic formula ὃς ἐξήμαρτεν τὸν Ισραηλ ('who made Israel sin') is applied to Jeroboam.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
πλὴνonly / howeveradversative particle (restrictive: 'only / except')→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / only / however'; renders רַק; sharply restricts the preceding commendation — Jehu's reform did not extend to the calf-cult.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitivegenitive (with ἀπέστη … ἀπό: 'from the sins')→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת; the 'sins of Jeroboam' is the Deuteronomistic shorthand for the calf-cult that defined northern apostasy.
Ιεροβοαμof Jeroboamgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sins of Jeroboam')→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliteration of Hebrew יָרָבְעָם (Jeroboam I); indeclinable; the first king of the divided north, who instituted the golden-calf shrines.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ιεροβοαμ→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic identifies Jeroboam I (son of Nebat), distinguishing him from later kings.
Ναβατof Nebatgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'son of Nebat')→ participant identificationΝαβατ: transliteration of Hebrew נְבָט (Nebat); indeclinable; Jeroboam's father.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐξήμαρτεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, 'who,' referring to Jeroboam.
ἐξήμαρτενmade to sinAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαμαρτάνωverb of the relative clause (causative)→ constative aorist (causative)ἐξαμαρτάνω: causative 'cause to sin / lead into sin'; renders the Hiphil of חָטָא; the formula ὃς ἐξήμαρτεν τὸν Ισραηλ ('who made Israel sin') is the recurring Deuteronomistic indictment of Jeroboam (cf. 3 Kgdms 14:16).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ισραηλ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraeldirect object of ἐξήμαρτεν (indeclinable, articular)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, led into sin by Jeroboam's calf-cult.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἀπέστη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστηturned awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίστημιmain verb (Jehu's failure)→ constative aoristἀφίστημι (aor. ἀπέστη): intransitive 'depart / turn away'; renders סוּר; 'Jehu did not turn away from' the calf-sins — he retained the state cult for political reasons.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, whose reform stopped short of the calf-cult.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation, with ὄπισθεν)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; with ὄπισθεν, 'from after / from following.'
ὄπισθενbehind / afteradverb/preposition ('from following after them')→ spatial or relational framingὄπισθεν: 'behind / after'; the idiom ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν ('from after / from following') renders מֵאַחֲרֵי, the language of (dis)loyalty to a cult — Jehu did not stop 'following after' the calves.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive (with ὄπισθεν: 'after them' — the calves)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive (with ὄπισθεν: 'after them' — the calves).
αἱtheNominativearticle (in apposition, explaining αὐτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δαμάλειςheifers / calvesNominativenominative in apposition (explanatory: 'the golden calves')→ participant prominenceδάμαλις: 'heifer / young cow'; renders עֵגֶל (calf); the LXX uses δάμαλις for the golden calf-images; the appositional nominative loosely identifies 'them' (αὐτῶν) as the calves — a Hebraizing anacoluthon.
αἱtheNominativearticle (attributive position with χρυσαῖ)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσαῖgoldenNominativeattributive adjective (modifying δαμάλεις)→ participant prominenceχρυσοῦς (fem. χρυσῆ/χρυσαῖ): 'golden'; the golden calves Jeroboam set up at the two royal sanctuaries.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΒαιθηλBethellocative of place (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαιθηλ: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית אֵל (Bethel); indeclinable; the southern royal shrine of the north, site of one golden calf.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΔανDanlocative of place (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן (Dan); indeclinable; the northern royal shrine, site of the other golden calf.
30

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Ιου ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ὅσα ἠγάθυνας ποιῆσαι τὸ εὐθὲς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς μου καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου ἐποίησας τῷ οἴκῳ Αχααβ υἱοὶ τέταρτοι καθήσονταί σοι ἐπὶ θρόνου Ισραηλ

And the LORD said to Jehu, 'Because you have done well in doing what is right in my eyes, and have done to the house of Ahab all that was in my heart, sons of the fourth generation shall sit for you on the throne of Israel.'

Divine oracle: reward of a four-generation dynastyκαὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Ιου
The LORD's oracle rewards Jehu's zeal against Ahab's house: ἀνθ᾿ ὧν … ἠγάθυνας ('because you have done well') in carrying out the divine purpose (πάντα … ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου), the dynasty is granted four generations on Israel's throne (υἱοὶ τέταρτοι καθήσονταί σοι) — fulfilled in Jehoahaz, Joash, Jeroboam II, and Zechariah (cf. 15:12).
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (divine speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces the LORD's oracle to Jehu.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of εἶπεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the LORD himself addresses Jehu, granting the dynastic promise.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
ΙουJehuaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, recipient of the oracle.
ἀνθ᾿because / in return forpreposition + genitive (causal idiom, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί: 'in place of / in return for'; the idiom ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ('because / in return for which') renders יַעַן אֲשֶׁר / תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר, marking the ground of reward.
ὧνwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive in idiom ἀνθ᾿ ὧν)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; in ἀνθ᾿ ὧν forms the causal 'because.'
ὅσαas much as / in thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἠγάθυνας / ποιῆσαι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatever'; the neuter plural reinforces the causal clause, 'in all that you did well.'
ἠγάθυναςyou did wellAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀγαθύνωverb of the causal clause→ constative aoristἀγαθύνω: 'do well / make good'; renders the Hiphil of יָטַב; 'you have done well (in doing what is right)' commends Jehu's execution of the divine judgment.
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (with ἠγάθυνας: 'did well to do')→ constative aorist infinitiveποιέω (aor. inf.): 'do'; the complementary infinitive, 'you did well to do what is right.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing εὐθές)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθὲςright / uprightAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object of ποιῆσαι: 'the right thing')→ object specificationεὐθύς (neut. εὐθές): 'straight / right'; τὸ εὐθὲς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς μου ('what is right in my eyes') renders הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינַי, the standard idiom for divinely approved conduct.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (idiom: 'in my eyes')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (idiom: 'in my eyes').
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative in idiom (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς: 'in the sight of')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς μου = 'in my sight / judgment' (renders בְּעֵינַי).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying ὅσα: 'all that')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all that was in my heart' — the full scope of the divine purpose Jehu carried out.
ὅσαas much as / thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησας)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatever'; 'all that was in my heart.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of place (locative: 'in my heart')→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; 'all that was in my heart' = the LORD's intended judgment on Ahab's house, which Jehu fully executed.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying καρδίᾳ).
ἐποίησαςyou have doneAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of the causal clause (second deed praised)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do'; 'you have done to the house of Ahab all that was in my heart' — Jehu's purge fulfilled the divine intent.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative (indirect object: 'to the house of Ahab')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / dynasty'; the house of Ahab, against which the judgment was carried out.
Αχααβof Ahabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχααβ: Ahab; his house destroyed by Jehu.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of καθήσονται→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son / descendant'; Jehu's descendants who will hold the throne.
τέταρτοιof the fourth (generation)Nominativeordinal adjective (modifying υἱοί: 'to the fourth generation')→ participant prominenceτέταρτος: 'fourth'; υἱοὶ τέταρτοι = 'sons of the fourth (generation),' the four generations of Jehu's dynasty (Jehoahaz, Joash, Jeroboam II, Zechariah) promised the throne (cf. 15:12).
καθήσονταίshall sitFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · κάθημαιmain verb (the dynastic promise)→ predictive future (divine grant)κάθημαι (fut. καθήσονται): 'sit / be seated'; 'shall sit on the throne' = shall reign; the future expresses the LORD's guaranteed grant of four royal generations.
σοιfor youDativedative of advantage ('for you / belonging to you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'for you'; the dative of advantage marks the dynasty as Jehu's own line.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position: 'on the throne')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position: 'on the throne').
θρόνουthroneGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position)→ relational specificationθρόνος: 'throne'; the royal seat of Israel, granted to four generations of Jehu's house.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'throne of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, over which Jehu's dynasty will reign for four generations.
31

καὶ Ιου οὐκ ἐφύλαξεν πορεύεσθαι ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀπέστη ἐπάνωθεν ἁμαρτιῶν Ιεροβοαμ υἱοῦ Ναβατ ὃς ἐξήμαρτεν τὸν Ισραηλ

But Jehu was not careful to walk in the law of the LORD the God of Israel with all his heart; he did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who made Israel sin.

Final assessment: Jehu's incomplete obedienceκαὶ Ιου οὐκ ἐφύλαξεν
The narrator's verdict balances the reward of v. 30: Jehu did not 'guard' (ἐφύλαξεν) the law with whole-hearted devotion (ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ), and did not depart (οὐκ ἀπέστη) from Jeroboam's calf-sins. The repetition of the Jeroboam-formula (cf. v. 29) frames Jehu as a divinely-used but spiritually compromised reformer.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶbut / andnarrative conjunction (adversative in context)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, here judged for incomplete obedience.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἐφύλαξεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφύλαξενwas careful / keptAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φυλάσσωmain verb (the failure)→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / take care'; renders שָׁמַר; 'did not take care to walk in the law' — Jehu failed to keep covenant obedience wholeheartedly.
πορεύεσθαιto walkPres Mid Inf · πορεύομαιcomplementary infinitive (with ἐφύλαξεν: 'to walk')→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι (pres. inf.): 'go / walk'; the idiom 'walk in the law' (πορεύεσθαι ἐν νόμῳ, renders הָלַךְ בְּתוֹרָה) is the standard metaphor for covenant living.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in the law')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere: 'in the law').
νόμῳlawDativedative of sphere ('in the law')→ sphere or referenceνόμος: 'law'; renders תּוֹרָה; the covenant law of the LORD, which Jehu did not wholly observe.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (modifying νόμῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); 'the law of the LORD,' the divine standard.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου ('the LORD, God of Israel')→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; 'the LORD God of Israel,' the full covenant title.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'God of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the covenant people whose God is the LORD.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner: 'with all his heart')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner: 'with all his heart').
ὅλῃall / wholeDativeadjective (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceὅλος: 'whole / all'; ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ ('with all his heart') renders בְּכָל לֵב, the Deuteronomic standard of total devotion (Deut 6:5) — which Jehu lacked.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of manner (with ὅλῃ: 'with all his heart')→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; the seat of devotion; Jehu did not serve the LORD wholeheartedly.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying καρδίᾳ).
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἀπέστη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστηturned awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίστημιmain verb (persistence in sin)→ constative aoristἀφίστημι (aor. ἀπέστη): 'depart / turn away'; 'he did not turn away from' the calf-sins — echoing v. 29 to seal the verdict.
ἐπάνωθενfrom / away fromadverb/preposition + genitive (separation: 'from')→ spatial or relational framingἐπάνωθεν: 'from above / from upon / away from'; here with the genitive ἁμαρτιῶν, 'from the sins,' marking the apostasy Jehu would not abandon (renders מֵעַל).
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἐπάνωθεν)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; the calf-sins of Jeroboam, from which Jehu did not depart.
Ιεροβοαμof Jeroboamgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: Jeroboam I, author of the calf-cult.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ιεροβοαμ→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; patronymic 'son of Nebat.'
Ναβατof Nebatgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαβατ: Nebat, Jeroboam's father.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐξήμαρτεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, 'who,' referring to Jeroboam.
ἐξήμαρτενmade to sinAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαμαρτάνωverb of the relative clause (causative)→ constative aorist (causative)ἐξαμαρτάνω: causative 'cause to sin'; the recurring formula 'who made Israel sin' (cf. v. 29), sealing the indictment of the calf-cult Jehu retained.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ισραηλ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraeldirect object of ἐξήμαρτεν (indeclinable, articular)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, led into the calf-sin by Jeroboam.
32

ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἤρξατο κύριος συγκόπτειν ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτοὺς Αζαηλ ἐν παντὶ ὁρίῳ Ισραηλ

In those days the LORD began to cut Israel short, and Hazael struck them throughout all the territory of Israel.

Consequence: the beginning of territorial loss under divine judgmentἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις
The temporal marker ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ('in those days') introduces the first fruit of Jehu's incomplete obedience: the LORD himself begins to 'cut Israel short' (συγκόπτειν), using Hazael of Aram as the instrument, who strikes 'throughout all the territory of Israel' — the Transjordan losses detailed in v. 33.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedative of time (with ἐκείναις: 'in those days')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις = 'in those days,' a temporal-transition formula.
ἐκείναιςthoseDativedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέραις)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that / those'; the days of Jehu's reign, now marked by territorial decline.
ἤρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb (inceptive)→ ingressive aoristἄρχομαι: 'begin'; renders חָלַל / hifil; with the complementary infinitive συγκόπτειν, 'began to cut short,' marking the onset of judgment-by-attrition.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἤρξατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the LORD himself is the ultimate agent of Israel's shrinkage — Hazael is merely the human instrument.
συγκόπτεινto cut short / cut offPres Act Inf · συγκόπτωcomplementary infinitive (with ἤρξατο)→ verbal action or stateσυγκόπτω: 'cut down / cut to pieces / cut short'; renders קָצַץ; here of God 'cutting Israel short,' i.e. diminishing the nation's territory and power.
ἐνin / againstpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in/against Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere: 'in/against Israel').
τῷtheDativearticle (with Ισραηλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraeldative of sphere (indeclinable, articular: 'in Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, the object of the divine cutting-short.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruckAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πατάσσωmain verb (Hazael's attacks)→ constative aoristπατάσσω: 'strike / smite'; the chapter's keyword now turned against Israel — Hazael 'strikes' them, reversing the earlier blows Jehu dealt.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπάταξεν (the Israelites)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπάταξεν (the Israelites).
ΑζαηλHazaelsubject of ἐπάταξεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑζαηλ: transliteration of Hebrew חֲזָאֵל (Hazael); indeclinable; king of Aram (Damascus), anointed to be a scourge against Israel (cf. 8:12–13), here the LORD's instrument of judgment.
ἐνin / throughoutpreposition + dative (extent: 'throughout')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (extent: 'throughout').
παντὶallDativeadjective (modifying ὁρίῳ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'throughout all the territory' marks the comprehensive scope of Hazael's encroachment.
ὁρίῳterritory / borderDativedative of place (extent: 'in all the territory')→ sphere or referenceὅριον: 'boundary / territory'; renders גְּבוּל; 'all the territory of Israel' — specified in v. 33 as the Transjordan.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'territory of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, whose borders Hazael ravages.
33

ἀπὸ τοῦ Ιορδάνου κατ᾿ ἀνατολὰς ἡλίου πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν Γαλααδ τοῦ Γαδδι καὶ τοῦ Ρουβην καὶ τοῦ Μανασση ἀπὸ Αροηρ ἥ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῦ χείλους χειμάρρου Αρνων καὶ τὴν Γαλααδ καὶ τὴν Βασαν

from the Jordan eastward, all the land of Gilead, of the Gadites and the Reubenites and the Manassites, from Aroer, which is on the edge of the wadi Arnon, both Gilead and Bashan.

Geographical specification of the territory lost to Hazaelἀπὸ τοῦ Ιορδάνου
A geographical gloss on v. 32: the lost territory is the entire Transjordan — Gilead and Bashan, the tribal lands of Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh, from the southern boundary at Aroer on the Arnon northward. The detail underscores the magnitude of the judgment: the eastern half of the kingdom is stripped away.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; marks the western boundary (the Jordan) of the lost territory.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the river boundary)→ relational specificationΙορδάνης (gen. Ιορδάνου): the Greek form of Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (Jordan); declined as a first-declension masculine; the river forming the western limit of the lost Transjordan.
κατ᾿towardpreposition + accusative (direction, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'toward / in the direction of'; in the idiom κατ᾿ ἀνατολὰς ἡλίου, 'toward the sunrise / eastward.'
ἀνατολὰςeast / risingAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (direction: 'eastward')→ object specificationἀνατολή: 'rising / east'; ἀνατολαὶ ἡλίου = 'the risings of the sun / the east'; the Transjordan lies east of the Jordan.
ἡλίουof the sunGenitivegenitive (with ἀνατολάς: 'sunrise')→ relational specificationἥλιος: 'sun'; ἀνατολαὶ ἡλίου, 'the sunrise,' the standard idiom for due east (renders מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ).
πᾶσανallAccusativeadjective (modifying γῆν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the land of Gilead' — the totality of the eastern territory.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative (in apposition to the struck territory)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the territory of Gilead, here the lost region.
ΓαλααδGileadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'land of Gilead')→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: transliteration of Hebrew גִּלְעָד (Gilead); indeclinable; the central Transjordan highlands.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Γαδδι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Γαδδιof Gad / the Gaditesgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'of the Gadites')→ participant identificationΓαδδι: transliteration based on Hebrew גָּד (Gad); indeclinable; the tribe of Gad, settled in the Transjordan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Ρουβην)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ρουβηνof Reuben / the Reubenitesgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן (Reuben); indeclinable; the tribe of Reuben, in the southern Transjordan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Μανασση)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Μανασσηof Manasseh / the Manassitesgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה (Manasseh); indeclinable; the half-tribe of Manasseh, settled in the northern Transjordan/Bashan.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting point of the southern boundary)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; marks the southern limit at Aroer.
ΑροηρAroergenitive of place (indeclinable: object of ἀπό)→ participant identificationΑροηρ: transliteration of Hebrew עֲרוֹעֵר (Aroer); indeclinable; a town on the north rim of the Arnon gorge, the traditional southern boundary of Israelite Transjordan (cf. Deut 2:36).
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν; refers to Aroer)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. ἥ): relative pronoun, 'which,' introducing the locating clause for Aroer.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula of the relative clause→ stative presentεἰμί: 'is'; locates Aroer 'on the edge of the wadi Arnon.'
ἐπὶon / bypreposition + genitive (position: 'on the edge')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position: 'on the edge').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλουςedge / bank / lipGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position: 'on the bank')→ relational specificationχεῖλος: 'lip / edge / bank'; renders שָׂפָה; 'on the edge/bank of the wadi Arnon,' locating Aroer at the gorge's rim.
χειμάρρουwadi / torrent-valleyGenitivegenitive (with χείλους: 'edge of the wadi')→ relational specificationχείμαρρος: 'winter-stream / wadi / torrent'; renders נַחַל; a seasonal watercourse, here the deep Arnon gorge.
ΑρνωνArnongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'wadi Arnon')→ participant identificationΑρνων: transliteration of Hebrew אַרְנוֹן (Arnon); indeclinable; the river/gorge marking the southern frontier of the Transjordanian territory.
καὶboth / andcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'both'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Γαλααδ)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadaccusative of place (indeclinable, articular: summarizing)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: Gilead; restated to round off the catalogue of lost regions.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βασαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashanaccusative of place (indeclinable, articular)→ participant identificationΒασαν: transliteration of Hebrew בָּשָׁן (Bashan); indeclinable; the fertile northern Transjordan plateau, the last-named region lost to Hazael.
34

καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ιου καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν καὶ πᾶσα ἡ δυναστεία αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς συνάψεις ἃς συνῆψεν οὐχὶ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ισραηλ

Now the rest of the acts of Jehu, and all that he did, and all his might, and the battles which he fought — are not these written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

Regnal-source formula: reference to the royal annalsκαὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ιου
The standard Deuteronomistic citation-formula, οὐχὶ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('are not these written in the book of the chronicles…?'), refers the reader to the royal annals for Jehu's further deeds, his 'might' (δυναστεία), and his 'battles' (συνάψεις). The rhetorical οὐχί ('are not…?') expects an affirmative answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶnow / andnarrative conjunction (formulaic transition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (substantivizing λοιπά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπὰrest / remaining actsNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject: 'the rest')→ participant prominenceλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων = 'the rest of the acts/words,' the standard opening of the regnal-source formula (renders יֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνacts / words / mattersGenitivegenitive (with λοιπά: 'rest of the acts')→ relational specificationλόγος: 'word / matter / act'; renders דָּבָר; here 'the deeds/affairs' of Jehu recorded in the annals.
Ιουof Jehugenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, whose remaining deeds are referred to the chronicle.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallNominativeadjective (modifying ὅσα)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'all that he did,' summarizing his full record.
ὅσαas much as / thatNominativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatever'; 'all that he did.'
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do'; summarizes Jehu's total activity referred to the source.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallNominativeadjective (modifying δυναστεία)→ participant prominenceπᾶς (fem. πᾶσα): 'all'; 'all his might.'
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστείαmight / powerNominativesubject (parallel to τὰ λοιπά)→ participant prominenceδυναστεία: 'might / dominion / power'; renders גְּבוּרָה; Jehu's military and royal prowess, recorded in the annals.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δυναστεία)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying δυναστεία).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνάψειςbattles / engagementsAccusativeaccusative (loosely included in the list of recorded matters)→ object specificationσύναψις: 'joining / engagement / battle'; from συνάπτω ('join battle'); 'the battles which he fought,' Jehu's military engagements; the accusative here is a loose construction within the source-formula.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνῆψεν)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. pl. ἅς): relative pronoun, 'which,' referring to the battles.
συνῆψενhe fought / joinedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συνάπτωverb of the relative clause→ constative aoristσυνάπτω: 'join (battle) / engage'; the cognate verb of συνάψεις; 'the battles which he joined/fought.'
οὐχὶare not?interrogative negative (expecting affirmative answer)→ clausal contributionοὐχί: emphatic 'not'; introduces the rhetorical question 'are these not written…?' expecting 'yes' (renders הֲלֹא).
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative (subject of the verbless question)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; resumes the foregoing list as the subject of 'are written.'
γεγραμμέναwrittenPerf Pass Part Nom Pl Neut · γράφωpredicate participle (periphrastic with implied εἰσιν: 'are written')→ resultative perfect (standing record)γράφω (perf. pass. part.): 'write'; the perfect participle (with implied copula) = 'are recorded'; the perfect stresses the standing, written record in the annals.
ἐπὶin / uponpreposition + dative (location: 'in the book')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location: 'in the book').
βιβλίῳbook / scrollDativedative of place (location of the record)→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: 'book / scroll'; the official chronicle; ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν = 'in the book of the matters of the days,' i.e. the royal annals.
λόγωνof the matters / actsGenitivegenitive (modifying βιβλίῳ: 'book of the matters')→ relational specificationλόγος: 'word / matter / event'; λόγοι τῶν ἡμερῶν ('matters of the days') = 'chronicles / annals' (renders דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνdaysGenitivegenitive (with λόγων: 'matters of the days = chronicles')→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; λόγοι τῶν ἡμερῶν = 'the chronicles,' the annalistic records of the reigns.
τοῖςof the / for theDativearticle (with βασιλεῦσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσινkingsDativedative of possession/reference ('belonging to the kings of Israel')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the dative τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ('of/for the kings') renders the Hebrew construct 'the chronicles of the kings of Israel.'
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'kings of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, whose royal annals are cited.
35

καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιου μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ιωαχας υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ

And Jehu slept with his fathers, and they buried him in Samaria; and Jehoahaz his son reigned in his place.

Death-and-succession formulaκαὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιου
The standard regnal death-notice: ἐκοιμήθη μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ('slept with his fathers'), burial in Samaria, and the succession of Jehoahaz his son. The peaceful death-formula (a natural death, in contrast to the violent ends he dealt out) tacitly confirms the dynastic reward of v. 30.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοιμήθηslept / diedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάωmain verb (death-formula)→ constative aoristκοιμάω (aor. pass. ἐκοιμήθη): 'fall asleep / die'; the euphemism ἐκοιμήθη μετὰ τῶν πατέρων ('slept with his fathers,' renders שָׁכַב עִם אֲבֹתָיו) is the standard idiom for a king's (peaceful) death and burial in the ancestral tomb.
ΙουJehusubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, here dying a natural death after a long reign.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; 'with his fathers,' i.e. joined to his ancestors in death/burial.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; the ancestors; 'slept with his fathers' marks an honorable, natural death.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying πατέρων)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying πατέρων).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθαψανthey buriedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θάπτωmain verb (the burial)→ constative aoristθάπτω: 'bury'; renders קָבַר; the impersonal plural 'they buried him' = 'he was buried.'
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἔθαψαν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔθαψαν.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (locative: 'in Samaria')→ sphere or referenceΣαμάρεια: the capital, where Jehu is buried — fittingly, the seat of the dynasty he founded.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreigned / became kingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (succession)→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: 'be/become king / reign'; renders מָלַךְ; marks the accession of Jehu's successor — the second of the four promised generations (v. 30).
ΙωαχαςJehoahazsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωαχας: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹאָחָז (Jehoahaz); treated as indeclinable here; Jehu's son and successor (his reign at 13:1–9).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωαχας→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; identifies Jehoahaz as Jehu's son and heir.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying υἱός)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying υἱός).
ἀντ᾿in place ofpreposition + genitive (succession idiom, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί: 'in place of'; ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('in his place / in his stead') is the standard succession idiom (renders תַּחְתָּיו).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (Jehu)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντί (Jehu).
36

καὶ αἱ ἡμέραι ἃς ἐβασίλευσεν Ιου ἐπὶ Ισραηλ εἴκοσι ὀκτὼ ἔτη ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ

And the days that Jehu reigned over Israel were twenty-eight years, in Samaria.

Closing regnal-length noticeκαὶ αἱ ἡμέραι
The chapter closes with the regnal-length formula: Jehu reigned twenty-eight years (εἴκοσι ὀκτὼ ἔτη) over Israel from Samaria — the longest reign of any northern king to this point, befitting the dynasty's divine reward, even as the chapter's final word (Σαμαρείᾳ) recalls the capital from which his bloody revolution was launched.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject of the verbless clause ('the days … were 28 years')→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; αἱ ἡμέραι ἃς ἐβασίλευσεν ('the days he reigned') is the idiom for the length of a reign (renders הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר מָלַךְ).
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative of duration; object of ἐβασίλευσεν)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. pl. ἅς): relative pronoun, 'which / during which,' referring to the days/years of the reign.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (summing the whole reign)βασιλεύω: 'reign / be king'; the aorist sums up the totality of Jehu's reign.
ΙουJehusubject of ἐβασίλευσεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙου: Jehu, whose reign-length closes the chapter.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (rule: 'over Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'over'; βασιλεύω ἐπί = 'reign over,' the regular construction for royal rule.
ΙσραηλIsraelaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable: 'over Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the northern kingdom, over which Jehu reigned twenty-eight years.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral (indeclinable, with ὀκτώ modifying ἔτη)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; with ὀκτώ = 'twenty-eight,' the length of Jehu's reign — the longest of any Israelite king to this point.
ὀκτὼeightnumeral (indeclinable, with εἴκοσι)→ measure or countὀκτώ: 'eight'; completing 'twenty-eight years.'
ἔτηyearsNominativepredicate nominative (with implied 'were': 'twenty-eight years')→ participant prominenceἔτος: 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the duration of the reign.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (locative: 'in Samaria')→ sphere or referenceΣαμάρεια: the capital and seat of Jehu's reign; as the chapter's final word it frames the whole revolution, which began with letters to this very city (v. 1).