Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Fourth Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 12ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Δ′ ΙΒ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Joash repairs the temple under Jehoiada, yet his reign ends in tribute, conspiracy, and assassination.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 4 Kingdoms 12 (= 2 Kings 12 MT) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The LXX verse numbering of this chapter runs one ahead of the Hebrew/English (LXX v. 1 = MT 12:1 regnal note ≈ Eng. 11:21–12:1), so that the chapter has 22 verses where the MT has 21. The chapter belongs to the broadly 'kaige' or proto-kaige stratum of the Greek Kingdoms, marked by heavy Hebraizing literalism: untranslated loanwords (βεδεκ, the Hebrew בֶּדֶק 'breach/repair', appears six times transliterated rather than rendered, vv. 6, 7, 8, 9, 13; cf. the obscure transliteration ιαμιβιν in v. 10), wooden καί-parataxis, and calqued idioms (ὃ ἐὰν ἀναβῇ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνδρός 'whatever may come up upon a man's heart', v. 5, rendering Hebrew עַל לֵב). The chapter narrates the reign of JOASH/Jehoash of Judah: his accession at age seven (vv. 1–2), his doing of τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον κυρίου 'all the days that Jehoiada the priest instructed (ἐφώτισεν, lit. enlightened) him' (v. 3) — qualified by the standing high places (v. 4); the failed first plan to have the priests fund the temple repair from their own receipts (vv. 5–9); Jehoiada's CHEST (κιβωτός) with a hole bored in its lid (σανίς) set beside the altar, and the scrupulously honest disbursement to the workmen — carpenters (τέκτονες), builders (οἰκοδόμοι), masons (τειχισταί), and stonecutters (λατόμοι) — without an accounting because they dealt ἐν πίστει 'in good faith' (vv. 10–17); HAZAEL (Αζαηλ) of Syria's capture of Gath and threat against Jerusalem, bought off with the consecrated treasures of temple and palace (vv. 18–19); and the conspiracy of Joash's own servants who strike him down at the house of Millo (Μαλλω), succeeded by his son Amaziah (vv. 20–22).

1

υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑπτὰ Ιωας ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτόν

A son of seven years was Joash when he began to reign.

Regnal accession formula (opening of the reign-report)υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑπτὰ Ιωας
The chapter opens with the Hebraizing age-formula 'a son of seven years' (בֶּן־שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים), rendering the king's age at accession by the idiom of sonship (υἱὸς ἐτῶν). The articular infinitive ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτόν ('in his beginning-to-reign') is the standard LXX temporal calque of Hebrew בְּמָלְכוֹ. In the LXX this stands as a separate short verse, producing the one-ahead numbering of the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
υἱὸςsonNominativesubject (predicate of age-idiom: 'a son of [seven] years')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; renders Hebrew בֵּן; in the age-formula בֶּן־X שָׁנִים the noun functions idiomatically ('one of X years old'); the LXX preserves the Hebraism literally rather than using the classical χ ἐτῶν γεγονώς.
ἐτῶνof yearsGenitivegenitive of measure (with υἱός: 'son of years')→ relational specificationἔτος: 'year'; the genitive plural ἐτῶν specifies the age; renders שָׁנִים within the standard regnal-age formula.
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable numeral (modifying ἐτῶν)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable cardinal; renders שֶׁבַע; Joash's tender age (seven) underscores that the early righteousness of his reign is owed to the regency and tutelage of Jehoiada the priest (v. 3).
ΙωαςJoashsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωας: transliteration of Hebrew יוֹאָשׁ ('YHWH has given'); treated as indeclinable in this stratum of LXX Kingdoms; he is the boy-king of Judah rescued by Jehoiada from Athaliah's purge (4 Kgdms 11).
ἐνin / whenpreposition + dative (with articular infinitive: temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (with articular infinitive: temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (governing the articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto reign / began to reignPres Act Inf · βασιλεύωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when he began to reign')→ ingressive present infinitive (entry into the office of king)βασιλεύω: 'be king / reign'; the construction ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτόν is the LXX's stock temporal calque of בְּמָלְכוֹ ('when he became king'); the accusative αὐτόν is the subject of the infinitive.
αὐτόνhe / himAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive βασιλεύειν→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of the infinitive βασιλεύειν.
2

ἐν ἔτει ἑβδόμῳ τῷ Ιου ἐβασίλευσεν Ιωας καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Αβια ἐκ τῆς Βηρσαβεε

In the seventh year of Jehu, Joash became king, and forty years he reigned in Jerusalem; and the name of his mother was Abia, of Beersheba.

Synchronistic regnal data (accession-year, reign-length, queen-mother)ἐν ἔτει ἑβδόμῳ τῷ Ιου
The full Deuteronomistic accession notice: synchronism with the northern king (Jehu's seventh year), length of reign (forty years), capital (Jerusalem), and the name and provenance of the queen-mother (Abia of Beersheba). The dative τῷ Ιου is a Hebraizing possessive-dative ('the seventh year belonging to Jehu').
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ἔτειyearDativedative of time (with ἑβδόμῳ: 'in the seventh year')→ sphere or referenceἔτος: 'year'; the dative locates the accession within the synchronistic chronology of the two kingdoms.
ἑβδόμῳseventhDativeattributive ordinal adjective (modifying ἔτει)→ sphere or referenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; renders שֶׁבַע (ordinal); fixes the accession-synchronism with the reign of Jehu of Israel.
τῷofDativearticle (possessive dative with Ιου: 'the [year] of Jehu')→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουJehupossessive dative (indeclinable proper noun: 'of Jehu')→ participant identificationΙου: transliteration of Hebrew יֵהוּא, king of Israel (the dynastic founder who destroyed the house of Ahab); indeclinable; here supplies the synchronistic anchor for Joash's accession.
ἐβασίλευσενbecame kingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (ingressive: 'began to reign')→ ingressive aorist (entry into kingship)βασιλεύω: 'reign / become king'; the aorist here is ingressive ('became king'), in contrast to the same verb's second occurrence in the verse, which is constative ('reigned [for forty years]').
ΙωαςJoashsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortyindeclinable numeral (modifying ἔτη)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal; renders אַרְבָּעִים; the forty-year reign-length, a round and ideal number, frames Joash's long tenure.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (duration of reign)→ object specificationἔτος (pl. ἔτη): 'year'; the accusative of duration measures the length of the reign in Jerusalem.
ἐβασίλευσενhe reignedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (constative: 'reigned for forty years')→ constative aorist (summarizing the whole reign)βασιλεύω: here constative, summing up the entire forty-year reign as a single completed span.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemdative of place (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliteration of Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם; indeclinable in the LXX; the Davidic capital and site of the temple whose repair dominates the chapter.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing queen-mother notice)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (nominal clause: 'the name ... was Abia')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; the formula ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ is the standard LXX rendering of שֵׁם אִמּוֹ, the regnal notice of the queen-mother (gebirah).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὸςmotherGenitivegenitive of possession ('his mother's name')→ relational specificationμήτηρ (gen. μητρός): 'mother'; the queen-mother held an official, named position in the Judahite court, hence her regular inclusion in the accession notices.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ΑβιαAbiapredicate nominative (indeclinable proper noun: the mother's name)→ participant identificationΑβια: transliteration of Hebrew צִבְיָה (Zibiah; the Greek form reflects a variant reading); indeclinable; Joash's mother, here identified by her hometown.
ἐκfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (origin: 'from Beersheba')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin: 'from Beersheba').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with place name)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒηρσαβεεBeershebagenitive of origin (indeclinable place name, governed by ἐκ)→ participant identificationΒηρσαβεε: transliteration of Hebrew בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע ('well of seven/oath'); indeclinable; the southernmost town of Judah, the queen-mother's place of origin.
3

καὶ ἐποίησεν Ιωας τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον κυρίου πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἃς ἐφώτισεν αὐτὸν Ιωδαε ὁ ἱερεύς

And Joash did what was right before the LORD all the days that Jehoiada the priest instructed him.

Deuteronomistic regnal verdict (qualified-favorable)καὶ ἐποίησεν Ιωας τὸ εὐθὲς
The evaluative formula ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον κυρίου ('did what was right in the sight of the LORD') renders עָשָׂה הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינֵי יהוה, the standard Deuteronomistic verdict. It is sharply conditioned by the relative clause 'all the days that Jehoiada instructed him' (ἃς ἐφώτισεν αὐτόν) — the king's righteousness is bound to the priest's tutelage, anticipating the decline implied after Jehoiada's death (2 Chr 24).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (evaluative formula)→ constative aorist (summary judgment of the reign)ποιέω: 'do / make'; in the formula ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθές it renders עָשָׂה; the aorist gives a single summarizing verdict on the moral character of the reign.
ΙωαςJoashsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing εὐθές)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθὲςright / uprightAccusativesubstantivized adjective (direct object: 'what is right')→ object specificationεὐθής: 'straight / upright / right'; the neuter substantive τὸ εὐθές renders הַיָּשָׁר ('what is right/straight'); the standard object of the Deuteronomistic approval-formula.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofimproper preposition + genitive (evaluative perspective)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; Hebraism rendering בְּעֵינֵי ('in the eyes of'); locates the moral evaluation in the divine, not merely human, assessment.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον (the divine evaluator)→ relational specificationκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here the genitive marks YHWH as the one before whom the king's conduct is measured.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἡμέρας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the accusative πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ('all the days') is an accusative of extent of time bounding the king's fidelity to the lifetime of his mentor.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (antecedent of ἃς)→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἃς renders כָּל־הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר ('all the days that'); the temporal limitation is the theological crux of the verse.
ἃςwhich / thatAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative of duration, antecedent ἡμέρας)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the accusative plural ἅς functions as an accusative of extent ('during which days'), a Hebraizing rendering of אֲשֶׁר as an undeclined relative-marker.
ἐφώτισενinstructed / enlightenedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φωτίζωverb of relative clause (Jehoiada as subject)→ constative aorist (the period of priestly tutelage)φωτίζω: lit. 'give light to / illumine', here 'instruct / teach'; an unusual choice rendering Hebrew הוֹרָה ('taught / directed', from ירה), perhaps read as related to light/instruction; the metaphor casts Jehoiada's guidance as an enlightening of the young king.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἐφώτισεν (Joash)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐφώτισεν (Joash).
ΙωδαεJehoiadasubject of ἐφώτισεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωδαε: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹיָדָע ('YHWH knows'); indeclinable; the high priest who hid the infant Joash, engineered Athaliah's overthrow, and now serves as the king's guardian and instructor.
theNominativearticle (with appositive ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεύςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωδαε→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; here the high priest Jehoiada, whose office grounds his authority over both temple and king.
4

πλὴν τῶν ὑψηλῶν οὐ μετεστάθησαν καὶ ἐκεῖ ἔτι ὁ λαὸς ἐθυσίαζεν καὶ ἐθυμίων ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς

Except that the high places were not removed; and there the people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high places.

Adversative qualification of the favorable verdict (the high-places caveat)πλὴν τῶν ὑψηλῶν
πλήν ('except / nevertheless') introduces the recurring Deuteronomistic caveat that qualifies even the good Judahite kings: the high places (τὰ ὑψηλά) were not abolished, and unauthorized sacrifice and incense continued there. The imperfects ἐθυσίαζεν and ἐθυμίων depict ongoing, habitual cultic activity outside the centralized temple worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
πλὴνexcept / neverthelessadversative particle (qualifying the preceding verdict)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / however / nevertheless'; renders רַק; the stock LXX marker of the high-places caveat that limits the praise of otherwise faithful kings (cf. 4 Kgdms 14:4; 15:4, 35).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὑψηλῶν; genitive by attraction / partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλῶνhigh placesGenitivesubstantivized adjective (subject-referent of the passive verb, in genitive)→ relational specificationὑψηλός: 'high / lofty'; the neuter substantive τὰ ὑψηλά renders הַבָּמוֹת ('the high places'), local hilltop shrines; the genitive here (τῶν ὑψηλῶν ... οὐ μετεστάθησαν) reflects a Hebraizing construction where the logical subject stands in a partitive/casus-pendens relation.
οὐnotnegative particle (with μετεστάθησαν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετεστάθησανwere removedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · μεθίστημιmain verb (passive: the high places not abolished)→ constative aorist passive (the failure to remove)μεθίστημι: 'remove / transfer / set aside'; the aorist passive μετεστάθησαν renders the Hebrew passive (לֹא־סָרוּ, 'were not removed'); the failure to abolish the high places is the standing blemish on Joash's reign.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (at the high places)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; renders שָׁם; locates the illicit worship specifically at the surviving high places.
ἔτιstill / yetadverb (temporal: continuation of the practice)→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet'; renders עוֹד; stresses that the unauthorized worship persisted throughout the reign despite its general fidelity.
theNominativearticle (with λαός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubject of ἐθυσίαζεν and ἐθυμίων→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people'; renders עָם; the covenant community whose continued high-place worship the narrator notes as an unreformed irregularity.
ἐθυσίαζενsacrificedImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θυσιάζωmain verb (imperfect: habitual sacrifice)→ customary imperfect (ongoing, repeated cultic activity)θυσιάζω: 'sacrifice / offer sacrifice'; renders זָבַח; the imperfect depicts the people's continual, habitual offering at the high places — worship of YHWH at the wrong (decentralized) locations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυμίωνburned incenseImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · θυμιάωmain verb (imperfect: habitual incense-offering; constructio ad sensum plural)→ customary imperfect (ongoing incense-burning)θυμιάω: 'burn incense'; renders קִטֵּר (Piel); the plural ἐθυμίων (after the collective singular λαός) is a constructio ad sensum; together with ἐθυσίαζεν it forms the standard pair of high-place offenses.
ἐνon / inpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ὑψηλοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλοῖςhigh placesDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'on the high places')→ sphere or referenceὑψηλός: the substantivized neuter τὰ ὑψηλά again ('the high places'); the dative locates the continuing illicit worship, framing the verse with the same term (τῶν ὑψηλῶν ... ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς) that opened it.
5

καὶ εἶπεν Ιωας πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς πᾶν τὸ ἀργύριον τῶν ἁγίων τὸ εἰσοδιαζόμενον ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου ἀργύριον συντιμήσεως ἀνὴρ ἀργύριον λαβὼν συντιμήσεως πᾶν ἀργύριον ὃ ἐὰν ἀναβῇ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνδρὸς ἐνεγκεῖν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου

And Joash said to the priests, 'All the silver of the holy things that is brought into the house of the LORD, the assessment-money — each man's silver received by assessment — all the silver that may come up upon a man's heart to bring into the house of the LORD,'

Royal directive opening the temple-repair program (direct speech)καὶ εἶπεν Ιωας πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς
Joash addresses the priests and itemizes the categories of money flowing into the temple: the holy money brought in, the silver of personal assessment/valuation (συντίμησις, the census/vow valuation of Lev 27), and all freewill silver that 'comes up upon a man's heart.' The verse is a long catalogue-protasis whose apodosis (the command to take and use it) follows in v. 6. The idiom ὃ ἐὰν ἀναβῇ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνδρός is a Hebraism (עַל לֵב) for spontaneous, voluntary intention.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing royal speech)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single royal directive)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν introduces Joash's directive to the priests inaugurating the first repair-plan.
ΙωαςJoashsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (addressees)→ object specificationἱερεύς (pl. ἱερεῖς): 'priest'; renders כֹּהֲנִים; the temple clergy to whom the king first entrusts the repair funds.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying ἀργύριον; casus pendens, fronted)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the neuter πᾶν agrees with ἀργύριον; the fronted πᾶν τὸ ἀργύριον is a Hebraizing casus pendens (nominativus/accusativus pendens) heading the catalogue of temple revenues.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativehead noun of the catalogue (object of the implied 'take')→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver / money'; renders כֶּסֶף; the leitmotif of the chapter (it recurs throughout), denoting the temple revenues that fund the repair.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivegenitive (substantivized: 'of the holy/consecrated things')→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; the substantivized neuter plural τὰ ἅγια ('the holy things / dedicated gifts') renders הַקֳּדָשִׁים; the genitive marks the money as consecrated revenue.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with participle εἰσοδιαζόμενον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσοδιαζόμενονbeing brought inPres Pass Ptc Acc Sg Neut · εἰσοδιάζωattributive participle (modifying ἀργύριον: 'that is brought in')→ iterative present passive (the regular inflow of revenue)εἰσοδιάζω: 'bring in (as revenue) / pay in'; a rare fiscal term; the present passive depicts the ongoing, customary inflow of temple income (cf. its counterpart ἐξοδιάζω 'pay out / expend' in v. 13).
ἐνin / intopreposition + dative (place, with sense of motion-to)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place, with sense of motion-to).
τῷtheDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; οἶκος κυρίου ('house of the LORD') is the LXX's stock rendering of בֵּית יהוה, the temple; the recurring phrase anchors the whole chapter in the temple precinct.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the temple as YHWH's house.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativeapposition (specifying a category: 'money of assessment')→ object specificationἀργύριον: here in apposition, narrowing the category to the next-named species of temple revenue.
συντιμήσεωςof assessment / valuationGenitivegenitive of definition (specifying the kind of money)→ relational specificationσυντίμησις: 'valuation / assessment'; renders the Hebrew census/vow-valuation terminology (כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר / עֶרְכְּךָ; cf. the נֶפֶשׁ valuations of Lev 27, Exod 30:12–16); the money paid when a person is 'assessed' for a vow or census.
ἀνὴρa man / each manNominativedistributive subject ('each man', loosely attached)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; renders אִישׁ; here distributive ('each man'), a Hebraizing nominative loosely governing the participial phrase that follows.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativeobject of λαβών (the assessed money a man pays)→ object specificationἀργύριον: again the money, here the object of the participle λαβών.
λαβὼνhaving received / takenAor Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωadverbial/attributive participle (agreeing with ἀνήρ)→ antecedent aorist participle (the man who has received/contributed)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the aorist participle λαβών (agreeing with ἀνήρ) describes the man who receives or remits the assessment-money; the clause renders a compressed Hebrew construction (כֶּסֶף נַפְשׁוֹת עֶרְכּוֹ).
συντιμήσεωςof assessmentGenitivegenitive of definition (repeating the assessment-category)→ relational specificationσυντίμησις: the repetition reinforces this second species of revenue — the personal valuation-money — distinct from the freewill gifts named next.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (modifying the third ἀργύριον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; introduces the third and most comprehensive category, the voluntary offerings.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativehead noun (antecedent of the relative ὅ)→ object specificationἀργύριον: the third revenue-category, the freewill silver defined by the relative clause that follows.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object, antecedent ἀργύριον)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; ὃ ἐάν ('whatever') introduces the indefinite, voluntary class of gift.
ἐὰνever / soeverconditional particle (with subjunctive, generalizing the relative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: here generalizing the relative (ὃ ἐάν = 'whatever'), taking the subjunctive ἀναβῇ; a Hebraism for אֲשֶׁר ... -אִם.
ἀναβῇmay come upAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωverb of generalized relative clause (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ potential aorist subjunctive (any spontaneous impulse)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / come up'; the idiom ἀναβαίνειν ἐπὶ καρδίαν ('come up upon the heart') is a Hebraism (עָלָה עַל לֵב) for a thought or intention that spontaneously arises — here a man's voluntary impulse to give.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (idiom: 'upon the heart')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (idiom: 'upon the heart').
καρδίανheartAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (seat of intention)→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; in the Hebraism the heart is the seat of will and intention; the phrase marks the gift as freely and inwardly resolved upon.
ἀνδρὸςof a manGenitivegenitive of possession (with καρδίαν: 'a man's heart')→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. ἀνδρός): 'man'; the genitive specifies whose heart prompts the gift — any individual worshiper.
ἐνεγκεῖνto bringAor Act Inf · φέρωcomplementary infinitive (the content of the impulse: 'to bring')→ ingressive aorist infinitive (the act of bringing the gift)φέρω (aor. inf. ἐνεγκεῖν): 'bring / carry'; the infinitive completes the idiom — what 'comes up on the heart' is the resolve to bring the offering into the temple.
ἐνintopreposition + dative (place, with sense of motion-to)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place, with sense of motion-to).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (destination of the gift)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the temple as the destination of the freewill offering.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
6

λαβέτωσαν ἑαυτοῖς οἱ ἱερεῖς ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τῆς πράσεως αὐτῶν καὶ αὐτοὶ κρατήσουσιν τὸ βεδεκ τοῦ οἴκου εἰς πάντα οὗ ἐὰν εὑρεθῇ ἐκεῖ βεδεκ

let the priests take it for themselves, each from his own dealing, and they shall repair the breach of the house, in everything where any breach may be found.

Apodosis: the royal command proper (third-person imperative)λαβέτωσαν ... οἱ ἱερεῖς
The apodosis of the directive begun in v. 5: the priests are to take the funds (each from his own receipts/dealings) and themselves carry out the repair of τὸ βεδεκ ('the breach'). The Hebrew loanword βεδεκ (בֶּדֶק, 'breach / fissure / damage') is left untranslated — a hallmark of the literalistic kaige stratum — and recurs as a refrain (vv. 7, 8, 9, 13). The generalized relative clause οὗ ἐὰν εὑρεθῇ ('wherever it may be found') extends the mandate to every damaged part.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
λαβέτωσανlet them takeAor Act Impv 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (third-person imperative: royal command)→ ingressive aorist imperative (let them undertake to take)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the third-person plural imperative conveys the king's authoritative directive that the priests assume control of the funds.
ἑαυτοῖςfor themselvesDativereflexive pronoun (dative of advantage)→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun; the dative of advantage ('for themselves') makes the priests the recipients/managers of the money — the very arrangement that will prove unworkable (v. 8).
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject of λαβέτωσαν→ participant prominenceἱερεύς (pl.): 'priest'; the clergy charged in this first plan with both collecting and disbursing the repair funds.
ἀνὴρeach manNominativedistributive apposition to ἱερεῖς ('each one')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; here distributive ('each [priest]'), a Hebraism (אִישׁ) breaking the collective subject into individuals who each draw from their own acquaintances/receipts.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with πράσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πράσεωςdealing / saleGenitivegenitive of source (with ἀπό: the priests' own receipts)→ relational specificationπρᾶσις: 'selling / transaction / dealing'; renders Hebrew מַכָּר ('acquaintance / business contact', misread or rendered as 'sale'); the priests are to draw the repair money from their own dealings or contributors — a notoriously obscure phrase in both Hebrew and Greek.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πράσεως)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πράσεως).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶthey (themselves)Nominativeintensive/emphatic subject pronoun (of κρατήσουσιν)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the emphatic nominative αὐτοί ('they themselves') stresses that the priests, on their own responsibility, are to carry out the repair.
κρατήσουσινshall repair / take charge ofFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κρατέωmain verb (future as directive: 'they shall repair')→ imperatival future (binding obligation laid on the priests)κρατέω: 'take hold of / be strong / take charge'; here in the technical sense 'repair / strengthen (the breach)', rendering חִזֵּק ('strengthen / repair', the leitwort of the temple-repair narrative); the future has imperatival force.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βεδεκ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βεδεκbreach / damagedirect object of κρατήσουσιν (untranslated Hebrew loanword)→ clausal contributionβεδεκ: untranslated transliteration of Hebrew בֶּדֶק ('breach / fissure / structural damage'); indeclinable; a signature literalism of the kaige Kingdoms text — the translator leaves the term in Hebrew rather than rendering it; it recurs as a refrain (vv. 7, 8, 9, 13).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (with βεδεκ: 'breach of the house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple, whose structural damage (βεδεκ) is to be made good.
εἰςin / forpreposition + accusative (extent: 'in all [respects]')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (extent: 'in all [respects]').
πάνταall things / everythingAccusativeaccusative (with εἰς: 'for everything')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; εἰς πάντα ('in everything / for all') extends the repair mandate to every category of damage, rendering לְכֹל.
οὗwhererelative adverb of place (generalized: 'wherever')→ participant referenceοὗ: relative adverb 'where'; with ἐάν generalized to 'wherever', rendering אֲשֶׁר ('where') as a local relative; here adverbial and effectively indeclinable in function.
ἐὰνeverconditional particle (generalizing οὗ, with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: generalizes the place-relative ('wherever'), governing the subjunctive εὑρεθῇ.
εὑρεθῇmay be foundAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωverb of generalized relative clause (subjunctive)→ potential aorist subjunctive (any damage that turns up)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; the aorist passive subjunctive with οὗ ἐάν ('wherever it may be found') makes the mandate comprehensive — any breach discovered anywhere is to be repaired.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive: 'there')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; a resumptive adverb (οὗ ... ἐκεῖ, 'where ... there') reproducing the Hebrew relative-plus-resumptive construction (אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁם).
βεδεκbreach / damagesubject of εὑρεθῇ (untranslated Hebrew loanword)→ clausal contributionβεδεκ: again the untranslated בֶּדֶק; here the subject of εὑρεθῇ ('wherever any breach is found'), closing the verse on the same loanword that names the repair-task.
7

καὶ ἐγενήθη ἐν τῷ εἰκοστῷ καὶ τρίτῳ ἔτει τῷ βασιλεῖ Ιωας οὐκ ἐκραταίωσαν οἱ ἱερεῖς τὸ βεδεκ τοῦ οἴκου

And it came to pass in the twenty-third year of King Joash, the priests had not repaired the breach of the house.

Temporal narrative pivot: the failure of the first planκαὶ ἐγενήθη ἐν τῷ εἰκοστῷ καὶ τρίτῳ ἔτει
The Hebraizing macro-syntactic marker καὶ ἐγενήθη (וַיְהִי, 'and it came to pass') with a temporal phrase introduces the discovery that the priests' scheme has failed: by the twenty-third year of the reign the breach remained unrepaired. The negated ἐκραταίωσαν ('did not repair') echoes the κρατήσουσιν of v. 6, marking the unfulfilled command.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (with ἐγενήθη: temporal-pivot formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηit came to passAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιimpersonal verb (macro-syntactic 'and it came to pass')→ constative aorist (narrative temporal marker)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'become / happen / come to pass'; the formula καὶ ἐγενήθη renders the Hebrew narrative connector וַיְהִי, signaling a temporal setting and a turn in the action.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with ordinal εἰκοστῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκοστῷtwentiethDativeordinal adjective (with τρίτῳ: 'twenty-third')→ sphere or referenceεἰκοστός: 'twentieth'; with καὶ τρίτῳ forms the compound ordinal 'twenty-third', dating the king's intervention well into his long reign.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the ordinals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίτῳthirdDativeordinal adjective (with εἰκοστῷ: compound ordinal)→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: 'third'; completes the compound 'twenty-third year', the point at which the priests' failure is recognized.
ἔτειyearDativedative of time (with the ordinals)→ sphere or referenceἔτος: 'year'; the dative of time fixing the chronological setting of the failure.
τῷofDativearticle (possessive dative with βασιλεῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingDativepossessive dative ('the year belonging to King Joash')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the dative τῷ βασιλεῖ Ιωας is a Hebraizing possessive ('of King Joash'), dating the year by the regnal count.
ΙωαςJoashapposition to βασιλεῖ (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as apposition to βασιλεῖ (indeclinable proper noun).
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐκραταίωσαν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκραταίωσανthey (had) repairedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κραταιόωmain verb (negated: the priests' failure to repair)→ constative aorist (the whole period of inaction, negated)κραταιόω: 'strengthen / make firm / repair'; renders חִזֵּק; the negated aorist records that throughout the preceding years the priests had not in fact repaired the breach — the failure of the first plan.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject of ἐκραταίωσαν→ participant prominenceἱερεύς (pl.): 'priest'; the parties whose negligence (or inability) occasions the king's new arrangement.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βεδεκ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βεδεκbreach / damagedirect object of ἐκραταίωσαν (untranslated Hebrew loanword)→ clausal contributionβεδεκ: the untranslated בֶּדֶק ('breach') again; the refrain underscores that the structural damage remains the unfinished business of the chapter.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (with βεδεκ)→ relational specificationοἶκος: the temple, whose breach is still unrepaired.
8

καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ιωας ὁ βασιλεὺς Ιωδαε τὸν ἱερέα καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς τί ὅτι οὐκ ἐκραταιοῦτε τὸ βεδεκ τοῦ οἴκου καὶ νῦν μὴ λάβητε ἀργύριον ἀπὸ τῶν πράσεων ὑμῶν ὅτι εἰς τὸ βεδεκ τοῦ οἴκου δώσετε αὐτό

And King Joash summoned Jehoiada the priest and the priests, and said to them, 'Why have you not repaired the breach of the house? And now, do not take silver from your dealings, for you shall give it over to the breach of the house.'

Royal confrontation and corrective decree (direct speech)καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ιωας ὁ βασιλεὺς
Joash summons Jehoiada and the priests and confronts them with the rebuke τί ὅτι οὐκ ἐκραταιοῦτε ('why have you not repaired?'), then issues the corrective: they are to take no more money for themselves but hand it over directly for the repair. The imperfect ἐκραταιοῦτε ('you were [not] repairing') depicts the sustained failure; the prohibitive μὴ λάβητε and the directive future δώσετε reorganize the whole financing system, setting up the chest of v. 10.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενsummoned / calledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb (the king convenes the priests)→ constative aorist (single act of summoning)καλέω: 'call / summon'; the aorist marks the king's decisive convening of the clergy to address the stalled repair.
ΙωαςJoashsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
theNominativearticle (with appositive βασιλεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωας→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the title in apposition stresses Joash's royal authority in overriding the priests' arrangement.
ΙωδαεJehoiadadirect object of ἐκάλεσεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωδαε: the high priest, named first as chief of the summoned clergy.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with appositive ἱερέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέαpriestAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ιωδαε→ object specificationἱερεύς (acc. ἱερέα): 'priest'; the title identifying Jehoiada's office.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsAccusativesecond direct object of ἐκάλεσεν→ object specificationἱερεύς (pl.): the body of priests summoned along with their chief.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the king's rebuke and corrective decree.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the priests)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the priests).
τίwhyAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (with ὅτι: 'why?')→ participant referenceτίς, τί: interrogative pronoun; the idiom τί ὅτι ('what [is it] that ...? / why?') renders the Hebrew interrogative מַדּוּעַ; introduces the king's reproachful question.
ὅτιthatconjunction (completing the idiom τί ὅτι: 'why is it that')→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that / because'; in the idiom τί ὅτι it forms the interrogative 'why is it that?'
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐκραταιοῦτε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκραταιοῦτεyou were repairingImpf Act Indic 2 Pl · κραταιόωverb of the interrogative clause (sustained failure)→ durative imperfect (ongoing, persistent non-repair)κραταιόω: 'strengthen / repair'; the imperfect (vs. the aorist of v. 7) portrays the priests' failure as a continued, persistent neglect over time — 'why were you (all along) not repairing?'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βεδεκ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βεδεκbreach / damagedirect object of ἐκραταιοῦτε (untranslated loanword)→ clausal contributionβεδεκ: the untranslated בֶּדֶק; the king names the very task left undone.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (with βεδεκ)→ relational specificationοἶκος: the temple.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the corrective decree)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (transitional: 'and now')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; the transitional καὶ νῦν (וְעַתָּה) marks the pivot from rebuke to new directive — the standard Hebrew rhetorical hinge.
μὴnotnegative particle (with prohibitive subjunctive λάβητε)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάβητεtakeAor Act Subj 2 Pl · λαμβάνωprohibitive subjunctive (μὴ λάβητε: 'do not take')→ prohibitive aorist subjunctive (a flat ban on the former practice)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; μὴ λάβητε is a prohibitive aorist subjunctive forbidding the priests to keep taking the money for their own management — reversing the arrangement of v. 6.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativedirect object of λάβητε→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver / money'; the temple revenue the priests must no longer divert through their own hands.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πράσεων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πράσεωνdealings / salesGenitivegenitive of source (with ἀπό: 'from your dealings')→ relational specificationπρᾶσις (pl. πράσεων): 'dealing / transaction / sale'; the same obscure term as v. 6 (the priests' receipts/acquaintances), now in the plural; the king bars them from drawing repair money through these channels.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with πράσεων)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πράσεων).
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; here causal, giving the reason for the ban — the money's purpose is reassigned.
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (purpose/destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose/destination).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βεδεκ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βεδεκbreach / damageobject of εἰς (purpose: 'for the breach'; untranslated loanword)→ clausal contributionβεδεκ: the untranslated בֶּדֶק; the money is now earmarked exclusively for the repair, not the priests' use.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (with βεδεκ)→ relational specificationοἶκος: the temple.
δώσετεyou shall give (over)Fut Act Indic 2 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (directive future: 'you shall hand it over')→ imperatival future (binding command)δίδωμι: 'give'; the future δώσετε with imperatival force commands the priests to surrender the money for the repair rather than retain control of it.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object of δώσετε (the silver)→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of δώσετε (the silver).
9

καὶ συνεφώνησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς τοῦ μὴ λαβεῖν ἀργύριον παρὰ τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ τοῦ μὴ ἐνισχῦσαι τὸ βεδεκ τοῦ οἴκου

And the priests agreed not to take silver from the people, and not to repair the breach of the house.

Priestly consent: relinquishing both the funds and the taskκαὶ συνεφώνησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς
The priests agree to the king's reorganization, expressed by two articular-infinitive genitives of consent: μὴ λαβεῖν ('not to take' money from the people) and μὴ ἐνισχῦσαι ('not to repair') the breach. They surrender both the revenue stream and the responsibility for the work — clearing the way for Jehoiada's chest and the new disbursement system of vv. 10ff.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεφώνησανagreed / consentedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συμφωνέωmain verb (the priests' assent)→ constative aorist (the act of agreement)συμφωνέω: 'agree / be in concord / consent'; lit. 'sound together'; the aorist records the priests' formal acceptance of the king's new arrangement.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject of συνεφώνησαν→ participant prominenceἱερεύς (pl.): the clergy who consent to be relieved of the funds and the repair.
τοῦto / ofGenitivearticle (governing the articular infinitive λαβεῖν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotnegative particle (with the infinitive λαβεῖν)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβεῖνto takeAor Act Inf · λαμβάνωarticular infinitive (content of the agreement: 'not to take')→ constative aorist infinitive (the renounced practice)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ μὴ λαβεῖν expresses the content of their consent — to cease collecting money directly from the people.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativedirect object of λαβεῖν→ object specificationἀργύριον: the temple money the priests will no longer personally collect.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the people')→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the people').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with λαοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of source (with παρά: 'from the people')→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; the worshipers from whom the priests had been receiving the funds.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two infinitive-clauses)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦto / ofGenitivearticle (governing the articular infinitive ἐνισχῦσαι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotnegative particle (with ἐνισχῦσαι)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνισχῦσαιto repair / strengthenAor Act Inf · ἐνισχύωarticular infinitive (content of the agreement: 'not to repair')→ constative aorist infinitive (the relinquished task)ἐνισχύω: 'strengthen / repair'; a near-synonym of κραταιόω/κρατέω used for the temple repair; the priests agree to be released from the obligation to carry out the work themselves.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βεδεκ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βεδεκbreach / damagedirect object of ἐνισχῦσαι (untranslated loanword)→ clausal contributionβεδεκ: the untranslated בֶּדֶק; the repair-task the priests relinquish.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οἴκου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (with βεδεκ)→ relational specificationοἶκος: the temple.
10

καὶ ἔλαβεν Ιωδαε ὁ ἱερεὺς κιβωτὸν μίαν καὶ ἔτρησεν τρώγλην ἐπὶ τῆς σανίδος αὐτῆς καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν παρὰ ιαμιβιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ ἀνδρὸς οἴκου κυρίου καὶ ἔδωκαν οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ φυλάσσοντες τὸν σταθμὸν πᾶν τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εὑρεθὲν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου

And Jehoiada the priest took a chest and bored a hole in its lid, and set it beside the altar, in the house of a man of the house of the LORD; and the priests who kept the threshold put into it all the silver that was found in the house of the LORD.

Institution of the collection-chest (new disbursement mechanism)καὶ ἔλαβεν Ιωδαε ὁ ἱερεὺς κιβωτὸν μίαν
Jehoiada implements the reform with a physical device: a chest (κιβωτός) with a hole (τρώγλη) bored in its lid (σανίς), placed by the altar. The gatekeeping priests deposit all incoming silver into it. The phrase παρὰ ιαμιβιν is textually obscure — ιαμιβιν is an untranslated transliteration (likely of Hebrew מִזְבֵּחַ, 'altar', or a corruption thereof), retained verbatim. This transparent, secure system replaces the priests' discretionary handling.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Jehoiada's action)→ constative aorist (single act)λαμβάνω: 'take'; Jehoiada takes a chest to set up the new collection device.
ΙωδαεJehoiadasubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωδαε: the high priest, who personally devises the secure collection-chest.
theNominativearticle (with appositive ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωδαε→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; the title marking Jehoiada's office.
κιβωτὸνchest / boxAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'box / chest / ark'; renders אֲרוֹן; the same word used for Noah's ark and the ark of the covenant, here a simple collection-chest for the temple offerings.
μίανone / aAccusativenumeral adjective (with κιβωτόν: 'one/a chest')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine μίαν agrees with κιβωτόν; here functioning almost as an indefinite article ('a chest'), a Hebraism reflecting אֶחָד used for 'a/one'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτρησενbored / piercedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τιτράωmain verb (boring the hole)→ constative aorist (single act)τιτράω / τετραίνω: 'bore / pierce'; the aorist ἔτρησεν describes the drilling of the slot through which coins are dropped — the security feature of the chest.
τρώγληνholeAccusativedirect object of ἔτρησεν (cognate-like object)→ object specificationτρώγλη: 'hole / aperture'; renders חֹר; the bored slot in the lid through which money is inserted but cannot easily be removed.
ἐπὶin / onpreposition + genitive (location of the hole)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of the hole).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with σανίδος)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σανίδοςlid / boardGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('on its board/lid')→ relational specificationσανίς (gen. σανίδος): 'board / plank / lid'; renders דֶּלֶת ('door / lid'); the wooden cover of the chest into which the slot is bored.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σανίδος: 'its lid')→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with σανίδος: 'its lid').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενset / placedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (placing the chest)→ constative aorist (single act)δίδωμι: 'give / put / set'; here in the Hebraizing sense 'place / set' (rendering נָתַן, often = 'put'); Jehoiada positions the chest by the altar.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν (the chest)→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔδωκεν (the chest).
παρὰbesidepreposition (location: 'beside'); construction obscured by the loanword→ spatial or relational framingπαρά: 'beside / by'; here marking the placement of the chest beside the altar (per the Hebrew, אֵצֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ).
ιαμιβιν[the altar]untranslated transliteration (object of παρά)→ clausal contributionιαμιβιν: an untranslated, textually obscure transliteration, generally taken to represent (a corruption of) Hebrew הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ('the altar'; cf. the Hebrew of 2 Kgs 12:10, 'beside the altar on the right side'); retained verbatim and indeclinable — a striking instance of the kaige translator transliterating rather than rendering.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
τῷtheDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; here a part or chamber of the temple complex where the chest stood.
ἀνδρὸςof a manGenitivegenitive (obscure: 'of a man'); reflects difficult Hebrew→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. ἀνδρός): 'man'; the phrase οἴκῳ ἀνδρὸς οἴκου κυρίου is an over-literal rendering of a difficult Hebrew construction (בְּבוֹא אִישׁ בֵּית יהוה, 'as one enters the house of the LORD'); the Greek woodenly reproduces the consonantal sequence.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive (with κυρίου: 'of the house of the LORD')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple, named again in the literalistic chain of genitives.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκου)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκανput / gaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (the priests deposit the money)→ constative aorist (the depositing action)δίδωμι: 'give / put'; here 'put / deposit' (the money into the chest); rendering נָתַן in the sense of placing.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject of ἔδωκαν→ participant prominenceἱερεύς (pl.): 'priest'; specifically the gatekeeping priests who deposit the offerings.
οἱthe (ones)Nominativearticle (with participle φυλάσσοντες: attributive)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσοντεςkeeping / guardingPres Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · φυλάσσωattributive participle (modifying ἱερεῖς: 'who keep the threshold')→ customary present participle (their standing office)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / watch'; the participle identifies the gatekeeper-priests (שֹׁמְרֵי הַסַּף), the doorkeepers responsible for the threshold and the offerings deposited there.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with σταθμόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σταθμὸνthresholdAccusativedirect object of φυλάσσοντες (what they guard)→ object specificationσταθμός: 'doorpost / threshold'; renders סַף ('threshold'); the gatekeeping priests guarded the temple threshold where worshipers entered and offerings were received.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (with ἀργύριον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of incoming silver is deposited in the chest — none retained by the priests.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκαν→ object specificationἀργύριον: the temple revenue, now channeled entirely into the secure chest.
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (with participle εὑρεθέν: attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρεθὲνfound / brought inAor Pass Ptc Acc Sg Neut · εὑρίσκωattributive participle (modifying ἀργύριον: 'that was found')→ constative aorist passive participle (the money as it came in)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; the passive participle τὸ εὑρεθέν ('that was found / that came to hand') is a stock phrase for the money received in the temple (cf. v. 11).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: the temple, source of the collected money.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
11

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς εἶδον ὅτι πολὺ τὸ ἀργύριον ἐν τῇ κιβωτῷ καὶ ἀνέβη ὁ γραμματεὺς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας καὶ ἔσφιγξαν καὶ ἠρίθμησαν τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εὑρεθὲν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου

And it came to pass, when they saw that the silver in the chest was much, that the king's scribe and the high priest came up and tied it up and counted the silver that was found in the house of the LORD.

Temporal sequence: the joint audit of the accumulated moneyκαὶ ἐγένετο ὡς εἶδον
Another καὶ ἐγένετο (וַיְהִי) clause introduces the periodic audit: when the chest is seen to be full, the king's scribe (γραμματεύς) and the high priest jointly come up, bind up the money (ἔσφιγξαν, perhaps 'bag/seal' it), and count it. The dual administration — royal and priestly officials together — embodies the new transparency, ensuring no party handles the funds alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (with ἐγένετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιimpersonal verb (macro-syntactic temporal marker)→ constative aorist (narrative pivot)γίνομαι (aor. mid. ἐγένετο): 'happen / come to pass'; καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ('and it came to pass when') renders וַיְהִי כְּ, introducing the recurring audit-occasion.
ὡςwhen / astemporal conjunction (introducing subordinate clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when / as'; temporal here, marking the point at which the chest was seen to be full.
εἶδονthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωverb of temporal clause→ constative aorist (the perception of fullness)ὁράω (aor. εἶδον): 'see'; the impersonal-plural 'they saw' (= 'it was seen') registers the officials' noticing that the chest had filled up.
ὅτιthatconjunction (object clause after εἶδον)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that'; introduces the content of what was seen.
πολὺmuchNominativepredicate adjective ('the silver [was] much')→ participant prominenceπολύς: 'much / many'; the neuter πολύ predicates abundance of the silver — the chest is full enough to warrant an audit.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyNominativesubject of the (verbless) ὅτι-clause→ participant prominenceἀργύριον: the accumulated temple money in the chest.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
τῇtheDativearticle (with κιβωτῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτῷchestDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the chest')→ sphere or referenceκιβωτός: 'chest'; the collection-box of v. 10, now full of silver.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (apodosis of the ὡς-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηcame upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (the officials' arrival; sg. with compound subject)→ constative aorist (single act)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / come up'; the singular verb precedes a compound subject (scribe and priest), a common Greek and Hebrew construction where the verb agrees with the first subject.
theNominativearticle (with γραμματεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γραμματεὺςscribe / secretaryNominativesubject of ἀνέβη (first of compound subject)→ participant prominenceγραμματεύς: 'scribe / secretary'; renders סֹפֵר; the royal secretary, a high state official, represents the crown's oversight of the temple finances.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (with γραμματεύς: 'the king's scribe')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; the scribe's royal affiliation underscores that the audit is conducted under crown authority.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativesubject of ἀνέβη (second of compound subject)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; with the attributive ὁ μέγας ('the great'), the high priest.
theNominativearticle (with μέγας: attributive 'the great')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγαςgreat / highNominativeattributive adjective (ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας: 'the high priest')→ participant prominenceμέγας: 'great'; ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας ('the great priest') is the LXX title for the high priest, rendering הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל — here Jehoiada.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσφιγξανtied up / baggedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · σφίγγωmain verb (binding/bagging the money)→ constative aorist (single act)σφίγγω: 'bind tightly / press together'; renders צוּר ('bind up / bag'); the officials tie up the counted silver in bags or bundles (cf. 2 Kgs 12:10, 'they bagged and counted'), securing it after the count.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρίθμησανcountedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀριθμέωmain verb (counting the money)→ constative aorist (single act)ἀριθμέω: 'count / number'; renders מָנָה; the joint counting by royal and priestly officials is the heart of the accountable system.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativedirect object of ἔσφιγξαν and ἠρίθμησαν→ object specificationἀργύριον: the temple money audited by the two officials.
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (with participle εὑρεθέν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρεθὲνfoundAor Pass Ptc Acc Sg Neut · εὑρίσκωattributive participle (modifying ἀργύριον: 'that was found')→ constative aorist passive participleεὑρίσκω: 'find'; the stock phrase τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εὑρεθέν ('the money that was found/collected') again, as in v. 10.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
12

καὶ ἔδωκαν τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ ἑτοιμασθὲν ἐπὶ χεῖρας ποιούντων τὰ ἔργα τῶν ἐπισκόπων οἴκου κυρίου καὶ ἐξέδοσαν τοῖς τέκτοσιν τῶν ξύλων καὶ τοῖς οἰκοδόμοις τοῖς ποιοῦσιν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου

And they gave the money that was made ready into the hands of those doing the work, the overseers of the house of the LORD; and they paid it out to the carpenters of the timber and to the builders who worked on the house of the LORD,

Disbursement of audited funds to the work-supervisors and laborersκαὶ ἔδωκαν τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ ἑτοιμασθὲν
The counted ('prepared', ἑτοιμασθέν) money passes 'into the hands of' the work-overseers (ἐπίσκοποι) and is paid out (ἐξέδοσαν) to the actual laborers — carpenters and builders. The chapter now catalogues the trades (continued in v. 13), emphasizing that the funds flow straight to the work, bypassing any retention. ἐπὶ χεῖρας ('into the hands') is a Hebraism (עַל יַד / בְּיַד) for entrusting/delegating.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκανgave / handed overAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (transfer of funds to overseers)→ constative aorist (single act)δίδωμι: 'give / hand over'; the audited money is delivered to the work-supervisors.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκαν→ object specificationἀργύριον: the counted temple money now disbursed to the workmen.
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (with participle ἑτοιμασθέν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑτοιμασθὲνmade ready / weighed outAor Pass Ptc Acc Sg Neut · ἑτοιμάζωattributive participle (modifying ἀργύριον: 'that was prepared')→ constative aorist passive participleἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare / make ready'; renders תָּכַן ('weigh out / measure'); the money 'made ready' is the counted, apportioned sum ready for disbursement.
ἐπὶinto / ontopreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into the hands')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: in the idiom ἐπὶ χεῖρας ('into the hands of'), a Hebraism (עַל יַד) for entrusting funds to someone's charge.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the hands of the overseers)→ object specificationχείρ (pl. χεῖρας): 'hand'; in the idiom 'into the hands of', denoting the transfer of responsibility and control over the funds.
ποιούντωνof those doingPres Act Ptc Gen Pl Masc · ποιέωsubstantival participle (genitive: 'of those doing the work')→ customary present participle (the workforce as a class)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; the participle ποιούντων τὰ ἔργα ('those doing the works') is the standard designation of the temple workforce/contractors charged with the repair.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιούντων (the repair-works)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / task'; renders מְלָאכָה; the repair-works on the temple fabric.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἐπισκόπων; appositional to ποιούντων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκόπωνoverseersGenitivegenitive in apposition (identifying the work-doers as overseers)→ relational specificationἐπίσκοπος: 'overseer / supervisor'; renders פָּקִיד / מֻפְקָד; the foremen who superintended the temple repair and to whom the funds were entrusted (cf. the same role at 2 Chr 34:12, 17).
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive (with κυρίου: 'of the house of the LORD')→ relational specificationοἶκος: the temple, the object of the overseers' supervision.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκου)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέδοσανpaid out / disbursedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκδίδωμιmain verb (paying the laborers)→ constative aorist (single act)ἐκδίδωμι: 'give out / pay out / disburse'; the compound ἐκ- stresses payment passed outward to the laborers; the overseers in turn pay the tradesmen.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with τέκτοσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκτοσινcarpenters / craftsmenDativeindirect object of ἐξέδοσαν (recipients of payment)→ sphere or referenceτέκτων (dat. pl. τέκτοσιν): 'carpenter / craftsman / builder in wood'; renders חָרָשׁ / חָרָשֵׁי עֵץ; with τῶν ξύλων ('of the timber'), the woodworkers.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ξύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ξύλωνof wood / timberGenitivegenitive of material/specification (with τέκτοσιν: 'carpenters of the wood')→ relational specificationξύλον (pl. ξύλων): 'wood / timber / beam'; the material in which the τέκτονες work; renders עֵץ.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with οἰκοδόμοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδόμοιςbuildersDativeindirect object of ἐξέδοσαν (recipients of payment)→ sphere or referenceοἰκοδόμος: 'builder / mason'; renders בֹּנֶה; the construction workers on the temple fabric.
τοῖςthe (who)Dativearticle (with participle ποιοῦσιν: attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιοῦσινworking / doingPres Act Ptc Dat Pl Masc · ποιέωattributive participle (modifying οἰκοδόμοις: 'who work')→ customary present participle (their ongoing labor)ποιέω: 'do / work'; the participle identifies the builders as those actively at work on the temple.
ἐνin / onpreposition + dative (place of work)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place of work).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: where they work)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: the temple, the site of the builders' labor.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
13

καὶ τοῖς τειχισταῖς καὶ τοῖς λατόμοις τῶν λίθων τοῦ κτήσασθαι ξύλα καὶ λίθους λατομητοὺς τοῦ κατασχεῖν τὸ βεδεκ οἴκου κυρίου εἰς πάντα ὅσα ἐξωδιάσθη ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ κραταιῶσαι

and to the wall-builders and to the stonecutters of the stones, to buy timber and hewn stones to repair the breach of the house of the LORD, for all that was expended upon the house to strengthen it.

Continuation of the disbursement list and statement of purposeκαὶ τοῖς τειχισταῖς καὶ τοῖς λατόμοις
The payment-list (continuing v. 12) extends to masons and stonecutters, and the purpose-infinitives spell out the use of the funds: to buy (τοῦ κτήσασθαι) timber and hewn stone, and to repair (τοῦ κατασχεῖν) the breach. The closing clause εἰς πάντα ὅσα ἐξωδιάσθη ... τοῦ κραταιῶσαι sums up the whole outlay as directed solely to strengthening the temple fabric. ἐξωδιάσθη ('was expended') is the fiscal counterpart of εἰσοδιαζόμενον (v. 5).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the list of v. 12)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with τειχισταῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τειχισταῖςwall-builders / masonsDativeindirect object (recipients of payment)→ sphere or referenceτειχιστής: 'wall-builder / mason'; a rare agent-noun from τεῖχος ('wall'); renders גֹּדֵר ('wall-builder'); the workers who repair the temple's masonry walls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with λατόμοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λατόμοιςstonecutters / quarrymenDativeindirect object (recipients of payment)→ sphere or referenceλατόμος: 'stonecutter / quarryman'; renders חֹצֵב אֲבָנִים; the workers who quarry and dress the building stones.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with λίθων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθωνof stonesGenitivegenitive of specification (with λατόμοις: 'cutters of the stones')→ relational specificationλίθος: 'stone'; the material worked by the λατόμοι; renders אֶבֶן.
τοῦto / in order toGenitivearticle (governing the purpose-infinitive κτήσασθαι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήσασθαιto buy / acquireAor Mid Inf · κτάομαιgenitive articular infinitive of purpose ('in order to buy')→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the expenditure)κτάομαι: 'acquire / buy / procure'; renders קָנָה; the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ κτήσασθαι expresses purpose — the money buys building materials.
ξύλαtimber / woodAccusativedirect object of κτήσασθαι→ object specificationξύλον (pl. ξύλα): 'wood / timber / beams'; the lumber purchased for the repair.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθουςstonesAccusativedirect object of κτήσασθαι (coordinate with ξύλα)→ object specificationλίθος (pl. λίθους): 'stone'; the dressed building-stones purchased for the masonry.
λατομητοὺςhewn / quarriedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λίθους: 'hewn stones')→ object specificationλατομητός: 'hewn / quarried'; verbal adjective from λατομέω; renders אֶבֶן מַחְצֵב ('hewn stone'); dressed masonry blocks ready for building.
τοῦto / in order toGenitivearticle (governing the purpose-infinitive κατασχεῖν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατασχεῖνto repair / hold firmAor Act Inf · κατέχωgenitive articular infinitive of purpose ('in order to repair')→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the materials)κατέχω: 'hold fast / hold down / repair'; here in the technical repair-sense (synonym of κρατέω/κραταιόω), rendering חִזֵּק; the materials serve to make good the breach.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βεδεκ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βεδεκbreach / damagedirect object of κατασχεῖν (untranslated loanword)→ clausal contributionβεδεκ: the untranslated בֶּדֶק ('breach'); the structural damage being made good — the fifth occurrence of the refrain.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of possession (with βεδεκ)→ relational specificationοἶκος: the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκου)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (extent: 'for all that')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (extent: 'for all that').
πάνταall thingsAccusativeaccusative (with εἰς: 'for everything')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; εἰς πάντα ὅσα ('for all that') totalizes the expenditure on the temple.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object: 'as much as / whatever')→ participant referenceὅσος: correlative relative 'as much/many as'; the neuter plural ὅσα ('whatever') renders אֲשֶׁר, summing up all that was spent.
ἐξωδιάσθηwas expended / paid outAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐξοδιάζωverb of relative clause (passive: 'was spent')→ constative aorist passive (the total outlay)ἐξοδιάζω: 'pay out / expend'; the fiscal counterpart of εἰσοδιάζω ('pay in', v. 5); the passive sums up all money disbursed on the repair.
ἐπὶupon / onpreposition + accusative (object of expenditure)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (object of expenditure).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the temple, object of outlay)→ object specificationοἶκος: the temple, on which all the money was spent.
τοῦto / in order toGenitivearticle (governing the purpose-infinitive κραταιῶσαι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραταιῶσαιto strengthen / repairAor Act Inf · κραταιόωgenitive articular infinitive of purpose ('in order to strengthen')→ telic aorist infinitive (final purpose of all the expenditure)κραταιόω: 'strengthen / repair'; renders חִזֵּק; the closing purpose-infinitive seals the verse: the entire outlay served to make the temple structurally firm — the very task the priests had failed to do (v. 7).
14

πλὴν οὐ ποιηθήσεται οἴκῳ κυρίου θύραι ἀργυραῖ ἧλοι φιάλαι καὶ σάλπιγγες πᾶν σκεῦος χρυσοῦν καὶ σκεῦος ἀργυροῦν ἐκ τοῦ ἀργυρίου τοῦ εἰσενεχθέντος ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου

Only there shall not be made for the house of the LORD silver doors, nails, bowls, and trumpets, any vessel of gold or vessel of silver, out of the money that was brought into the house of the LORD;

Restrictive qualification: no funds diverted to temple-furnishingsπλὴν οὐ ποιηθήσεται
πλήν ('only / nevertheless') restricts the use of the repair-funds: none of the incoming money was to be made into silver or gold temple-vessels (doors, nails, bowls, trumpets) — all of it went to the structural repair and the workmen (v. 15). The list of cultic furnishings underscores the strict ring-fencing of the funds for fabric-repair alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
πλὴνonly / howeverrestrictive particle (limiting the use of the funds)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'only / except / nevertheless'; renders אַךְ; here restrictive, ring-fencing the money against any use other than the structural repair.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιηθήσεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιηθήσεταιshall be madeFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (passive: 'there shall not be made')→ predictive/normative future passive (a standing rule)ποιέω: 'make'; the future passive with negation states the rule that no luxury furnishings were to be manufactured from the repair-money; the singular verb governs a plural list (constructio ad sensum / verb agreeing with nearest).
οἴκῳfor the houseDativedative of advantage ('for the house of the LORD')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: the temple, the would-be beneficiary of such furnishings.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
θύραιdoorsNominativesubject of ποιηθήσεται (first item of the furnishings-list)→ participant prominenceθύρα: 'door'; renders דֶּלֶת; with ἀργυραῖ ('silver'), silver-plated doors — a luxury furnishing not to be funded from the repair-money.
ἀργυραῖsilverNominativeattributive adjective (modifying θύραι)→ participant prominenceἀργυροῦς (fem. ἀργυρᾶ): 'made of silver'; renders כֶּסֶף; qualifies the doors as silver-work.
ἧλοιnails / studsNominativesubject (second item of the list)→ participant prominenceἧλος: 'nail / stud'; renders מִזְמְרוֹת (read variously); the metal fittings/studs of the temple furnishings.
φιάλαιbowls / basinsNominativesubject (third item of the list)→ participant prominenceφιάλη: 'bowl / basin'; renders מִזְרָק; a libation- or sprinkling-bowl used in the cult.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σάλπιγγεςtrumpetsNominativesubject (fourth item of the list)→ participant prominenceσάλπιγξ (pl. σάλπιγγες): 'trumpet'; renders חֲצֹצְרָה; the cultic trumpets used by the priests.
πᾶνany / everyNominativeadjective (summarizing: 'any vessel')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / any'; generalizes the prohibition to cover all gold and silver vessels.
σκεῦοςvesselNominativesubject (generalizing item: 'any vessel of gold')→ participant prominenceσκεῦος: 'vessel / implement'; renders כְּלִי; any gold cultic article.
χρυσοῦνof gold / goldenNominativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεῦος)→ participant prominenceχρυσοῦς: 'made of gold'; renders זָהָב; qualifies the vessel as golden.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκεῦοςvesselNominativesubject (parallel: 'vessel of silver')→ participant prominenceσκεῦος: again 'vessel', here the silver counterpart.
ἀργυροῦνof silverNominativeattributive adjective (modifying the second σκεῦος)→ participant prominenceἀργυροῦς: 'made of silver'; qualifies the vessel as silver, completing the gold-and-silver merism of cultic articles.
ἐκout of / frompreposition + genitive (source of the would-be manufacture)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source of the would-be manufacture).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἀργυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργυρίουsilver / moneyGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'out of the money')→ relational specificationἀργύριον: the repair-money, from which none of these furnishings was to be made.
τοῦthe (that)Genitivearticle (with participle εἰσενεχθέντος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσενεχθέντοςbrought inAor Pass Ptc Gen Sg Neut · εἰσφέρωattributive participle (modifying ἀργυρίου: 'that was brought in')→ constative aorist passive participleεἰσφέρω: 'bring in / carry in'; the participle τοῦ εἰσενεχθέντος ('that was brought in') marks the money as the temple revenue deposited in the chest — earmarked for repair, not furnishings.
ἐνinto / inpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
15

ὅτι τοῖς ποιοῦσιν τὰ ἔργα δώσουσιν αὐτό καὶ ἐκραταίωσαν ἐν αὐτῷ τὸν οἶκον κυρίου

for they would give it to those doing the work, and with it they repaired the house of the LORD.

Causal ground for the restriction of v. 14ὅτι τοῖς ποιοῦσιν τὰ ἔργα
ὅτι ('for / because') grounds the prohibition of v. 14: the money was reserved entirely for the workmen (τοῖς ποιοῦσιν τὰ ἔργα), and with it they actually repaired (ἐκραταίωσαν) the temple. The verse closes the repair-narrative with the very verb of success that had been negated of the priests in v. 7 — the work is finally done.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding v. 14)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; gives the reason the money was not diverted to furnishings — it was all needed for the workmen.
τοῖςthe (those)Dativearticle (with participle ποιοῦσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιοῦσινthose doingPres Act Ptc Dat Pl Masc · ποιέωsubstantival participle (indirect object: 'to those doing the work')→ customary present participle (the workforce)ποιέω: 'do / make'; οἱ ποιοῦντες τὰ ἔργα ('those who do the works') is again the standard designation of the temple workforce (cf. vv. 12, 16).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιοῦσιν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / task'; the repair-works.
δώσουσινthey would giveFut Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (the customary disbursement)→ gnomic/customary future (the standing practice of payment)δίδωμι: 'give'; the future here describes the regular, customary practice — the money was always given to the workmen, not retained.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object of δώσουσιν (the money)→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of δώσουσιν (the money).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκραταίωσανthey repaired / strengthenedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κραταιόωmain verb (the accomplished repair)→ constative aorist (the completed work)κραταιόω: 'strengthen / repair'; renders חִזֵּק; the positive achievement that answers the negated ἐκραταίωσαν of v. 7 — the temple is now in fact repaired.
ἐνwith / bypreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: instrumental ('with / by means of'), a Hebraism (בְּ) for the means by which the repair was accomplished.
αὐτῷitDativedative of means (with ἐν: 'with it', the money)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of means (with ἐν: 'with it', the money).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ἐκραταίωσαν (the temple repaired)→ object specificationοἶκος: the temple, now structurally restored.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἶκον)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
16

καὶ οὐκ ἐξελογίζοντο τοὺς ἄνδρας οἷς ἐδίδουν τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπὶ χεῖρας αὐτῶν δοῦναι τοῖς ποιοῦσιν τὰ ἔργα ὅτι ἐν πίστει αὐτῶν ποιοῦσιν

And they did not require an accounting from the men into whose hands they gave the money to give to those doing the work, because they acted in good faith.

Narratorial commendation: the workmen's proven integrityκαὶ οὐκ ἐξελογίζοντο τοὺς ἄνδρας
The narrator highlights the workmen's integrity: no audit (ἐξελογίζοντο, 'they kept no reckoning') was demanded of the men entrusted with the funds, because they dealt ἐν πίστει ('in good faith / faithfully'). This is the moral climax of the repair-narrative — the contrast with the earlier mishandling — and the explicit basis (ὅτι) for the trust extended to them.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐξελογίζοντο)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελογίζοντοthey required an accounting / reckoned withImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐκλογίζομαιmain verb (negated: no audit demanded)→ customary imperfect (the standing practice of not auditing)ἐκλογίζομαι: 'reckon up / call to account / audit'; renders חָשַׁב ('reckon'); the imperfect with negation describes the standing practice of not demanding an accounting from the trusted overseers.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἄνδρας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of ἐξελογίζοντο (the trusted overseers)→ object specificationἀνήρ (pl. ἄνδρας): 'man'; the overseers/foremen into whose hands the money was committed.
οἷςto whomDativerelative pronoun (dative: indirect object of ἐδίδουν)→ participant reference or interestὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the dative οἷς ('to whom') introduces the clause defining the trusted men.
ἐδίδουνthey would giveImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (customary giving)→ customary imperfect (the regular entrusting of funds)δίδωμι: 'give'; the imperfect ἐδίδουν depicts the regular practice of handing over the money to these overseers.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativedirect object of ἐδίδουν→ object specificationἀργύριον: the repair-money entrusted to the overseers.
ἐπὶintopreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into the hands')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: in the idiom ἐπὶ χεῖρας ('into the hands'), a Hebraism for entrusting (cf. v. 12).
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the overseers' hands)→ object specificationχείρ (pl. χεῖρας): 'hand'; in the idiom of entrusting funds to someone's charge.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with χεῖρας)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with χεῖρας).
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιinfinitive of purpose ('to give [to the workmen]')→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the entrusting)δίδωμι: 'give'; the infinitive of purpose defines why the money was put in the overseers' hands — to pass it on to the laborers.
τοῖςthe (those)Dativearticle (with participle ποιοῦσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιοῦσινthose doingPres Act Ptc Dat Pl Masc · ποιέωsubstantival participle (indirect object of δοῦναι)→ customary present participle (the workforce)ποιέω: 'do / work'; οἱ ποιοῦντες τὰ ἔργα again, the temple laborers.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιοῦσιν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; the repair-works.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (ground for the lack of audit)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; gives the reason no accounting was required — the men's proven faithfulness.
ἐνin / withpreposition + dative (manner: 'in good faith')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: manner ('in / with'), a Hebraism (בְּ) marking the disposition in which they acted.
πίστειgood faith / faithfulnessDativedative of manner (with ἐν: 'in good faith')→ sphere or referenceπίστις: 'faith / faithfulness / trustworthiness'; here in the OT sense of reliability and honesty (rendering אֱמוּנָה, 'good faith'), not the later theological sense of belief; the men handled the money with integrity.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πίστει: 'their faithfulness')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πίστει: 'their faithfulness').
ποιοῦσινthey act / dealPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωfinite verb of the causal clause ('they act [in good faith]')→ customary present (their habitual honest conduct)ποιέω: 'do / act'; here intransitively 'they act / conduct themselves', the present marking their habitual integrity — the basis for the trust shown them.
17

ἀργύριον περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ ἀργύριον περὶ πλημμελείας ὅ τι εἰσηνέχθη ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἐγένετο

The silver for a sin offering and the silver for a trespass offering, whatever was brought into the house of the LORD, belonged to the priests.

Exception clause: the priests' reserved revenueἀργύριον περὶ ἁμαρτίας
A clarifying exception: while the freewill and assessment money went to the repair, the silver attached to the sin- and guilt-offerings (ἀργύριον περὶ ἁμαρτίας ... περὶ πλημμελείας) was not put into the chest but belonged to the priests (τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἐγένετο), in accordance with the priestly dues of the sacrificial law (Lev 5; 7). This safeguards the priests' legitimate income while ring-fencing the repair fund.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyNominativesubject (first item: sin-offering money)→ participant prominenceἀργύριον: 'silver / money'; here the monetary equivalent attached to the sin offering, a priestly perquisite.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for sin')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / for'; in sacrificial contexts περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin') is the LXX's standard phrase for the sin offering (חַטָּאת).
ἁμαρτίαςsin / sin offeringGenitivegenitive object of περί ('for sin [offering]')→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; in the cultic idiom περὶ ἁμαρτίας = the sin offering (חַטָּאת); the money rendered in its place belonged to the priests.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyNominativesubject (second item: trespass-offering money)→ participant prominenceἀργύριον: the money attached to the guilt/trespass offering, likewise a priestly due.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for trespass')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: in περὶ πλημμελείας ('for trespass'), the standard LXX phrase for the guilt offering (אָשָׁם).
πλημμελείαςtrespass / guilt offeringGenitivegenitive object of περί ('for trespass [offering]')→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: 'fault / trespass / guilt'; renders אָשָׁם ('guilt offering'); the reparation-offering whose monetary value accrued to the priests (cf. Lev 5:15–16; 7:7).
what(ever)Nominativerelative pronoun (with τι: 'whatever', subject of εἰσηνέχθη)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; written separately as ὅ τι (= ὅ,τι, neuter of ὅστις), the generalizing relative 'whatever'.
τι(any)thingNominativeindefinite pronoun (with ὅ: forming 'whatever')→ participant referenceτις, τι: indefinite pronoun; combined with the relative ὅ to form ὅ τι ('whatever'), generalizing over all such offering-money.
εἰσηνέχθηwas brought inAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωverb of relative clause (passive)→ constative aorist passive (the bringing-in of the offering-money)εἰσφέρω: 'bring in'; the aorist passive marks whatever offering-money came into the temple from these two offering-types.
ἐνinto / inpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: the temple.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
τοῖςthe (to)Dativearticle (with ἱερεῦσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsDativedative of possession (with ἐγένετο: 'belonged to the priests')→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς (dat. pl. ἱερεῦσιν): 'priest'; the dative of possession with ἐγένετο marks the offering-money as the priests' rightful income.
ἐγένετοbelonged / becameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (with dative of possession: 'it was/belonged to')→ constative aorist (settled allocation)γίνομαι: 'become / come to be'; with the dative ἐγένετο τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν = 'it belonged to the priests', a possessive idiom; the offering-money was reserved as the priests' due, distinct from the repair fund.
18

τότε ἀνέβη Αζαηλ βασιλεὺς Συρίας καὶ ἐπολέμησεν ἐπὶ Γεθ καὶ προκατελάβετο αὐτήν καὶ ἔταξεν Αζαηλ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀναβῆναι ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ

Then Hazael king of Syria came up and made war against Gath and captured it; and Hazael set his face to go up against Jerusalem.

New episode: the Aramean threat against Jerusalemτότε ἀνέβη Αζαηλ βασιλεὺς Συρίας
τότε ('then') opens a new episode shifting from temple-repair to external threat. Hazael of Aram captures Gath and 'sets his face' (ἔταξεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ — a Hebraism, שִׂים פָּנִים, for resolute intent) to march on Jerusalem. The crisis sets up Joash's desperate ransom in v. 19, in which the very treasures of the temple he had restored are stripped away.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
τότεthentemporal adverb (episode-opening)→ adverbial qualificationτότε: 'then / at that time'; renders אָז; marks the transition to a new episode in the reign.
ἀνέβηcame upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (Hazael's military advance)→ constative aorist (the campaign)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / march up'; standard verb for a military campaign 'going up' against a place; renders עָלָה.
ΑζαηλHazaelsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑζαηλ: transliteration of Hebrew חֲזָאֵל; indeclinable; the usurper-king of Aram/Syria (anointed via Elijah/Elisha, 3 Kgdms 19:15; 4 Kgdms 8), the great oppressor of Israel and Judah.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Αζαηλ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the title identifying Hazael's rank.
Συρίαςof Syria / AramGenitivegenitive of place (with βασιλεύς: 'king of Syria')→ relational specificationΣυρία: 'Syria / Aram'; renders אֲרָם; declinable in the LXX (gen. Συρίας); the Aramean kingdom centered on Damascus.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπολέμησενmade war / foughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πολεμέωmain verb (the attack on Gath)→ constative aorist (the campaign against Gath)πολεμέω: 'wage war / fight'; renders לָחַם (Niphal); with ἐπί + acc. ('against'), the assault on Gath.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile direction).
ΓεθGathaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΓεθ: transliteration of Hebrew גַּת ('Gath'); indeclinable; a former Philistine city, here the first objective of Hazael's southern campaign.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προκατελάβετοcaptured / seizedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προκαταλαμβάνωmain verb (the capture of Gath)→ constative aorist (the successful seizure)προκαταλαμβάνω: 'seize beforehand / capture'; the compound stresses the prior, preemptive capture of Gath as the staging point for the threat against Jerusalem; renders לָכַד.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of προκατελάβετο (Gath, fem.)→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of προκατελάβετο (Gath, fem.).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔταξενset / fixedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τάσσωmain verb (idiom: 'set his face')→ constative aorist (the resolve to march on Jerusalem)τάσσω: 'arrange / set / appoint'; in the idiom ἔταξεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ('set his face'), rendering שִׂים פָּנִים, an expression of fixed, resolute intent to attack.
ΑζαηλHazaelsubject (indeclinable proper noun, repeated for clarity)→ participant identificationΑζαηλ: the name repeated as subject, a common Hebraizing redundancy.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with πρόσωπον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceAccusativedirect object of ἔταξεν (in the idiom 'set his face')→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face'; renders פָּנִים; in the idiom 'set one's face [to do X]', the face represents purposeful, determined orientation toward a goal.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with πρόσωπον)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πρόσωπον).
ἀναβῆναιto go upAor Act Inf · ἀναβαίνωcomplementary infinitive (the intended march)→ telic aorist infinitive (the purpose of his resolve)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the infinitive completes 'set his face' — his fixed intent was to march up against Jerusalem.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile direction).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the threatened capital, whose deliverance Joash must now purchase.
19

καὶ ἔλαβεν Ιωας βασιλεὺς Ιουδα πάντα τὰ ἅγια ὅσα ἡγίασεν Ιωσαφατ καὶ Ιωραμ καὶ Οχοζιας οἱ πατέρες αὐτοῦ καὶ βασιλεῖς Ιουδα καὶ τὰ ἅγια αὐτοῦ καὶ πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον τὸ εὑρεθὲν ἐν θησαυροῖς οἴκου κυρίου καὶ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἀπέστειλεν τῷ Αζαηλ βασιλεῖ Συρίας καὶ ἀνέβη ἀπὸ Ιερουσαλημ

And Joash king of Judah took all the holy things that Jehoshaphat and Joram and Ahaziah his fathers, the kings of Judah, had consecrated, and his own consecrated things, and all the gold that was found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and of the king's house, and sent them to Hazael king of Syria; and he withdrew from Jerusalem.

Resolution of the threat: the ransom of the temple treasuresκαὶ ἔλαβεν Ιωας βασιλεὺς Ιουδα
Joash averts the siege by stripping the temple and palace of their consecrated wealth — the dedicated gifts of his royal predecessors (Jehoshaphat, Joram, Ahaziah) and his own, plus all the gold in both treasuries — and sending it to Hazael, who withdraws. The irony is sharp: the king who restored the temple's fabric (vv. 10–16) now empties its treasury to buy off an invader, the same fate that recurs across the books of Kings.
Word-by-word analysis· 49 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Joash strips the treasuries)→ constative aorist (the act of taking)λαμβάνω: 'take'; Joash takes the consecrated wealth to ransom the city — bitterly echoing the same verb used of the repair-collection.
ΙωαςJoashsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωας→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the title with Ιουδα ('of Judah') gives the full royal designation.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of place (with βασιλεύς; indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה ('Judah'); indeclinable; the southern kingdom over which Joash reigned.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (with τὰ ἅγια)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the consecrated gifts taken.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy things / consecrated giftsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν (substantivized neuter)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; the substantivized neuter plural τὰ ἅγια ('the holy/dedicated things') renders הַקֳּדָשִׁים, the votive offerings stored in the temple.
ὅσαwhich / whateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἡγίασεν, antecedent ἅγια)→ participant referenceὅσος: correlative relative 'as much/many as'; neuter plural ὅσα ('all that') introduces the relative clause naming the royal dedicators.
ἡγίασενconsecrated / dedicatedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωverb of relative clause (the predecessors' dedication)→ constative aorist (the prior acts of dedication)ἁγιάζω: 'make holy / consecrate / dedicate'; renders הִקְדִּישׁ; the singular verb with a compound subject (the three kings) agrees with the nearest/first.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatsubject of ἡγίασεν (first of compound subject; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωσαφατ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט; indeclinable; the earlier reforming king of Judah, an ancestor of Joash.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the kings)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωραμJoramsubject of ἡγίασεν (second; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωραμ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹרָם ('Jehoram'); indeclinable; king of Judah, son of Jehoshaphat.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟχοζιαςAhaziahNominativesubject of ἡγίασεν (third of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΟχοζιας: Greek form of Hebrew אֲחַזְיָהוּ ('Ahaziah'); declined as a first-declension masculine (nom. -ας), hence kind 'n' with case; king of Judah, Joash's father.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with πατέρες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfathers / forefathersNominativenominative in apposition to the three kings→ participant prominenceπατήρ (pl. πατέρες): 'father / forefather'; renders אָבוֹת; the three named kings are summarized as Joash's royal ancestors.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατέρες)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατέρες).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativenominative in apposition (further defining the fathers)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς (pl. βασιλεῖς): 'king'; the ancestors further identified as 'kings of Judah'.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of place (with βασιλεῖς; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: indeclinable; the kingdom of the royal ancestors.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy things / consecrated giftsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν (Joash's own dedications)→ object specificationἅγιος: the substantivized neuter again, here Joash's own consecrated gifts, added to those of his forefathers.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἅγια: 'his own holy things')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἅγια: 'his own holy things').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallAccusativeadjective (with χρυσίον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the gold in both treasuries.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold / bullion'; renders זָהָב; the precious-metal reserve handed over as tribute.
τὸthe (that)Accusativearticle (with participle εὑρεθέν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρεθὲνfoundAor Pass Ptc Acc Sg Neut · εὑρίσκωattributive participle (modifying χρυσίον: 'that was found')→ constative aorist passive participleεὑρίσκω: 'find'; τὸ εὑρεθέν ('that was found/available') marks the gold actually on hand in the treasuries.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place).
θησαυροῖςtreasuries / storehousesDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the treasuries')→ sphere or referenceθησαυρός (pl. θησαυροῖς): 'treasury / storehouse'; renders אוֹצָר; the strongrooms of temple and palace.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of possession (with θησαυροῖς: 'treasuries of the house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: the temple, source of the first treasury.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκου)→ relational specificationκύριος: Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive (with βασιλέως: 'of the king's house', the palace)→ relational specificationοἶκος: here the royal palace (οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως), the second treasury raided.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκου: 'the king's house')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; the palace treasury contributed alongside the temple's.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (the tribute dispatched to Hazael)→ constative aorist (the act of sending)ἀποστέλλω: 'send / dispatch'; renders שָׁלַח; Joash sends the treasure as ransom-tribute to the Aramean king.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Αζαηλ; dative of indirect object)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑζαηλHazaelindirect object of ἀπέστειλεν (indeclinable, with art. τῷ)→ participant identificationΑζαηλ: the indeclinable name takes the dative article τῷ to mark it as recipient of the tribute.
βασιλεῖkingDativedative in apposition to Αζαηλ→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. βασιλεῖ): 'king'; the title in apposition, with Συρίας.
Συρίαςof SyriaGenitivegenitive of place (with βασιλεῖ: 'king of Syria')→ relational specificationΣυρία: 'Syria / Aram'; the Aramean kingdom.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηhe withdrew / went upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (Hazael's departure)→ constative aorist (the lifting of the threat)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / depart'; here of Hazael withdrawing 'away from' (ἀπό) Jerusalem — the tribute achieves its purpose and the siege-threat is lifted; renders עָלָה in the sense of marching off.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: 'away from')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: 'away from').
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemgenitive of separation (with ἀπό; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the city spared by the ransom.
20

καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ιωας καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ιουδα

And the rest of the acts of Joash and all that he did, are they not, behold, written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

Deuteronomistic source-citation formula (regnal closure)καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ιωας
The standard closing citation-formula of Kings, referring the reader to the royal annals for the fuller record. The phrasing οὐκ ἰδοὺ ... γεγραμμένα ('are they not, behold, written') renders the Hebrew rhetorical הֲלֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים; βιβλίον λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('book of the words of the days') is the LXX calque for סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, 'the chronicles'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (opening the closure-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with λοιπά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπὰrest / remainderNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject: 'the rest of the acts')→ participant prominenceλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; the substantivized neuter τὰ λοιπά ('the remaining matters') renders יֶתֶר ('rest'), opening the source-citation formula.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with λόγων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνacts / words / mattersGenitivepartitive genitive (with λοιπά: 'rest of the acts')→ relational specificationλόγος (pl. λόγων): 'word / matter / deed'; renders דִּבְרֵי ('acts / affairs'); in the citation-formula 'the rest of the acts of King X'.
Ιωαςof Joashgenitive of possession (with λόγων; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωας: the king whose remaining deeds are referred to the annals.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallNominativesubstantivized adjective (with relative ὅσα: 'all that')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; πάντα ὅσα ('all that') extends the reference to the whole of the king's recorded deeds.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: correlative relative; neuter plural ὅσα ('as much as / whatever') renders אֲשֶׁר, summarizing all his actions.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (the king's deeds)→ constative aorist (the sum of the reign's acts)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the aorist sums up all that Joash accomplished, now consigned to the annals.
οὐκnotnegative particle (rhetorical question: 'are they not...?')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: in the rhetorical-question formula οὐκ ἰδοὺ ... γεγραμμένα ('are they not, behold, written?'), expecting an affirmative answer.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (deictic interjection)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; a presentative interjection drawing attention to the cited record; frozen as an indeclinable particle (originally aor. impv. of εἶδον).
ταῦταthese thingsNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of the periphrastic 'are written')→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative 'these'; the neuter plural ταῦτα refers to the king's deeds just mentioned.
γεγραμμέναwrittenPerf Pass Ptc Nom Pl Neut · γράφωpredicate participle (periphrastic perfect with implied 'are')→ resultative perfect participle (standing, recorded state)γράφω (perf. pass. ptc.): 'write'; the perfect γεγραμμένα ('having been written / are on record') stresses the abiding documentary state of the annalistic record.
ἐπὶin / uponpreposition + dative (location of the record)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location of the record).
βιβλίῳbook / scrollDativedative of place (with ἐπί: 'in the book')→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: 'book / scroll'; renders סֵפֶר; the official annal in which the reign was recorded.
λόγωνof the acts / wordsGenitivegenitive (with ἡμερῶν: 'words of the days' = chronicles)→ relational specificationλόγος (pl.): in the compound title λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('words/acts of the days') the LXX calques דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, 'the chronicles' / 'the annals'.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἡμερῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνof the daysGenitivegenitive (completing the title 'words of the days')→ relational specificationἡμέρα (pl. ἡμερῶν): 'day'; in the calqued title 'the words of the days' = the chronicles/annals.
τοῖςof the / for theDativearticle (with βασιλεῦσιν; dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσινkingsDativedative of reference/possession ('belonging to the kings of Judah')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. pl. βασιλεῦσιν): 'king'; the dative (a Hebraizing possessive, 'the chronicles belonging to the kings of Judah') is the LXX's rendering of the construct לְמַלְכֵי.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of place (with βασιλεῦσιν; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: indeclinable; the southern kingdom whose royal annals are cited.
21

καὶ ἀνέστησαν οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔδησαν πάντα σύνδεσμον καὶ ἐπάταξαν τὸν Ιωας ἐν οἴκῳ Μαλλω τῷ ἐν Γααλλα

And his servants rose up and formed a whole conspiracy and struck down Joash in the house of Millo, which is in Gaalla.

The conspiracy and assassination of the kingκαὶ ἀνέστησαν οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ
The reign ends violently: Joash's own servants 'rise up' (ἀνέστησαν), form a conspiracy (the idiom ἔδησαν ... σύνδεσμον, lit. 'bound a bond', renders קָשַׁר קֶשֶׁר, 'conspired a conspiracy'), and strike him down at the house of Millo. The murder of the temple-restorer by his own household is the grim coda to a reign that began in priestly tutelage.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστησανrose upAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀνίστημιmain verb (the servants' insurrection)→ ingressive aorist (the rising-up of conspiracy)ἀνίστημι: 'rise / stand up'; the intransitive aorist ἀνέστησαν ('they rose up') often connotes hostile insurrection; renders קוּם, here of the conspirators rising against the king.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with δοῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιservants / officialsNominativesubject of ἀνέστησαν→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'slave / servant'; renders עֶבֶד; here the king's courtiers/officials, whose treachery is sharpened by their status as his own retainers.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with δοῦλοι)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δοῦλοι).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδησανformed / boundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δέωmain verb (idiom with σύνδεσμον: 'formed a conspiracy')→ constative aorist (the act of conspiring)δέω: 'bind / tie'; in the figura etymologica ἔδησαν ... σύνδεσμον ('bound a bond') it renders the Hebrew cognate construction קָשַׁר קֶשֶׁר ('conspired a conspiracy'); the LXX preserves the Hebrew's internal-cognate emphasis.
πάνταa whole / entireAccusativeadjective (with σύνδεσμον: 'a whole conspiracy')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; here 'a whole/complete conspiracy', intensifying the totality of the plot.
σύνδεσμονconspiracy / bondAccusativecognate accusative (object of ἔδησαν: 'a conspiracy')→ object specificationσύνδεσμος: 'bond / band / conspiracy'; renders קֶשֶׁר ('conspiracy'); the cognate object of ἔδησαν reproduces the Hebrew idiom for forming a plot.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξανstruck down / killedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πατάσσωmain verb (the assassination)→ constative aorist (the fatal blow)πατάσσω: 'strike / smite'; renders נָכָה / הִכָּה; the standard verb for a fatal/assassinating blow (cf. v. 22); the conspirators strike the king down.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιωας; marks the indeclinable name as object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωαςJoashdirect object of ἐπάταξαν (indeclinable name with art. τόν)→ participant identificationΙωας: the indeclinable name takes the accusative article τόν to mark it as the object struck down.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place of the murder)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place of the murder).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the house of Millo')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; here in οἴκῳ Μαλλω ('house of Millo'), the rampart/citadel structure where the king was struck.
ΜαλλωMilloappositional/attributive to οἴκῳ (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΜαλλω: transliteration of Hebrew מִלּוֹא ('the Millo', a terraced rampart/fortification in the city of David); indeclinable; the site of the assassination (Beth-Millo).
τῷthe (which)Dativearticle (substantival relative: 'the one that is in Gaalla')→ noun-phrase markingὁ (here as relative article): τῷ ἐν Γααλλα ('the [one] in Gaalla'), the article used to introduce a locating phrase, a Hebraizing relative construction.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place: 'in Gaalla')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place: 'in Gaalla').
ΓααλλαGaalladative of place (indeclinable place name, with τῷ ἐν)→ participant identificationΓααλλα: transliteration reflecting the Hebrew הַסִּלָּא / סִלָּא (the descent/road 'Silla', by which Beth-Millo is located in 2 Kgs 12:20); indeclinable; the precise locale of the murder.
22

καὶ Ιεζιχαρ υἱὸς Ιεμουαθ καὶ Ιεζεβουθ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Σωμηρ οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ ἐπάταξαν αὐτόν καὶ ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὸν μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Αμεσσιας υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ

And Jezichar son of Jemouath and Jezebuth the son of Somer, his servants, struck him, and he died; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David; and Amaziah his son reigned in his place.

Naming of the assassins, burial notice, and succession formulaκαὶ Ιεζιχαρ υἱὸς Ιεμουαθ
The chapter closes by naming the two assassins (Jezichar son of Jemouath, Jezebuth son of Somer), confirming the king's death and burial 'with his fathers in the city of David' (the standard royal-burial formula), and recording the succession of his son Amaziah (ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ, 'in his place'). The death-and-succession formula is the Deuteronomistic frame that closes every reign-report.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙεζιχαρJezicharsubject of ἐπάταξαν (first assassin; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεζιχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יוֹזָבָד (Jozabad, with textual variation); indeclinable; one of the two named assassins.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic: 'son of Jemouath')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; introduces the patronymic identifying the first conspirator.
ΙεμουαθJemouathgenitive of relationship (father's name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεμουαθ: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעָת (Shimeath, with variation); indeclinable; the father of the first assassin.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙεζεβουθJezebuthsubject of ἐπάταξαν (second assassin; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεζεβουθ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹזָבָד (Jehozabad, with variation); indeclinable; the second named assassin.
theNominativearticle (with υἱός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic: 'the son of Somer')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic identifying the second conspirator.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive (loosely: 'his son'; reflecting awkward Hebrew syntax)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive αὐτοῦ here reflects the somewhat awkward Hebrew construction (בֶּן־שֹׁמֵר), where the pronoun anticipates the following name Σωμηρ.
ΣωμηρSomergenitive of relationship (father's name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣωμηρ: transliteration of Hebrew שֹׁמֵר / שִׁמְרִית (Shomer/Shimrith); indeclinable; the father of the second assassin.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with δοῦλοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιservantsNominativenominative in apposition to the two named men ('his servants')→ participant prominenceδοῦλος (pl. δοῦλοι): 'servant'; summarizing the two assassins as the king's own retainers (cf. v. 21).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with δοῦλοι)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δοῦλοι).
ἐπάταξανstruck / killedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πατάσσωmain verb (the assassination)→ constative aorist (the fatal blow)πατάσσω: 'strike / smite (fatally)'; renders הִכָּה; the same verb as v. 21, now with the named subjects.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of ἐπάταξαν (Joash)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπάταξαν (Joash).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (the king's death)→ constative aorist (the death itself)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; records the death resulting from the assassins' blow.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθαψανthey buriedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θάπτωmain verb (the burial)→ constative aorist (the burial act)θάπτω: 'bury'; renders קָבַר; the burial-notice, here with the royal-tomb formula.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἔθαψαν (Joash)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔθαψαν (Joash).
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment: 'with his fathers')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; in the burial-formula μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ('with his fathers'), renders עִם־אֲבֹתָיו, the standard idiom for interment in the ancestral royal tomb.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πατέρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά (the royal ancestors)→ relational specificationπατήρ (pl. πατέρων): 'father / forefather'; the Davidic ancestors with whom the king is buried.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατέρων)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατέρων).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place of burial)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (place of burial).
πόλειcityDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the city of David')→ sphere or referenceπόλις: 'city'; in πόλει Δαυιδ ('city of David'), the Davidic royal necropolis on the southeastern hill of Jerusalem.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitive of relationship (with πόλει; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliteration of Hebrew דָּוִד; indeclinable in the LXX; the dynastic founder whose 'city' is the royal burial-place.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing succession-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreigned / became kingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (succession of the heir)→ ingressive aorist (the heir's accession)βασιλεύω: 'reign / become king'; ingressive here, marking Amaziah's accession; closes the reign-report with the standard succession-formula.
ΑμεσσιαςAmaziahNominativesubject of ἐβασίλευσεν (the successor)→ participant prominenceΑμεσσιας: Greek form of Hebrew אֲמַצְיָהוּ ('Amaziah'); declined as a first-declension masculine (nom. -ας), hence kind 'n' with case; Joash's son and successor on the Judahite throne.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Αμεσσιας ('his son')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; identifying Amaziah as the dynastic heir, ensuring Davidic continuity.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with υἱός)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with υἱός).
ἀντ᾿in place of / instead ofpreposition + genitive (substitution: 'in his place')→ spatial or relational framingἀντί (elided ἀντ᾿): 'instead of / in place of'; in the succession-formula ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('in his place'), renders תַּחְתָּיו, the standard idiom for dynastic succession.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (the deceased king)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντί (the deceased king).