1
ἀκούσατε τὸν λόγον τοῦτον δαμάλεις τῆς Βασανίτιδος αἱ ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῆς Σαμαρείας αἱ καταδυναστεύουσαι πτωχοὺς καὶ καταπατοῦσαι πένητας αἱ λέγουσαι τοῖς κυρίοις αὐτῶν ἐπίδοτε ἡμῖν ὅπως πίωμεν
Hear this word, cows of Bashan, who are on the mountain of Samaria, who oppress the poor and trample the needy, who say to their masters, “Give to us, so that we may drink.”
The chapter begins by mocking Samaria's indulgent elite whose luxury is built on social exploitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ingressive aorist imperative (give heed now)ἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronoun→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
δαμάλειςcowsN3I VPF · δάμαλιςvocative nominal element used in direct addressδάμαλις: meaning 'cows'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανίτιδοςBashanN3D GSF · Βασανίτιςproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ named participant or place within the lamentΒασανίτιδος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειhill country / mountainN3E DSN · ὄροςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμαρείαςSamariaN1A GSF · Σαμαρείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΣαμαρείας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καταδυναστεύουσαιoppressingV1 · παπνπφ δυναστεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπφ δυναστεύω + κατα: meaning 'oppressing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχοὺςpoorN2 APM · πτωχόςaccusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ object specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπατοῦσαιtramplingV2 · παπνπφ πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπφ πατέω + κατα: meaning 'trampling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πένηταςneedyN3T APM · πένηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ household prudence and fear of the Lordπένης: meaning 'needy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγουσαιsayingV1 · παπνπφ λέγωparticiple supplementing the clause with adjectival or adverbial force→ verbal action or stateπαπνπφ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle supplementing the clause with adjectival or adverbial force.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίοιςmastersN2 DPM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phraseκύριος: meaning 'masters'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπίδοτεgiveVO AAD2P · δίδωμι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδίδωμι + ἐπι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίωμενwe may drinkVB AAS1P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίνω: meaning 'we may drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ὀμνύει κύριος κατὰ τῶν ἁγίων αὐτοῦ διότι ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται ἐφ' ὑμᾶς καὶ λήμψονται ὑμᾶς ἐν ὅπλοις καὶ τοὺς μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰς λέβητας ὑποκαιομένους ἐμβαλοῦσιν ἔμπυροι λοιμοί
The Lord swears by his holy things that, behold, days are coming upon you, and they shall take you away with weapons, and those with you they shall cast into kindled cauldrons, fiery plagues.
The prophetic taunt turns into a sworn announcement of violent removal and consuming judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὀμνύειswearsV5 PAI3S · ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὄμνυμι: meaning 'swears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνof holy thingsA1A GPM · ἅγιοςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'of holy things'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἔρχονταιare comingV1 PMI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verb describing present hostile advance→ progressive present of approachἔρχομαι: meaning 'are coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb describing present hostile advance.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψονταιwill take upVF FMI3P · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'will take up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὅπλοιςweaponsN2N DPN · ὅπλονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λέβηταςcauldronN3T APM · λέβηςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalλέβης: meaning 'cauldron'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ὑποκαιομένουςkindledV1 · πμπαπμ καίω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπαπμ καίω + ὑπο: meaning 'kindled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμβαλοῦσινthey shall castVF2 FAI3P · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'they shall cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔμπυροιfieryA1B NPM · ἔμπυροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔμπυρος: meaning 'fiery'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λοιμοίplaguesN2 NPM · λοιμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλοιμός: meaning 'plagues'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
3
καὶ ἐξενεχθήσεσθε γυμναὶ κατέναντι ἀλλήλων καὶ ἀπορριφήσεσθε εἰς τὸ ὄρος τὸ Ρεμμαν λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός
And you shall be brought out naked, one opposite another, and you shall be thrown onto Mount Remman, says the Lord God.
The judgment is pictured as public shame, exposure, and expulsion from Samaria.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξενεχθήσεσθεyou shall be brought outVQ FPI2P · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'you shall be brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυμναὶto the nakedA1 NPF · γυμνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading termγυμνός: meaning 'to the naked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or heading term.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ adverbial nuanceκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλήλωνone anotherRD GPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form functioning in a gen role within the clause→ relational specificationἀλλήλων: meaning 'one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning in a gen role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπορριφήσεσθεyou shall be thrown awayVD FPI2P · ῥίπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'you shall be thrown away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡεμμανRemmanN ASN · Ρεμμανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΡεμμαν: meaning 'Remman'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
4
εἰσήλθατε εἰς Βαιθηλ καὶ ἠνομήσατε καὶ εἰς Γαλγαλα ἐπληθύνατε τοῦ ἀσεβῆσαι καὶ ἠνέγκατε εἰς τὸ πρωὶ θυσίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὴν τριημερίαν τὰ ἐπιδέκατα ὑμῶν
Enter into Bethel and act lawlessly, and at Gilgal multiply transgression, and bring your sacrifices in the morning, your tithes every third day.
Amos sarcastically invites Israel to continue the very worship that only increases guilt.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
εἰσήλθατεenterVBI AAI2P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal actionἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΒαιθηλBethelN ASF · Βαιθηλnext city in the listΒαιθηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as next city in the list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠνομήσατεacted lawlesslyVAI AAI2P · ἀνομέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal actionἀνομέω: meaning 'acted lawlessly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΓαλγαλαGilgalN ASF · Γαλγαλαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓαλγαλα: meaning 'Gilgal'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπληθύνατεmultiplyVAI AAI2P · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeπληθύνω: meaning 'multiply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῆσαιto act impiouslyVA AAN · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀσεβέω: meaning 'to act impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠνέγκατεbringVAI AAI2P · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφέρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶin the morningD · πρωί̈adverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceπρωί̈: meaning 'in the morning'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A APF · θυσίαaccusative complement→ object specificationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as accusative complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριημερίανevery third dayN1A ASF · τριημερίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalτριημερία: meaning 'every third day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιδέκαταtithesA1 APN · ἐπιδέκατοςappositional object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπιδέκατος: meaning 'tithes'; it serves as appositional object.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
5
καὶ ἀνέγνωσαν ἔξω νόμον καὶ ἐπεκαλέσαντο ὁμολογίας ἀπαγγείλατε ὅτι ταῦτα ἠγάπησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός
And they read the law outside and called for thanksgivings; proclaim it, because the sons of Israel loved these things, says the Lord God.
Their public religious enthusiasm is exposed as affection for ritual without repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέγνωσανanaVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἀναfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal senseγιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεκαλέσαντοcalled uponVAI AMI3P · καλέω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the prayer→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the prayer.
ὁμολογίαςthanksgivingsN1A APF · ὁμολογίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁμολογία: meaning 'thanksgivings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπαγγείλατεreportVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ aorist imperativeἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἠγάπησανlovedVAI AAI3P · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
6
καὶ ἐγὼ δώσω ὑμῖν γομφιασμὸν ὀδόντων ἐν πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν ὑμῶν καὶ ἔνδειαν ἄρτων ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς τόποις ὑμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἐπεστρέψατε πρός με λέγει κύριος
And I gave you cleanness of teeth in all your cities and lack of bread in all your places, yet you did not return to me, says the Lord.
Famine was intended as a summons to return, but it produced no repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future force: points to action still aheadδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
γομφιασμὸνcleannessN2 ASM · γομφιασμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalγομφιασμός: meaning 'cleanness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀδόντωνὀδούςN3 GPM · ὀδούςgenitive element qualifying another term→ relational specificationὀδούς: meaning 'ὀδούς'; it serves as genitive element qualifying another term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάσαιςall / everyA1S DPF · πᾶςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνδειανneedN1A ASF · ἔνδειαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἔνδεια: meaning 'need'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἄρτωνof bread / loavesN2 GPM · ἄρτοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'of bread'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόποιςplacesN2 DPM · τόποςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ law, judgment, and generosity to the poorτόπος: meaning 'places'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπεστρέψατεἐπιVAI AAI2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's actionστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
7
καὶ ἐγὼ ἀνέσχον ἐξ ὑμῶν τὸν ὑετὸν πρὸ τριῶν μηνῶν τοῦ τρυγήτου καὶ βρέξω ἐπὶ πόλιν μίαν ἐπὶ δὲ πόλιν μίαν οὐ βρέξω μερὶς μία βραχήσεται καὶ μερίς ἐφ' ἣν οὐ βρέξω ἐπ' αὐτήν ξηρανθήσεται
And I withheld the rain from you three months before the harvest, and I would rain on one city, but on another city I would not rain; one portion would be rained upon, and the portion on which I would not rain would dry up.
The selective rain pattern displayed deliberate divine control, but Israel still refused the lesson.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνέσχονwithheldVBI AAI1S · ἔχω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἔχω + ἀνα: meaning 'withheld'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑετὸνὑετόςN2 ASM · ὑετόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὑετός: meaning 'ὑετός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPM · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
μηνῶνmonthsN3 GPM · μήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ prospering wicked and false comfortμήν: meaning 'months'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρυγήτουharvestN2 GSM · τρύγητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρύγητος: meaning 'harvest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βρέξωI would rainVF FAI1S · βρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future verbal action projecting the oracle forwardβρέχω: meaning 'I would rain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμίαν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμίαν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
βρέξωI would rainVF FAI1S · βρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future verbal action projecting the oracle forwardβρέχω: meaning 'I would rain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
βραχήσεταιdrenchVD FPI3S · βρέχωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as forthcomingβρέχω: meaning 'drench'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μερίςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
βρέξωI would rainVF FAI1S · βρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future verbal action projecting the oracle forwardβρέχω: meaning 'I would rain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ξηρανθήσεταιdry up / witherVC FPI3S · ξηραίνωverbal element carrying the clause action→ future passive verbal form projecting a coming resultξηραίνω: meaning 'dry up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
8
καὶ συναθροισθήσονται δύο καὶ τρεῖς πόλεις εἰς πόλιν μίαν τοῦ πιεῖν ὕδωρ καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐμπλησθῶσιν καὶ οὐκ ἐπεστρέψατε πρός με λέγει κύριος
And two and three cities shall be gathered into one city to drink water, and they shall certainly not be satisfied, yet you did not return to me, says the Lord.
Urban scrambling for water only underlined Israel's dependence and ongoing hardness.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναθροισθήσονταιshall be gatheredVS FPI3P · ἀθροίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀθροίζω + συν: meaning 'shall be gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPF · τρεῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμίαν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πιεῖνto drinkVB AAN · πίνωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ infinitiveπίνω: meaning 'to drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐμπλησθῶσινbe satisfiedVS APS3P · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'be satisfied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπεστρέψατεἐπιVAI AAI2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's actionστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
9
ἐπάταξα ὑμᾶς ἐν πυρώσει καὶ ἐν ἰκτέρῳ ἐπληθύνατε κήπους ὑμῶν ἀμπελῶνας ὑμῶν καὶ συκῶνας ὑμῶν καὶ ἐλαιῶνας ὑμῶν κατέφαγεν ἡ κάμπη καὶ οὐδ' ὧς ἐπεστρέψατε πρός με λέγει κύριος
I struck you with scorching heat and with blight; you multiplied your gardens, your vineyards, and your fig trees and your olive groves, but the caterpillar devoured them, and not even so did you return to me, says the Lord.
Even when labor and cultivated abundance were undone, the nation did not turn back.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐπάταξαstrikeVAI AAI1S · πατάσσωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist indicativeπατάσσω: meaning 'strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πυρώσειscorching heatN3I DPF · πυρώσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientπυρώσις: meaning 'scorching heat'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἰκτέρῳblightN2 DSM · ἴκτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientἴκτερος: meaning 'blight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπληθύνατεmultiplyVAI AAI2P · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeπληθύνω: meaning 'multiply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κήπουςgardensN2 APM · κῆποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκῆπος: meaning 'gardens'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀμπελῶναςvineyardN3W APM · ἀμπελώνaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συκῶναςfig treesN3W APM · συκώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυκών: meaning 'fig trees'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαιῶναςelaionasN3W APM · ἐλαιώνnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationἐλαιών: meaning 'elaionas'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατέφαγενconsumeVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'consume'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμπηgrubN1 NSF · κάμπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκάμπη: meaning 'grub'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδ'not evenC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδ': meaning 'not even'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὧςthusC · ὥςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its contextὧς: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεστρέψατεἐπιVAI AAI2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's actionστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
10
ἐξαπέστειλα εἰς ὑμᾶς θάνατον ἐν ὁδῷ Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἀπέκτεινα ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ τοὺς νεανίσκους ὑμῶν μετὰ αἰχμαλωσίας ἵππων σου καὶ ἀνήγαγον ἐν πυρὶ τὰς παρεμβολὰς ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου καὶ οὐδ' ὧς ἐπεστρέψατε πρός με λέγει κύριος
I sent death among you in the way of Egypt, and I killed your young men with the sword, along with the captivity of your horses, and I brought up your camps in fire in my anger, and not even so did you return to me, says the Lord.
Pestilence and military devastation also failed to break Israel's resistance.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ἐξαπέστειλαI sentVAI AAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion→ constative aorist of dispatchστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'I sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ sphere or referenceὁδῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκτειναI killedVAI AAI1S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'I killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκουςyoung menN2 APM · νεανίσκοςdirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as direct object of ἀπέστειλεν.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγαγονI brought upVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'I brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὰςNominal or adjectival form from παρεμβολή with the sense “camp” here.N1 APF · παρεμβολήObject / complement→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from παρεμβολή with the sense “camp” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδ'not evenC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδ': meaning 'not even'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὧςthusC · ὥςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its contextὧς: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεστρέψατεἐπιVAI AAI2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's actionστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
11
κατέστρεψα ὑμᾶς καθὼς κατέστρεψεν ὁ θεὸς Σοδομα καὶ Γομορρα καὶ ἐγένεσθε ὡς δαλὸς ἐξεσπασμένος ἐκ πυρός καὶ οὐδ' ὧς ἐπεστρέψατε πρός με λέγει κύριος
I overthrew you as God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and you became like a brand snatched out of the fire, and not even so did you return to me, says the Lord.
Israel survived only as a rescued remnant, yet even that mercy did not produce repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
κατέστρεψαI overthrewVAI AAI1S · στρέφω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseστρέφω + κατα: meaning 'I overthrew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
κατέστρεψεν+ kataVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist (completed act of destruction)στρέφω + κατα: meaning '+ kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΣοδομαSodomN AS · Σοδομαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΣοδομα: meaning 'Sodom'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΓομορραGomorrahN AS · Γομορραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓομορρα: meaning 'Gomorrah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένεσθεyou becameVBI AMI2P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'you became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δαλὸςbrandN2 NSM · δαλόςnominative element functioning in the clause coreδαλός: meaning 'brand'; it serves as nominative element functioning in the clause core.
ἐξεσπασμένοςsnatched outVM · χμπνσμ σπάω + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal forceχμπνσμ σπάω + ἐκ: meaning 'snatched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πυρόςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδ'not evenC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδ': meaning 'not even'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὧςthusC · ὥςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its contextὧς: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεστρέψατεἐπιVAI AAI2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's actionστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
12
διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως ποιήσω σοι Ισραηλ πλὴν ὅτι οὕτως ποιήσω σοι ἑτοιμάζου τοῦ ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸν θεόν σου Ισραηλ
Therefore thus I will do to you, Israel; moreover, because I will do this to you, prepare to call upon your God, O Israel.
After the repeated failures to return, Israel is told to prepare for a direct encounter with God.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the clause or phrase.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἑτοιμάζουbe readyV1 PMD2S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ rebellion exposed and remnant joy restoredἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'be ready'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπικαλεῖσθαιto call uponV2 PMN · καλέω + ἐπιinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea→ infinitival complementκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'to call upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the clause or phrase.
13
διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ στερεῶν βροντὴν καὶ κτίζων πνεῦμα καὶ ἀπαγγέλλων εἰς ἀνθρώπους τὸν χριστὸν αὐτοῦ ποιῶν ὄρθρον καὶ ὁμίχλην καὶ ἐπιβαίνων ἐπὶ τὰ ὕψη τῆς γῆς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ ὄνομα αὐτῷ
Because behold, I am the one who establishes thunder and creates spirit and declares to human beings his Christ, making dawn and mist and stepping upon the heights of the earth; the Lord God Almighty is his name.
The chapter ends by magnifying the Creator-Lord whose sovereign power makes the summons inescapable.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
στερεῶνestablishingV4 · παπνσμ στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσμ στερεόω: meaning 'establishing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βροντὴνthunderN1 ASF · βροντήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalβροντή: meaning 'thunder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτίζωνcreatingV1 · παπνσμ κτίζωparticipial verbal form modifying the subject and advancing the description→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κτίζω: meaning 'creating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the subject and advancing the description.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαγγέλλωνreportingV1 · παπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀποparticiple modifying τις→ present participle of ongoing reportπαπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'reporting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying τις.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χριστὸνanointed oneA1 ASM · χριστόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationχριστός: meaning 'anointed one'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωsubstantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders')→ imperfective present participle (habitual practice)παπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders').
ὄρθρονdawnN2 ASM · ὄρθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρθρος: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμίχληνmistN1 ASF · ὁμίχληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁμίχλη: meaning 'mist'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβαίνωνstepping uponV1 · παπνσμ βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσμ βαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'stepping upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψηheightN3E APN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formula→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as head noun in a naming formula.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.