1
οὐαὶ τοῖς ἐξουθενοῦσιν Σιων καὶ τοῖς πεποιθόσιν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος Σαμαρείας ἀπετρύγησαν ἀρχὰς ἐθνῶν καὶ εἰσῆλθον αὐτοί οἶκος τοῦ Ισραηλ
Woe to those who despise Zion and to those who trust in the mountain of Samaria; they have gathered the chief peoples, and the house of Israel has entered in by themselves.
The chapter opens with a woe against self-assured leaders in Zion and Samaria.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίinterjection or attention marker heightening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαί: meaning 'woe'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξουθενοῦσινdespisingV4 · παπδπμ οὐθενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπδπμ οὐθενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'despising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣιωνZionN AS · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθόσινpeithoVX · χαπδπμ πείθωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπδπμ πείθω: meaning 'peitho'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
ΣαμαρείαςSamariaN1A GSF · Σαμαρείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΣαμαρείας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἀπετρύγησανhave gatheredVAI AAI3P · τρυγάω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτρυγάω + ἀπο: meaning 'have gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀρχὰςdominionsN1 APF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθονwent inVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοίheRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedent→ participant referenceαὐτοί: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedent.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
2
διάβητε πάντες καὶ ἴδετε καὶ διέλθατε ἐκεῖθεν εἰς Εμαθ Ραββα καὶ κατάβητε ἐκεῖθεν εἰς Γεθ ἀλλοφύλων τὰς κρατίστας ἐκ πασῶν τῶν βασιλειῶν τούτων εἰ πλέονα τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν ἐστιν τῶν ὑμετέρων ὁρίων
Cross over, all of you, and see; pass from there to Hamath Rabbah, and go down from there to Gath of the foreigners, the strongest of all these kingdoms, to see whether their borders are greater than your borders.
The hearers are challenged to compare themselves with other great cities and kingdoms.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
διάβητεcross overVZ AAD2P · βαίνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseβαίνω + δια: meaning 'cross over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδετεseeVB AAD2P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist imperative issuing a direct commandὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέλθατεpass throughVB AAD2P · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖθεν: meaning 'from there'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΕμαθHamathN AS · Εμαθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΕμαθ: meaning 'Hamath'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡαββαRabbahN AS · Ραββαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΡαββα: meaning 'Rabbah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάβητεgo downVZ AAD2P · βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'go down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖθεν: meaning 'from there'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΓεθGathN AS · Γεθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓεθ: meaning 'Gath'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλοφύλωνforeignersA1B GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive modifier of γῆν→ relational specificationἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'foreigners'; it serves as genitive modifier of γῆν.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρατίσταςstrongestA1 APFS · κρείσσωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalκρείσσων: meaning 'strongest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πασῶνallA1S GPF · πᾶςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλειῶνkingdomsN1A GPF · βασιλείαgenitive object of ἀπόβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdoms'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπό.
τούτωνthis/theseRD GPF · οὗτοςdemonstrative summarizing the preceding names→ relational specificationοὗτος: meaning 'this'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλέοναgreaterA3C NPN · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπολύς: meaning 'greater'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαterritoryN2N NPN · ὅριονcoordinate subject phrase with Jerusalem understood→ participant prominenceὅριον: meaning 'territory'; it serves as coordinate subject phrase with Jerusalem understood.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑμετέρωνyourA1A GPN · ὑμέτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityὑμέτερος: meaning 'your'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁρίωνbordersN2N GPN · ὅριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ relational specificationὅριον: meaning 'borders'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
3
οἱ ἐρχόμενοι εἰς ἡμέραν κακήν οἱ ἐγγίζοντες καὶ ἐφαπτόμενοι σαββάτων ψευδῶν
You who are coming into an evil day, drawing near and laying hold of false sabbaths.
The oracle exposes how the elite postpone disaster while embracing hollow religious forms.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρχόμενοιcome / goV1 · πμπνπμ ἔρχομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial modifier qualifying the surrounding clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κακήνevilA1 ASF · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine governance and self-masteryκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγγίζοντεςeggizoV1 · παπνπμ ἐγγίζωparticipial verbal form modifying a participant or adding circumstance to the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἐγγίζω: meaning 'eggizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying a participant or adding circumstance to the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφαπτόμενοιlaying hold ofV1 · πμπνπμ ἅπτω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπνπμ ἅπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'laying hold of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σαββάτωνsabbathsN2N GPN · σάββατονgenitive dependent on ἡμέρᾳ→ relational specificationσάββατον: meaning 'sabbaths'; it serves as genitive dependent on ἡμέρᾳ.
ψευδῶνfalseA3H GPN · ψευδήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
οἱ καθεύδοντες ἐπὶ κλινῶν ἐλεφαντίνων καὶ κατασπαταλῶντες ἐπὶ ταῖς στρωμναῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἔσθοντες ἐρίφους ἐκ ποιμνίων καὶ μοσχάρια ἐκ μέσου βουκολίων γαλαθηνά
They lie on ivory beds and sprawl upon their couches, eating young goats from the flocks and milk-fed calves from the midst of the herds.
Their luxury is described concretely through beds, couches, and indulgent eating.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθεύδοντεςπαπνπμ εὕδω with καταV1 · παπνπμ εὕδω + καταparticiple functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εὕδω + κατα: meaning 'παπνπμ εὕδω with κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle functioning adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κλινῶνbedN1 GPF · κλίνηcommon noun within the clauseκλίνη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐλεφαντίνωνivoryA1 GPF · ἐλεφαντίνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityἐλεφαντίνος: meaning 'ivory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατασπαταλῶντεςsprawlingV3 · παπνπμ σπαταλάω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ σπαταλάω + κατα: meaning 'sprawling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρωμναῖςcouchesN1 DPF · στρωμνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientστρωμνή: meaning 'couches'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσθοντεςesthontesV1 · παπνπμ ἐσθίωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἐσθίω: meaning 'esthontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
ἐρίφουςkidsN2 APM · ἔριφοςdirect object→ object specificationἔριφος: meaning 'kids'; it serves as direct object.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ποιμνίωνflockN2N GPN · ποίμνιονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationποίμνιον: meaning 'flock'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοσχάριαcalfN2N APN · μοσχάριονaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμοσχάριον: meaning 'calf'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
βουκολίωνherdsN2 GPN · βουλόλιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλόλιον: meaning 'herds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γαλαθηνάmilk-fedA1B APN · γαλαθηνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalγαλαθηνός: meaning 'milk-fed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
οἱ ἐπικροτοῦντες πρὸς τὴν φωνὴν τῶν ὀργάνων ὡς ἑστῶτα ἐλογίσαντο καὶ οὐχ ὡς φεύγοντα
They clap along to the sound of instruments; they imagined for themselves things abiding and not fleeting.
Music and cultivated entertainment deepen the picture of insulated self-delight.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπικροτοῦντεςclapping alongV2 · παπνπμ κροτέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ κροτέω + ἐπι: meaning 'clapping along'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργάνωνengineN2N GPN · ὄργανονgenitive element qualifying a related head termὄργανον: meaning 'engine'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἑστῶταstandingVXI XAPASMI(/STHMIfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ present assertionἑστῶτα: meaning 'standing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐλογίσαντοimaginedVAI AMI3P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι: meaning 'imagined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
φεύγονταfleeingV1 · παπασμ φεύγωverbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ φεύγω: meaning 'fleeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause.
6
οἱ πίνοντες τὸν διυλισμένον οἶνον καὶ τὰ πρῶτα μύρα χριόμενοι καὶ οὐκ ἔπασχον οὐδὲν ἐπὶ τῇ συντριβῇ Ιωσηφ
They drink strained wine and anoint themselves with the finest perfumes, yet they suffered nothing over the ruin of Joseph.
The accusation peaks in their total indifference to Joseph's collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πίνοντεςdrinkingV1 · παπνπμ πίνωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπνπμ πίνω: meaning 'drinking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διυλισμένονstrainedVA · αππασμ ὑλίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseαππασμ ὑλίζω + δια: meaning 'strained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρῶταfirstA1 APN · πρῶτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μύραperfumesN2N APN · μύρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalμύρον: meaning 'perfumes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χριόμενοιanointing themselvesV1 · πμπνπμ χρίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπνπμ χρίω: meaning 'anointing themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔπασχονsuffer / careV1I IAI3P · πάσχωverbal element carrying the clause action→ exodus completion and reordered creationπάσχω: meaning 'suffer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative subject-like object of the impersonal opposition clause→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative subject-like object of the impersonal opposition clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντριβῇcrushingN1 DSF · συντριβήdative complement after σαλευθήτωσαν→ sphere or referenceσυντριβή: meaning 'crushing'; it serves as dative complement after σαλευθήτωσαν.
ΙωσηφJosephN GSM · Ιωσηφproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙωσηφ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
7
διὰ τοῦτο νῦν αἰχμάλωτοι ἔσονται ἀπ' ἀρχῆς δυναστῶν καὶ ἐξαρθήσεται χρεμετισμὸς ἵππων ἐξ Εφραιμ
Therefore now they shall go captive from the beginning of the rulers, and the neighing of horses from Ephraim shall be taken away.
Because of that complacency, the great ones will be first in exile and revelry will cease.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰχμάλωτοιcaptivesA1B NPM · αἰχμάλωτοςpredicate nominative ('daughters [given] as captives')→ participant prominenceαἰχμάλωτος: meaning 'captives'; it serves as predicate nominative ('daughters [given] as captives').
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
δυναστῶνrulerN1M GPM · δυνάστηςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ theophany, trembling, and rejoicing trustδυνάστης: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρθήσεταιshall be taken awayVC FPI3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be taken away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρεμετισμὸςneighingN2 NSM · χρεμετισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχρεμετισμός: meaning 'neighing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
8
ὅτι ὤμοσεν κύριος καθ' ἑαυτοῦ διότι βδελύσσομαι ἐγὼ πᾶσαν τὴν ὕβριν Ιακωβ καὶ τὰς χώρας αὐτοῦ μεμίσηκα καὶ ἐξαρῶ πόλιν σὺν πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν αὐτήν
For the Lord has sworn by himself: Because I abhor all the arrogance of Jacob and I have hated his territories, I will remove the city together with all who dwell in it.
The Lord seals the sentence with an oath against Jacob's pride and possessions.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤμοσενsworeVAI AAI3S · ὄμνυμιmain verb of oath-taking→ constative aoristὄμνυμι: meaning 'swore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of oath-taking.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βδελύσσομαιabhorV1 PMI1S · βδελύσσωmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appealβδελύσσω: meaning 'abhor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕβρινarroganceN3I ASF · ὕβριςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ object specificationὕβρις: meaning 'arrogance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβconnective or particle shaping the flow of the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: meaning 'Jacob'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώραςcountriesN1A APF · χώραobject of εἰς in the opening summary→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'countries'; it serves as object of εἰς in the opening summary.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μεμίσηκαI have hatedVX XAI1S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ public wisdom and created orderμισέω: meaning 'I have hated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦσινpapdpm oikeo + kataV2 · παπδπμ οἰκέω + καταparticipial verbal form modifying the clause with attendant action or state→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'papdpm oikeo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause with attendant action or state.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
9
καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν ὑπολειφθῶσιν δέκα ἄνδρες ἐν οἰκίᾳ μιᾷ καὶ ἀποθανοῦνται καὶ ὑπολειφθήσονται οἱ κατάλοιποι
And it shall be, if ten men are left in one house, they also shall die, and the remnant shall be left behind.
The devastation is pictured at the household level, where even survivors die.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ὑπολειφθῶσινare leftVV APS3P · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal form contributing subordinate action, manner, or specification within the oracleλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'are left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οἰκίᾳhouseN1A DSF · οἰκίαdative complement / reference or instrument→ sphere or referenceοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative complement / reference or instrument.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ measure or countμιᾷ: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανοῦνταιhe diedVF2 FMI3P · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ future middleθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπολειφθήσονταιshall be left behindVV FPI3P · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ seeking wisdom and moral preservationλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'shall be left behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλοιποιrestA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceκατάλοιπος: meaning 'rest'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
10
καὶ λήμψονται οἱ οἰκεῖοι αὐτῶν καὶ παραβιῶνται τοῦ ἐξενέγκαι τὰ ὀστᾶ αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου καὶ ἐρεῖ τοῖς προεστηκόσι τῆς οἰκίας εἰ ἔτι ὑπάρχει παρὰ σοί καὶ ἐρεῖ οὐκέτι καὶ ἐρεῖ σίγα ἕνεκα τοῦ μὴ ὀνομάσαι τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου
And their relatives shall take them and will struggle to bring their bones out of the house; and one will say to those standing at the house, Is anyone still with you? and he will say, No longer. And he will say, Be silent, so that the name of the Lord may not be mentioned.
Fear, corpse-removal, and hushed silence show how total and terrifying the judgment becomes.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψονταιwill take upVF FMI3P · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'will take up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκεῖοιrelativesA1A NPM · οἰκεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionοἰκεῖος: meaning 'relatives'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραβιῶνταιwill struggleV4 PMS3P · βιόω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseβιόω + παρα: meaning 'will struggle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξενέγκαιphero + ekVA AAN · φέρω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ reverence, wealth, and received portionφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'phero + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προεστηκόσιthose standing byVXI XAPDPM I(/STHMI PROverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπροεστηκόσι: meaning 'those standing by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὑπάρχειthere isV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ integrity, generosity, and social orderἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
σίγαbe quietV3 PAD2S · σιγάωparticiple or verbal form supporting the clause actionσιγάω: meaning 'be quiet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form supporting the clause action.
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its object within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὀνομάσαιto nameVA AAN · ὀνομάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὀνομάζω: meaning 'to name'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
11
διότι ἰδοὺ κύριος ἐντέλλεται καὶ πατάξει τὸν οἶκον τὸν μέγαν θλάσμασιν καὶ τὸν οἶκον τὸν μικρὸν ῥάγμασιν
For behold, the Lord commands, and he will strike the great house with fractures and the small house with cracks.
The devastation is certain because it comes from the Lord's own command.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐντέλλεταιcommandsV1 PMI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'commands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατάξειstruck / killedVF FAI3S · πατάσσωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγανgreatA1P ASM · μέγαςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
θλάσμασινfracturesN3M DPN · θλάσμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientθλάσμα: meaning 'fractures'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A ASM · μικρόςadjectival modifier→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
ῥάγμασινcracksN3M DPN · ῥάγμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientῥάγμα: meaning 'cracks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
12
εἰ διώξονται ἐν πέτραις ἵπποι εἰ παρασιωπήσονται ἐν θηλείαις ὅτι ὑμεῖς ἐξεστρέψατε εἰς θυμὸν κρίμα καὶ καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης εἰς πικρίαν
Will horses run on rocks? Will they keep silent among females? Yet you have turned justice into wrath and the fruit of righteousness into bitterness.
Absurd questions underline how unnatural Israel's corruption of justice has become.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διώξονταιrunVF FMI3P · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingδιώκω: meaning 'run'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πέτραιςrocksN1A DPF · πέτραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπέτρα: meaning 'rocks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἵπποιhorsesN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ participant prominenceἵππος: meaning 'horses'; it serves as nominative element functioning in the clause core.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρασιωπήσονταιwill keep silentVF FMI3P · σιωπάω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσιωπάω + παρα: meaning 'will keep silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θηλείαιςfemale horsesA3U DPF · θῆλυςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ confession, prayer, and numerical observationθῆλυς: meaning 'female horses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἐξεστρέψατεyou have turnedVAI AAI2P · στρέφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseστρέφω + ἐκ: meaning 'you have turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςdirect object understood with ἐδίδου→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as direct object understood with ἐδίδου.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πικρίανbitternessN1A ASF · πικρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ content focusπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
οἱ εὐφραινόμενοι ἐπ' οὐδενὶ λόγῳ οἱ λέγοντες οὐκ ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι ἡμῶν ἔσχομεν κέρατα
You who rejoice for no reason, who say, Have we not taken horns for ourselves by our own strength?
The boast of self-made strength reveals the pride underlying the chapter's complacency.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφραινόμενοιrejoicingV1 · πμπνπμ εὐφραίνωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οὐδενὶno oneA3 DSM · οὐδείςdative complement or reference term→ sphere or instrument referenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as dative complement or reference term.
λόγῳwordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ present participle introducing direct proposalπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔσχομενwe have acquiredVBI AAI1P · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ public reversal and the collapse of the ungodlyἔχω: meaning 'we have acquired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κέραταhornsN3T APN · κέραςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκέρας: meaning 'horns'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
14
διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπεγείρω ἐφ' ὑμᾶς οἶκος τοῦ Ισραηλ ἔθνος καὶ ἐκθλίψουσιν ὑμᾶς τοῦ μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς Εμαθ καὶ ἕως τοῦ χειμάρρου τῶν δυσμῶν
For behold, I am stirring up against you, O house of Israel, a nation, and they will oppress you so that you cannot enter Hamath, even as far as the torrent of the west.
The chapter closes with the announcement of a foreign oppressor stretching across the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπεγείρωam stirring upV1 PAI1S · ἐγείρω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγείρω + ἐπι: meaning 'am stirring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκθλίψουσινthey will oppressVF FAI3P · θλίβω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseθλίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'they will oppress'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰσελθεῖνenterVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aorist (marital approach notice)ἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΕμαθHamathN AS · Εμαθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΕμαθ: meaning 'Hamath'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουχειμάρρουςN2 GSM · χειμάρρουςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationχειμάρρους: meaning 'χειμάρρους'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυσμῶνsettingN1 GPF · δυσμήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationδυσμή: meaning 'setting'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.