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καὶ ἐγενήθη ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ὡς ἐπαύσατο προσευχομένη ἐξεδύσατο τὰ ἱμάτια τῆς θεραπείας καὶ περιεβάλετο τὴν δόξαν αὐτῆς καὶ γενηθεῖσα ἐπιφανὴς ἐπικαλεσαμένη τὸν πάντων ἐπόπτην θεὸν καὶ σωτῆρα παρέλαβεν τὰς δύο ἅβρας καὶ τῇ μὲν μιᾷ ἐπηρείδετο ὡς τρυφερευομένη ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα ἐπηκολούθει κουφίζουσα τὴν ἔνδυσιν αὐτῆς καὶ αὐτὴ ἐρυθριῶσα ἀκμῇ κάλλους αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς ἱλαρὸν ὡς προσφιλές ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῆς ἀπεστενωμένη ἀπὸ τοῦ φόβου καὶ εἰσελθοῦσα πάσας τὰς θύρας κατέστη ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ αὐτὸς ἐκάθητο ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ καὶ πᾶσαν στολὴν τῆς ἐπιφανείας αὐτοῦ ἐνεδεδύκει ὅλος διὰ χρυσοῦ καὶ λίθων πολυτελῶν καὶ ἦν φοβερὸς σφόδρα καὶ ἄρας τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ πεπυρωμένον δόξῃ ἐν ἀκμῇ θυμοῦ ἔβλεψεν καὶ ἔπεσεν ἡ βασίλισσα καὶ μετέβαλεν τὸ χρῶμα αὐτῆς ἐν ἐκλύσει καὶ κατεπέκυψεν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τῆς ἅβρας τῆς προπορευομένης καὶ μετέβαλεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς πραύ̈τητα καὶ ἀγωνιάσας ἀνεπήδησεν ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνέλαβεν αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀγκάλας αὐτοῦ μέχρις οὗ κατέστη καὶ παρεκάλει αὐτὴν λόγοις εἰρηνικοῖς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ τί ἐστιν Εσθηρ ἐγὼ ὁ ἀδελφός σου θάρσει οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃς ὅτι κοινὸν τὸ πρόσταγμα ἡμῶν ἐστιν πρόσελθε
On the third day, when she had stopped praying, she took off the garments of her service and put on her splendor. Having become radiant, and having called upon God, the overseer of all and savior, she took her two maids. On one she leaned as one delicately carried along, while the other followed, lifting her train. She herself was flushed in the prime of her beauty, and her face was cheerful as if lovely, but her heart was constricted with fear. After passing through all the doors she stood before the king. He was sitting on the throne of his kingdom, clothed in all the display of his majesty, wholly adorned with gold and costly stones, and he was exceedingly terrifying. When he lifted his face, blazing with glory at the height of anger, the queen fell, her color changed in faintness, and she bent down upon the head of the maid going before her. But God changed the king's spirit into gentleness, and in alarm he sprang from his throne and took her up in his arms until she steadied herself, and he encouraged her with peaceful words and said to her, "What is it, Esther? I am your brother; take courage. You shall not die, for our decree is common. Come near."
The chapter opens with the climactic court-entry scene: Esther's beauty and fear are held together, the king's lethal majesty is interrupted by God's intervention, and the narrative establishes that the coming petition proceeds only under divinely granted mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 189 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἐγενήθηbecome, happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbγίγνομαι carries the verbal sense 'become, happen' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complementἡμέρα names the referent as 'day' here and functions as a dative complement.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
τρίτῃthirdA1 DSF · τρίτοςdative complementτρίτος names the referent as 'third' here and functions as a dative complement.
ὡςas, likeC · ὡςcomparative / temporal markerὡς serves as a comparative / temporal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'as, like'.
ἐπαύσατοstopVAI AMI3S · παύωcircumstantial participleπαύω carries the verbal sense 'stop' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
προσευχομένηprayingV1 · πμπνσφ εὔχομαι + προςcircumstantial participleπμπνσφ εὔχομαι + προς carries the verbal sense 'praying' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἐξεδύσατοtake offVAI AMI3S · δύω + ἐκcircumstantial participleδύω + ἐκ carries the verbal sense 'take off' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἱμάτιαgarmentN2N APN · ἱμάτιονdirect object / accusative complementἱμάτιον names the referent as 'garment' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
θεραπείαςattendance, retinueN1A GSF · θεραπείαgenitive modifierθεραπεία names the referent as 'attendance, retinue' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
περιεβάλετοput on, clotheVBI AMI3S · βάλλω + περιmain verbβάλλω + περι carries the verbal sense 'put on, clothe' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δόξανglory, honorN1S ASF · δόξαdirect object / accusative complementδόξα names the referent as 'glory, honor' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
γενηθεῖσαhaving becomeVC · αππνσφ γίγνομαιcircumstantial participleαππνσφ γίγνομαι carries the verbal sense 'having become' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἐπιφανὴςἐπιφανήςA3H NSF · ἐπιφανήςsubject / nominative complementἐπιφανής names the referent as 'ἐπιφανής' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐπικαλεσαμένηhaving called uponVA · αμπνσφ καλέω + ἐπιcircumstantial participleαμπνσφ καλέω + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'having called upon' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πάντωνall, everyA3 GPN · πᾶςgenitive modifierπᾶς names the referent as 'all, every' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἐπόπτηνwatcher, overseerN1M ASM · ἐπόπτηςdirect object / accusative complementἐπόπτης names the referent as 'watcher, overseer' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςdirect object / accusative complementθεός names the referent as 'God' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
σωτῆραsaviorN3H ASM · σωτήρdirect object / accusative complementσωτήρ names the referent as 'savior' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
παρέλαβενtake alongVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + παραmain verbλαμβάνω + παρα carries the verbal sense 'take along' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δύοtwoM · δύοclause linkerδύο serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'two'.
ἅβραςmaid, attendantN1A APF · ἅβραdirect object / accusative complementἅβρα names the referent as 'maid, attendant' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
μὲνindeedX · μένdiscourse balancerμέν serves as a discourse balancer, linking the clause with the sense 'indeed'.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςdative complementεἷς names the referent as 'one' here and functions as a dative complement.
ἐπηρείδετοlean uponV1I IMI3S · ἐρείδω + ἐπιmain verbἐρείδω + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'lean upon' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὡςas, likeC · ὡςcomparative / temporal markerὡς serves as a comparative / temporal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'as, like'.
τρυφερευομένηmoving delicatelyV1 · πμπνσφ τρυφερεύομαιcircumstantial participleπμπνσφ τρυφερεύομαι carries the verbal sense 'moving delicately' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ἑτέραἕτεροςA1A NSF · ἕτεροςsubject / nominative complementἕτερος names the referent as 'ἕτερος' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐπηκολούθειfollow afterV2I IAI3S · ἀκολουθέω + ἐπιmain verbἀκολουθέω + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'follow after' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
κουφίζουσαliftingV1 · παπνσφ κουφίζωcircumstantial participleπαπνσφ κουφίζω carries the verbal sense 'lifting' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἔνδυσινgarmentN3I ASF · ἔνδυσιςdirect object / accusative complementἔνδυσις names the referent as 'garment' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἐρυθριῶσαflushedV3 · παπνσφ ἐρυθριάωcircumstantial participleπαπνσφ ἐρυθριάω carries the verbal sense 'flushed' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἀκμῇἀκμήN1 DSF · ἀκμήdative complementἀκμή names the referent as 'ἀκμή' here and functions as a dative complement.
κάλλουςbeautyN3E GSN · κάλλοςgenitive modifierκάλλος names the referent as 'beauty' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονsubject / nominative complementπρόσωπον names the referent as 'face' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἱλαρὸνἱλαρόςA1A NSN · ἱλαρόςsubject / nominative complementἱλαρός names the referent as 'ἱλαρός' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ὡςas, likeC · ὡςcomparative / temporal markerὡς serves as a comparative / temporal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'as, like'.
προσφιλέςlovely, dearA3H NSN · προσφιλήςsubject / nominative complementπροσφιλής names the referent as 'lovely, dear' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαsubject / nominative complementκαρδία names the referent as 'heart' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἀπεστενωμένηbeing constrictedVM · χμπνσφ στενόω + ἀποcircumstantial participleχμπνσφ στενόω + ἀπο carries the verbal sense 'being constricted' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition with genitiveἀπό serves as a preposition with genitive, linking the clause with the sense 'from'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive modifierφόβος names the referent as 'fear' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἰσελθοῦσαhaving enteredVB · ααπνσφ ἔρχομαι + εἰςcircumstantial participleααπνσφ ἔρχομαι + εἰς carries the verbal sense 'having entered' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
πάσαςall, everyA1S APF · πᾶςdirect object / accusative complementπᾶς names the referent as 'all, every' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
θύραςθύραN1A APF · θύραdirect object / accusative complementθύρα names the referent as 'θύρα' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
κατέστηstand, take positionVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταmain verbἵστημι + κατα carries the verbal sense 'stand, take position' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἐνώπιονἐνώπιονP · ἐνώπιονclause linkerἐνώπιον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'ἐνώπιον'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
αὐτὸςhe, she, itRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἐκάθητοsitV1I IAI3S · ἧμαι + καταmain verbἧμαι + κατα carries the verbal sense 'sit' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive modifierθρόνος names the referent as 'throne' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive modifierβασιλεία names the referent as 'kingdom' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
πᾶσανall, everyA1S ASF · πᾶςdirect object / accusative complementπᾶς names the referent as 'all, every' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήdirect object / accusative complementστολή names the referent as 'robe' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἐπιφανείαςἐπιφανείαN1A GSF · ἐπιφανείαgenitive modifierἐπιφανεία names the referent as 'ἐπιφανεία' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἐνεδεδύκειδύω + ἐνVXI YAI3S · δύω + ἐνmain verbδύω + ἐν carries the verbal sense 'δύω + ἐν' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὅλοςὅλοςA1 NSM · ὅλοςsubject / nominative complementὅλος names the referent as 'ὅλος' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition with genitive/accusativeδιά serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'through'.
χρυσοῦgoldN2 GSM · χρυσόςgenitive modifierχρυσός names the referent as 'gold' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
λίθωνstoneN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive modifierλίθος names the referent as 'stone' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
πολυτελῶνcostlyA3 GPM · πολυτελήςgenitive modifierπολυτελής names the referent as 'costly' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
φοβερὸςfearfulA1A NSM · φοβερόςsubject / nominative complementφοβερός names the referent as 'fearful' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
σφόδρασφόδραD · σφόδραclause linkerσφόδρα serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'σφόδρα'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἄραςraisingVA · ααπνσμ αἴρωcircumstantial participleααπνσμ αἴρω carries the verbal sense 'raising' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονdirect object / accusative complementπρόσωπον names the referent as 'face' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
πεπυρωμένονhaving been inflamedVM · χμπασν πυρόωcircumstantial participleχμπασν πυρόω carries the verbal sense 'having been inflamed' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
δόξῃglory, honorN1S DSF · δόξαdative complementδόξα names the referent as 'glory, honor' here and functions as a dative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
ἀκμῇἀκμήN1 DSF · ἀκμήdative complementἀκμή names the referent as 'ἀκμή' here and functions as a dative complement.
θυμοῦwrathN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive modifierθυμός names the referent as 'wrath' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἔβλεψενlookVAI AAI3S · βλέπωcircumstantial participleβλέπω carries the verbal sense 'look' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἔπεσενfallVAI AAI3S · πίπτωcircumstantial participleπίπτω carries the verbal sense 'fall' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασίλισσαqueenN1A NSF · βασίλισσαsubject / nominative complementβασίλισσα names the referent as 'queen' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
μετέβαλενchangeVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + μεταmain verbβάλλω + μετα carries the verbal sense 'change' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
χρῶμαcolorN3M ASN · χρῶμαdirect object / accusative complementχρῶμα names the referent as 'color' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
ἐκλύσειἔκλυσιςN3I DSF · ἔκλυσιςdative complementἔκλυσις names the referent as 'ἔκλυσις' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
κατεπέκυψενbend down uponVAI AAI3S · κύπτω + κατα + ἐπιcircumstantial participleκύπτω + κατα + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'bend down upon' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήdirect object / accusative complementκεφαλή names the referent as 'head' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἅβραςmaid, attendantN1A GSF · ἅβραgenitive modifierἅβρα names the referent as 'maid, attendant' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
προπορευομένηςgoing beforeV1 · πμπγσφ πορεύομαι + προcircumstantial participleπμπγσφ πορεύομαι + προ carries the verbal sense 'going before' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
μετέβαλενchangeVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + μεταmain verbβάλλω + μετα carries the verbal sense 'change' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςsubject / nominative complementθεός names the referent as 'God' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαdirect object / accusative complementπνεῦμα names the referent as 'spirit' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
πραύ̈τηταπραύ̈τηςN3 ASF · πραύ̈τηςdirect object / accusative complementπραύ̈της names the referent as 'πραύ̈της' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἀγωνιάσαςbeing alarmedVA · ααπνσμ ἀγωνιάωcircumstantial participleααπνσμ ἀγωνιάω carries the verbal sense 'being alarmed' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἀνεπήδησενspring upVAI AAI3S · πηδάω + ἀναcircumstantial participleπηδάω + ἀνα carries the verbal sense 'spring up' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition with genitiveἀπό serves as a preposition with genitive, linking the clause with the sense 'from'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive modifierθρόνος names the referent as 'throne' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἀνέλαβενtake upVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + ἀναmain verbλαμβάνω + ἀνα carries the verbal sense 'take up' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἀγκάλαςarm, embraceN1 APF · ἀγκάληdirect object / accusative complementἀγκάλη names the referent as 'arm, embrace' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
μέχριςuntilP · μέχριclause linkerμέχρι serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'until'.
οὗwho, whichRR GSM · ὅςgenitive modifierὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
κατέστηstand, take positionVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταmain verbἵστημι + κατα carries the verbal sense 'stand, take position' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
παρεκάλει+ παραV2I IAI3S · καλέω + παραmain verb+ παρα carries the verbal sense '+ παρα' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
λόγοιςword, matterN2 DPM · λόγοςdative complementλόγος names the referent as 'word, matter' here and functions as a dative complement.
εἰρηνικοῖςpeacefulA1 DPM · εἰρηνικόςdative complementεἰρηνικός names the referent as 'peaceful' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτῇhe, she, itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
τίwhat? who?RI NSN · τίςsubject / nominative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ΕσθηρEstherN VSF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώsubject / nominative complementἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἀδελφόςbrother, kinsmanN2 NSM · ἀδελφόςsubject / nominative complementἀδελφός names the referent as 'brother, kinsman' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive modifierσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
θάρσειtake courageV2 PAD2S · θαρρέωmain verbθαρρέω carries the verbal sense 'take courage' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
οὐnotD · οὐnegatorοὐ serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
μὴnotD · μήnegatorμή serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
ἀποθάνῃςθνήσκω + ἀποVB AAS2S · θνήσκω + ἀποmain verbθνήσκω + ἀπο carries the verbal sense 'θνήσκω + ἀπο' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὅτιthat, becauseC · ὅτιcontent / causal markerὅτι serves as a content / causal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'that, because'.
κοινὸνcommonA1 NSN · κοινόςsubject / nominative complementκοινός names the referent as 'common' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πρόσταγμαdecreeN3M NSN · πρόσταγμαsubject / nominative complementπρόσταγμα names the referent as 'decree' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgenitive modifierἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
πρόσελθεcome towardVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + προςmain verbἔρχομαι + προς carries the verbal sense 'come toward' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
2
καὶ ἄρας τὴν χρυσῆν ῥάβδον ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτῆς καὶ ἠσπάσατο αὐτὴν καὶ εἶπεν λάλησόν μοι καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ εἶδόν σε κύριε ὡς ἄγγελον θεοῦ καὶ ἐταράχθη ἡ καρδία μου ἀπὸ φόβου τῆς δόξης σου ὅτι θαυμαστὸς εἶ κύριε καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν σου χαρίτων μεστόν ἐν δὲ τῷ διαλέγεσθαι αὐτὴν ἔπεσεν ἀπὸ ἐκλύσεως αὐτῆς καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐταράσσετο καὶ πᾶσα ἡ θεραπεία αὐτοῦ παρεκάλει αὐτήν
And raising the golden scepter, he laid it upon her neck and kissed her and said, "Speak to me." She said to him, "I saw you, my lord, like an angel of God, and my heart was troubled with fear because of your glory, for you are marvelous, my lord, and your face is full of grace." While she was speaking, she fell from weakness, and the king was disturbed, and all his retinue tried to comfort her.
The scepter-touch formally grants access, while Esther's speech interprets the king's presence in heavenly terms; even after acceptance, her bodily weakness shows that the danger of approaching power has not been theatrically exaggerated.
Word-by-word analysis· 66 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἄραςraisingVA · ααπνσμ αἴρωcircumstantial participleααπνσμ αἴρω carries the verbal sense 'raising' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
χρυσῆνχρυσοῦςA1C ASF · χρυσοῦςdirect object / accusative complementχρυσοῦς names the referent as 'χρυσοῦς' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ῥάβδονscepterN2 ASF · ῥάβδοςdirect object / accusative complementῥάβδος names the referent as 'scepter' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐπέθηκενlay uponVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + ἐπιcircumstantial participleτίθημι + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'lay upon' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
τράχηλονneckN2 ASM · τράχηλοςdirect object / accusative complementτράχηλος names the referent as 'neck' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἠσπάσατοkiss, greetVAI AMI3S · ἀσπάζομαιcircumstantial participleἀσπάζομαι carries the verbal sense 'kiss, greet' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
λάλησόνspeakVA AAD2S · λαλέωcircumstantial participleλαλέω carries the verbal sense 'speak' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
μοιIRP DS · ἐγώdative complementἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
εἶδόνseeVAI AAI1S · ὁράωcircumstantial participleὁράω carries the verbal sense 'see' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object / accusative complementσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
κύριεlordN2 VSM · κύριοςdirect addressκύριος names the referent as 'lord' here and functions as a direct address.
ὡςas, likeC · ὡςcomparative / temporal markerὡς serves as a comparative / temporal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'as, like'.
ἄγγελονangelN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςdirect object / accusative complementἄγγελος names the referent as 'angel' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifierθεός names the referent as 'God' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἐταράχθηtroubleVQI API3S · ταράσσωmain verbταράσσω carries the verbal sense 'trouble' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαsubject / nominative complementκαρδία names the referent as 'heart' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifierἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition with genitiveἀπό serves as a preposition with genitive, linking the clause with the sense 'from'.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive modifierφόβος names the referent as 'fear' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δόξηςglory, honorN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive modifierδόξα names the referent as 'glory, honor' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive modifierσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ὅτιthat, becauseC · ὅτιcontent / causal markerὅτι serves as a content / causal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'that, because'.
θαυμαστὸςmarvelousA1 NSM · θαυμαστόςsubject / nominative complementθαυμαστός names the referent as 'marvelous' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
κύριεlordN2 VSM · κύριοςdirect addressκύριος names the referent as 'lord' here and functions as a direct address.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονsubject / nominative complementπρόσωπον names the referent as 'face' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive modifierσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
χαρίτωνfavorN3T GPF · χάριςgenitive modifierχάρις names the referent as 'favor' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
μεστόνfullA1 NSN · μεστόςsubject / nominative complementμεστός names the referent as 'full' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
διαλέγεσθαιconverseV1 PMN · λέγω + διαmain verbλέγω + δια carries the verbal sense 'converse' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἔπεσενfallVAI AAI3S · πίπτωcircumstantial participleπίπτω carries the verbal sense 'fall' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition with genitiveἀπό serves as a preposition with genitive, linking the clause with the sense 'from'.
ἐκλύσεωςἔκλυσιςN3I GSF · ἔκλυσιςgenitive modifierἔκλυσις names the referent as 'ἔκλυσις' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
αὐτῆςhe, she, itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐταράσσετοtroubleV1I IMI3S · ταράσσωmain verbταράσσω carries the verbal sense 'trouble' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
πᾶσαall, everyA1S NSF · πᾶςsubject / nominative complementπᾶς names the referent as 'all, every' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
θεραπείαattendance, retinueN1A NSF · θεραπείαsubject / nominative complementθεραπεία names the referent as 'attendance, retinue' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
παρεκάλει+ παραV2I IAI3S · καλέω + παραmain verb+ παρα carries the verbal sense '+ παρα' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτήνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
3
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς τί θέλεις Εσθηρ καὶ τί σού ἐστιν τὸ ἀξίωμα ἕως τοῦ ἡμίσους τῆς βασιλείας μου καὶ ἔσται σοι
And the king said, "What do you want, Esther, and what is your request? Up to half my kingdom shall be yours."
The king's open-ended offer creates the political space Esther needs. The exaggerated promise signals favor, but it also tests whether Esther will disclose her case immediately.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τίwhat? who?RI ASN · τίςdirect object / accusative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
θέλειςwish, wantV1 PAI2S · θέλωmain verbθέλω carries the verbal sense 'wish, want' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ΕσθηρEstherN VSF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τίwhat? who?RI NSN · τίςsubject / nominative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
σούyouRP GS · σύgenitive modifierσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἀξίωμαrequest, claimN3M NSN · ἀξίωμαsubject / nominative complementἀξίωμα names the referent as 'request, claim' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἕωςup toP · ἕωςclause linkerἕως serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'up to'.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἡμίσουςhalfA3U GSN · ἥμισυςgenitive modifierἥμισυς names the referent as 'half' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive modifierβασιλεία names the referent as 'kingdom' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifierἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
σοιyouRP DS · σύdative complementσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a dative complement.
4
εἶπεν δὲ Εσθηρ ἡμέρα μου ἐπίσημος σήμερόν ἐστιν εἰ οὖν δοκεῖ τῷ βασιλεῖ ἐλθάτω καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ Αμαν εἰς τὴν δοχήν ἣν ποιήσω σήμερον
Esther said, "Today is my notable day. Therefore, if it seems good to the king, let both he and Haman come today to the banquet that I shall prepare."
Esther answers obliquely. Rather than name Haman's plot in the throne room, she relocates the confrontation to a controlled banquet setting.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ΕσθηρEstherN NSF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραsubject / nominative complementἡμέρα names the referent as 'day' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifierἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἐπίσημοςdistinguishedA1B NSF · ἐπίσημοςsubject / nominative complementἐπίσημος names the referent as 'distinguished' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
σήμερόνtodayD · σήμερονclause linkerσήμερον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'today'.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
εἰifC · εἰclause linkerεἰ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'if'.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particleοὖν serves as a inferential particle, linking the clause with the sense 'therefore'.
δοκεῖseem goodV2 PAI3S · δοκέωmain verbδοκέω carries the verbal sense 'seem good' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a dative complement.
ἐλθάτωcomeVA AAD3S · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial participleἔρχομαι carries the verbal sense 'come' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
αὐτὸςhe, she, itRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δοχήνbanquetN1 ASF · δοχήdirect object / accusative complementδοχή names the referent as 'banquet' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἣνwho, whichRR ASF · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ποιήσωdo, makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονclause linkerσήμερον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'today'.
5
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς κατασπεύσατε Αμαν ὅπως ποιήσωμεν τὸν λόγον Εσθηρ καὶ παραγίνονται ἀμφότεροι εἰς τὴν δοχήν ἣν εἶπεν Εσθηρ
And the king said, "Hurry Haman, so that we may carry out Esther's word." And both of them came to the banquet Esther had announced.
The royal command moves immediately, showing that Esther has successfully set the terms of the encounter. Haman is drawn in by favor without realizing he is being positioned for exposure.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
κατασπεύσατεhurryVA AAD2P · σπεύδω + καταcircumstantial participleσπεύδω + κατα carries the verbal sense 'hurry' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ΑμανHamanN ASM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςpurpose markerὅπως serves as a purpose marker, linking the clause with the sense 'so that'.
ποιήσωμενdo, makeVA AAS1P · ποιέωcircumstantial participleποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
λόγονword, matterN2 ASM · λόγοςdirect object / accusative complementλόγος names the referent as 'word, matter' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ΕσθηρEstherN GSF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
παραγίνονταιarrive, be presentV1 PMI3P · γίγνομαι + παραmain verbγίγνομαι + παρα carries the verbal sense 'arrive, be present' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἀμφότεροιἀμφότεροιA1 NPM · ἀμφότεροιsubject / nominative complementἀμφότεροι names the referent as 'ἀμφότεροι' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δοχήνbanquetN1 ASF · δοχήdirect object / accusative complementδοχή names the referent as 'banquet' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἣνwho, whichRR ASF · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ΕσθηρEstherN NSF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.
6
ἐν δὲ τῷ πότῳ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς Εσθηρ τί ἐστιν βασίλισσα Εσθηρ καὶ ἔσται σοι ὅσα ἀξιοῖς
And during the drinking the king said to Esther, "What is it, Queen Esther? Whatever you ask shall be yours."
The banquet reproduces the king's earlier invitation in a more intimate setting. The repeated offer heightens suspense and underscores Esther's deliberate restraint.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πότῳdrinking feastN2N DSN · πότοςdative complementπότος names the referent as 'drinking feast' here and functions as a dative complement.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
πρὸςto, towardP · πρόςpreposition with accusativeπρός serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'to, toward'.
ΕσθηρEstherN ASF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.
τίwhat? who?RI NSN · τίςsubject / nominative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
βασίλισσαqueenN1 VSF · βασίλισσαdirect addressβασίλισσα names the referent as 'queen' here and functions as a direct address.
ΕσθηρEstherN VSF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
σοιyouRP DS · σύdative complementσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a dative complement.
ὅσαὅσοςA1 APN · ὅσοςdirect object / accusative complementὅσος names the referent as 'ὅσος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἀξιοῖςἀξιόωV4 PAI2S · ἀξιόωmain verbἀξιόω carries the verbal sense 'ἀξιόω' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
7
καὶ εἶπεν τὸ αἴτημά μου καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμά μου
And she said, "This is my petition and my request:"
The line functions as a rhetorical hinge. Esther appears to begin the disclosure, but the pause itself becomes part of her strategy.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αἴτημάpetitionN3M NSN · αἴτημαsubject / nominative complementαἴτημα names the referent as 'petition' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifierἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἀξίωμάrequest, claimN3M NSN · ἀξίωμαsubject / nominative complementἀξίωμα names the referent as 'request, claim' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive modifierἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
8
εἰ εὗρον χάριν ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως ἐλθάτω ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ Αμαν ἐπὶ τὴν αὔριον εἰς τὴν δοχήν ἣν ποιήσω αὐτοῖς καὶ αὔριον ποιήσω τὰ αὐτά
If I have found favor before the king, let the king and Haman come tomorrow to the banquet that I shall prepare for them, and tomorrow I will do accordingly.
Esther extends the delay one more day. The postponement is not indecision but narrative pressure: it gives time for providence to work on the king and for Haman's pride to ripen into self-destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
εἰifC · εἰclause linkerεἰ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'if'.
εὗρονfindVB AAI1S · εὑρίσκωmain verbεὑρίσκω carries the verbal sense 'find' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςdirect object / accusative complementχάρις names the referent as 'favor' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐνώπιονἐνώπιονP · ἐνώπιονclause linkerἐνώπιον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'ἐνώπιον'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἐλθάτωcomeVA AAD3S · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial participleἔρχομαι carries the verbal sense 'come' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὔριονtomorrowD · αὔριονclause linkerαὔριον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'tomorrow'.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δοχήνbanquetN1 ASF · δοχήdirect object / accusative complementδοχή names the referent as 'banquet' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἣνwho, whichRR ASF · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ποιήσωdo, makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτοῖςhe, she, itRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
αὔριονtomorrowD · αὔριονclause linkerαὔριον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'tomorrow'.
ποιήσωdo, makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐτάhe, she, itRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
9
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ Αμαν ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ὑπερχαρὴς εὐφραινόμενος ἐν δὲ τῷ ἰδεῖν Αμαν Μαρδοχαῖον τὸν Ιουδαῖον ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ ἐθυμώθη σφόδρα
And Haman went out from the king overjoyed and exulting, but when Haman saw Mordecai the Jew in the court, he was enraged exceedingly.
The verse turns abruptly from triumph to fury. Haman's inability to enjoy royal favor while Mordecai remains unbowed reveals the diseased proportion of his ambition.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἐξῆλθενcome outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbἔρχομαι + ἐκ carries the verbal sense 'come out' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition with genitiveἀπό serves as a preposition with genitive, linking the clause with the sense 'from'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ὑπερχαρὴςoverjoyedA3 NSM · ὑπερχαρήςsubject / nominative complementὑπερχαρής names the referent as 'overjoyed' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
εὐφραινόμενοςrejoicingV1 · πμπνσμ εὐφραίνωcircumstantial participleπμπνσμ εὐφραίνω carries the verbal sense 'rejoicing' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωmain verbὁράω carries the verbal sense 'see' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ΑμανHamanN ASM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
ΜαρδοχαῖονMordecaiN2 ASM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdirect object / accusative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΙουδαῖονJewN2 ASM · Ἰουδαῖοςdirect object / accusative complementἸουδαῖος names the referent as 'Jew' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήdative complementαὐλή names the referent as 'court' here and functions as a dative complement.
ἐθυμώθηangerVCI API3S · θυμόωmain verbθυμόω carries the verbal sense 'anger' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
σφόδρασφόδραD · σφόδραclause linkerσφόδρα serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'σφόδρα'.
10
καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἐκάλεσεν τοὺς φίλους καὶ Ζωσαραν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ
And when he had gone into his own house, he summoned his friends and Zosara his wife.
Haman carries his grievance home and seeks an audience that will echo his vanity back to him rather than correct it.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἰσελθὼνhaving enteredVB · ααπνσμ ἔρχομαι + εἰςcircumstantial participleααπνσμ ἔρχομαι + εἰς carries the verbal sense 'having entered' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἴδιαἴδιοςA1A APN · ἴδιοςdirect object / accusative complementἴδιος names the referent as 'ἴδιος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐκάλεσενcallVAI AAI3S · καλέωcircumstantial participleκαλέω carries the verbal sense 'call' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
φίλουςfriendA1 APM · φίλοςdirect object / accusative complementφίλος names the referent as 'friend' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ΖωσαρανZosaraN ASF · Ζωσαραclause linkerΖωσαρα serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Zosara'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
γυναῖκαwife, womanN3K ASF · γυνήdirect object / accusative complementγυνή names the referent as 'wife, woman' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
11
καὶ ὑπέδειξεν αὐτοῖς τὸν πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν δόξαν ἣν ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῷ περιέθηκεν καὶ ὡς ἐποίησεν αὐτὸν πρωτεύειν καὶ ἡγεῖσθαι τῆς βασιλείας
And he showed them his wealth and the honor that the king had bestowed on him, and how he had made him hold first rank and rule over the kingdom.
The recital catalogs the emblems of Haman's greatness, but the piling up of honors only sharpens the absurdity of the single insult he cannot bear.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ὑπέδειξενshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + ὑποcircumstantial participleδεικνύω + ὑπο carries the verbal sense 'show' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτοῖςhe, she, itRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςdirect object / accusative complementπλοῦτος names the referent as 'wealth' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δόξανglory, honorN1S ASF · δόξαdirect object / accusative complementδόξα names the referent as 'glory, honor' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἣνwho, whichRR ASF · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
περιέθηκενbe clothed in, wearVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + περιcircumstantial participleτίθημι + περι carries the verbal sense 'be clothed in, wear' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ὡςas, likeC · ὡςcomparative / temporal markerὡς serves as a comparative / temporal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'as, like'.
ἐποίησενdo, makeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωcircumstantial participleποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
πρωτεύεινhold first rankV1 PAN · πρωτεύωinfinitive complementπρωτεύω carries the verbal sense 'hold first rank' here and functions as a infinitive complement within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἡγεῖσθαιlead, ruleV2 PMN · ἡγέομαιmain verbἡγέομαι carries the verbal sense 'lead, rule' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive modifierβασιλεία names the referent as 'kingdom' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
12
καὶ εἶπεν Αμαν οὐ κέκληκεν ἡ βασίλισσα μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως οὐδένα εἰς τὴν δοχὴν ἀλλ' ἢ ἐμέ καὶ εἰς τὴν αὔριον κέκλημαι
And Haman said, "The queen invited no one with the king to the banquet except me, and for tomorrow also I have been invited."
Haman interprets Esther's private hospitality as exclusive validation. The invitation he thinks confirms his security is actually drawing him toward judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
οὐnotD · οὐnegatorοὐ serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
κέκληκενcallVX XAI3S · καλέωmain verbκαλέω carries the verbal sense 'call' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασίλισσαqueenN1A NSF · βασίλισσαsubject / nominative complementβασίλισσα names the referent as 'queen' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
μετὰwith, afterP · μετάpreposition with genitive/accusativeμετά serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'with, after'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
οὐδέναno oneA3 ASM · οὐδείςdirect object / accusative complementοὐδείς names the referent as 'no one' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δοχὴνbanquetN1 ASF · δοχήdirect object / accusative complementδοχή names the referent as 'banquet' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἀλλ'ἀλλάC · ἀλλάclause linkerἀλλά serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'ἀλλά'.
ἢorC · ἤalternative markerἤ serves as a alternative marker, linking the clause with the sense 'or'.
ἐμέIRP AS · ἐγώdirect object / accusative complementἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὔριονtomorrowD · αὔριονclause linkerαὔριον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'tomorrow'.
κέκλημαιcallVM XMI1S · καλέωmain verbκαλέω carries the verbal sense 'call' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
13
καὶ ταῦτά μοι οὐκ ἀρέσκει ὅταν ἴδω Μαρδοχαῖον τὸν Ιουδαῖον ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ
Yet these things do not please me whenever I see Mordecai the Jew in the court.
The confession exposes the hollowness of status severed from mastery over resentment. One faithful Jew outweighs an empire's honors in Haman's diseased imagination.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ταῦτάhe, she, itRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
μοιIRP DS · ἐγώdative complementἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a dative complement.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegatorοὐ serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
ἀρέσκειpleaseV1 PAI3S · ἀρέσκωmain verbἀρέσκω carries the verbal sense 'please' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὅτανwheneverD · ὅτανclause linkerὅταν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'whenever'.
ἴδωseeVB AAS1S · ὁράωmain verbὁράω carries the verbal sense 'see' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ΜαρδοχαῖονMordecaiN2 ASM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdirect object / accusative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΙουδαῖονJewN2 ASM · Ἰουδαῖοςdirect object / accusative complementἸουδαῖος names the referent as 'Jew' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήdative complementαὐλή names the referent as 'court' here and functions as a dative complement.
14
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ζωσαρα ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ φίλοι κοπήτω σοι ξύλον πηχῶν πεντήκοντα ὄρθρου δὲ εἰπὸν τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ κρεμασθήτω Μαρδοχαῖος ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου σὺ δὲ εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν δοχὴν σὺν τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ εὐφραίνου καὶ ἤρεσεν τὸ ῥῆμα τῷ Αμαν καὶ ἡτοιμάσθη τὸ ξύλον
Then Zosara his wife and his friends said to him, "Let a stake fifty cubits high be cut for you, and at daybreak speak to the king, and let Mordecai be hanged on the stake. Then go in with the king to the banquet and enjoy yourself." The proposal pleased Haman, and the stake was prepared.
The household gives murderous form to Haman's grievance. The enormous stake is meant as a spectacle of domination, but within the book's reversal logic it becomes the very instrument that condemns its planner.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
πρὸςto, towardP · πρόςpreposition with accusativeπρός serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'to, toward'.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ΖωσαραZosaraN NSF · Ζωσαραclause linkerΖωσαρα serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Zosara'.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
γυνὴwife, womanN3K NSF · γυνήsubject / nominative complementγυνή names the referent as 'wife, woman' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
φίλοιfriendA1 NPM · φίλοςsubject / nominative complementφίλος names the referent as 'friend' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
κοπήτωcutVA AAD3S · κόπτωcircumstantial participleκόπτω carries the verbal sense 'cut' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
σοιyouRP DS · σύdative complementσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a dative complement.
ξύλονwood, stakeN2N ASN · ξύλονdirect object / accusative complementξύλον names the referent as 'wood, stake' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
πηχῶνcubitN3U GPM · πῆχυςgenitive modifierπῆχυς names the referent as 'cubit' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταclause linkerπεντήκοντα serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'fifty'.
ὄρθρουὄρθροςN2 GSM · ὄρθροςgenitive modifierὄρθρος names the referent as 'ὄρθρος' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
εἰπὸνsayVA AAD2S · εἶπονcircumstantial participleεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
κρεμασθήτωhangVS APD3S · κρεμάζωmain verbκρεμάζω carries the verbal sense 'hang' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ΜαρδοχαῖοςMordecaiN2 NSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςsubject / nominative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ξύλουwood, stakeN2N GSN · ξύλονgenitive modifierξύλον names the referent as 'wood, stake' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
σὺyouRP NS · σύsubject / nominative complementσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
εἴσελθεgo intoVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verbἔρχομαι + εἰς carries the verbal sense 'go into' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δοχὴνbanquetN1 ASF · δοχήdirect object / accusative complementδοχή names the referent as 'banquet' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition with dativeσύν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'with'.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εὐφραίνουrejoiceV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωmain verbεὐφραίνω carries the verbal sense 'rejoice' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἤρεσενpleaseVAI AAI3S · ἀρέσκωcircumstantial participleἀρέσκω carries the verbal sense 'please' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ῥῆμαword, proposalN3M NSN · ῥῆμαsubject / nominative complementῥῆμα names the referent as 'word, proposal' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΑμανHamanN DSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἡτοιμάσθηprepareVCI API3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbἑτοιμάζω carries the verbal sense 'prepare' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ξύλονwood, stakeN2N NSN · ξύλονsubject / nominative complementξύλον names the referent as 'wood, stake' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.